ANIMAL FARM QUESTIONS

You do not need to answer in complete sentences, but all answers should be explained and CITED p! "#
$re%ace& 'h( did Orwell sa( he was )luc*( to !et out o% Spain ali+e,- read the whole pre%ace be%ore answerin!# He had survived the purges. He was also a totally honest man so many politicians did not like him and were after him. (preface) 'h( did Orwell ha+e di%%iculties !ettin! .nimal /arm published, Animal farm was seen as to have gone against socialism and it was hard to write about it without being accused of supporting fascism or naziism. There was also a lot of justifiable praise in the oviets due to their contributions in the war. !any people were pro"soviets and this would cause unrest. The book seemed heretical. (preface) 'hat did he re%er to as the )so+iet m(th,- 'h( did he want to destro( it, The soviet myth portrayed the soviets as noble and amazing. However# on the inside# they had many conspirators# there was sabotage# and in general a lot of political propaganda# the government lying# etc. All of this was in order to keep people under control and keep the government in power# even with their horrifying habits. (preface) Chapter I 'hat are the main ideas Old 0a1or articulates in his speech to the animals, (ou can list# "There is enough fertile land to support many more animals with a much higher standard of living but humans are taking the products of the animals and not giving them compensation "Humans are the bottleneck# the obstacle that is holding their society of animals back. "Humans must be overthrown for animals to get their due "A rebellion must come at some time# no matter how far into the future# but the animals must prepare. "$othing that anybody says should take away the focus of change. "!en are enemies# animals are comrades. "Animals cannot take the habits of man because they are evil. "He gives them the song the %easts of &ngland to help raise their spirits and keep their determination (pgs. '"()) Old 0a1or warns the animals that the( must alwa(s be hostile to 0an and his wa(s2 Speci%icall(, what are man3s e+il wa(s, He says that no animal may* "live in a house "sleep in a bed "drink alcohol "smoke tobacco "engage in trade "tyrannize another animal (pg. (() "wear clothes "touch money "kill another animal

'hat are the ma1or themes o% the son! )4easts o% En!land,+t calls all of the beasts around the world# regardless of where they are from# who they are# etc. and tells them to listen to the beautiful stories of what is going to happen after the revolution. +t talks about how one day there will be an overthrowing of the ,tyrant man, and how animals will one day rule themselves. $o marks of servitude such as nose rings# harnesses# etc. will e-ist# and the animals will be free and very rich and prosperous. +t glorifies the future# and talks about how everybody will need to work for freedom# but the freedom will be sweet and rich. (pgs. (."()) Chapter II

'hen Old ma1or dies, who ta*es on the tas* o% leadin! and or!ani5in! the animals, 'h( them, The pigs took on the task because they were generally recognized as being the smartest/most intelligent of all the animals. pecifically# pigs named $apoleon and nowball were being bred for sale# so they seemed to be the leaders of the pigs. (pgs. (0"(') 'hat is su!!ested about Su!arcand( 0ountain, 'hat does the name o% the ra+en su!!est, I% 0r2 6ones represents the state, what is implied about the relationship between the two, ugarcandy mountain was suggested by the raven !oses as a land that all animals went to when they died. +t was unday seven days a week# clover was always in season# and sugar/cake grew on hedges. The name of the raven suggests a connection with 1hristianity# and is a reference to the biblical tale of !oses# leading his people# in this case the animals# to ,freedom, and the ,holy land,. The implied relationship between the bird and !r. 2ones suggests that the state and religion work together to enslave the citizens of the state. This is because 1hristianity would lead the people to accept their current state in hopes that going to sugarcandy mountain# symbolic of heaven# would allow them eternal happiness. (pgs. (3"(4) 'hat are the Se+en Commandments o% .nimalism, Explain what 7 ma( si!ni%( in terms o% the ideas o% Communism2 They are* two"legged animals are enemies# four"legged or winged animals are friends# no animal will wear clothes# sleep in a bed# drink alcohol# or kill any other animal# and all animals are e5ual. $o animal shall sleep in a bed signifies the idea that everybody must share the ground and how it rejects industrial comfort. (pgs. .6".0) The reader is told at the end o% Chapter 8 that when the animals came bac*, )the mil* had disappeared2- 'hat does this mean, 9ow is this a %oreshadowin! o% what is to come, This is symbolic of how the fruits of people7s efforts are not necessarily given to them in a communist society. This is foreshadowing of how things will be stolen# and the authorities will do many things that do not necessarily have the approval of the public. However# the plain fact that they are the authorities gives them the reason they need to keep doing it. (pg. .') Chapter III In the earl( da(s o% the re+olution, what is the mood, 'hat is 4oxer3s attitude, +n the early days of the revolution there was a lot of hard work. The animals were all very happy and they were willing to do what they had to in order to help make the successful revolution lead into a successful society. &ach animal naturally fell into their own natural role and began to do the work that the farm would normally be doing. There was no wastage of harvest# and everything they did was happy because everything they did was a manifestation of their own hard labor. %o-er was an e-tremely hard worker and everybody admired him because he would always work harder and harder. (pg. .8) 'hat happens on Sunda(s, There would be be no work# breakfast would be later# and there would be a ceremony observed which would celebrate the 9epublic of the Animals which would arise when the human race was overthrown. Then the coming week would be mapped out. (pg. )() Since all the animals can +ote, wh( are the pi!s in char!e o% sa(in! what is to be done and when, 'hat does this represent in the USS:, The pigs are supposedly the smartest. They are the only ones on the farm that come up with what seem like good ideas to the rest of the animals. The pigs# also dictate what people can vote on. Though it seems like people are making decisions# the government is simply giving them options that they may not necessarily want. This represents how in the : 9 the government controls what is done and when because their country is based on this rigid infrastructure# and people believed in it. (pg. )() 'hat is the result o% all the committees that Snowball starts, The committees that he starts do not amount to much and most of them end up failing. However# the reading and writing committees were a success and almost every animal was able to read and write by the end of the summer. (pg. ).) /or the less intelli!ent animals, what slo!an does Snowball in+ent that contains the essential principles o% .nimalism, ,;our legs good# two legs bad, (pg. )6)

