Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Prepared by
G. S. Zimmer
GSZ, Inc.
Tucson, Arizona
November, 2007
1.0
Introduction
In nearly 35 years of open pit mine planning I have encountered many diverse and
unique problems, many of which I saved, as memos to file, and promptly forgot
where I put them. In 2002-2003, during the prolonged industry slow down, I loosely
compiled these memos and procedures I had developed into a document I called
Mine Planning 101, alluding to an introductory course in mine planning
fundamentals. The document was NOT intended to be a comprehensive how to
for open pit mine planning. It is a compilation of various fundamental principles that
I have seen overlooked, some estimating tools that may be useful, and descriptions
of actual incidents. The intent was to have something I could travel with and use in
my consulting work.
On 31 October 2007 I was contacted, via email, by Sr. Jose Gonzales (Long Term
Planning Superintendent for Cerro Verde) regarding conducting a training session
for pushback design on site for the Cerro Verde team. Since I effectively speak no
Spanish and pushback design is highly deposit-specific, I recommended the
following approach as being cost-effective:
I should adapt my Mine Planning 101 compilation to deal specifically with
pit design, add sufficient text to provide continuity, and send the resulting
document to Cerro Verde via email.
The CV staff would review the document, ask questions via email, take the
time to apply appropriate concepts, and review the results.
At the discretion of CV, I could then visit the site for detailed discussions.
Note that the application of the techniques and procedures described herein is a
function of the current age of the operation with respect to the mine life. At the
feasibility stage or early in the mine life, ALL the concepts will apply. In a mature
operation, or one approaching final pit limits, concepts such as balanced pushback
size have little or no application and the paramount objective is efficient access.
However, at all stages of mine life, the concepts of minimum mining rate calculation
and the calculation of a stripped ore inventory are very useful tools.
2.0
Overview
Of the parameters used for economic pit limit assessment (referred to as cone
runs herein for brevity), commodity price and processing recovery nearly always
are the most significant by a wide margin. In many instances, third place is taken
by pit slope angles, particularly with deep pits.
It is both important and cost effective to have geotechnical input from day one of
the economic pit limit evaluation. Slope angles used for initial cone runs are
somewhat generic because we have little or no idea of the location, orientation, and
depth of pit limits relative to the geology of the deposit. Much of todays software
has the capability (with some effort) to integrate the cone shell with the geological
interpretation, which should be done and reviewed by the geotechnical personnel.
Any revisions to slope angles should be immediately incorporated into additional
cone runs.
Once the initial geotechnical recommendations have been processed, the resulting
cone shell should be used to rough out the final pit access routing and the number
of ramp crossings in each slope sector will yield ramp-equivalent slope angles for
an additional cone run. In some situations, the location of the access remaining on
the final pit walls cannot be defined until the internal pushbacks have been
designed. Geotechnical personnel should again review the resulting rampequivalent shell.
A deep pit will probably be sensitive to an incremental haulage cost, as a function
of depth, and this issue needs to be addressed early in the economic pit limit
evaluation. Failure to do so at this time may result in the depth of the final pit being
below economic limits and the lower benches of internal pushbacks not being
viable at the commodity price that the pushback was based on.
In some instances, a variable cutoff grade strategy is utilized, which raises the
cutoff grade during the early years and stockpiles the lower grade material for
processing at the end of mine life. In this situation, both a stockpile rehandling cost
and the potential for reduction in metallurgical recovery (degradation with time)
should be considered and included in the cutoff grade calculations. Failure to do so
will result in material being stockpiled that should have been sent to waste in the
first place. This probably will not have a significant effect on final pit limits, but it will
have an effect on the allocation of contained material (reserve tabulations).
Initial cone runs should be done without the application of a minimum mining
radius. It is possible, in either a strata-bound or a structure-limited deposit for a
minimum mining radius to force pit limits beyond the strata or structural limits (know
your software!). A cone run with no mining radius constraint may result in deep
bulls-eyes or rat holes which are probably uneconomic due to access
consideration. If there is an obvious flat area that contains the bulls-eyes, limit a
subsequent cone run to an artificial bottom slightly below the elevation of the flat
area. If the upper pit limits do not change significantly, it is apparent that the
material in the bulls-eyes does not influence them. The benches containing the
Much of the current mining software attempts to simultaneously address all the
possible variables in the development of a mine plan. It is important for the user to
realize that this approach, rather than a sequential and iterative process, will
automatically result in dumbing down the process and/or operating at the lowest
common denominator, which may NOT be obvious. In other words, a parameter
that drives the mine plan has a good chance of NOT being THE critical factor
because it might be easily remedied. As an example, warnings/indications that
pushback redesign might be helpful may be hidden in a mass of data.
An initial mine production schedule should be developed with minimal mining rate
smoothing by advance stripping. This schedule should be utilized as a basis for
equipment selection and subsequent optimization. Advance stripping should be
utilized to balance truck requirements as much as possible. It should be
recognized that pushback redesign might be required to optimize equipment
requirements.
Note that a thorough evaluation of a set of pushback designs requires the
development of a mine production schedule and the generation of composite
drawings showing the pit operating geometry as a function of time. It is quite
possible that individual pushbacks, containing efficient access, may be problematic
when combined into a production schedule. A review of the operating geometry
may offer insight into slope angles as a function of operating wall height that is not
evident from the individual pushback designs.
Equipment selection must consider both the mining rate and the operating
geometry of the mine plan. Minimizing operating costs dictates the use of the
largest possible equipment, but equipment size must be determined with common
sense. One large stripping shovel might handle all the waste requirements on a
total tonnage basis. However, if the tonnage is spread over two or three working
faces in any given period, one big unit is obviously not appropriate. Operating
geometry, rather than shovel capacity, may dictate the number of shovels required,
particularly when relatively immobile tracked units are specified. Consequently,
there is a trade off between under-utilization of larger units (low operating cost, high
capital cost) and efficient utilization of smaller units (higher operating cost, less
capital cost).
Once a reasonable production schedule has been developed and equipment has
been selected in terms of size, equipment requirements are calculated sequentially
for each mining period. While unit productivities (tons per hour) will remain
constant over the equipment life, both availability and hourly operating costs should
be a function of equipment age. Optimization of truck requirements will almost
certainly require adjustments to the mine production schedule.
After equipment requirements are calculated, mine operating costs are developed
on a functional basis (drilling, blasting, loading, hauling, etc.), preferably with M&R
(maintenance and repair) costs varying as a function of equipment age. Once the
mine operating costs have been calculated, they should be compared to those
used in the cone runs. If the calculated costs to not fall within sensitivity limits, the
reserves may be invalidated and another complete iteration may be required.
On completion of the initial mine plan, a stripped ore inventory calculation should be
developed. The inventory is a tabulation and plot of the volume of available
(stripped) ore at the end of each mining period. When a pushback is stripped to an
elevation where a continuous ore supply is available, all ore below that elevation is
added to the inventory, which is drawn down until the continuous ore supply in the
subsequent pushback is exposed. The ore inventory plot will yield a series of
peaks and valleys. The peaks are irrelevant, but the valleys show the magnitude of
the stripped ore cushion and the time periods in which the minimums occur. If
there are problems (cushions too small or too large), the production schedule
should be revised at this time.
If either reviewing or working in an operation utilizing an equipment dispatching
system, do NOT blindly assume that the reported equipment productivities are
optimal (whatever that means). There is no guarantee that the dispatching system
is being utilized properly and/or is functioning correctly. Productivity estimates
should be made, compared to those being experienced in the operation, and
significant disparities should be explained.
If reviewing or working with an unfamiliar existing operation, the following question
should be asked: Tell me, using short sentences and small words, how an
operating hour is defined at this operation. Similarly, the definitions for
availability, use of availability, and utilization should be defined. If not changed
in mid-stream, these definitions do not impact the operation in question. However,
problems can arise when making comparisons with other operations if terms are
not defined.
In general, there are four operating modes for open pit mine operations and mine
planning. The first is a LUXURY MODE, which seldom happens anymore, but is
characterized by:
The third condition is CRISIS MODE, which is usually the result of a fall in
commodity price, or problems with the ore body model, or both. It is difficult to
identify the onset of crisis mode and it also can be very difficult for the engineers to
question premises that have served admirably for many years. In crisis mode, ALL
design/planning constraints and operating restrictions must be objectively reviewed
with the objective of minimizing costs by assuming a higher level of risk and
MANAGING THE RISK appropriately.
The alternative to NOT making the required improvements while in crisis mode is
SHUTDOWN MODE, where stripping is halted and exposed ore is mined to
depletion.
Figure 2-1
Open Pit Mine Planning Flowsheet
Block
Model
Parameters for
Economic
Analysis
(Including, but not limited to)
Processing
Cost/ton Ore
G&A
Cost/ton Ore
Smltng/Refining
Costs
Incremental Haul
Cost for Depth
Processing
Recoveries
Ore Discounting
Strategy
Smltng/Refining
Recoveries
Commodity
Price(s)
IR Pit Slopes
by Sectors
Ramp-Equivalent
Slopes
Economic
Analysis
(Including, but not limited to)
Definition of
Final Pit Limits
Identification of
Expansion
Potential
Assessment of
Pit Limit
Sensitivity
Internal Analysis
for Definition of
Extraction
Sequence
Preliminary
Ultimate Pit
(with ramps)
Pushback
Design
(with ramps)
Geotechnical
Review
Confirmation *
of Ultimate Pit
Design
Sterilization
Analysis
Phased (minable)
Reserves
Mining Rate
Definition
Cutoff Grade
Strategy
Extraction
Sequence
Definition
Mine Production
Schedule
Stripped Ore
Inventory
Annual Pit
Composites
Design of
Ex-Pit Access
Geotechnical
Review
Annual Waste
Dump Designs
Geotechnical
Review
Completed *
Mine Plan
* Subject to confirmation of economic and physical parameter assumptions through comparison of the designed pit with the base cone and
comparison of subsequent detailed capital and operating cost calculations with the estimated costs used in the analysis.
Figure 2-2
Open Pit Capital and Operating Cost Flowsheet
Completed
Mine Plan
Mining
Rate
Power Cost/
Availability
Selectivity
Requirements
Material
Properties
Haul Profile
Measurements
Support Equip.
Productivity
Equipment
Selection
Loading Unit
Productivity
Haul Truck
Productivity
Equipment
Operating Shifts
by Mining Period
Equipment Life
& Replacement
Scedules
Availability and
Use of Availability
by Mining Period
Utilization as a
Function of
Oprtg. Geometry
Equipment
Requirements
by Mining Period
Bid Document
Preparation and
Solicitation of
Bids for Mining
Equipment
Mine Equipment
Capital &
Replacement
Cost for each
Mining Period
Equipment
Operating Cost
per Shift
Salaried
Labor (rates,
burden, &
requirements)
Operating
Labor (rates,
burden, &
requirements)
Maintenance
Labor (rates,
burden, &
requirements)
Mine Admin.
Cost for each
Mining Period
Operating Labor
Cost by Mining
Function for each
Mining Period
Maint. Labor *
Cost by Mining
Function for each
Mining Period
Operating Cost
Summary by
Mining Function
for each
Mining Period
Mine Facilities
Capital Cost
Preproduction
Stripping Cost
Mine Capital &
Replacement
Cost Summary
Financial
Analysis
Confirmation of
Minable
Reserves
Repair Parts *
& Consumables
Cost by Mining
Function for each
Mining Period
3.0
Pit limits are most sensitive to commodity price and processing recovery and are
not usually highly sensitive to mining costs. However, if a fixed mining cost is used
to define limits for a deep pit, material contained in the lower benches may not be
economic because of the cost of lifting it to the pit exit. In addition, pit slope angles
can have a major impact on economic pit limits, particularly with deep pits. Minerelated parameters for the economic definition of pit limits consist of:
3.1
Mining costs
o Base mine operating cost
o Incremental haulage cost
o Stockpile rehandling cost
o Mine equipment replacement cost
Pit slope angles
Minimum mining radius
Impact of high-grade zones
Mining Costs
In many instances, a constant mine operating cost is used for all benches and this
might result in:
The depth of the final pit being below the actual economic limits.
The lower benches of internal pushbacks, based on economic runs at lower
commodity prices, may not be viable at that price.
Mining costs for economic pit evaluation should consist of two components:
Open pit mine planning is, by nature, an iterative process and this cannot be
emphasized too highly. With todays computer hardware and software, the
generation of economic pit runs (floating cone, lerchs-grossman, etc.) is fast and
inexpensive. As an initial step, a first pass using fixed mining costs and fixed
slopes is highly recommended. This will give an idea as to the scale of operations
(ore and total material mining rates), the relationship of the pit to surface
topography, and the orientation of pit walls with respect to geology.
All things being equal, mining costs are a function of the mining rate and the
haulage distance. Costs for larger operations are cheaper, due to economy of
scale, and longer hauls are obviously more expensive than short ones. The easiest
7
way to look at haulage costs is to use the equivalent distance method in which
ramp distances are converted to equivalent flat haul (EFH) distances using the ratio
of the flat haul truck speed to that of the various ramp truck speeds. A typical EFH
calculation is shown in Table 3-1.
The non-haulage component of the operating cost may be obtained either from
operations of comparable size or from various published sources. Defining the
base haulage cost can be an iterative exercise, particularly if in-pit
crushing/conveying is to be utilized. For a first-pass effort, use the initial cone runs
recommended above, look at the main pit exit elevation(s) and estimate an EFH
distance. Note that there may be multiple base distances (ore, leach, waste, etc.),
possibly from multiple pit exits in high relief topography situations. Use an
appropriate cost per equivalent distance to calculate a base haul cost, which
consists of haulage on the bench and the ex-pit distance to the destination, but
NOT the incremental haul cost associated with the bench elevation.
Incremental haulage costs will vary as a function of the bench height, ramp
gradient, truck size, and hauling up or down. Waste may have to be hauled down
to an external dump elevation and ore/leach/waste may have to be hauled down to
an in-pit crusher elevation. Examples of incremental haul cost calculations for a 15meter bench height, a ten percent ramp gradient, and a range of truck sizes are
shown in Tables 3-2 (UP haul) and 3-3 (DOWN haul). Note that western US labor
rates have been specified in these tables.
In many instances, a variable cutoff grade strategy is utilized in the mine plan,
which raises the cutoff grade during the early years and stockpiles the low grade
material for processing at the end of mine life. In this situation, both a stockpile
rehandling cost and the potential for reduction in metallurgical recovery
(degradation with time) should be considered. Failure to do so will result in material
being stockpiled that should have been sent to waste in the first place.
Mine equipment replacement costs should be included in the economic pit analysis
because equipment is consumed in the process of mining.
Equipment
replacement cost will usually range between $0.07 to $0.15 per tonne mined, with
the low end being large-scale low-impact operations (coal) and the high end being
small-scale operations with highly abrasive material. Using a nominal $0.12 per
tonne is reasonable.
Table 3-1
Haul Profile Conversion to Equivalent One-Way (Loaded) Flat Haul
2,000 meters
100 meters
30 meters
10
%
10.0
40.0
26.0
kph
kph
kph
23.0
62.0
39.0
10.0
kph
kph
kph
kph
Equivalent Dist
Travel Time
Loaded EFH
Acceleration
Flat haul dist
Upramp haul dist
Downramp haul dist
Deceleration
50
600
1,000
300
50
meters
meters
meters
meters
meters
X
X
X
X
X
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
kph
kph
kph
kph
kph
/
/
/
/
/
10.0
40.0
10.0
26.0
10.0
kph
kph
kph
kph
kph
=
=
=
=
=
200
600
4,000
462
200
5,462
EqM
EqM
EqM
EqM
EqM
EqM
0.30
0.90
6.00
0.69
0.30
8.19
min.
min.
min.
min.
min.
min.
Return EFH
Acceleration
Flat haul dist
Upramp haul dist
Downramp haul dist
Deceleration
50
600
300
1,000
50
meters
meters
meters
meters
meters
X
X
X
X
X
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
kph
kph
kph
kph
kph
/
/
/
/
/
10.0
62.0
23.0
39.0
10.0
kph
kph
kph
kph
kph
=
=
=
=
=
200
387
522
1,026
200
2,334
EqM
EqM
EqM
EqM
EqM
EqM
0.30
0.58
0.78
1.54
0.30
3.50
min.
min.
min.
min.
min.
min.
/
Equivalent one-way haul @ 40.0
X
=
/
X
=
3.90
2
7.80
40.0
60
11.69
kph
7,796 EqM
11.69 min.
2
3,898 EqM or 3.90 EqKm
(total dist)
(loaded flat haul speed)
(per hour)
(travel time)
Table 3-2
INCREMENTAL HAULAGE COST ESTIMATE
(One 15-meter bench - UP haul)
Vertical
Total
Lift
Fall
Haul distance (meters) = 150
15
0
Ramp gradient =
10 %
Accel
0
10
0
10
0.38
Up
150
10
0
23
Down
0
26
150
39
Operating Labor
Base rate = 20.00 $/hr
Burden = 45.00 %
Total = 29.00 $/hr
Flat
0
40
0
62
Decel
0
10
0
10
Maintenance Labor
Base rate = 22.00 $/hr
Burden = 45.00 %
Total = 31.90 $/hr
Fixed Time
Passes =
0
Swing =
0 sec
Spot =
0 sec
Load =
0.00 min
Queue =
0.00 min
Dump =
0.00 min
Total =
0.00 min
Load Factor =
95 %
Efficiency =
50 min/hr
Diesel fuel =
2.500 $/gal
0.660 $/liter
Tire Life =
5,000 hours
Parts Factor =
1.00
equivalent kilometers
AGE ADJUSTMENTS
TRUCK OPERATING COST PER MACHINE HOUR
Life (hrs)
M&R Maint. Repair
Fuel
Tires
Oprtg.
from
to
Factor Labor Parts gal/hr
cost
Lube $/tire
cost
Labor
$/
ETKm
Drive
Model
Size
(tons)
Mechanical
Cat 777D
tonnes =
100
90.7
0
0
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000
1.00
0.30
0.50
0.75
1.10
1.30
24.19
7.26
12.10
18.14
26.61
31.45
21.65
6.50
10.83
16.24
23.82
28.15
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
45.83
45.83
45.83
45.83
45.83
45.83
7.75
7.75
7.75
7.75
7.75
7.75
9,375
9,375
9,375
9,375
9,375
9,375
9.38
9.38
9.38
9.38
9.38
9.38
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
137.80
105.71
114.88
126.34
142.38
151.55
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
50
50
50
50
50
50
44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22
3,811
3811
3811
3811
3811
3811
0.036
0.028
0.030
0.033
0.037
0.040
0.096
0.074
0.080
0.088
0.099
0.106
Mechanical
Cat 785C
155
tonnes = 140.6
0
0
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000
1.00
0.30
0.50
0.75
1.10
1.30
29.77
8.93
14.89
22.33
32.75
38.71
32.78
9.83
16.39
24.58
36.05
42.61
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
58.33
58.33
58.33
58.33
58.33
58.33
11.11
11.11
11.11
11.11
11.11
11.11
13,750
13,750
13,750
13,750
13,750
13,750
13.75
13.75
13.75
13.75
13.75
13.75
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
174.74
130.96
143.47
159.10
180.99
193.50
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
50
50
50
50
50
50
44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22
5,907
5907
5907
5907
5907
5907
0.030
0.022
0.024
0.027
0.031
0.033
0.078
0.059
0.064
0.071
0.081
0.087
Mechanical
Cat 789C
200
tonnes = 181.4
0
0
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000
1.00
0.30
0.50
0.75
1.10
1.30
34.29
10.29
17.15
25.72
37.72
44.58
41.88
12.56
20.94
31.41
46.06
54.44
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
77.08
77.08
77.08
77.08
77.08
77.08
13.88
13.88
13.88
13.88
13.88
13.88
22,500
22,500
22,500
22,500
22,500
22,500
22.50
22.50
22.50
22.50
22.50
22.50
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
218.63
165.32
180.55
199.59
226.25
241.48
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
50
50
50
50
50
50
44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22
7,622
7622
7622
7622
7622
7622
0.029
0.022
0.024
0.026
0.030
0.032
0.076
0.058
0.063
0.069
0.079
0.084
Mechanical
Cat 793D
240
tonnes = 217.7
0
0
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000
1.00
0.30
0.50
0.75
1.10
1.30
38.28
11.48
19.14
28.71
42.11
49.76
49.97
14.99
24.98
37.48
54.96
64.96
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
95.83
95.83
95.83
95.83
95.83
95.83
16.33
16.33
16.33
16.33
16.33
16.33
25,500
25,500
25,500
25,500
25,500
25,500
25.50
25.50
25.50
25.50
25.50
25.50
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
254.91
193.14
210.79
232.85
263.74
281.39
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
50
50
50
50
50
50
44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22
44.22
9,146
9146
9146
9146
9146
9146
0.028
0.021
0.023
0.025
0.029
0.031
0.074
0.056
0.061
0.068
0.077
0.082
Mechanical
Cat 797
380
tonnes = 344.7
0
0
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000
1.00
0.30
0.50
0.75
1.10
1.30
52.37
15.71
26.18
39.28
57.61
68.08
47.61
14.28
23.80
35.71
52.37
61.89
66.0
66.0
66.0
66.0
66.0
66.0
137.50
137.50
137.50
137.50
137.50
137.50
24.93
24.93
24.93
24.93
24.93
24.93
35,000
35,000
35,000
35,000
35,000
35,000
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
326.40
256.42
276.41
301.41
336.40
356.40
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
50
50
50
50
50
50
0.060
0.047
0.051
0.055
0.062
0.065
Total
Table 3-3
INCREMENTAL HAULAGE COST ESTIMATE
(One 15-meter bench - DOWN haul)
Vertical
Total
Lift
Fall
Haul distance (meters) = 150
0
15
Ramp gradient =
10 %
Accel
0
10
0
10
0.25
Up
0
10
150
23
Down
150
26
0
39
Operating Labor
Base rate = 20.00 $/hr
Burden = 45.00 %
Total = 29.00 $/hr
Flat
0
40
0
62
Decel
0
10
0
10
Maintenance Labor
Base rate = 22.00 $/hr
Burden = 45.00 %
Total = 31.90 $/hr
Fixed Time
Passes =
0
Swing =
0 sec
Spot =
0 sec
Load =
0.00 min
Queue =
0.00 min
Dump =
0.00 min
Total =
0.00 min
Load Factor =
95 %
Efficiency =
50 min/hr
Diesel fuel =
2.500 $/gal
0.660 $/liter
Tire Life =
5,000 hours
Parts Factor =
1.00
equivalent kilometers
AGE ADJUSTMENTS
TRUCK OPERATING COST PER MACHINE HOUR
Life (hrs)
M&R Maint. Repair
Fuel
Tires
Oprtg.
from
to
Factor Labor Parts gal/hr
cost
Lube $/tire
cost
Labor
$/
ETKm
Drive
Model
Size
(tons)
Mechanical
Cat 777D
tonnes =
100
90.7
0
0
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000
1.00
0.30
0.50
0.75
1.10
1.30
24.19
7.26
12.10
18.14
26.61
31.45
21.65
6.50
10.83
16.24
23.82
28.15
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
45.83
45.83
45.83
45.83
45.83
45.83
7.75
7.75
7.75
7.75
7.75
7.75
9,375
9,375
9,375
9,375
9,375
9,375
9.38
9.38
9.38
9.38
9.38
9.38
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
137.80
105.71
114.88
126.34
142.38
151.55
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
50
50
50
50
50
50
67.80
67.80
67.80
67.80
67.80
67.80
5,843
5843
5843
5843
5843
5843
0.024
0.018
0.020
0.022
0.024
0.026
0.096
0.074
0.080
0.088
0.099
0.106
Mechanical
Cat 785C
155
tonnes = 140.6
0
0
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000
1.00
0.30
0.50
0.75
1.10
1.30
29.77
8.93
14.89
22.33
32.75
38.71
32.78
9.83
16.39
24.58
36.05
42.61
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
58.33
58.33
58.33
58.33
58.33
58.33
11.11
11.11
11.11
11.11
11.11
11.11
13,750
13,750
13,750
13,750
13,750
13,750
13.75
13.75
13.75
13.75
13.75
13.75
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
174.74
130.96
143.47
159.10
180.99
193.50
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
50
50
50
50
50
50
67.80
67.80
67.80
67.80
67.80
67.80
9,057
9057
9057
9057
9057
9057
0.019
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.020
0.021
0.078
0.059
0.064
0.071
0.081
0.087
Mechanical
Cat 789C
200
tonnes = 181.4
0
0
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000
1.00
0.30
0.50
0.75
1.10
1.30
34.29
10.29
17.15
25.72
37.72
44.58
41.88
12.56
20.94
31.41
46.06
54.44
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
77.08
77.08
77.08
77.08
77.08
77.08
13.88
13.88
13.88
13.88
13.88
13.88
22,500
22,500
22,500
22,500
22,500
22,500
22.50
22.50
22.50
22.50
22.50
22.50
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
218.63
165.32
180.55
199.59
226.25
241.48
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
50
50
50
50
50
50
0.076
0.058
0.063
0.069
0.079
0.084
Mechanical
Cat 793D
240
tonnes = 217.7
0
0
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000
1.00
0.30
0.50
0.75
1.10
1.30
38.28
11.48
19.14
28.71
42.11
49.76
49.97
14.99
24.98
37.48
54.96
64.96
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
95.83
95.83
95.83
95.83
95.83
95.83
16.33
16.33
16.33
16.33
16.33
16.33
25,500
25,500
25,500
25,500
25,500
25,500
25.50
25.50
25.50
25.50
25.50
25.50
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
254.91
193.14
210.79
232.85
263.74
281.39
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
50
50
50
50
50
50
0.074
0.056
0.061
0.068
0.077
0.082
Mechanical
Cat 797
380
tonnes = 344.7
0
0
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000
5,000
10,000
25,000
50,000
75,000
1.00
0.30
0.50
0.75
1.10
1.30
52.37
15.71
26.18
39.28
57.61
68.08
47.61
14.28
23.80
35.71
52.37
61.89
66.0
66.0
66.0
66.0
66.0
66.0
137.50
137.50
137.50
137.50
137.50
137.50
24.93
24.93
24.93
24.93
24.93
24.93
35,000
35,000
35,000
35,000
35,000
35,000
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
326.40
256.42
276.41
301.41
336.40
356.40
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
50
50
50
50
50
50
0.060
0.047
0.051
0.055
0.062
0.065
Total
3.2
The impact of pit slopes on economic pit limits is obviously a function of depth.
Shallow pits will be relatively insensitive to slope angle, while deep pits must endure
a double hit, as any given slope acts through a greater vertical distance and higher
walls will, of necessity, have flatter slopes. Ignoring the influence of variations in
geology (slope sectors) and the number of ramp crossings in a wall can result in the
designed pit bottom being uneconomical and the total material contained in the
designed pit being considerably greater than that of the base cone.
As noted above, it is recommended that a set of initial cones should be run at
reasonable parameters, including a nominal fixed slope angle, say 40 degrees.
Much of the current software has the capability to project the geological data (rock
type) contained in the block model onto the resulting cone surface. As part of the
iterative nature of mine planning, these plots of wall geology should be given to the
rock mechanics experts for assessment and possibly revised slope angle
recommendations.
The final pit shell should be used to rough out a ramp system on the final pit wall.
This is not a design exercise all that is necessary is to define the number of ramp
crossings that are required for the various pit walls at the proposed ramp gradient.
Once the number of ramp crossings is known, the ramp-equivalent slope for any
given sector may be calculated as follows:
The resulting ramp-equivalent slopes (also including the results of the initial
geotechnical review) should be used in another pass at defining economic pit limits.
If the resulting shell is significantly different than the previous run, the geotechnical
review and ramp-equivalent slope calculation should be repeated. Such is the
iterative nature of mine planning.
Note that defining the location of ramps left on final pit walls may not be possible
without first designing the internal pushbacks.
The objective of the ramp-equivalent slope exercise is to have a designed ultimate
pit that is a reasonably close match to the base cone, both in terms of content and
geometry. Once this is realized, additional cone runs at the specified parameters
may be used with confidence for reserve sensitivity analysis and sterilization
analysis.
3.3
Most software for economic pit analysis has a provision to specify a minimum
mining radius in the initial parameters. In theory, a minimum mining radius will
minimize the effect of the software diving on isolated high-grade blocks in the
model, which may result in areas where the impact of adding access would render
the contained material uneconomic. However, the use of a minimum mining radius
should be approached with caution and common sense, as there are drawbacks to
its use.
It is possible, in either a strata-bound or a structure-limited deposit for a minimum
mining radius to force pit limits beyond the strata or structural limits (know your
software!). Conversely, an economic (cone) run with no mining radius constraint
may result in deep bulls-eyes or rat holes which that are uneconomic due to
access considerations.
Initial cone runs should be done without the application of a minimum mining
radius. If bulls-eyes occur and there is an obvious flat area that contains them, limit
a subsequent cone run to an artificial bottom slightly below the elevation of the flat
area. If the upper pit limits do not change significantly, it is apparent that the
material in the bulls-eyes does NOT influence them. The lower benches containing
the bulls-eyes may then be examined using an appropriate mining radius, specified
to approximate the impact of access.
3.4
High-Grade Zones
10
accessing high-grade earlier in the project life. In this case, it is prudent to modify
the model to reflect the tonnage and grade remaining AFTER the underground
excavation and to make a cone run on the revised model to ascertain if there is a
viable open pit operation remaining.
11
4.0
Pit Design
4.1
General
Developing an extraction sequence that mines the highest net value material
first.
The mechanics of pit design are explained, to varying degrees, in most of the
software packages currently available.
However, there are some basic
fundamentals that either have either been overlooked or not explained in sufficient
detail to avoid problems. These areas include:
12
4.2
Design of initial access (access to the top of the first pushback) is often
overlooked or minimized in feasibility estimates.
Pushback designs should be balanced. The design/insertion of an oversized pushback in the mining sequence can have a very serious negative
effect on the mine plan/cash flow.
Access
The mechanics of haul road design are covered in many references, with one of the
best being the Bureau of Mines Information Circular 8758 (Design of Surface Mine
Haulage Roads A Manual, 1977).
A good rule of thumb for road design width is 4-1/2 times the operating width of the
largest truck used. This gives a running surface of 3-1/2 truck widths plus truck
width, each, for ditch and berm. Just about all trucks are designed to handle a ten
percent gradient with a full load and ten percent is becoming the design standard
unless there are conditions, such as road base material that becomes incurably
slippery when wet and/or hazardous weather conditions, that dictate prudence.
In many feasibility studies, the design of the initial access is not given appropriate
consideration. Road pioneering is expensive (particularly in mountainous terrain)
and the expenditure is right up front in the cash flow. Accordingly, the access
should be designed where it will do the most good. This usually means that the
bulk of the access should be within the ultimate pit limits and it should be designed
to access pit exit points (crushers, leach pads, waste dumps, etc.) so that it may be
used for haulage in addition to accessing the initial mining area.
13
4.3
14
Reserve tabulations for the designed phases are the basis for developing mine
production schedules.
It is obvious that phased reserves must be mined from top to bottom (ore at the
bottom cannot be mined until the covering waste is removed). Mining the upper
waste from the first phase (preproduction stripping) exposes a quantity of ore that
must last until the waste covering the ore in the second phase is removed. Ore
uncovered in the second phase must last until ore in the third phase is stripped.
Similarly through all the phases to the end of mine life.
For a given ore production rate, the waste mining necessary to maintain a
continuous ore supply may be determined through trial-and-error methods. This is
extremely time consuming and efficiency is better served by defining the required
total material mining rates BEFORE initiating the scheduling effort.
In order to provide a reference point for subsequent estimates, it is absolutely
necessary to know the absolute minimum mining rate(s) required to yield a
continuous ore supply to the processing facility. These rates are a function of
pushback design and are independent of equipment. Operationally, the minimum
mining rate(s) must be exceeded due to the necessity of rounding UP to whole
equipment units AND the establishment of a prudent stripped ore inventory.
15
With the recent advent of equipment optimization software, it is quite possible that,
due to changing economic conditions, optimizing the use of an existing equipment
fleet results in a total material mining rate that is considerably in excess of the
minimum required to assure a continuous ore supply. Equipment requirements
should be first estimated for the minimum mining rate and subsequently optimized.
Moving material because the existing equipment fleet has the capacity to do so is
not always economically sound.
To calculate minimum total material mining rates, the first requirement is a
tabulation of ore reserves for each phase in terms of ore and total material
tonnages by bench from the top down. Individual phased reserve tabulations are
reviewed to define the elevation (bench) at which a continuous ore supply is
attained. This elevation is usually intuitively obvious, but it will vary by phase and
by cutoff grade within each phase (higher cutoffs will lower the elevation at which
continuous ore is attained). The selected elevation is used to separate each phase
into Stripping and Ore+Internal Waste volumes and subtotals are calculated for
each volume.
Figure 4-1 is a schematic depicting phased reserves with development of total
material mining rate requirements. As shown, the preproduction stripping for Phase
1 is 47 blocks of waste and 2 blocks of ore, which exposes 10 blocks of ore. The 2
blocks of ore mined during the preproduction period is stockpiled at the time of
mining and fed later to the processing facilities at the inception of processing.
In order to maintain a continuous ore supply, the 35 blocks of waste and the 3
blocks of ore contained in the Phase 2 stripping increment must be mined
concurrently with the 10 blocks of ore exposed in Phase 1. As shown, the total of
15 ore blocks yield a depletion time (ore years) of 3.0 years if mined at the rate of 5
ore blocks per year. Mining the 50 blocks of total material in 3 years yields a
minimum mining rate of 16.7 blocks per year. Mining at less than this 16.7
block/year rate will result in a shortfall of ore to the processing facility.
The rate calculated by this procedure is by definition a MINIMUM total material
mining rate and the rate used for scheduling may have to be higher. The procedure
assumes that the ore distribution within each increment is constant and significant
deviations within the increments may require rate changes. It is usually prudent to
insert a cushion into the first configuration, with the size of the cushion a function of
the scale of operations. For a 3-year depletion time, a 3 to 6-month cushion is
appropriate. Adding a 6-month cushion means that the Phase 2 stripping is
completed 6 months before the Phase 1 ore is depleted. Reducing the ore years
by 6 months yields 2.5 years in which the 50 total material blocks must be mined,
increasing the total material mining rate from 16.7 blocks/year to 20.0 blocks/year.
Once this cushion is inserted, it remains for the duration of the life-of-mine
schedule. Note that any smoothing of the mining rate by advance stripping
automatically inserts an ore supply cushion, which is in addition to any cushion
manually inserted.
16
As shown in Figure 4-1, the basic total material mining rates are 3.0 years @ 16.7
blocks/year followed by 2.6 years @ 21.5 followed by 3.8 years @ 19.7 followed by
4.0 years @ 26.3 and ending with 2.6 years @ 5.4. These fluctuations in the total
material mining rate may be smoothed by advance stripping of waste. The 3.0
years @ 16.7 followed by 2.6 years @ 21.5 may be smoothed to 5.6 years @ 18.9.
Similarly, the 3.8 years @ 19.7 followed by 4.0 years @ 26.3 may be smoothed to
7.8 years @ 23.1. Note that the 2.6 years @ 21,5 followed by 3.8 years @ 19.7
CANNOT be smoothed as this would require deferral of waste.
Figure 4-2 has been included to answer the question Why are mining phases
necessary?
In Figure 4-3, additional smoothing has been implemented, resulting in the first 13.4
years being mined at a constant total material rate of 21.3 blocks per year. The
optimum degree of smoothing is a trade-off between moving waste (costs) forward
in time and purchasing equipment to cover mining rate spikes that may be of
shorter duration that the equipment life. Mine planning, of necessity, is an iterative
process.
Figures 4-4 and 4-5 deal with the concept of balanced phase designs. It is very
easy to design phases that do not schedule comfortably, particularly when
attempting to match phase limits with cone shells based on specific commodity
prices. The phases shown in Figure 4-4 integrate well and the resulting mining rate
calculation requires only minimal smoothing.
The phases in Figure 4-5, contained within the same ultimate pit as in Figure 4-4,
do not integrate well at all. Phase 1 is too small and does not expose sufficient ore
to carry the Phase 2 stripping at a reasonable rate. The total material mining rate of
1.4 years @ 35.7 blocks/year CANNOT be smoothed and buying or leasing mining
equipment for this short-term rate spike is probably not a viable option because a
re-design should solve the problem. In addition, Phase 3 is too small with respect
to Phases 2 and 4. While this disparity is readily dealt with by smoothing (advance
stripping), Phase 3 should be widened at the expense of Phase 4.
17
Figure 4-1
Total Material Mining Rate Derivation (1)
Surface Topography
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
Strip = 47 Waste + 2 Ore
Ore = 10
PHASE 3
Strip = 35 Waste
PHASE 4
+ 3 Ore
Strip = 43 Waste
PHASE 5
+ 2 Ore
Strip = 56 Waste
+ 4 Ore
Strip = 85 Waste
+ 3 Ore
Ore = 11
Ore = 15
Ore =
Ore = 17
Waste = 1
Ore = 13
Increment
Phase 1 Strip (PP)
From Stkpl
Phase 1 Ore+IW
Phase 2 Strip
Phase 2 Ore+IW
Phase 3 Strip
Phase 3 Ore+IW
Phase 4 Strip
Phase 4 Ore+IW
Phase 5 Strip
Phase 5 Ore+IW
Ore Years @
5 blocks/year
Total Blocks
Total Mtrl.
Mining Rate
Blocks/Year
Stockpiled
49
As Reqd (3)
3.0
2
10
38
50
16.7
2.6
11
45
56
21.5
3.8
15
60
75
19.7
17
3
20
4.0
17
88
105
26.3
13
2.6
14
5.4
Ore Blocks
2
2
10
3
15
11
2
13
15
4
19
As Reqd (3)
5.6
106
18.9
7.8
180
23.1
2.6
14
5.4
COMMENTS:
(1) Preliminary mining rate calculations are utilized to develop an initial mine production schedule for review and discussion. Rates calculated by this procedure are
MINIMUM total material mining rates necessary to ensure ore continuity. Appropriate cushions may be added/assessed using the same procedure. A 6-month
cushion in the first configuration reduces the ore years from 3.0 to 2.5 and increases the mining rate from 16.7 to 20.0 blocks/year.