9ow does S;uealer 1usti%( the pi!s3 appropriation o% the mil* and apples %or themsel+es, He e-plained that many of the pigs dislike milk and apples# and that the sole purpose for the pigs eating them was to preserve their health. He claimed that science had proven that milk and apples contain substances necessary for the well"being of a pig. (pgs. )0" )') 'e are told that Napoleon and Snowball disa!ree on 1ust about e+er(thin!2 'hat, howe+er, is the one thin! on which the( are in %ull a!reement at the end o% this chapter, They agree that their primary goal is to keep 2ones out of Animal ;arm. (pg. )0) Chapter I< 9ow do the people who li+e next to .nimal /arm %eel about the re+olution, 9ow mi!ht this relate to European countries3 +iews on the :ussian :e+olution, The people living ne-t to Animal ;arm had mi-ed reactions. ome wanted to turn the misfortune in their favor. <thers were fearful that the same might happen to them. !r. ;rederick and !r. =ilkington were hostile towards each other. They were an-ious to prevent their own animals from learning about the revolutions and its success as well as spreading bad rumors about how the animals on Animal ;arm were under horrible conditions. (pgs. )'")4) The pi!s !enerall( do not come o%% too well in this stor(, (et Snowball is shown as bein! exceptionall( bra+e2 'h( do (ou suppose Orwell portra(s him so positi+el(, nowball is portrayed as very loyal and patriotic to the animals. He states ,7$o sentimentality# comrade> ? @ar is war. The only good human being is a dead one.7, This line demonstrates his e-treme patriotism by supporting his cause regardless of the costs and what he needs to do. %y portraying a patriotic being positively# <rwell promotes patriotism and drives the audience to connect to their own cause more. (pg. 6)) Chapter < Describe what happens to the sheep2 $apoleon began brainwashing the sheep to say ,;our good two bad, in parody of the motto that nowball had come up with# and they would chant it all the time. (pgs. 63"64) 'hat is Snowball3s dream %or the windmill, 'hat is Napoleon3s thin*in! about the windmill, nowball dreamed that the windmill would be very hard work# and that rocks would have to be 5uarried and brought up to the walls. However# he imagined that they could halve the amount of work that the animals would need to do because the windmill would provide energy. However# $apoleon argued that the windmill would divert attention away from the current issue at hand# which was food production. As the population of the farm increased# there needed to be more food# and refused to believe that the windmill would do much for them. (pg. 0A) . second ma1or point o% disa!reement between the two is the de%ense o% the %arm2 'hat point o% +iew does each ha+e, $apoleon believed that animals should be able to use firearms and figure out how to use them to defend the farm. However# nowball thought that there must be rebellion outside of the farm caused by pigeons in order to divert attention away form them. (pg. 0() 9ow does this ar!ument between Napoleon and Snowball end, $apoleon calls the dogs out# with a high"pitched whimper. The nine puppies had been trained to be vicious and chase nowball away from Animal ;arm (pgs. 0."0)) 'hat do the do!s in this alle!or( represent, 9ow are the( depicted, The dogs represent the army of talin. @hen talin led the military coup to overthrow 9ussia7s government# Trotsky was also pushed out of power. The dogs are depicted as vicious and the army was very ruthless just like the dogs. (pg. 0)) In the classic st(le o% a t(rant, how does Napoleon, throu!h S;uealer, rewrite histor(,

$apoleon uses 5uealer# who is very articulate and convincing# to spread the word that even though nowball may have shown bravery# he was not loyal. %y altering history# $apoleon is able to spread dissent about nowball and improve the support for himself. He also claims that leadership is a burden as there is much to worry about# however# $apoleon abuses this power. (pg. 00) 'hat two thin!s con+ince the animals o% the truth o% S;uealer3s pronouncements, $one of the animals have anything better to say# so they assume that what 5uealer says is the closest to the truth. Additionally# they don7t want 2ones back so they support $apoleon. (pgs. 06"0') Chapter <I In what wa(s are the pi!s abusin! their leadership roles, ;irstly# they do not take responsibility for the workload that they have to do. $e-t# they use their leadership in order to change things that were originally not allowed. ;or e-ample# even though trade is not allowed# they still trade with the humans to get what they ,need,. The pigs also move into the farmhouse. <verall# they violate many rules because they believe that they are above the other animals. (pgs. '("'') In what wa(s are the pi!s be!innin! to beha+e li*e humans, The pigs are beginning to boss all the other animals around and abuse them as well as take the fruits of labor without consent. Additionally# they take up human vices# such as trading# sleeping in beds# living in the farmhouse# drinking# etc. (pgs. ''"'8) 'h( are the other animals becomin! uneas(, 'hat is S;uealer3s tas* at this point, 9ow does he carr( it out, The other animals vaguely remember the beginning of Animal ;arm and remember that this is not what it stood for. Animal ;arm used to be an idea that the future would be glorious# shared by all animals# and everybody would be rich. However# this has evidently not happened. 5uealer7s job is to spread propaganda at this point# and he carries it out very well# very convincingly# etc. (pgs. ''"3() Chapter <II 9ow does Napoleon, who is not seen in public o%ten, deal with the hen3s rebellion, He simply cut off their food supply and waited it out# and the hens eventually gave in. (pgs. 3'"33) 'h( did the hens rebel, 'hat !roup do the( represent in Stalinist :ussia, The hens rebelled because the things they produced were being taken away from them without their permission. Their revolt was similar to the peasant revolt in 9ussia. The peasant revolt occurred because of the collectivization policy which would not reward farmers for how hard they worked. Therefore the hens represent the peasant class in talinist 9ussia (pg. 3') 'hat does Napoleon sa( about Snowball, 9ow is this similar to Stalin3s relationship with Trots*(, He says that snowball broke the windmill. He also claimed that snowball was fre5uenting the farm at night and spreading dissent# and stated that nowball was causing a lot of the trouble on the farm such as stealing food. This is a lot like how talin used Trotsky as a target in order to blame somebody for his problems instead of trying to solve them. (pg. 33) 9ow does S;uealer rewrite histor(, He claims that nowball was with 2ones the entire time# plotting with him. (pg. 38) 'h( does S;uealer sa( )4easts o% En!land- is no lon!er appropriate, 'hat is sun! in its place, He claims that ,%easts of &ngland, was to motivate the animals to revolt and remind them that they are above humans. However# with humans gone# it isn7t needed anymore. +n its place# there was a song that praised Animal ;arm. (pg. 44) Chapter <III