(2) The continuous ore elevation is defined by an examination of the phased reserve tabulations by descending bench. The elevation is used to subdivide each
phase into Stripping and Ore+Internal Waste volumes. Note that the elevation will vary by phase (as shown) and by cutoff grade within each phase (higher cutoffs
will lower the elevation at which continuous ore is attained).
(3) As shown, the peak (smoothed) total material mining rate is approximately 20 blocks per year and the preproduction stripping rate should be in the same vicinity.
Pioneering and initial access considerations could reduce the rate, while short haul distances could increase the rate. Acordingly, the preproduction stripping
period will be in the VICINITY of 49 blocks / 20 blocks/year = 2.45 years.
(4) Once a production schedule is developed from the above calculated mining rates, waste tonnnage may be shifted as necessary to optimize haul truck
requirements.
Figure 4-2
Total Material Mining Rate Derivation (1)
(No Mining Phases)
Surface Topography
Ore =
Increment
Stripping (PP)
Stripped
Ore & Internal Waste
Ore Blocks
Ore Years @
5 blocks/year
80
80
16.0
Total Blocks
Total Mtrl.
Mining Rate
Blocks/Year
202
As Reqd (3)
145
145
9.1
COMMENTS:
(1) Preliminary mining rate calculations are utilized to develop an initial mine production schedule for review and discussion.
(2) Elevation at which a continuous, sustainable ore supply is reached. Elevation subdivides deposit into an upper stripping section and a lower ore plus
internal waste section.
(3) Unless a contractor is utilized or sufficient equipment is purchased, the preproduction stripping period would be 202 blocks / 9.1 blocks/year = 22.2 years.
Note that the 22.2 years of stripping is obviously WITHOUT revenue.
Figure 4-3
Total Material Mining Rate Derivation (5)
(Maximum smoothing)
Surface Topography
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
Strip = 47 Waste + 2 Ore
Ore = 10
PHASE 3
Strip = 35 Waste
PHASE 4
+ 3 Ore
Strip = 43 Waste
PHASE 5
+ 2 Ore
Strip = 56 Waste
+ 4 Ore
Strip = 85 Waste
+ 3 Ore
Ore = 11
Ore = 15
Ore =
Ore = 17
Waste = 1
Ore = 13
Increment
Phase 1 Strip (PP)
From Stkpl
Phase 1 Ore+IW
Phase 2 Strip
Phase 2 Ore+IW
Phase 3 Strip
Phase 3 Ore+IW
Phase 4 Strip
Phase 4 Ore+IW
Phase 5 Strip
Phase 5 Ore+IW
Ore Years @
5 blocks/year
Total Blocks
Total Mtrl.
Mining Rate
Blocks/Year
Stockpiled
49
As Reqd (7)
3.0
2
10
38
50
16.7
2.6
11
45
56
21.5
3.8
15
60
75
19.7
17
3
20
4.0
17
88
105
26.3
13
2.6
14
5.4
Ore Blocks
2
2
10
3
15
11
2
13
15
4
19
As Reqd (7)
13.4
286
21.3
2.6
14
5.4
COMMENTS:
(5) Preliminary mining rate calculations are utilized to develop an initial mine production schedule for review and discussion. Rates calculated by this procedure are
MINIMUM total material mining rates necessary to ensure ore continuity. Appropriate cushions may be added/assessed using the same procedure. A 6-month
cushion in the first configuration reduces the ore years from 3.0 to 2.5 and increases the mining rate from 16.7 to 20.0 blocks/year.
(6) The continuous ore elevation is defined by an examination of the phased reserve tabulations by descending bench. The elevation is used to subdivide each
phase into Stripping and Ore+Internal Waste volumes. Note that the elevation will vary by phase (as shown) and by cutoff grade within each phase (higher cutoffs
will lower the elevation at which continuous ore is attained).
(7) As shown, the peak (smoothed) total material mining rate is approximately 20 blocks per year and the preproduction stripping rate should be in the same vicinity.
Pioneering and initial access considerations could reduce the rate, while short haul distances could increase the rate. Acordingly, the preproduction stripping
period will be in the VICINITY of 49 blocks / 20 blocks/year = 2.45 years.
(8) Once a production schedule is developed from the above calculated mining rates, waste tonnnage may be shifted as necessary to optimize haul truck
requirements.
Figure 4-4
Concept of "Balanced" Phase Designs
Phase Designs Balanced
Surface Topography
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
Strip = 47 Waste + 2 Ore
Ore = 10
PHASE 3
Strip = 39 Waste
+ 4 Ore
Strip = 50 Waste
PHASE 4
+ 2 Ore
Strip = 66 Waste
+ 2 Ore
Ore = 12
Ore = 20
Waste = 1
Ore =18
Ore =
Increment
Phase 1 Strip (PP)
From Stkpl
Phase 1 Ore+IW
Phase 2 Strip
Ore Years @
5 blocks/year
Total Blocks
Total Mtrl.
Mining Rate
Blocks/Year
Stockpiled
49
As Reqd
3.2
2
10
43
55
17.2
2.8
12
52
64
22.9
20
2
22
4.4
20
68
88
20.0
18
3.6
19
5.3
72
14.0
275
19.6
Ore Blocks
2
2
10
4
16
6.0
Phase 2 Ore+IW
Phase 3 Strip
Phase 3 Ore+IW
Phase 4 Strip
Phase 4 Ore+IW
12
2
14
49
As Reqd
119
19.8
Figure 4-5
Concept of "Balanced" Phase Designs
Phase Designs NOT Balanced
Surface Topography
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
Strip = 33 Waste + 2 Ore
PHASE 3
Strip = 43 Waste
+ 2 Ore
Ore = 3
Strip = 48 Waste
+ 3 Ore
PHASE 4
Strip = 78 Waste
+ 4 Ore
Ore = 18
Ore = 16
Continuous ore supply elevation
One block =
Waste = 1
Ore = 22
Ore =
Increment
Ore Years @
5 blocks/year
Total Blocks
Total Mtrl.
Mining Rate
Blocks/Year
Stockpiled
35
As Reqd
1.4
2
3
45
50
35.7
4.2
18
51
69
16.4
16
4
20
4.0
16
82
98
24.5
22
4.4
23
5.2
72
14.0
275
19.6
Ore Blocks
From Stkpl
Phase 1 Ore+IW
Phase 2 Strip
2
3
2
7
Phase 2 Ore+IW
Phase 3 Strip
18
3
21
8.2
Phase 3 Ore+IW
Phase 4 Strip
Phase 4 Ore+IW
35
As Reqd
167
20.4
COMMENTS:
(1) Phase 1 (preproduction) is too small and does not expose sufficient ore to carry the Phase 2 stripping at a reasonable mining rate.
(2) Phase 3 is also too small relative to Phases 2 and 4. While this is not a major problem (dealt with by advance stripping), Phase 3 should be widened
at the expense of Phase 4.
18
Figure 4-6
Phase Design Schematic
Topography
Surface
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
PHASE 5
PHASE 3
PHASE 4
= Waste
= Ore
Table 4-1
Preliminary Minimum Mining Rate Calculations
Unsmoothed Mining Rate
Phase Increment
from
Benches
to
no.
Mill Ore
ktonnes g/t Au
Years @
3,240
ktpy
Dump Leach
ktonnes g/t Au
Rate
ktpy
Total Material
Rate
Bench
ktonnes
ktpy
/year
PP Strip
4398
4230
29
416
3.57
100
0.41
7,916
1
1
2
PP Stkpl
Ore & IW
Strip
4224
4398
4164
4218
11
31
42
416
2,073
824
3,313
3.57
3.08
3.52
3.25
1.02
100
432
495
1,027
0.41
0.48
0.34
0.41
1,004
516
5,417
17,580
23,513
13
31
44
2,171
671
2,842
3.27
2.93
3.19
0.88
588
830
1,418
0.44
0.40
0.42
1,617
4,828
17,438
22,266
9
25
34
1,527
86
1,613
2.95
2.09
2.90
0.50
459
54
513
0.39
0.34
0.38
1,030
3,743
9,067
12,810
19
27
46
3,081
966
4,047
2.72
3.02
2.79
1.25
960
707
1,667
0.47
0.41
0.44
28
11,920
2.43
3.68
2,238
0.42
2
3
3
4
4
5
Ore & IW
Strip
Ore & IW
Strip
Ore & IW
Strip
Ore & IW
4212
4350
4164
4368
4218
4314
4152
4140
4170
4116
4224
4110
4158
3990
22,995
11
30
41
25,384
15
35
50
25,731
18
50
68
1,335
8,778
28,916
37,694
30,178
15
22
37
608
31,441
8,546
3.65
1,268
26,403
46
3.68
608
8,546
Table 4-2
Preliminary Minimum Mining Rate Calculations
(Assumes that Phases 1 & 2 and 3 & 4 can be combined)
Unsmoothed Mining Rate
Phase Increment
from
Benches
to
no.
Mill Ore
ktonnes g/t Au
Years @
3,240
ktpy
Dump Leach
ktonnes g/t Au
Rate
ktpy
Total Material
Rate
Bench
ktonnes
ktpy
/year
1+2
PP Strip
4398
4224
30
1,240
3.54
595
0.35
25,496
1+2
1+2
3+4
PP Stkpl
Ore & IW
Strip
4218
4368
4140
4188
14
31
45
1,240
4,244
757
6,241
3.54
3.18
2.83
3.21
1.93
595
1,020
884
2,499
0.35
0.46
0.40
0.41
1,297
10,245
26,505
36,750
13
27
40
4,608
966
5,574
2.80
3.02
2.84
1.72
1,419
707
2,126
0.44
0.41
0.43
28
11,920
2.43
3.68
2,238
0.42
3+4
5
Ore & IW
Strip
Ore & IW
4182
4314
4152
4110
4158
3990
19,079
7
16
23
1,236
12,521
28,916
41,437
24,086
8
16
23
608
31,441
8,546
3.65
1,268
21,441
23
3.68
608
8,546
4.5
A valuable tool in the review and monitoring of mine plans is the concept of a
stripped ore inventory, which is a summary of the readily available (stripped) ore at
the end of each mining period. The tool may also be useful in identifying areas in
which pushback redesign may prove beneficial. In a pushback mining sequence,
stripping of an initial pushback exposes a continuous ore supply, which must be
mined concurrently with the stripping portion of the next pushback in order to
provide the processing facilities with a continuous ore supply.
The combination of the ore plus internal waste portion of an initial pushback with
the stripping portion of the succeeding pushback forms a mining increment in which
the total contained material must be mined by the time the contained ore is
exhausted. In other words, the increments contained ore divided by the ores
processing rate yields the increment depletion time. The contained total material
divided by the depletion time yields the mining rate for that increment.
It is prudent to have a cushion in the mining rate so that the stripping of the
succeeding pushback is completed before the depletion time for the contained ore.
The cushion is insurance against such incidents as:
The magnitude of the cushion is both a function of the scale of operations and the
mode of ore processing. A large operation, in which it may take 3-5 years to mine a
pushback, will require a larger cushion than a much smaller operation. An ore
milling operation will require a larger cushion than a leaching operation. For a
large-scale porphyry copper milling operation, a cushion of six to 12-months is
appropriate. A larger cushion is not necessarily a bad thing - it just needs to be
recognized that all cushions have a cost in terms of advance stripping. At the onset
of crisis mode, the minimum stripped ore inventory is one of the first criteria that
should be reviewed.
When a pushback is stripped to a continuous ore supply elevation, the ore below
that elevation is added to the stripped ore inventory, which is drawn down until it is
either depleted or supplemented by the stripped ore from the next pushback. A plot
of the stripped ore inventory by mining period will yield a series of peaks and
valleys. The peaks are of no consequence, but the valleys are of significant
importance, as they show period in which problems might arise and also the
magnitude of the minimum stripped ore cushion. It is usually more meaningful to
19
express the stripped ore inventory in terms of time rather than tonnage (divide the
ore tonnes by the processing rate).
For simplicity, the example described below calculates and tracks the stripped ore
inventory for mill ore, only. In actual practice, defining stripped inventories for a
number of classifications that require either a continuous supply or delivery at a
specified time may be warranted. These categories might include:
Mill ores
o Hard ore
o Soft ore
o Mineralogy
o Co-product content
o Differential recovery
o Contaminants (clay, carbon, silica, lime, etc.)
Leach ore(s)
Waste having properties desirable for construction (aggregate, top dressing,
tailings dam, etc.)
20
21
inventory. Caution is advised with respect to sharing the stripped ore inventory
outside this select group if there is no corporate policy in place. Human nature is
such that an ambitious manager could make a name for himself by mandating that
any stripped ore cushion be eliminated from the mine plan. This will almost
certainly result in a reduced waste-to-ore ratio and a corresponding reduction in
operating costs. When disaster strikes, it is probable that this manager has moved
on to bigger and better things and three guesses who will be held responsible?
22
Table 4-3
Pushback Reserves
Pushback
1
Bench
Mill Ore
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktons
7400
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750
6700
6650
6600
Strip
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
131
121
21
30
4
109
566
1,142
2,047
4,183
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.370
0.396
0.330
0.392
0.345
1.222
0.404
1.387
0.417
0.513
0.592
0
0.00
118
0.00
264
0.00
330
0.00
672
0.00
1,042
0.00
613
0.00
1,608 134.00
3,952
30.17
6,515
53.84
7,821 372.43
8,268 275.60
8,274 ######
8,141
74.69
7,804
13.79
7,144
6.26
6,491
3.17
69,057
16.51
0
118
264
330
672
1,042
613
1,620
4,083
6,636
7,842
8,298
8,278
8,250
8,370
8,286
8,538
73,240
6550
6500
6450
6400
6350
6300
6250
6200
6150
6100
Ore+IW
3,267
4,911
5,854
5,947
5,448
5,685
5,760
5,937
6,000
5,069
53,878
0.562
0.664
0.613
0.847
0.720
0.746
0.915
1.064
0.854
0.884
0.800
5,665
4,964
3,880
3,471
2,787
2,149
1,827
335
0
0
25,078
1.73
1.01
0.66
0.58
0.51
0.38
0.32
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.47
8,932
9,875
9,734
9,418
8,235
7,834
7,587
6,272
6,000
5,069
78,956
Total
58,061
0.785
94,135
1.62
152,196
Pushback
2
Bench
Mill Ore
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktons
7700
7650
7600
7550
7500
7450
7400
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
6950
Strip
0
0
0
0
0
33
93
83
289
591
703
875
617
338
438
1,379
5,439
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.446
0.361
0.364
0.385
0.436
0.462
0.555
0.413
0.486
0.549
0.571
0.497
19
30
594
1,192
1,455
1,657
2,171
2,890
2,771
2,455
5,715
8,282
8,138
6,773
6,171
5,402
55,715
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
50.21
23.34
34.82
9.59
4.15
8.13
9.47
13.19
20.04
14.09
3.92
10.24
19
30
594
1,192
1,455
1,690
2,264
2,973
3,060
3,046
6,418
9,157
8,755
7,111
6,609
6,781
61,154
6900
6850
6800
6750
6700
6650
6600
6550
6500
6450
6400
6350
6300
6250
6200
Ore+IW
2,784
2,794
3,256
4,393
4,803
5,271
5,634
6,488
7,357
6,498
6,961
5,476
4,206
3,396
1,958
71,275
0.524
0.620
0.628
0.766
0.703
0.646
0.660
0.628
0.563
0.568
0.612
0.697
0.601
0.615
0.525
0.628
5,449
5,278
4,482
3,087
3,400
3,985
4,479
4,329
3,148
2,813
1,931
1,436
938
119
223
45,097
1.96
1.89
1.38
0.70
0.71
0.76
0.79
0.67
0.43
0.43
0.28
0.26
0.22
0.04
0.11
0.63
8,233
8,072
7,738
7,480
8,203
9,256
10,113
10,817
10,505
9,311
8,892
6,912
5,144
3,515
2,181
116,372
Total
76,714
0.618
100,812
1.31
177,526
Bench
Mill Ore
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktons
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750
Strip
94
372
442
378
293
34
20
294
559
748
2,006
2,553
2,809
10,602
0.474
0.446
0.480
0.466
0.451
0.829
0.570
0.498
0.455
0.426
0.555
0.658
0.584
0.559
7
325
765
1,404
2,037
2,996
4,342
4,666
9,122
10,284
9,142
8,622
8,316
62,028
0.07
0.87
1.73
3.71
6.95
88.12
217.10
15.87
16.32
13.75
4.56
3.38
2.96
5.85
101
697
1,207
1,782
2,330
3,030
4,362
4,960
9,681
11,032
11,148
11,175
11,125
72,630
6700
6650
6600
6550
6500
6450
6400
6350
6300
6250
6200
6150
6100
6050
Ore+IW
4,092
4,635
3,918
5,487
6,027
6,155
6,228
5,991
5,726
5,487
3,195
3,805
2,689
1,602
65,037
0.825
0.726
0.701
0.593
0.604
0.577
0.593
0.632
0.570
0.558
0.602
0.562
0.542
0.547
0.617
7,635
7,187
7,778
6,481
6,440
4,909
3,867
3,063
2,693
1,922
1,666
1,054
671
264
55,630
1.87
1.55
1.99
1.18
1.07
0.80
0.62
0.51
0.47
0.35
0.52
0.28
0.25
0.16
0.86
11,727
11,822
11,696
11,968
12,467
11,064
10,095
9,054
8,419
7,409
4,861
4,859
3,360
1,866
120,667
Total
75,639
0.609
117,658
1.56
193,297
Pushback
4
Bench
Mill Ore
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktons
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750
6700
6650
6600
6550
6500
6450
6400
Strip
0
0
0
0
0
811
777
1,185
1,702
1,021
977
517
1,285
1,712
1,509
1,520
2,069
1,749
2,692
3,310
22,836
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.350
0.479
0.494
0.599
0.738
0.513
0.479
0.402
0.443
0.478
0.413
0.393
0.415
0.480
0.543
0.482
216
1,189
2,080
2,948
3,129
2,861
3,134
4,891
5,750
7,085
6,823
7,382
7,434
7,264
7,727
8,086
7,688
8,005
8,414
8,248
110,354
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.53
4.03
4.13
3.38
6.94
6.98
14.28
5.78
4.24
5.12
5.32
3.72
4.58
3.13
2.49
4.83
216
1,189
2,080
2,948
3,129
3,672
3,911
6,076
7,452
8,106
7,800
7,899
8,719
8,976
9,236
9,606
9,757
9,754
11,106
11,558
133,190
6350
6300
6250
6200
6150
6100
6050
6000
5950
5900
5850
Ore+IW
4,994
5,003
4,538
5,889
5,427
4,591
5,250
4,748
3,264
2,580
539
46,823
0.504
0.561
0.656
0.657
0.658
0.614
0.667
0.674
0.631
0.554
0.499
0.620
6,725
5,791
5,566
3,694
3,535
3,214
1,598
1,484
1,219
533
0
33,360
1.35
1.16
1.23
0.63
0.65
0.70
0.30
0.31
0.37
0.21
0.00
0.71
11,719
10,794
10,104
9,583
8,962
7,805
6,848
6,232
4,483
3,113
539
80,183
Total
69,659
0.575
143,714
2.06
213,373
Bench
Mill Ore
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktons
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750
6700
6650
6600
6550
6500
Strip
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
53
40
124
145
102
0
2
2
362
1,116
1,958
0.511
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.416
0.320
0.447
0.368
0.378
0.753
0.000
0.849
0.481
0.673
0.493
0.518
508 127.00
690
0.00
1,219
0.00
1,474
0.00
521
0.00
1,188
0.00
1,872
0.00
2,394 299.25
2,975
56.13
3,063
76.58
3,236
26.10
3,793
26.16
4,310
42.25
5,177
0.00
5,232 ######
5,457 ######
5,422
14.98
5,007
4.49
53,538
27.34
512
690
1,219
1,474
521
1,188
1,872
2,402
3,028
3,103
3,360
3,938
4,412
5,177
5,234
5,459
5,784
6,123
55,496
6450
6400
6350
6300
6250
6200
6150
6100
6050
6000
5950
5900
Ore+IW
2,095
3,720
4,053
4,428
3,985
3,846
3,512
4,619
7,504
7,076
5,703
4,834
55,375
0.537
0.503
0.536
0.516
0.500
0.689
0.963
0.903
0.850
0.889
0.839
0.881
0.747
5,076
5,425
5,882
6,338
7,881
8,483
9,013
7,906
6,797
3,706
2,659
1,207
70,373
2.42
1.46
1.45
1.43
1.98
2.21
2.57
1.71
0.91
0.52
0.47
0.25
1.27
7,171
9,145
9,935
10,766
11,866
12,329
12,525
12,525
14,301
10,782
8,362
6,041
125,748
Total
57,333
0.739
123,911
2.16
181,244
Pushback
6
Bench
Mill Ore
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktons
7450
7400
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750
6700
6650
6600
6550
6500
6450
Strip
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
13
436
67
177
72
293
117
22
1,044
1,128
1,041
1,339
5,760
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.335
0.332
0.399
0.538
0.482
0.373
0.519
0.374
0.544
0.558
0.508
0.617
0.515
0.525
24
184
463
1,235
2,737
3,063
2,712
2,525
2,648
2,681
2,192
2,405
2,046
1,736
1,463
1,367
833
3,191
4,442
5,434
5,055
48,436
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
240.73
206.23
5.03
35.90
11.56
24.11
4.99
11.68
37.86
3.06
3.94
5.22
3.78
8.41
24
184
463
1,235
2,737
3,063
2,712
2,525
2,659
2,694
2,628
2,472
2,223
1,808
1,756
1,484
855
4,235
5,570
6,475
6,394
54,196
6400
6350
6300
6250
6200
6150
6100
6050
6000
5950
5900
5850
5800
5750
Ore+IW
2,625
2,363
2,738
2,915
3,517
3,225
2,852
2,650
2,930
2,918
2,665
4,341
2,192
403
38,334
0.502
0.648
0.713
0.736
0.622
0.698
0.710
0.694
0.732
0.721
0.648
0.701
0.575
0.698
0.673
3,883
2,902
2,093
1,595
759
961
991
646
355
225
65
759
1,019
190
16,443
1.48
1.23
0.76
0.55
0.22
0.30
0.35
0.24
0.12
0.08
0.02
0.17
0.46
0.47
0.43
6,508
5,265
4,831
4,510
4,276
4,186
3,843
3,296
3,285
3,143
2,730
5,100
3,211
593
54,777
Total
44,094
0.654
64,879
1.47
108,973
Table 4-4
Minimum Total Material Mining Rate Calculation
Ore processing rate =
50,000
Increment
Benches
From
To
No.