9ow do the pi!s )alter realit(- to handle the %ood crisis, The pigs provide fake facts and figures that claim that food production had increased tremendously when in reality it had been dropping lower and lower. They alter reality to make the state seem incredibly beneficial to the animals so that the animals would support the state more. (pg. 8.) 4( this point what characteristics o% a t(pical dictator has Napoleon assumed, He has installed a mono"partisan government with him as the sole leader. He does not give the individual animals the liberty that was promised by the original Animal ;arm dreams. Additionally# he glorifies the state by e-aggerating the food production by making up fake facts and figure to describe it. As well# he glorifies war and how dying in a battle against humans is a risk worth taking because the cause of war is justified and protects the rest of the animals and their ,freedom., The government is completely controlled by $apoleon. He also gives himself a glorified name and poem. (pgs. 8("80) 9itler si!ned a non=a!!ression pact with :ussia, but he went bac* on the pact and in+aded :ussia2 9ow is this represented in the boo*, $apoleon agrees to sell the wood to ;o-wood# but then turns around and sells it to =inchfield instead. This is like the non" aggression treaty where they agree to one thing but then they are turned on. (pg. 88) 'hat enables the animals to de%eat /rederic*3s armed %orces, 9ow do the animals react a%ter the battle, 'hat does Napoleon do, The animals see the windmill destroyed# which took years to build# and that sets them on a fury# allowing them to win the battle. After the battle# they are e-tremely let down and depressed. They are not happy with the results and not happy that battle was not really what they had dreamed. However# $apoleon celebrates# fires the gun# and gives everybody rewards for their bravery. This makes them seem as if they had won. (pgs .(A)"(A') The narrator be!ins the next=to=last para!raph& ).bout this time there occurred a stran!e incident which hardl( an(one was able to understand2- 'hat was this incident, 5uealer had fallen suspiciously ne-t to a half"broken ladder# a bucket of paint that was spilled# and a lantern. (pg. (A4) . %ew da(s later which commandment had the animals )remembered wron!-, The animals had ,remembered wrong, the commandment about drinkingB it ,apparently, said no drinking in ,e-cess,. (pg. (A8) Chapter I> 9ow does S;uealer once a!ain use lan!ua!e to mas* realit(, 5uealer uses his skills in rhetoric by claiming that the van taking %o-er away was really for a vet# but they had simply bought a van and had forgotten to paint over it. %y masking reality# he calms the animals and spreads yet another layer over the eyes of everybody. Additionally# he paints the picture of being by %o-er when he died# further strengthening his claims. This further calms the animals# and they no longer have a reason to doubt what they are hearing. (pgs. (.."(.0) 'hat are some si!ns that li%e on the %arm is becomin! une;ual, At this point the pigs are plainly stealing from the other animals. Harvests# eggs# milk# etc. are all sold for money# despite the lack of food that the animals have. The pigs obviously have enough food as well. They even decide to use the money that they are getting to buy a cask of beer. The young pigs received education while many of the other young animals did not. ;ood was poorly distributed# with the majority going# of course# to the pigs.(pgs. ((4"(.') Throu!hout the boo* 4en1amin has obser+ed e+er(thin! but neither appro+es nor disappro+es o% an(thin!2 'hat causes him to brea* into a !allop, then later to read, :emember, he said earlier that while he can read ;uite well, there is nothin! worth readin!2 He believes that the van that came to take away %o-er was really going to the Horse laughterer. @hen he catches a glimpse of the title painted on the van he breaks into a gallop to read the full name. %ecause %o-er was such a hard worker and everybody looked up to him# %enjamin was afraid for %o-er. (pg. (..)

'hat happens to 4oxer at the end o% this chapter, 'hat do (ou thin* Orwell is tr(in! to con+e( about the relationship between the !o+ernment and the citi5ens, %o-er is taken to the horse slaughterer. <rwell conveys that governments do not really care about their citizens. Their citizens are seen as a way to support the government without the government doing anything. (pg. (..) Chapter > The %arm has prospered, but who are the onl( creatures who ha+e bene%ited, <nly the pigs and the dogs have benefitted. (pg. (.8) The animals are cold and hun!r(, but what do the( still ha+e, They never gave up hope and never lost their determination. They always believed that the future would be better and that they were the only farm in the country owned and operated by animals

Some belie+e 4en1amin3s philosoph( is reall( Orwell3s philosoph(2 I% it does represent Orwell3s thou!hts, what comment is he ma*in! about re+olution, 9evolution is generally bad. Though initially it may bring upon freedom and happiness# there will always be intrinsic characteristics that make one group better than another# and that intrinsic domination will lead to the eventual domination of that group. (pgs. ()6"()0) ?ist some o% the wa(s the pi!s are becomin! more li*e humans throu!hout this chapter2 The pigs begin walking on two feet. Additionally# they invite people over to the farm to tour it. They also drink# gamble# party# and converse with the other humans naturally. This shows that they have integrated well into human society and their actions make them as human as the 2ones. (pgs ())"(6()