PB1 Strip
7400
6600
17
4,183
0.592
73,240
Stockpile
PB1 Ore+IW
PB2 Strip
6550
7700
6100
6950
10
16
26
4,183
53,878
5,439
63,500
0.592
0.800
0.497
0.760
3.48
4,183
78,956
61,154
144,293
15
13
28
71,275
10,602
81,877
0.628
0.559
0.619
4.48
116,372
72,630
189,002
14
20
34
65,037
22,836
87,873
0.617
0.482
0.582
4.81
120,667
133,190
253,857
52,759
7.1
11
18
29
46,823
1,958
48,781
0.620
0.518
0.616
2.67
80,183
55,496
135,679
50,795
10.9
12
21
33
55,375
5,760
61,135
0.747
0.525
0.726
3.35
125,748
54,196
179,944
53,754
9.9
14
38,334
0.673
2.10
54,777
26,096
381,500
0.656
20.89
957,552
45,838
PB2 Ore+IW
PB3 Strip
PB3 Ore+IW
PB4 Strip
PB4 Ore+IW
PB5 Strip
PB5 Ore+IW
PB6 Strip
PB6 Ore+IW
6900
7350
6700
7350
6350
7350
6450
7450
6400
6200
6750
6050
6400
5850
6500
5900
6450
5750
164
stpd x
41,498
42,157
Benches
per Year
0.592
145,377
0.681
Benches
per Year
73,240
Benches
per Year
4,183
0.592
73,240
343,166
0.654
18.79
902,775
Use
48,044
49,000
8.0
7.5
7.96
333,295
Use
41,869
42,000
6.8
6.2
197,789
0.635
10.83
569,480
Use
52,582
53,000
8.9
6.7
38,334
0.673
2.10
54,777
26,096
6.7
38,334
0.673
2.10
54,777
26,096
6.7
7.9
381,500
0.656
20.89
957,552
45,838
7.9
381,500
0.656
20.89
957,552
45,838
7.9
Table 4-5
Unsmoothed Mine Production Schedule Summary
Period
Pushback
PP
4,183
0.592
69,057
16.51
73,240
Year 1
Stkpl
1
2
4,183
13,871
209
18,263
0.592
0.619
0.376
0.610
0
13,729
10,008
23,737
0.00
0.99
47.89
1.30
4,183
27,600
10,217
42,000
0
2
15,805
2,458
18,263
0.774
0.480
0.734
8,644
15,093
23,737
0.55
6.14
1.30
24,449
17,551
42,000
1
2
16,870
1,393
18,263
0.940
0.473
0.904
2,705
21,032
23,737
0.16
15.10
1.30
7,332
10,931
18,263
0.875
0.601
0.711
0
23,737
23,737
16,630
1,633
18,263
0.691
0.472
0.672
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
1
2
2
3
Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktons
Period
Pushback
Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktons
Year 11
3
4
14,749
3,514
18,263
0.604
0.433
0.571
8,050
26,687
34,737
0.55
7.59
1.90
22,799
30,201
53,000
Year 12
3
4
11,412
6,851
18,263
0.573
0.422
0.516
4,872
29,865
34,737
0.43
4.36
1.90
16,284
36,716
53,000
Year 13
3
4
5
19,575
22,425
42,000
8,096
10,102
65
18,263
0.552
0.510
0.344
0.528
1,989
21,596
11,152
34,737
0.25
2.14
171.57
1.90
10,085
31,698
11,217
53,000
Year 14
4
5
0.00
2.17
1.30
7,332
34,668
42,000
17,852
411
18,263
0.622
0.475
0.619
17,247
17,490
34,737
0.97
42.55
1.90
35,099
17,901
53,000
Year 15
4
5
13,816
9,921
23,737
0.83
6.08
1.30
30,446
11,554
42,000
16,781
1,482
18,263
0.652
0.537
0.642
8,301
26,436
34,737
0.49
17.84
1.90
25,082
27,918
53,000
Year 16
4
5
6
8,086
10,166
11
18,263
0.607
0.524
0.335
0.560
2,284
0.28
15,270
1.50
17,183 ######
34,737
1.90
10,370
25,436
17,194
53,000
Year 17
5
6
16,022
2,241
18,263
0.665
0.498
0.644
18,415
16,322
34,737
1.15
7.28
1.90
34,437
18,563
53,000
Year 18
5
6
14,755
3,508
18,263
0.873
0.543
0.810
19,806
14,931
34,737
1.34
4.26
1.90
34,561
18,439
53,000
Year 19
5
6
14,435
3,828
18,263
0.867
0.548
0.800
15,342
7,395
22,737
1.06
1.93
1.24
29,777
11,223
41,000
Year 20
18,263
0.690
6,241
0.34
24,504
Year 21
16,243
0.684
2,807
0.17
19,050
Total
385,686
0.655
645,108
1.67
1,030,794
Year 6
2
3
17,410
853
18,263
0.603
0.470
0.597
10,018
13,719
23,737
0.58
16.08
1.30
27,428
14,572
42,000
Year 7
2
3
17,515
748
18,263
0.621
0.426
0.613
5,669
18,068
23,737
0.32
24.16
1.30
23,184
18,816
42,000
Year 8
2
3
10,168
8,095
18,263
0.597
0.622
0.608
1,439
29,298
30,737
0.14
3.62
1.68
11,607
37,393
49,000
Year 9
3
4
17,405
858
18,263
0.698
0.357
0.682
20,103
14,634
34,737
1.16
17.06
1.90
37,508
15,492
53,000
Year 10
3
4
12,648
5,615
18,263
0.590
0.572
0.585
11,638
23,099
34,737
0.92
4.11
1.90
24,286
28,714
53,000
Table 4-6
Unsmoothed Mine Production Schedule
Period
Pushback
PP
Year 1
Stkpl
Year 2
Bench
7400
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750
6700
6650
6600
Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
0
0.00
118
0.00
264
0.00
330
0.00
672
0.00
1,042
0.00
613
0.00
1,608 134.00
3,952
30.17
6,515
53.84
7,821 372.43
8,268 275.60
8,274 ######
8,141
74.69
7,804
13.79
7,144
6.26
6,491
3.17
69,057
16.51
TotMtl
ktons
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
131
121
21
30
4
109
566
1,142
2,047
4,183
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.370
0.396
0.330
0.392
0.345
1.222
0.404
1.387
0.417
0.513
0.592
0
118
264
330
672
1,042
613
1,620
4,083
6,636
7,842
8,298
8,278
8,250
8,370
8,286
8,538
73,240
4,183
0.592
0.00
4,183
6550
6500
6450
3,267
4,911
5,693
13,871
0.562
0.664
0.613
0.619
5,665
4,964
3,100
13,729
1.73
1.01
0.54
0.99
8,932
9,875
8,793
27,600
7700
7650
7600
7550
7500
7450
7400
7350
0
0
0
0
0
33
93
83
209
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.446
0.361
0.364
0.376
19
30
594
1,192
1,455
1,657
2,171
2,890
10,008
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
50.21
23.34
34.82
47.89
19
30
594
1,192
1,455
1,690
2,264
2,973
10,217
18,263
0.610
23,737
1.30
42,000
6450
6400
6350
6300
161
5,947
5,448
4,249
15,805
0.613
0.847
0.720
0.746
0.774
780
3,471
2,787
1,606
8,644
4.84
0.58
0.51
0.38
0.55
941
9,418
8,235
5,855
24,449
7300
7250
7200
7150
289
591
703
875
2,458
0.385
0.436
0.462
0.555
0.480
2,771
2,455
5,715
4,152
15,093
9.59
4.15
8.13
4.75
6.14
3,060
3,046
6,418
5,027
17,551
18,263
0.734
23,737
1.30
42,000
Pushback
Year 3
6300
6250
6200
6150
1,436
5,760
5,937
3,737
16,870
0.746
0.915
1.064
0.854
0.940
543
1,827
335
0
2,705
0.38
0.32
0.06
0.00
0.16
1,979
7,587
6,272
3,737
19,575
7150
7100
7050
7000
0
617
338
438
1,393
0.000
0.413
0.486
0.549
0.473
4,130
8,138
6,773
1,991
21,032
0.00
13.19
20.04
4.55
15.10
4,130
8,755
7,111
2,429
22,425
18,263
0.904
23,737
1.30
42,000
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
Bench
Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktons
6150
6100
2,263
5,069
7,332
0.854
0.884
0.875
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
2,263
5,069
7,332
7000
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750
0
1,379
2,784
2,794
3,256
718
10,931
0.000
0.571
0.524
0.620
0.628
0.766
0.601
4,180
5,402
5,449
5,278
3,428
0
23,737
0.00
3.92
1.96
1.89
1.05
0.00
2.17
4,180
6,781
8,233
8,072
6,684
718
34,668
18,263
0.711
23,737
1.30
42,000
6800
6750
6700
6650
6600
0
3,675
4,803
5,271
2,881
16,630
0.000
0.766
0.703
0.646
0.660
0.691
1,054
3,087
3,400
3,985
2,290
13,816
0.00
0.84
0.71
0.76
0.79
0.83
1,054
6,762
8,203
9,256
5,171
30,446
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
94
372
442
378
293
34
20
1,633
0.474
0.446
0.480
0.466
0.451
0.829
0.570
0.472
7
325
765
1,404
2,037
2,996
2,387
9,921
0.07
0.87
1.73
3.71
6.95
88.12
119.35
6.08
101
697
1,207
1,782
2,330
3,030
2,407
11,554
18,263
0.672
23,737
1.30
42,000
6600
6550
6500
6450
2,753
6,488
7,357
812
17,410
0.660
0.628
0.563
0.568
0.603
2,189
4,329
3,148
352
10,018
0.80
0.67
0.43
0.43
0.58
4,942
10,817
10,505
1,164
27,428
7050
7000
6950
0
294
559
853
0.000
0.498
0.455
0.470
1,955
4,666
7,098
13,719
0.00
15.87
12.70
16.08
1,955
4,960
7,657
14,572
18,263
0.597
23,737
1.30
42,000
Pushback
Year 7
6450
6400
6350
5,686
6,961
4,868
17,515
0.568
0.612
0.697
0.621
2,461
1,931
1,277
5,669
0.43
0.28
0.26
0.32
8,147
8,892
6,145
23,184
6950
6900
6850
0
748
0
748
0.000
0.426
0.000
0.426
2,024
10,284
5,760
18,068
0.00
13.75
0.00
24.16
2,024
11,032
5,760
18,816
18,263
0.613
23,737
1.30
42,000
Year 8
Year 9
Year 10
Bench
Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktons
6350
6300
6250
6200
608
4,206
3,396
1,958
10,168
0.697
0.601
0.615
0.525
0.597
159
938
119
223
1,439
0.26
0.22
0.04
0.11
0.14
767
5,144
3,515
2,181
11,607
6850
6800
6750
6700
6650
2,006
2,553
2,809
727
0
8,095
0.555
0.658
0.584
0.825
0.825
0.622
3,382
8,622
8,316
7,635
1,343
29,298
1.69
3.38
2.96
10.50
0.00
3.62
5,388
11,175
11,125
8,362
1,343
37,393
18,263
0.608
30,737
1.68
49,000
6700
6650
6600
6550
3,365
4,635
3,918
5,487
17,405
0.825
0.726
0.701
0.593
0.698
0
5,844
7,778
6,481
20,103
0.00
1.26
1.99
1.18
1.16
3,365
10,479
11,696
11,968
37,508
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
0
0
0
0
0
811
47
858
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.350
0.479
0.357
216
1,189
2,080
2,948
3,129
2,861
2,211
14,634
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.53
47.04
17.06
216
1,189
2,080
2,948
3,129
3,672
2,258
15,492
18,263
0.682
34,737
1.90
53,000
6500
6450
6400
6,027
6,155
466
12,648
0.604
0.577
0.593
0.590
6,440
4,909
289
11,638
1.07
0.80
0.62
0.92
12,467
11,064
755
24,286
7050
7000
6950
6900
6850
730
1,185
1,702
1,021
977
5,615
0.479
0.494
0.599
0.738
0.513
0.572
923
4,891
5,750
7,085
4,450
23,099
1.26
4.13
3.38
6.94
4.55
4.11
1,653
6,076
7,452
8,106
5,427
28,714
18,263
0.585
34,737
1.90
53,000
Pushback
Year 11
6400
6350
6300
5,762
5,991
2,996
14,749
0.593
0.632
0.570
0.604
3,578
3,063
1,409
8,050
0.62
0.51
0.47
0.55
9,340
9,054
4,405
22,799
6850
6800
6750
6700
6650
0
517
1,285
1,712
0
3,514
0.000
0.479
0.402
0.443
0.000
0.433
2,373
7,382
7,434
7,264
2,234
26,687
0.00
14.28
5.79
4.24
0.00
7.59
2,373
7,899
8,719
8,976
2,234
30,201
18,263
0.571
34,737
1.90
53,000
Year 12
Year 13
Bench
Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktons
6300
6250
6200
2,730
5,487
3,195
11,412
0.570
0.558
0.602
0.573
1,284
1,922
1,666
4,872
0.47
0.35
0.52
0.43
4,014
7,409
4,861
16,284
6650
6600
6550
6500
6450
1,509
1,520
2,069
1,749
4
6,851
0.478
0.413
0.393
0.415
0.480
0.422
5,493
8,086
7,688
8,005
593
29,865
3.64
5.32
3.72
4.58
148.25
4.36
7,002
9,606
9,757
9,754
597
36,716
18,263
0.516
34,737
1.90
53,000
6150
6100
6050
3,805
2,689
1,602
8,096
0.562
0.542
0.547
0.552
1,054
671
264
1,989
0.28
0.25
0.16
0.25
4,859
3,360
1,866
10,085
6450
6400
6350
2,688
3,310
4,104
10,102
0.480
0.543
0.504
0.510
7,821
8,248
5,527
21,596
2.91
2.49
1.35
2.14
10,509
11,558
9,631
31,698
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
6950
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
53
65
0.511
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.416
0.320
0.344
508
690
1,219
1,474
521
1,188
1,872
2,394
1,286
11,152
127.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
299.25
24.26
171.57
512
690
1,219
1,474
521
1,188
1,872
2,402
1,339
11,217
18,263
0.528
34,737
1.90
53,000
Pushback
Year 14
6350
6300
6250
6200
6150
890
5,003
4,538
5,889
1,532
17,852
0.504
0.561
0.656
0.657
0.658
0.622
1,198
5,791
5,566
3,694
998
17,247
1.35
1.16
1.23
0.63
0.65
0.97
2,088
10,794
10,104
9,583
2,530
35,099
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750
6700
0
40
124
145
102
0
411
0.000
0.447
0.368
0.378
0.753
0.000
0.475
1,689
3,063
3,236
3,793
4,310
1,399
17,490
0.00
76.58
26.10
26.16
42.25
0.00
42.55
1,689
3,103
3,360
3,938
4,412
1,399
17,901
18,263
0.619
34,737
1.90
53,000
2,537
3,214
1,598
952
8,301
0.65
0.70
0.30
0.31
0.49
6,432
7,805
6,848
3,997
25,082
Year 15
Year 16
Bench
Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktons
6150
6100
6050
6000
3,895
4,591
5,250
3,045
16,781
0.658
0.614
0.667
0.674
0.652
6700
6650
6600
6550
6500
6450
0
2
2
362
1,116
0
1,482
0.000
0.849
0.481
0.673
0.493
0.000
0.537
3,778
0.00
5,232 ######
5,457 ######
5,422
14.98
5,007
4.49
1,540
0.00
26,436
17.84
3,778
5,234
5,459
5,784
6,123
1,540
27,918
18,263
0.642
34,737
1.90
53,000
6000
5950
5900
5850
1,703
3,264
2,580
539
8,086
0.674
0.631
0.554
0.499
0.607
532
1,219
533
0
2,284
0.31
0.37
0.21
0.00
0.28
2,235
4,483
3,113
539
10,370
6450
6400
6350
6300
2,095
3,720
4,053
298
10,166
0.537
0.503
0.536
0.516
0.524
3,536
5,425
5,882
427
15,270
1.69
1.46
1.45
1.43
1.50
5,631
9,145
9,935
725
25,436
7450
7400
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
11
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.335
0.000
0.335
24
0.00
184
0.00
463
0.00
1,235
0.00
2,737
0.00
3,063
0.00
2,712
0.00
2,525
0.00
2,648 240.73
1,592
0.00
17,183 ######
24
184
463
1,235
2,737
3,063
2,712
2,525
2,659
1,592
17,194
18,263
0.560
34,737
53,000
1.90
Pushback
Year 17
6300
6250
6200
6150
6100
4,130
3,985
3,846
3,512
549
16,022
0.516
0.500
0.689
0.963
0.903
0.665
5,911
7,881
4,623
0
0
18,415
1.43
1.98
1.20
0.00
0.00
1.15
10,041
11,866
8,469
3,512
549
34,437
7000
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750
6700
6650
6600
13
436
67
177
72
293
117
22
1,044
2,241
0.332
0.399
0.538
0.482
0.373
0.519
0.374
0.544
0.558
0.498
1,089
2,192
2,405
2,046
1,736
1,463
1,367
833
3,191
16,322
83.77
5.03
35.90
11.56
24.11
4.99
11.68
37.86
3.06
7.28
1,102
2,628
2,472
2,223
1,808
1,756
1,484
855
4,235
18,563
18,263
0.644
34,737
1.90
53,000
Year 18
Year 19
Bench
Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktons
6200
6150
6100
6050
6000
0
0
4,070
7,504
3,181
14,755
0.000
0.000
0.903
0.850
0.889
0.873
3,860
9,013
6,933
0
0
19,806
0.00
0.00
1.70
0.00
0.00
1.34
3,860
9,013
11,003
7,504
3,181
34,561
6550
6500
6450
1,128
1,041
1,339
3,508
0.508
0.617
0.515
0.543
4,442
5,434
5,055
14,931
3.94
5.22
3.78
4.26
5,570
6,475
6,394
18,439
18,263
0.810
34,737
1.90
53,000
6100
6050
6000
5950
5900
0
0
3,895
5,703
4,837
14,435
0.000
0.000
0.889
0.839
0.881
0.867
973
6,797
3,706
2,659
1,207
15,342
0.00
0.00
0.95
0.47
0.25
1.06
973
6,797
7,601
8,362
6,044
29,777
6400
6350
6300
2,625
1,203
0
3,828
0.502
0.648
0.000
0.548
3,883
2,902
610
7,395
1.48
2.41
0.00
1.93
6,508
4,105
610
11,223
18,263
0.800
22,737
1.24
41,000
Year 20
6350
6300
6250
6200
6150
6100
6050
1,160
2,738
2,915
3,517
3,225
2,852
1,856
18,263
0.648
0.713
0.736
0.622
0.698
0.710
0.694
0.690
0
1,483
1,595
759
961
991
452
6,241
0.00
0.54
0.55
0.22
0.30
0.35
0.24
0.34
1,160
4,221
4,510
4,276
4,186
3,843
2,308
24,504
Year 21
6050
6000
5950
5900
5850
5800
5750
794
2,930
2,918
2,665
4,341
2,192
403
16,243
0.694
0.732
0.721
0.648
0.701
0.575
0.698
0.684
194
355
225
65
759
1,019
190
2,807
0.24
0.12
0.08
0.02
0.17
0.46
0.47
0.17
988
3,285
3,143
2,730
5,100
3,211
593
19,050
Table 4-7
Smoothed Mine Production Schedule Summary
Period
Pushback
PP
4,183
0.592
69,057
16.51
73,240
Year 1
Stkpl
1
2
4,183
12,991
1,089
18,263
0.592
0.619
0.411
0.601
0
13,819
16,918
30,737
0.00
1.06
15.54
1.68
4,183
26,810
18,007
49,000
1
2
16,068
2,195
18,263
0.766
0.485
0.732
8,321
22,416
30,737
0.52
10.21
1.68
14,475
2,155
1,633
18,263
0.949
0.553
0.472
0.860
2,938
16,381
11,418
30,737
10,344
7,066
853
18,263
0.869
0.584
0.470
0.740
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
1
2
3
1
2
3
Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktons
Period
Pushback
Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktons
Year 11
3
4
13,447
4,816
18,263
0.589
0.420
0.544
10,307
20,430
30,737
0.77
4.24
1.68
23,754
25,246
49,000
Year 12
3
4
5
24,389
24,611
49,000
13,232
4,926
105
18,263
0.591
0.522
0.383
0.571
5,128
9,705
15,904
30,737
0.39
1.97
151.47
1.68
18,360
14,631
16,009
49,000
Year 13
0.20
7.60
6.99
1.68
17,413
18,536
13,051
49,000
3
4
5
9,908
7,984
371
18,263
0.574
0.525
0.478
0.551
3,739
6,518
20,480
30,737
0.38
0.82
55.20
1.68
13,647
14,502
20,851
49,000
Year 14
0
12,775
17,962
30,737
0.00
1.81
21.06
1.68
10,344
19,841
18,815
49,000
3
4
5
4,291
12,904
1,068
18,263
0.544
0.642
0.555
0.614
935
14,314
15,488
30,737
0.22
1.11
14.50
1.68
5,226
27,218
16,556
49,000
Year 15
4
5
6
12,034
6,229
0
18,263
0.643
0.514
0.000
0.599
4,736
12,167
13,834
30,737
0.39
1.95
0.00
1.68
16,770
18,396
13,834
49,000
Year 16
4
5
6
10,782
6,412
1,069
18,263
0.659
0.529
0.451
0.601
3,546
12,911
14,280
30,737
0.33
2.01
13.36
1.68
14,328
19,323
15,349
49,000
Year 5
2
3
15,509
2,754
18,263
0.696
0.520
0.669
12,357
18,380
30,737
0.80
6.67
1.68
27,866
21,134
49,000
Year 6
2
3
12,901
5,362
18,263
0.643
0.619
0.636
12,505
18,232
30,737
0.97
3.40
1.68
25,406
23,594
49,000
Year 7
2
3
4
11,079
5,596
1,588
18,263
0.565
0.798
0.413
0.623
1,634
9,967
19,136
30,737
0.15
1.78
12.05
1.68
12,713
15,563
20,724
49,000
Year 17
4
5
6
3,119
11,792
3,352
18,263
0.544
0.639
0.553
0.607
533
14,937
15,267
30,737
0.17
1.27
4.55
1.68
3,652
26,729
18,619
49,000
Year 8
2
3
4
9,684
4,671
3,908
18,263
0.600
0.718
0.603
0.631
3,110
7,912
19,715
30,737
0.32
1.69
5.04
1.68
12,794
12,583
23,623
49,000
Year 18
5
6
11,936
6,327
18,263
0.886
0.559
0.773
18,897
11,840
30,737
1.58
1.87
1.68
30,833
18,167
49,000
Year 19
Year 9
2
3
9,682
5,275
0.655
0.642
2,374
6,188
0.25
1.17
12,056
11,463
5
6
5,868
12,395
18,263
0.877
0.689
0.749
8,329
5,408
13,737
1.42
0.44
0.75
14,197
17,803
32,000
3,306
18,263
0.453
0.615
22,175
30,737
6.71
1.68
25,481
49,000
Year 20
5
6
8,718
9,545
18,263
0.856
0.714
0.782
3,591
2,182
5,773
0.41
0.23
0.32
12,309
11,727
24,036
5,354
0.582
342
0.06
5,696
Year 21
3
4
8,617
4,292
18,263
0.601
0.444
0.558
7,490
22,905
30,737
0.87
5.34
1.68
16,107
27,197
49,000
5
6
4,834
11,406
16,240
0.881
0.667
0.731
1,207
2,068
3,275
0.25
0.18
0.20
6,041
13,474
19,515
Total
385,683
0.655
645,108
Year 10
1.67 1,030,791
Table 4-8
Smoothed Mine Production Schedule
Period
Pushback
PP
Year 1
Stkpl
Year 2
Bench
7400
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750
6700
6650
6600
Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
0
0.00
118
0.00
264
0.00
330
0.00
672
0.00
1,042
0.00
613
0.00
1,608 134.00
3,952
30.17
6,515
53.84
7,821 372.43
8,268 275.60
8,274 ######
8,141
74.69
7,804
13.79
7,144
6.26
6,491
3.17
69,057
16.51
TotMtl
ktons
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
131
121
21
30
4
109
566
1,142
2,047
4,183
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.370
0.396
0.330
0.392
0.345
1.222
0.404
1.387
0.417
0.513
0.592
0
118
264
330
672
1,042
613
1,620
4,083
6,636
7,842
8,298
8,278
8,250
8,370
8,286
8,538
73,240
4,183
0.592
0.00
4,183
6550
6500
6450
3,267
4,911
4,813
12,991
0.562
0.664
0.613
0.619
5,665
4,964
3,190
13,819
1.73
1.01
0.66
1.06
8,932
9,875
8,003
26,810
7700
7650
7600
7550
7500
7450
7400
7350
7300
7250
7200
0
0
0
0
0
33
93
83
289
591
0
1,089
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.446
0.361
0.364
0.385
0.436
0.000
0.411
19
30
594
1,192
1,455
1,657
2,171
2,890
2,771
2,455
1,684
16,918
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
50.21
23.34
34.82
9.59
4.15
0.00
15.54
19
30
594
1,192
1,455
1,690
2,264
2,973
3,060
3,046
1,684
18,007
18,263
0.601
30,737
1.68
49,000
6450
6400
6350
6300
1,041
5,947
5,448
3,632
16,068
0.613
0.847
0.720
0.746
0.766
690
3,471
2,787
1,373
8,321
0.66
0.58
0.51
0.38
0.52
1,731
9,418
8,235
5,005
24,389
7200
7150
7100
7050
703
875
617
0
2,195
0.462
0.555
0.413
0.000
0.485
4,031
8,282
8,138
1,965
22,416
5.73
9.47
13.19
0.00
10.21
4,734
9,157
8,755
1,965
24,611
18,263
0.732
30,737
1.68
49,000
Pushback
Year 3
6300
6250
6200
6150
2,053
5,760
5,937
725
14,475
0.746
0.915
1.064
0.854
0.949
776
1,827
335
0
2,938
0.38
0.32
0.06
0.00
0.20
2,829
7,587
6,272
725
17,413
7050
7000
6950
338
438
1,379
2,155
0.486
0.549
0.571
0.553
4,808
6,171
5,402
16,381
14.22
14.09
3.92
7.60
5,146
6,609
6,781
18,536
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
94
372
442
378
293
34
20
1,633
0.474
0.446
0.480
0.466
0.451
0.829
0.570
0.472
7
325
765
1,404
2,037
2,996
3,884
11,418
0.07
0.87
1.73
3.71
6.95
88.12
194.20
6.99
101
697
1,207
1,782
2,330
3,030
3,904
13,051
18,263
0.860
30,737
1.68
49,000
Year 4
Year 5
Bench
Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktons
6150
6100
5,275
5,069
10,344
0.854
0.884
0.869
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
5,275
5,069
10,344
6900
6850
6800
2,784
2,794
1,488
7,066
0.524
0.620
0.628
0.584
5,449
5,278
2,048
12,775
1.96
1.89
1.38
1.81
8,233
8,072
3,536
19,841
7050
7000
6950
6900
0
294
559
0
853
0.000
0.498
0.455
0.000
0.470
458
4,666
9,122
3,716
17,962
0.00
15.87
16.32
0.00
21.06
458
4,960
9,681
3,716
18,815
18,263
0.740
30,737
1.68
49,000
6800
6750
6700
6650
1,768
4,393
4,803
4,545
15,509
0.628
0.766
0.703
0.646
0.696
2,434
3,087
3,400
3,436
12,357
1.38
0.70
0.71
0.76
0.80
4,202
7,480
8,203
7,981
27,866
6900
6850
6800
748
2,006
0
2,754
0.426
0.555
0.000
0.520
6,568
9,142
2,670
18,380
8.78
4.56
0.00
6.67
7,316
11,148
2,670
21,134
18,263
0.669
30,737
1.68
49,000
Pushback
Year 6
6650
6600
6550
6500
726
5,634
6,488
53
12,901
0.646
0.660
0.628
0.563
0.643
549
4,479
4,329
3,148
12,505
0.76
0.79
0.67
59.40
0.97
1,275
10,113
10,817
3,201
25,406
6800
6750
6700
2,553
2,809
0
5,362
0.658
0.584
0.000
0.619
5,952
8,316
3,964
18,232
2.33
2.96
0.00
3.40
8,505
11,125
3,964
23,594
18,263
0.636
30,737
1.68
49,000
Year 7
Year 8
Year 9
Bench
Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktons
6500
6450
7,304
3,775
11,079
0.563
0.568
0.565
0
1,634
1,634
0.00
0.43
0.15
7,304
5,409
12,713
6700
6650
4,092
1,504
5,596
0.825
0.726
0.798
3,671
6,296
9,967
0.90
4.19
1.78
7,763
7,800
15,563
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
0
0
0
0
0
811
777
0
1,588
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.350
0.479
0.000
0.413
216
1,189
2,080
2,948
3,129
2,861
3,134
3,579
19,136
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.53
4.03
0.00
12.05
216
1,189
2,080
2,948
3,129
3,672
3,911
3,579
20,724
18,263
0.623
30,737
1.68
49,000
6450
6400
2,723
6,961
9,684
0.568
0.612
0.600
1,179
1,931
3,110
0.43
0.28
0.32
3,902
8,892
12,794
6650
6600
3,131
1,540
4,671
0.726
0.701
0.718
891
7,021
7,912
0.28
4.56
1.69
4,022
8,561
12,583
7000
6950
6900
6850
1,185
1,702
1,021
0
3,908
0.494
0.599
0.738
0.000
0.603
1,312
5,750
7,085
5,568
19,715
1.11
3.38
6.94
0.00
5.04
2,497
7,452
8,106
5,568
23,623
18,263
0.631
30,737
1.68
49,000
6350
6300
5,476
4,206
9,682
0.697
0.601
0.655
1,436
938
2,374
0.26
0.22
0.25
6,912
5,144
12,056
6600
6550
2,378
2,897
5,275
0.701
0.593
0.642
757
5,431
6,188
0.32
1.87
1.17
3,135
8,328
11,463
6850
6800
6750
6700
977
517
1,285
527
3,306
0.513
0.479
0.402
0.443
0.453
1,255
7,382
7,434
6,104
22,175
1.28
14.28
5.79
11.58
6.71
2,232
7,899
8,719
6,631
25,481
18,263
0.615
30,737
1.68
49,000
Pushback
Year 10
6250
6200
3,396
1,958
5,354
0.615
0.525
0.582
119
223
342
0.04
0.11
0.06
3,515
2,181
5,696
6550
6500
2,590
6,027
8,617
0.593
0.604
0.601
1,050
6,440
7,490
0.41
1.07
0.87
3,640
12,467
16,107
6700
6650
6600
6550
1,185
1,509
1,520
78
4,292
0.443
0.478
0.413
0.393
0.444
1,160
7,727
8,086
5,932
22,905
0.98
5.12
5.32
76.05
5.34
2,345
9,236
9,606
6,010
27,197
18,263
0.558
30,737
1.68
49,000
Year 11
Year 12
Year 13
Bench
Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktons
6450
6400
6350
6,155
6,228
1,064
13,447
0.577
0.593
0.632
0.589
4,909
3,867
1,531
10,307
0.80
0.62
1.44
0.77
11,064
10,095
2,595
23,754
6550
6500
6450
6400
1,991
1,749
1,076
0
4,816
0.393
0.415
0.480
0.000
0.420
1,756
8,005
7,692
2,977
20,430
0.88
4.58
7.15
0.00
4.24
3,747
9,754
8,768
2,977
25,246
18,263
0.544
30,737
1.68
49,000
6350
6300
6250
4,927
5,726
2,579
13,232
0.632
0.570
0.558
0.591
1,532
2,693
903
5,128
0.31
0.47
0.35
0.39
6,459
8,419
3,482
18,360
6450
6400
6350
1,616
3,310
0
4,926
0.480
0.543
0.000
0.522
722
5,271
3,712
9,705
0.45
1.59
0.00
1.97
2,338
8,581
3,712
14,631
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
7000
6950
6900
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
53
40
105
0.511
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.416
0.320
0.447
0.383
508
690
1,219
1,474
521
1,188
1,872
2,394
2,975
3,063
15,904
127.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
299.25
56.13
76.58
151.47
512
690
1,219
1,474
521
1,188
1,872
2,402
3,028
3,103
16,009
18,263
0.571
30,737
1.68
49,000
6250
6200
6150
2,908
3,195
3,805
9,908
0.558
0.602
0.562
0.574
1,019
1,666
1,054
3,739
0.35
0.52
0.28
0.38
3,927
4,861
4,859
13,647
6350
6300
4,994
2,990
7,984
0.504
0.561
0.525
3,013
3,505
6,518
0.60
1.17
0.82
8,007
6,495
14,502
6850
6800
6750
6700
6650
124
145
102
0
0
371
0.368
0.378
0.753
0.000
0.000
0.478
3,236
3,793
4,310
5,177
3,964
20,480
26.10
26.16
42.25
0.00
0.00
55.20
3,360
3,938
4,412
5,177
3,964
20,851
18,263
0.551
30,737
1.68
49,000
Pushback
Year 14
6100
6050
2,689
1,602
4,291
0.542
0.547
0.544
671
264
935
0.25
0.16
0.22
3,360
1,866
5,226
6300
6250
6200
6150
2,013
4,538
5,889
464
12,904
0.561
0.656
0.657
0.658
0.642
2,286
5,566
3,694
2,768
14,314
1.14
1.23
0.63
5.97
1.11
4,299
10,104
9,583
3,232
27,218
6650
6600
6550
6500
2
2
362
702
1,068
0.849
0.481
0.673
0.493
0.555
1,268 634.00
5,457 ######
5,422
14.98
3,341
4.76
15,488
14.50
1,270
5,459
5,784
4,043
16,556
18,263
0.614
30,737
1.68
49,000
Year 15
Year 16
Bench
Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktons
6150
6100
6050
4,963
4,591
2,480
12,034
0.658
0.614
0.667
0.643
767
3,214
755
4,736
0.15
0.70
0.30
0.39
5,730
7,805
3,235
16,770
6500
6450
6400
414
2,095
3,720
6,229
0.493
0.537
0.503
0.514
1,666
5,076
5,425
12,167
4.02
2.42
1.46
1.95
2,080
7,171
9,145
18,396
7450
7400
7350
7300
7250
7200
7150
7100
7050
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
24
184
463
1,235
2,737
3,063
2,712
2,525
891
13,834
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
24
184
463
1,235
2,737
3,063
2,712
2,525
891
13,834
18,263
0.599
30,737
1.68
49,000
6050
6000
5950
2,770
4,748
3,264
10,782
0.667
0.674
0.631
0.659
843
1,484
1,219
3,546
0.30
0.31
0.37
0.33
3,613
6,232
4,483
14,328
6350
6300
6250
4,053
2,359
0
6,412
0.536
0.516
0.000
0.529
5,882
6,338
691
12,911
1.45
2.69
0.00
2.01
9,935
8,697
691
19,323
7050
7000
6950
6900
6850
6800
6750
11
13
436
67
177
72
293
1,069
0.335
0.332
0.399
0.538
0.482
0.373
0.519
0.451
1,757
2,681
2,192
2,405
2,046
1,736
1,463
14,280
159.73
206.23
5.03
35.90
11.56
24.11
4.99
13.36
1,768
2,694
2,628
2,472
2,223
1,808
1,756
15,349
18,263
0.601
30,737
1.68
49,000
Pushback
Year 17
5900
5850
2,580
539
3,119
0.554
0.499
0.544
533
0
533
0.21
0.00
0.17
3,113
539
3,652
6300
6250
6200
6150
2,069
3,985
3,846
1,892
11,792
0.516
0.500
0.689
0.963
0.639
0
7,190
7,747
0
14,937
0.00
1.80
2.01
0.00
1.27
2,069
11,175
11,593
1,892
26,729
6700
6650
6600
6550
6500
117
22
1,044
1,128
1,041
3,352
0.374
0.544
0.558
0.508
0.617
0.553
1,367
833
3,191
4,442
5,434
15,267
11.68
37.86
3.06
3.94
5.22
4.55
1,484
855
4,235
5,570
6,475
18,619
18,263
0.607
30,737
1.68
49,000
Year 18
Year 19
Year 20
Year 21
Bench
Mill Feed
ktons
%TCu
Waste
ktons
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktons
6200
6150
6100
6050
0
1,620
4,619
5,697
11,936
0.000
0.963
0.903
0.850
0.886
736
9,013
7,906
1,242
18,897
0.00
5.56
1.71
0.22
1.58
736
10,633
12,525
6,939
30,833
6450
6400
6350
1,339
2,625
2,363
6,327
0.515
0.502
0.648
0.559
5,055
3,883
2,902
11,840
3.78
1.48
1.23
1.87
6,394
6,508
5,265
18,167
18,263
0.773
30,737
1.68
49,000
6050
6000
1,807
4,061
5,868
0.850
0.889
0.877
5,555
2,774
8,329
3.07
0.68
1.42
7,362
6,835
14,197
6300
6250
6200
6150
2,738
2,915
3,517
3,225
12,395
0.713
0.736
0.622
0.698
0.689
2,093
1,595
759
961
5,408
0.76
0.55
0.22
0.30
0.44
4,831
4,510
4,276
4,186
17,803
18,263
0.749
13,737
0.75
32,000
6000
5950
3,015
5,703
8,718
0.889
0.839
0.856
932
2,659
3,591
0.31
0.47
0.41
3,947
8,362
12,309
6100
6050
6000
5950
2,852
2,650
2,930
1,113
9,545
0.710
0.694
0.732
0.721
0.714
991
646
355
190
2,182
0.35
0.24
0.12
0.17
0.23
3,843
3,296
3,285
1,303
11,727
18,263
0.782
5,773
0.32
24,036
5900
4,834
0.881
1,207
0.25
6,041
5950
5900
5850
5800
5750
1,805
2,665
4,341
2,192
403
11,406
0.721
0.648
0.701
0.575
0.698
0.667
35
65
759
1,019
190
2,068
0.02
0.02
0.17
0.46
0.47
0.18
1,840
2,730
5,100
3,211
593
13,474
16,240
0.731
3,275
0.20
19,515
Table 4-9
Stripped Ore Inventory
Unsmoothed Schedule
Srtipped Ore Inventory
Months @
ktons
18,263 ktpy
End of
Period
Pushback
PP
53,878
Year 1
Year 2
Smoothed Schedule
Srtipped Ore Inventory
Months @
ktons
18,263 ktpy
End of
Period
Pushback
35.4
PP
53,878
35.4
40,007
26.3
Year 1
40,887
26.9
24,202
15.9
Year 2
24,819
16.3
Year 3
8,711
5.7
1
2
Year 4
63,356
41.6
Year 3
10,344
71,275
81,619
53.6
Year 5
46,694
30.7
Year 4
64,209
42.2
Year 6
30,437
20.0
Year 5
48,700
32.0
Year 7
17,536
11.5
2
3
Year 8
Year 8
Year 8
2
3
8,000
56,310
64,310
Year 6
Year 6
Year 6
35,799
65,037
100,836
66.3
42.3
2
3
Year 9
50,522
33.2
Year 7
Year 7
Year 7
24,720
59,441
84,161
55.3
Year 10
36,059
23.7
2
3
Year 11
21,017
13.8
Year 8
Year 8
Year 8
15,036
54,770
69,806
45.9
Year 12
8,092
5.3
2
3
Year 13
42,666
28.0
Year 9
Year 9
Year 9
5,354
49,495
54,849
36.0
Year 14
24,867
16.3
Year 10
40,878
26.9
Year 15
6,970
4.6
Year 11
27,431
18.0
Year16
45,198
29.7
3
4
Year 17
27,711
18.2
Year 12
Year 12
Year 12
14,199
46,823
61,022
40.1
Year 18
12,055
7.9
3
4
Year 19
34,506
22.7
Year 13
Year 13
Year 13
4,291
38,839
43,130
28.3
Year 20
16,243
10.7
4
5
Year 21
0.0
Year 14
Year 14
Year 14
25,935
55,375
81,310
53.4
Year 15
Year 15
Year 15
4
5
13,901
49,146
63,047
41.4
Year16
Year16
Year16
4
5
3,119
42,734
45,853
30.1
Year 17
30,942
20.3
Year 18
Year 18
Year 18
5
6
19,006
33,346
52,352
34.4
Year 19
Year 19
Year 19
5
6
13,138
20,951
34,089
22.4
Year 20
Year 20
Year 20
5
6
4,420
11,406
15,826
10.4
Year 21
0.0
Unsmoothed Schedule
End of Period
Smoothed Schedule
Year 21
Year 20
Year 19
Year 18
Year 17
Year16
Year 15
Year 14
Year 13
Year 12
Year 11
Year 10
Year 9
Year 8
Year 7
Year 6
Year 5
Year 4
Year 3
Year 2
Year 1
PP
Months
Figure 4-7
Stripped Ore Inventory
72
66
60
54
48
42
36
30
24
18
12
Table 4-10
Comparison of Unsmoothed and Smoothed Mine Production Schedules
Copper price =
Copper recovery =
Mining Cost =
Period
PP
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
Year 7
Year 8
Year 9
Year 10
Year 11
Year 12
Year 13
Year 14
Year 15
Year 16
Year 17
Year 18
Year 19
Year 20
Year 21
Unsmoothed Schedule
Mill Feed
Contained Cu
ktons
%TCu
(lbs x 1000)
4,183
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
16,243
385,686
0.592
0.610
0.734
0.904
0.711
0.672
0.597
0.613
0.608
0.682
0.585
0.544
0.516
0.528
0.619
0.642
0.560
0.644
0.810
0.800
0.690
0.684
0.654
TotMtl
ktons
49,502
73,240
222,808
42,000
268,149
42,000
330,191
42,000
259,737
42,000
245,372
42,000
217,908
42,000
224,028
42,000
222,030
49,000
248,956
53,000
213,547
53,000
198,837
53,000
188,623
53,000
193,009
53,000
226,089
53,000
234,647
53,000
204,634
53,000
235,362
53,000
295,729
53,000
292,123
41,000
252,018
24,504
222,227
19,050
5,045,528 1,030,794
0.75 $/lb
90 %
0.75 $/ton
Smoothed Schedule
Mill Feed
Contained Cu
ktons
%TCu
(lbs x 1000)
4,183
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
18,263
16,240
385,683
0.592
0.601
0.732
0.860
0.740
0.669
0.636
0.623
0.631
0.615
0.558
0.544
0.571
0.551
0.614
0.599
0.601
0.607
0.773
0.749
0.782
0.731
0.655
TotMtl
ktons
49,502
73,240
219,398
49,000
267,450
49,000
314,014
49,000
270,243
49,000
244,398
49,000
232,241
49,000
227,604
49,000
230,357
49,000
224,567
49,000
203,947
49,000
198,837
49,000
208,600
49,000
201,122
49,000
224,134
49,000
218,779
49,000
219,585
49,000
221,677
49,000
282,241
49,000
273,649
32,000
285,528
24,036
237,436
19,515
5,055,309 1,030,791
Difference
(Unsmoothed - Smoothed)
Contained Cu
TotMtl
(lbs x 1000)
ktons
$x1000
0
3,410
699
16,177
-10,506
974
-14,333
-3,575
-8,326
24,389
9,600
0
-19,976
-8,112
1,954
15,867
-14,950
13,685
13,488
18,475
-33,510
-15,210
-9,780
0
-7,000
-7,000
-7,000
-7,000
-7,000
-7,000
-7,000
0
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
9,000
468
-465
3
0
7,552
5,722
16,170
-1,842
5,907
-4,425
2,837
-5,620
13,463
3,480
-3,000
-16,484
-8,476
-1,681
7,711
-13,091
6,237
6,104
5,720
-22,970
-9,918
-6,604
18,776
19,165
17,848
4.6
23
of 28 million tonnes per year at the beginning of Year 3 and the inclusion of the high
grade leach as mill feed ceases after Year 4, when there is an adequate supply of
primary sulfide available. As shown, the minimum required total material mining
rate is 314,000 tonnes per day. A mining rate in excess of the calculated minimum
is desirable to build up a cushion of stripped ore (a six to twelve month cushion is
common for a large milling operation).
The third mining configuration extracts Pushback 2 ore and internal waste
concurrently with Pushback 3 stripping and the required minimum total material
mining rate is 300,000 tonnes per day. In the next two configurations, minimum
total material mining rates are 248,000 tonnes per day for 3.28 years, followed by
429,000 tonnes per day for 2.77 years. In this case, advance stripping may be
utilized to smooth the total material mining rate to 331,000 tonnes per day for 6.05
years. In the final configuration in the mine plan, the required minimum rate is
308,000 tonnes per day for 7.46 years.
These calculations confirm that the 350,000 tonne per day total material mining rate
used in the current mine plan is sufficiently in excess of the minimum required to
establish an adequate stripped ore cushion. However, due to lack of spare parts,
equipment availabilities are steadily declining and it is highly unlikely that the
targeted mining rate can be sustained. If the mining rate cannot be maintained at
325,000 tonnes per day or better, a major redesign of the pushbacks will be
required.
For the current situation, the area with the greatest potential for improvement would
be a reduction in the pushback design widths, with particular reference to
Pushbacks 2 and 5. Pushback 2 has a nominal 300-meter width, which was
deliberately done to access an area of higher grade at depth. It would appear to be
more advantageous to bring the mill up to full primary sulfide capacity two years
earlier than the current plan, albeit with slightly lower grade material. Assuming a
30-meter swing radius for a 4100 shovel and adding a full 9-meter truck width,
yields a 78-meter working width for double-side loading. Working two shovels
concurrently or a single shovel plus dropcut development requires 156 meters and
a 150 to 200 meter design width is reasonable.
In order to examine the potential from reducing the width of Pushback 2, Table 4-14
has been developed to calculate required minimum mining rates. The basic
assumption is that Pushback 2 has been reduced to a 200-meter width or 2/3 of the
current design. The outside 1/3 is added to Pushback 3 and 2/3 of that total is a
new Pushback 3. The remaining 1/3 is added to Pushback 5 (Pushback 4 is
positioned to the West and is not changed) and 2/3 of that total is the revised
Pushback 5. The leftover 1/3 is added to Pushback 6 and 2/3 of that total is the
new Pushback 6.
In the first configuration shown in Table 4-14, if the primary sulfide plus crush leach
tonnages identical to the current plan for Year 1, Year 2, Year 3 and Year 4 are
24
employed, the required mining rate is 253,000 tonnes per day, as compared to the
314,000 calculated as a minimum for the current plan and the 350,000 tonnes per
day currently scheduled. An alternative, shown in the second configuration, is to
bring the mill up to capacity with primary sulfide ore two years earlier (in Year 3
rather than Year 5), employing a mining rate of 340,000 tonnes per day, which is
essentially the same rate employed in the current plan. However, since the current
equipment fleet cannot produce at the 350,000 tonne per day rate, the reduced
total material mining rate alternative is the only viable approach. The magnitude of
the reduced total material mining rate, relative to the current plan, is shown in
Figure 4-8. The reduced rate alternative allows four years to rehabilitate/replace
the current mining fleet, which is necessary to attain the required 350,000 tonnes
per day.
Current ramps are designed at a 50-meter width and an eight percent gradient.
The 50-meter width is essentially adequate for a three-lane (two loaded, one return)
system. An efficient design width is 4.5 times the operating width of the largest
trucks in the fleet. The required running surface for two meeting (passing) trucks is
3.5 truck widths ( truck inside, 1 truck, truck between units, 1 truck, truck
outside). Adding truck width each for ditch and berm, brings the total to 4.5 truck
widths. With an 8 to 9-meter truck operating width, design width for ramps should
be 35-40 meters. Ramp gradients of 10 percent are now the standard for the
industry, unless adverse footing or weather conditions dictate otherwise.
The operation currently employs a 40-degree working slope in all areas.
Considerable savings could be realized if this slope could be increased to 45
degrees. Over the vertical depths of the remaining increments, which range from
400 to 550 meters, the impact of the five-degree steepening is 30,000 to 60,000
tonnes per meter of wall length. It is possible to pick the bench where a continuous
ore supply is attained and then design both up and down from that backline at the
steeper angle. The results should be about the same total tonnage, but the
continuous ore tonnage will increase and the stripping volume will decrease.
Many times a ramp system is developed on an increment backwall from one pit exit
point to another and then is effectively abandoned for the short term (to be mined
out and replaced by the subsequent increment). If this ramp is left in ore, mining
out the ramp as soon as it is no longer required will recover ore that normally would
not be mined for several years. A five-bench 50-meter wide ramp at eight percent
contains about 4.5 million tonnes and the 50-meter width is easily mined with the
present equipment.
In summary, it is evident that a combination of reduced pushback widths,
steepened inter-ramp slope angles, reduced ramp widths, and increased ramp
gradients could yield significant dividends without unduly affecting productivity or
safety.
25
Table 4-11
Pushback Reserves
Satellite Pit
Bench
Primary
Sulfide
ktonnes
Crush
Leach
ktonnes
3695
3680
3665
3650
3635
3620
3605
3590
24
73
344
553
645
922
48
605
1,099
686
784
675
Total
2,561
3,897
ROM
Leach
ktonnes
Waste
ktonnes
Pushback 1
W:O
Ratio
Total
ktonnes
1,000
2,146
1,072
1,295
1,076
1,101
1,473
168
876
2,313
1,792
1,564
2,103
1,873
0.00
0.00
0.82
0.82
0.71
0.62
0.84
0.69
1,473
168
1,948
5,137
4,307
4,098
4,608
4,571
7,690
12,162
0.86
26,310
Bench
3845
3830
3815
3800
3785
3770
3755
3740
3725
3710
3695
3680
3665
3650
3635
3620
3605
3590
3575
3560
3545
3530
3515
3500
Total
Primary
Sulfide
ktonnes
Crush
Leach
ktonnes
ROM
Leach
ktonnes
Waste
ktonnes
268
73
143
259
515
1,363
1,564
1,213
1,770
2,978
3,698
3,418
3,652
3,951
3,990
4,060
3,578
3,779
2,711
1,725
7
392
2,489
2,432
3,046
2,852
2,936
3,012
2,680
2,663
1,900
882
748
432
585
262
244
27
0
0
0
0
13
1,131
3,399
2,857
3,693
5,497
4,756
1,905
1,869
1,804
2,044
1,443
765
932
1,012
651
486
18
0
0
0
0
121
272
1,061
3,234
4,385
5,566
5,716
5,663
4,301
3,222
3,296
2,591
2,355
1,700
1,536
547
84
0
252
104
30
0
0
0
44,708
27,589
34,275
46,036
W:O
Ratio
Total
ktonnes
0.00
0.00
53.05
2.12
0.71
1.04
0.83
0.66
0.52
0.51
0.54
0.46
0.41
0.32
0.29
0.11
0.02
0.00
0.05
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
121
272
1,081
4,757
10,541
10,928
12,598
14,271
12,508
9,502
9,409
8,271
8,069
7,003
6,747
5,329
5,333
4,864
4,972
4,209
3,608
3,779
2,711
1,725
0.43
152,608
Bench
3965
3950
3935
3920
3905
3890
3875
3860
3845
3830
3815
3800
3785
3770
3755
3740
3725
3710
3695
3680
Primary
Sulfide
ktonnes
Crush
Leach
ktonnes
ROM
Leach
ktonnes
Waste
ktonnes
Pushback 3
W:O
Ratio
Total
ktonnes
49
0
171
317
293
265
195
219
365
1,886
2,946
2,143
2,473
11,322
24
16
0
0
0
352
1,316
1,822
2,663
3,544
4,557
6,016
6,130
6,015
8,370
8,958
7,691
7,642
65,116
99
360
171
104
1,339
2,228
2,828
4,729
5,781
8,318
8,966
9,020
9,210
7,736
5,056
5,547
5,162
76,654
1,046
3,115
4,713
3,524
3,487
4,291
3,867
14,534
17,127
19,108
18,234
17,434
13,415
10,786
11,325
10,205
7,945
10,527
8,810
7,231
190,724
0.00
0.00
196.38
30.64
9.69
25.09
37.18
8.35
4.83
3.96
2.37
1.81
1.02
0.71
0.74
0.65
0.44
0.62
0.57
0.47
1.25
1,046
3,115
4,737
3,639
3,847
4,462
3,971
16,274
20,671
23,929
25,943
27,052
26,555
25,963
26,694
25,795
25,937
27,487
24,191
22,508
343,816
3665
3650
3635
3620
3605
3590
3575
3560
3545
3530
3515
3500
3485
3470
4,608
7,035
7,991
8,605
8,624
8,897
9,303
9,688
8,679
7,656
6,678
5,816
5,743
4,396
103,719
4,394
1,611
2,193
900
1,437
1,360
783
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12,678
5,263
3,366
1,842
2,560
2,497
2,352
1,657
125
0
0
0
0
0
0
19,662
6,524
7,260
6,240
5,336
4,054
2,733
1,924
1,652
914
612
135
24
198
0
37,606
0.46
0.60
0.52
0.44
0.32
0.22
0.16
0.17
0.11
0.08
0.02
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.28
20,789
19,272
18,266
17,401
16,612
15,342
13,667
11,465
9,593
8,268
6,813
5,840
5,941
4,396
173,665
Total
115,041
77,794
96,316
228,330
0.79
517,481
Bench
3950
3935
3920
3905
3890
3875
3860
3845
3830
3815
3800
3785
3770
3755
3740
3725
3710
3695
3680
3665
3650
Primary
Sulfide
ktonnes
Crush
Leach
ktonnes
ROM
Leach
ktonnes
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
Total
ktonnes
31
240
437
686
1,020
1,232
1,791
2,942
5,781
7,527
7,115
6,432
6,965
4,837
4,049
3,287
1,888
1,115
57,375
520
1,000
3,258
4,183
5,051
6,344
11,485
8,631
6,502
6,664
6,302
6,389
6,731
9,150
10,385
10,682
12,830
13,864
14,488
13,251
12,120
169,830
0.00
0.00
135.75
134.94
21.05
14.52
16.18
8.46
3.92
2.82
1.65
0.97
0.74
1.01
1.12
1.09
1.65
2.07
2.50
2.65
2.25
2.00
520
1,000
3,282
4,214
5,291
6,781
12,195
9,651
8,161
9,026
10,124
13,008
15,813
18,179
19,655
20,510
20,586
20,576
20,278
18,250
17,514
254,614
889
291
441
406
29
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,056
566
779
574
719
55
26
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,719
9,675
9,702
8,053
7,210
6,342
4,834
3,062
3,032
3,059
2,552
2,004
2,123
61,648
1.41
1.65
1.26
1.06
0.83
0.54
0.31
0.34
0.36
0.31
0.27
0.32
0.67
16,516
15,584
14,456
14,017
13,959
13,753
13,073
12,062
11,583
10,681
9,489
8,685
153,858
23,707
60,094
231,478
1.31
408,472
0
10
0
0
3
49
137
49
81
280
292
393
1,110
3,354
5,758
0
24
0
0
0
24
0
417
571
880
835
1,506
1,777
2,789
2,782
2,639
2,371
2,110
2,001
925
21,651
3635
3620
3605
3590
3575
3560
3545
3530
3515
3500
3485
3470
5,386
4,812
5,388
5,682
7,533
8,893
10,011
9,030
8,524
8,129
7,485
6,562
87,435
Total
93,193
Bench
3875
3860
3845
3830
3815
3800
3785
3770
3755
3740
3725
3710
3695
3680
3665
3650
3635
3620
3605
3590
3575
3560
3545
Primary
Sulfide
ktonnes
Crush
Leach
ktonnes
ROM
Leach
ktonnes
Waste
ktonnes
Pushback 5
W:O
Ratio
Total
ktonnes
24
0
156
0
0
77
102
301
356
409
401
912
1,631
4,369
49
318
449
635
1,251
869
632
29
575
964
480
0
41
70
0
0
6,362
5
109
275
309
729
806
1,487
3,786
3,982
2,913
2,863
1,642
541
695
1,321
765
1,017
813
190
0
24,248
65
0
3,248
4,388
4,511
5,358
5,673
5,467
5,990
5,794
4,968
4,573
5,613
5,830
7,454
7,936
5,572
4,606
5,163
4,570
3,994
3,917
3,278
107,968
0.00
0.00
0.00
877.60
41.39
19.48
18.36
7.03
5.33
2.99
1.12
0.87
1.43
1.67
4.46
6.65
3.16
2.19
4.61
3.12
3.11
3.55
2.01
3.09
65
0
3,248
4,393
4,620
5,633
5,982
6,245
7,114
7,730
9,413
9,806
9,551
9,325
9,125
9,129
7,333
6,708
6,284
6,037
5,278
5,019
4,909
142,947
3530
3515
3500
3485
3470
3455
3440
3425
3410
3395
3380
3365
3350
2,530
3,472
3,410
3,541
1,003
11,254
10,082
8,941
7,652
6,358
5,168
3,692
1,459
68,562
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,669
1,490
1,461
1,258
2,371
3,027
2,197
1,532
1,083
819
673
848
1,480
20,908
1.05
0.43
0.43
0.36
2.36
0.27
0.22
0.17
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.23
1.01
0.30
5,199
4,962
4,871
4,799
3,374
14,281
12,279
10,473
8,735
7,177
5,841
4,540
2,939
89,470
Total
72,931
6,362
24,248
128,876
1.24
232,417
Bench
3950
3935
3920
3905
3890
3875
3860
3845
3830
3815
3800
3785
3770
3755
3740
3725
3710
3695
3680
3665
3650
3635
3620
3605
Primary
Sulfide
ktonnes
Crush
Leach
ktonnes
ROM
Leach
ktonnes
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
Total
ktonnes
112
195
268
317
122
156
132
208
137
83
49
531
1,110
1,344
1,187
2,996
8,947
146
268
0
1,463
2,717
4,910
5,553
6,076
5,730
6,726
5,524
4,170
3,543
2,976
3,266
2,761
2,991
2,522
2,876
64,218
248
270
363
1,776
2,540
4,863
4,847
6,083
6,191
7,609
7,127
9,368
10,049
8,830
7,328
7,236
5,825
5,054
6,123
5,573
107,303
957
1,790
3,660
4,773
5,613
6,562
7,273
8,410
9,100
6,890
5,788
5,265
5,998
6,685
8,443
9,954
12,835
17,401
18,709
18,866
20,228
20,797
19,991
17,997
243,985
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
22.63
15.77
11.53
4.74
2.21
0.89
0.58
0.44
0.48
0.50
0.60
0.66
0.89
1.40
1.81
1.71
2.09
2.22
2.03
1.57
1.35
957
1,790
3,660
4,773
5,861
6,978
7,904
10,186
13,215
14,665
15,813
17,218
18,387
20,180
22,428
25,054
27,191
29,857
29,062
29,899
29,924
30,186
29,823
29,442
424,453
3590
3575
3560
3545
3530
3515
3500
3485
3470
3455
3440
3425
3410
3395
3380
3365
3350
3335
3320
4,444
8,680
13,036
15,133
16,192
15,416
13,938
14,043
14,593
13,084
10,617
9,619
8,294
6,727
5,713
3,679
3,504
2,530
1,728
180,970
2,330
2,278
1,104
152
29
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
377
0
0
0
6,270
5,126
3,048
810
622
551
609
73
0
0
0
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10,863
16,315
16,792
13,757
10,703
7,784
6,499
6,572
4,142
2,800
1,324
1,490
90
1
214
178
662
796
2,901
2,058
95,078
1.37
1.20
0.92
0.67
0.46
0.41
0.47
0.29
0.19
0.10
0.14
0.01
0.00
0.03
0.03
0.16
0.23
1.15
1.19
0.48
28,215
30,798
28,707
26,610
24,556
22,524
20,583
18,185
17,393
14,408
12,131
9,709
8,295
6,941
5,891
4,718
4,300
5,431
3,786
293,181
Total
189,917
70,488
118,166
339,063
0.90
717,634
Crush
Leach
ktonnes
ROM
Leach
ktonnes
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
24
780
697
1,342
2,129
2,798
3,415
2,462
1,681
1,517
2,994
3,207
4,836
27,882
378
1,057
3,039
3,126
3,256
3,303
3,155
3,354
4,655
5,185
3,885
4,782
5,143
3,825
3,395
51,538
40
573
1,062
1,697
2,084
4,217
5,026
5,252
5,942
8,371
9,899
9,211
8,361
6,782
7,574
8,063
5,844
89,998
1,783
1,393
2,271
3,064
2,320
2,533
3,469
5,493
7,519
8,939
10,844
12,252
14,118
15,063
16,424
16,813
17,968
18,485
19,885
21,316
20,930
24,481
27,665
27,971
24,678
24,006
23,595
375,278
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
271.10
21.38
9.80
5.47
3.19
2.07
2.00
1.87
1.77
1.47
1.16
1.45
1.99
2.14
1.57
1.59
1.68
2.22
1,783
1,393
2,271
3,064
2,320
2,533
3,469
5,493
7,519
8,939
10,884
12,825
15,558
17,817
21,571
24,936
26,947
28,382
31,111
35,839
38,899
41,339
41,592
41,052
40,389
39,101
37,670
544,696
3575
3560
3545
3530
3515
3500
3485
3470
3455
3440
3425
3410
3395
3380
3365
3350
3335
3320
5,973
7,846
10,940
11,552
12,018
11,844
11,312
10,535
9,158
9,205
10,087
10,656
10,468
4,913
1,639
131
52
327
138,656
2,299
2,991
1,328
1,360
1,095
1,160
811
1,109
598
31
24
0
0
1,544
1,126
0
0
0
15,476
6,649
3,378
2,441
2,287
2,131
1,468
748
512
129
133
24
0
0
829
978
0
0
0
21,707
21,284
20,613
18,703
16,889
15,445
14,853
14,652
14,196
14,404
13,131
10,522
7,538
5,046
5,329
6,710
7,114
5,424
3,879
215,732
1.43
1.45
1.27
1.11
1.01
1.03
1.14
1.17
1.46
1.40
1.04
0.71
0.48
0.73
1.79
54.31
104.31
11.86
1.23
36,205
34,828
33,412
32,088
30,689
29,325
27,523
26,352
24,289
22,500
20,657
18,194
15,514
12,615
10,453
7,245
5,476
4,206
391,571
Total
166,538
67,014
111,705
591,010
1.71
936,267
Bench
3980
3965
3950
3935
3920
3905
3890
3875
3860
3845
3830
3815
3800
3785
3770
3755
3740
3725
3710
3695
3680
3665
3650
3635
3620
3605
3590
Total
ktonnes
Table 4-12
Current Long Range Mine Production Schedule Summary
Year
Pushback
Year 1
Satellite Pit
1
2
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
Year 7
Year 8
Year 9
Year 10
Year 11
Year 12
Satellite Pit
1
2
3
Satellite Pit
1
2
3
Satellite Pit
1
2
3
1
2
3
2
3
2
3
4
5
2
4
5
2
3
4
5
3
5
3
4
5
3
4
5
Crush
Leach
ktonnes
ROM
Leach
ktonnes
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
Total Material
ktonnes per
Year
Day
158
6,495
185
6,838
674
12,575
3,297
16,546
832
19,070
3,482
23,384
0
0
0
0
3,166
14,487
6,732
24,385
4,863
18,105
56,097
79,065
1.22
0.54
5.49
1.66
8,861
51,662
66,311
126,834
347
1,015
10,093
892
0
12,000
1,982
2,063
10,648
24
14,717
2,997
12,156
11,540
24
26,717
0
0
0
0
0
2,646
3,140
18,566
458
24,810
3,706
5,592
50,193
16,731
76,222
0.66
0.37
1.67
34.71
1.48
9,349
20,888
80,299
17,213
127,749
350
466
10,736
797
0
11,999
949
834
14,133
85
16,001
1,415
11,570
14,930
85
28,000
292
257
4,355
27
4,931
1,878
2,149
27,775
2,216
34,018
3,593
2,779
41,645
7,602
55,619
1.00
0.20
0.88
3.27
0.83
7,178
16,755
88,705
9,930
122,568
336
922
3,777
7,277
25
12,001
0
11
14,336
1,654
16,001
922
3,788
21,613
1,679
28,002
0
9
11,595
1,337
12,941
0
13
18,949
13,363
32,325
0
181
28,143
26,159
54,483
0.00
0.05
0.54
1.60
0.74
922
3,991
80,300
42,538
127,751
350
12,933
14,836
234
28,003
0
0
0
0
12,933
14,836
234
28,003
8
12,997
6,067
19,072
5
13,398
20,125
33,528
205
20,932
26,012
47,149
0.02
0.51
0.98
0.58
13,151
62,163
52,438
127,752
350
27,090
911
28,001
0
0
0
27,090
911
28,001
4,692
8,867
13,559
7,426
17,172
32,895
15,723
45,871
61,594
0.40
1.70
0.83
54,931
72,821
127,752
350
26,766
1,235
0
0
28,001
0
0
0
0
0
26,766
1,235
0
0
28,001
1,701
2,850
49
414
5,014
3,370
3,147
1,616
881
9,014
6,336
20,243
28,518
30,628
85,725
0.20
2.80
17.13
23.65
2.04
38,173
27,475
30,183
31,923
127,754
350
27,367
180
453
28,000
0
0
0
0
27,367
180
453
28,000
0
4,154
6,848
11,002
0
16,458
11,814
28,272
782
32,148
27,547
60,477
0.03
1.55
1.44
0.90
28,149
52,940
46,662
127,751
350
9,830
17,538
70
561
27,999
0
0
0
0
0
9,830
17,538
70
561
27,999
0
2,247
551
13,870
16,668
0
2,662
2,134
14,486
19,282
188
35,030
14,674
13,904
63,796
0.02
1.56
5.33
0.48
1.00
10,018
57,477
17,429
42,821
127,745
350
27,456
544
28,000
0
0
0
27,456
544
28,000
551
19,429
19,980
949
27,595
28,544
21,687
29,539
51,226
0.75
0.62
0.67
50,643
77,107
127,750
350
26,624
1,174
203
28,001
0
0
0
0
26,624
1,174
203
28,001
0
1,536
8,051
9,587
0
3,847
19,788
23,635
8,888
20,630
37,011
66,529
0.33
3.15
1.32
1.09
35,512
27,187
65,053
127,752
350
19,173
6,773
2,056
28,002
0
0
0
0
19,173
6,773
2,056
28,002
0
70
8,094
8,164
0
1,003
17,473
18,476
5,735
14,415
52,677
72,827
0.30
1.84
1.91
1.33
24,908
22,261
80,300
127,469
349
Table 4-13
Minimum Mining Rate Calculations
(mill feed @ 28,000 ktpy unless otherwise indicated)
Configuration
Satellite Pit - ore & Internal waste
Pushback 1 - ore & internal waste
Pushback 2 - stripping
Benches
From
To
No.
3695
3845
3965
3695
3845
3965
3665
3950
3635
3875
3530
3950
3590
3980
3590
3500
3680
3590
3500
3680
3470
3650
3470
3545
3350
3605
3320
3590
Primary
Sulfide
ktonnes
8
24
20
52
2,561
44,708
11,322
58,591
8
24
20
52
2,561
44,708
11,322
58,591
-6,838
-12,000
-11,999
-12,001
15,753
14
21
35
103,719
5,758
109,477
12
23
35
87,435
4,369
91,804
13
24
37
68,562
8,947
77,509
19
27
46
205
Years
2.09
Crush Leach
ktonnes
ktpy
3,897
27,589
65,116
96,602
46,165
ktpd
126
ktonnes
ROM Leach
ktpy
7,690
34,275
76,654
118,619
56,687
ktpd
155
ktonnes
26,310
152,608
343,816
522,734
3.91
3.28
2,056
6,362
8,418
2.77
0
64,218
64,218
180,970
27,882
208,852
7.46
6,270
51,538
57,808
546,233
21.98
261,375
8,780
2,567
24
19,662
57,375
77,037
2,719
24,248
26,967
19,703
8,225
24.9
114,569
314
11.4
522,734
114,569
314
11.4
54
173,665
254,614
428,279
109,537
300
9.0
428,279
109,537
300
9.0
23
153,858
142,947
296,805
90,525
248
10.7
730,198
120,756
331
11.9
64
7,750
21
10,863
89,998
100,861
13,522
37
293,181
544,696
837,877
11,892
33
430,787
19,600
54
2,519,088
38,763
684
0
107,303
107,303
23,199
Bench/yr
249,809
3,897
7,690
26,310
27,589
34,275
152,608
65,116
76,654
343,816
4.56
96,602
21,173
58
118,619
25,998
71
522,734
Year 1 mining (includes 16,546 ktonnes Crush Leach as mill feed)
Year 2 mining (includes 14,717 ktonnes Crush Leach as mill feed)
Year 3 mining (includes 16,001 ktonnes Crush Leach as mill feed)
Year 4 mining (includes 16,001 ktonnes Crush Leach as mill feed)
/ 28,000 ktpy =
0.56
years+Yr. 1+Yr. 2+Yr. 3+Yr. 4 = 4.56 years
12,678
21,651
34,329
Total Material
ktpy
ktpd
106
8,940
424,453
433,393
156,563
429
13.4
112,331
308
6.2
837,877
112,331
308
6.2
114,617
314
9.3
2,519,088
114,617
314
9.3
Table 4-14
Alternative Minimum Mining Rate Calculations
Assumptions:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
The current Pushback 2 is reduced by 1/3 (analogous to reducing width from 300 m to 200 m).
The deferred 1/3 of Pushback 2 is added to Pushback 3.
1/3 of the combined (deferred Pushback 2 plus the original Pushback 3) is deferred to Pushback 5
Pushback 4 is unchanged.
1/3 of the combined (deferred Pushback 3 plus the original Pushback 5) is deferred to Pushback 6
Orig
PB 2
Strip
Ore
TotMtl
Ore & IW
Ore
TotMtl
PB 2R
@ 2/3
From 2
to 3
(2D)
Orig
PB 3
PB 3
+ 2D
PB 3R
@ 2/3
From 3
to 5
(3D)
Orig
PB 5
PB 5
+ 3D
PB 5R
@ 2/3
From 5
to 6
(5D)
Orig
PB 6
PB 6
+ 5D
PB 6R
@ 2/3
11,322
343,816
7,548
229,211
3,774
114,605
5,758
254,614
9,532
369,219
6,355
246,146
3,177
123,073
8,947
424,453
12,124
547,526
8,083
365,017
4,041
182,509
27,882
544,696
31,923
727,205
21,282
484,803
103,719
173,665
69,146
115,777
34,573
57,888
87,435
153,858
122,008
211,746
81,339
141,164
40,669
70,582
180,970
293,181
221,639
363,763
147,760
242,509
73,880
121,254
138,656
391,571
212,536
512,825
141,691
341,884
Configuration
Satellite Pit - ore & IW
PB 1 - ore & IW
PB 2R - stripping
Year 1 =
Year 2 =
Year 3 =
Year 4 =
PB 2R - ore & IW
PB 3R - stripping
PB 3R - ore & IW
PB 4 - stripping
PB 4 - ore & IW
PB 5R - stripping
PB 5R - ore & IW
PB 6R - stripping
26,310
152,608
229,211
4.43
408,129
92,174
253
(mill feed supplemented with 16,546 ktonnes Crush Leach)
(mill feed supplemented with 14,717 ktonnes Crush Leach)
(mill feed supplemented with 16,001 ktonnes Crush Leach)
(mill feed supplemented with 16,001 ktonnes Crush Leach)
/28,000 =
0.43 year
2,561
44,708
7,548
54,817
(6,838)
(12,000)
(28,000)
7,979
26,310
152,608
229,211
3.28
408,129
124,242
340
(mill feed supplemented with 16,546 ktonnes Crush Leach)
(mill feed supplemented with 14,717 ktonnes Crush Leach)
(no Crush Leach required)
/28,000 =
0.28 year
Primary
Sulfide
ktonnes
54,817
4.43
408,129
92,174
253
54,817
3.28
408,129
124,242
340
75,501
2.70
361,923
134,221
368
162,353
5.80
738,598
127,381
349
69,146
6,355
75,501
2.70
115,777
246,146
361,923
134,221
368
81,339
4,369
85,708
3.06
141,164
142,947
284,111
92,816
254
2.74
89,470
365,017
454,487
166,033
455
147,760
21,282
169,042
6.04
242,509
484,803
727,312
120,471
330
169,042
461,713
17.82
125,496
344
461,713
68,562
8,083
76,645
2,235,962
6.04
17.82
727,312
2,235,962
120,471
330
125,496
344
Figure 4-8
Production Rate Comparison
400
375
350
325
300
250
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
Year
Year 12
Year 11
Year 10
Year 9
Year 8
Year 7
Year 6
Year 5
Year 4
Year 3
Year 2
0
Year 1
275
4.7
In the process of conducting a due diligence review it was noted that the waste
mining rate in the mine plan summary varied radically from year to year, as shown
in Table 4-15. A preliminary review of the detailed production schedule (Table 416) indicated that ore at the bottom of some of the pushbacks was being deferred
until substantially later in the mine life, which required accelerated striping in the
earlier years. Initial discussions were unsuccessful in demonstrating this point, so
the following exercise was developed to show that lower total material mining rates
in the earlier years were both feasible and prudent.
The pushback reserves (Table 4-17) were subdivided into an upper stripping
portion (Strip) and a lower continuous ore plus internal waste portion (Ore+IW).
The elevation selected for each pushback is intuitively obvious and, for this
scenario, it is in the immediate vicinity of a drop below a 1:1 waste to ore ratio.
Once mining exposes the top bench of the Ore+IW increment, a continuous ore
supply is attained.
Using the subdivided pushback reserves in Table 4-17 and the production schedule
in Table 4-16, an exposed ore inventory was generated on an annual basis and is
shown in Table 4-18. Once the first continuous ore bench for a pushback is
reached in the production schedule, the exposed ore is added to the inventory, with
scheduled tonnages subtracted in subsequent years. The resulting annual
inventory showed that the minimum exposed ore inventories appeared to be
excessive (14.1 months in 2004, 17.3 months in 2009, 21 months in 2014, and 46.1
months in 2019). While minimum stripped ore inventories in excess of one year are
not necessarily a bad thing, all cushions have a cost in terms of stripping. For this
scale of operations, a minimum inventory of 6-12 months would be prudent. The
excessive inventories are the result of:
To quantify the potential for reduced stripping, total material mining rates were
calculated in Table 4-19 for each mining configuration (increment). The calculation
shows both the minimum mining rates (no ore cushion) and smoothed mining rates,
which were derived by advance stripping. These total material mining rates were
used to generate two additional production schedules (unsmoothed and smoothed
total material mining rates). For a feasibility study, the smoothed rates would
26
27
Table 4-15
Original Mine Plan
Annual Summary
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
Waste
ktonnes
26,009
31,707
33,729
33,819
33,724
33,727
33,728
33,818
33,727
33,724
33,726
33,816
33,725
33,726
33,726
33,817
33,726
33,726
33,725
33,820
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,818
33,725
33,727
27,108
0.516
0.499
0.518
0.526
0.516
0.456
0.411
0.401
0.437
0.455
0.428
0.470
0.485
0.488
0.465
0.421
0.396
0.366
0.339
0.415
0.403
0.397
0.457
0.461
0.487
0.463
0.468
27,173
41,602
40,423
30,820
41,985
57,461
46,055
35,430
30,337
40,948
66,232
51,617
40,927
40,503
46,626
33,118
31,982
31,705
25,733
7,835
2,213
2,177
2,498
2,614
1,152
2,221
1,198
894,801
0.449
782,585
W:O
Ratio
1.04
1.31
1.20
0.91
1.24
1.70
1.37
1.05
0.90
1.21
1.96
1.53
1.21
1.20
1.38
0.98
0.95
0.94
0.76
0.23
0.07
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.03
0.07
0.04
TotMtl
ktonnes
53,182
73,309
74,152
64,639
75,709
91,188
79,783
69,248
64,064
74,672
99,958
85,433
74,652
74,229
80,352
66,935
65,708
65,431
59,458
41,655
35,939
35,903
36,224
36,432
34,877
35,948
28,306
0.87 1,677,386
Table 4-16
Original Mine Plan
Year
2001
Pushback
Bench
4
4
4
4
4
4
2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220
152
4,562
6,308
6,790
6,489
1,063
25,364
0.505
0.508
0.525
0.519
0.513
0.519
0.517
5
5
5
5
2520
2505
2490
2475
0
2
177
466
645
2001
2002
Waste
ktonnes
0
0
78
13
0
0
91
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
152
4,562
6,386
6,803
6,489
1,063
25,455
0.000
0.506
0.491
0.506
0.502
358
0.00
7,526 ######
10,877
61.45
8,321
17.86
27,082
41.99
358
7,528
11,054
8,787
27,727
26,009
0.516
27,173
1.04
53,182
4
4
2220
2205
7,741
6,617
14,358
0.521
0.518
0.520
0
40
40
0.00
0.01
0.00
7,741
6,657
14,398
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
2475
2460
2445
2430
2415
2400
2385
2370
0
1,060
1,670
2,658
3,049
3,768
4,063
1,081
17,349
0.000
0.515
0.413
0.445
0.470
0.481
0.524
0.528
0.482
730
9,753
9,071
6,993
6,166
5,074
3,421
354
41,562
0.00
9.20
5.43
2.63
2.02
1.35
0.84
0.33
2.40
730
10,813
10,741
9,651
9,215
8,842
7,484
1,435
58,911
31,707
0.499
41,602
1.31
73,309
2002
2003
Total
Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
Total
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
2385
2370
2355
2340
2325
2310
2295
0
3,369
4,941
5,314
6,757
7,300
6,046
33,727
0.000
0.528
0.530
0.528
0.516
0.509
0.508
0.518
1,000
3,470
2,847
2,275
725
170
0
10,487
0.00
1.03
0.58
0.43
0.11
0.02
0.00
0.31
1,000
6,839
7,788
7,589
7,482
7,470
6,046
44,214
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
2670
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
2535
2520
2505
2490
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.453
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.453
11
0.00
180
0.00
784
0.00
925
0.00
1,178
0.00
1,652
0.00
2,649
0.00
3,098
0.00
3,316
0.00
4,721 ######
5,129
0.00
5,613
0.00
680
0.00
29,936 ######
11
180
784
925
1,178
1,652
2,649
3,098
3,316
4,723
5,129
5,613
680
29,938
33,729
0.518
40,423
74,152
2003
Total
1.20
Pushback
Bench
5
5
5
5
5
5
2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220
1,834
7,506
6,914
6,338
6,010
3,650
32,252
0.508
0.518
0.529
0.544
0.531
0.539
0.529
0
0
0
93
41
40
174
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
1,834
7,506
6,914
6,431
6,051
3,690
32,426
6
6
6
6
6
2490
2475
2460
2445
2430
0
0
36
35
1,496
1,567
0.000
0.000
0.438
0.381
0.459
0.457
4,991
6,030
6,717
8,085
4,823
30,646
0.00
0.00
186.58
231.00
3.22
19.56
4,991
6,030
6,753
8,120
6,319
32,213
33,819
0.526
30,820
0.91
64,639
2004
2005
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
5
5
5
2220
2205
2190
7,161
4,911
9,772
21,844
0.539
0.540
0.526
0.533
40
0
4
44
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
7,201
4,911
9,776
21,888
6
6
6
6
6
2430
2415
2400
2385
2370
0
2,440
3,683
4,786
971
11,880
0.000
0.488
0.476
0.490
0.466
0.483
6,218
10,033
8,851
7,838
0
32,940
0.00
4.11
2.40
1.64
0.00
2.77
6,218
12,473
12,534
12,624
971
44,820
7
7
7
7
7
7
2730
2715
2700
2685
2670
2655
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
35
240
1,166
1,565
2,938
3,057
9,001
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
35
240
1,166
1,565
2,938
3,057
9,001
33,724
0.516
41,985
1.24
75,709
2005
2006
Total
Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
Total
6
6
6
6
6
2370
2355
2340
2325
2310
5,342
6,557
7,675
8,230
5,923
33,727
0.466
0.475
0.458
0.450
0.430
0.456
3,742
3,647
4,176
4,127
3,388
19,080
0.70
0.56
0.54
0.50
0.57
0.57
9,084
10,204
11,851
12,357
9,311
52,807
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
280
3,411
3,955
5,085
5,319
6,273
7,121
6,937
38,381
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
280
3,411
3,955
5,085
5,319
6,273
7,121
6,937
38,381
33,727
0.456
57,461
1.70
91,188
2006
Total
Pushback
Bench
6
6
6
6
6
2310
2295
2280
2265
2250
3,378
10,008
9,729
10,391
123
33,629
0.430
0.419
0.409
0.400
0.390
0.411
0
2,244
2,161
1,814
0
6,219
0.00
0.22
0.22
0.17
0.00
0.18
3,378
12,252
11,890
12,205
123
39,848
7
7
7
7
7
7
2550
2535
2520
2505
2490
2475
0
0
0
75
24
0
99
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.325
0.500
0.000
0.367
1,460
8,487
9,349
9,544
9,772
1,224
39,836
0.00
0.00
0.00
127.25
407.17
0.00
402.38
1,460
8,487
9,349
9,619
9,796
1,224
39,935
33,728
0.411
46,055
1.37
79,783
1,376
1,227
857
0
3,460
0.13
0.11
0.08
0.00
0.10
12,307
12,468
11,406
655
36,836
2007
2008
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
6
6
6
6
2250
2235
2220
2205
10,931
11,241
10,549
655
33,376
0.390
0.401
0.415
0.436
0.403
7
7
7
7
2475
2460
2445
2430
0
6
102
334
442
0.000
0.150
0.259
0.324
0.306
8,450
0.00
9,477 ######
9,202
90.22
4,841
14.49
31,970
72.33
8,450
9,483
9,304
5,175
32,412
33,818
0.401
35,430
1.05
69,248
2008
2009
Total
Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
Total
2175
3,375
0.533
0.00
3,375
6
6
6
2205
2190
2175
9,777
9,660
8,297
27,734
0.436
0.431
0.439
0.435
628
464
515
1,607
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.06
10,405
10,124
8,812
29,341
7
7
7
7
7
2430
2415
2400
2385
2370
0
412
944
1,262
0
2,618
0.000
0.335
0.335
0.343
0.000
0.339
3,886
8,421
7,743
7,215
1,465
28,730
0.00
20.44
8.20
5.72
0.00
10.97
3,886
8,833
8,687
8,477
1,465
31,348
33,727
0.437
30,337
0.90
64,064
2009
Total
Pushback
Bench
5
5
2175
2160
4,735
4,895
9,630
0.533
0.513
0.522
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
4,735
4,895
9,630
2160
8,134
0.456
232
0.03
8,366
7
7
7
7
2370
2355
2340
2325
2,118
3,200
4,564
6,078
15,960
0.379
0.408
0.414
0.428
0.413
7,878
8,255
6,954
5,430
28,517
3.72
2.58
1.52
0.89
1.79
9,996
11,455
11,518
11,508
44,477
8
8
8
2730
2715
2700
0
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1,459
6,861
3,879
12,199
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1,459
6,861
3,879
12,199
33,724
0.455
40,948
1.21
74,672
2010
2011
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2160
941
0.513
0.00
941
7
7
7
7
2310
2295
2280
2265
8,603
10,048
10,650
3,484
32,785
0.408
0.419
0.438
0.458
0.426
2,425
1,322
712
0
4,459
0.28
0.13
0.07
0.00
0.14
11,028
11,370
11,362
3,484
37,244
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
2400
2385
2370
2355
2340
2325
2310
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
4,419
6,313
9,136
10,382
12,017
12,489
7,017
61,773
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4,419
6,313
9,136
10,382
12,017
12,489
7,017
61,773
33,726
0.428
66,232
1.96
99,958
366
14
12
0
392
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
7,748
10,893
10,439
5,013
34,093
2011
2012
Total
Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
Total
7
7
7
7
2265
2250
2235
2220
7,382
10,879
10,427
5,013
33,701
0.458
0.459
0.483
0.490
0.470
8
8
8
8
8
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
20
53
2
40
0
115
0.413
0.300
0.300
0.250
0.000
0.302
5,660 283.00
12,880 243.02
12,983 ######
13,347 333.68
6,355
0.00
51,225 445.43
5,680
12,933
12,985
13,387
6,355
51,340
33,816
0.470
51,617
85,433
2012
Total
1.53
Pushback
Bench
7
7
7
7
2220
2205
2190
2175
5,529
9,721
9,285
7,306
31,841
0.490
0.474
0.486
0.474
0.480
89
170
181
156
596
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
5,618
9,891
9,466
7,462
32,437
8
8
8
8
2550
2535
2520
2505
229
163
408
1,084
1,884
0.296
0.304
0.466
0.688
0.559
6,867
13,579
13,363
6,522
40,331
29.99
83.31
32.75
6.02
21.41
7,096
13,742
13,771
7,606
42,215
33,725
0.485
40,927
1.21
74,652
2013
2014
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2145
6,248
0.488
102
0.02
6,350
7
7
7
2175
2160
2145
1,734
8,874
8,494
19,102
0.474
0.468
0.465
0.467
0
33
0
33
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1,734
8,907
8,494
19,135
8
8
8
8
8
2505
2490
2475
2460
2445
0
2,189
2,939
3,248
0
8,376
0.000
0.526
0.579
0.508
0.000
0.537
6,449
11,668
11,141
9,008
2,102
40,368
0.00
5.33
3.79
2.77
0.00
4.82
6,449
13,857
14,080
12,256
2,102
48,744
33,726
0.488
40,503
1.20
74,229
2014
2015
Total
Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
Total
2145
3,776
0.536
0.00
3,776
6
6
2145
2130
1,432
8,820
10,252
0.481
0.494
0.492
0
72
72
0.00
0.01
0.01
1,432
8,892
10,324
2130
5,214
0.486
16
0.00
5,230
8
8
8
2445
2430
2415
5,213
6,756
2,515
14,484
0.438
0.415
0.401
0.421
4,941
5,441
2,895
13,277
0.95
0.81
1.15
0.92
10,154
12,197
5,410
27,761
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
2730
2715
2700
2685
2670
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
2535
2520
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
69
1,150
1,461
1,462
1,596
1,663
1,738
1,898
2,030
2,200
2,495
4,552
4,755
5,156
1,036
33,261
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
69
1,150
1,461
1,462
1,596
1,663
1,738
1,898
2,030
2,200
2,495
4,552
4,755
5,156
1,036
33,261
33,726
0.465
46,626
1.38
80,352
2015
Total
Pushback
Bench
2016
2175
3,024
0.486
0.00
3,024
8
8
8
8
2415
2400
2385
2370
5,401
8,686
8,626
7,951
30,664
0.401
0.403
0.423
0.430
0.415
1,128
3,023
2,788
1,788
8,727
0.21
0.35
0.32
0.22
0.28
6,529
11,709
11,414
9,739
39,391
9
9
9
9
2520
2505
2490
2475
0
49
40
40
129
0.000
0.325
0.263
0.263
0.286
4,800
6,589
6,845
6,157
24,391
0.00
134.47
171.13
153.93
189.08
4,800
6,638
6,885
6,197
24,520
33,817
0.421
33,118
0.98
66,935
2016
2017
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2370
2355
2340
2325
2310
1,428
9,930
10,252
10,171
952
32,733
0.430
0.421
0.394
0.388
0.380
0.401
0
1,084
677
375
504
2,640
0.00
0.11
0.07
0.04
0.53
0.08
1,428
11,014
10,929
10,546
1,456
35,373
9
9
9
9
9
2475
2460
2445
2430
2415
0
210
310
473
0
993
0.000
0.168
0.200
0.230
0.000
0.207
892
7,088
7,187
7,188
6,987
29,342
0.00
33.75
23.18
15.20
0.00
29.55
892
7,298
7,497
7,661
6,987
30,335
33,726
0.396
31,982
0.95
65,708
Total
8
8
8
8
2310
2295
2280
2265
8,982
9,574
9,351
223
28,130
0.380
0.370
0.369
0.365
0.373
0
592
523
0
1,115
0.00
0.06
0.06
0.00
0.04
8,982
10,166
9,874
223
29,245
9
9
9
9
9
9
2415
2400
2385
2370
2355
2340
385
618
849
1,561
2,183
0
5,596
0.295
0.333
0.360
0.306
0.345
0.000
0.332
503
7,466
7,410
6,877
6,447
1,887
30,590
1.31
12.08
8.73
4.41
2.95
0.00
5.47
888
8,084
8,259
8,438
8,630
1,887
36,186
33,726
0.366
31,705
0.94
65,431
2018
2019
Waste
ktonnes
8
8
8
8
8
2017
2018
Total
Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
Total
8
8
2265
2250
8,653
6,809
15,462
0.365
0.365
0.365
642
775
1,417
0.07
0.11
0.09
9,295
7,584
16,879
9
9
9
9
9
2340
2325
2310
2295
2280
2,911
3,272
3,646
3,883
4,551
18,263
0.296
0.304
0.314
0.322
0.337
0.317
4,005
5,645
5,459
4,997
4,210
24,316
1.38
1.73
1.50
1.29
0.93
1.33
6,916
8,917
9,105
8,880
8,761
42,579
33,725
0.339
25,733
0.76
59,458
2019
Total
Pushback
Bench
8
8
2235
2220
1,611
8,085
9,696
0.365
0.350
0.352
0
780
780
0.00
0.10
0.08
1,611
8,865
10,476
9
9
9
9
2265
2250
2235
2220
5,178
6,336
7,288
5,322
24,124
0.444
0.441
0.436
0.440
0.440
3,426
2,106
995
528
7,055
0.66
0.33
0.14
0.10
0.29
8,604
8,442
8,283
5,850
31,179
33,820
0.415
7,835
0.23
41,655
2020
2021
TotMtl
ktonnes
7,366
7,299
1,371
16,036
0.339
0.331
0.331
0.335
1,068
783
0
1,851
0.14
0.11
0.00
0.12
8,434
8,082
1,371
17,887
9
9
9
2220
2205
2190
2,326
7,612
7,752
17,690
0.440
0.464
0.475
0.466
0
362
0
362
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.02
2,326
7,974
7,752
18,052
33,726
0.403
2,213
0.07
35,939
Total
8
8
8
2190
2175
2160
5,734
7,174
6,040
18,948
0.331
0.323
0.319
0.324
857
510
622
1,989
0.15
0.07
0.10
0.10
6,591
7,684
6,662
20,937
9
9
2175
2160
7,425
7,353
14,778
0.491
0.491
0.491
141
47
188
0.02
0.01
0.01
7,566
7,400
14,966
33,726
0.397
2,177
0.06
35,903
Total
8
8
8
8
2160
2145
2130
2115
742
6,138
5,054
298
12,232
0.319
0.319
0.335
0.345
0.326
0
848
1,650
0
2,498
0.00
0.14
0.33
0.00
0.20
742
6,986
6,704
298
14,730
9
9
9
2145
2130
2115
7,293
7,110
7,091
21,494
0.515
0.515
0.564
0.531
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7,293
7,110
7,091
21,494
33,726
0.457
2,498
0.07
36,224
2023
2024
W:O
Ratio
2220
2205
2190
2022
2023
Waste
ktonnes
8
8
8
2021
2022
Total
Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
Total
2115
6,302
0.479
54
0.01
6,356
7
7
2115
2100
7,961
3,191
11,152
0.466
0.470
0.467
41
0
41
0.01
0.00
0.00
8,002
3,191
11,193
8
8
2115
2100
4,159
5,170
9,329
0.345
0.374
0.361
1,331
1,181
2,512
0.32
0.23
0.27
5,490
6,351
11,841
2100
7,035
0.569
0.00
7,042
33,818
0.461
2,614
0.08
36,432
2024
Total
Pushback
Bench
2025
2100
3,197
0.458
31
0.01
3,228
7
7
2100
2085
4,019
7,949
11,968
0.470
0.453
0.458
160
238
398
0.04
0.03
0.03
4,179
8,187
12,366
2085
4,963
0.369
642
0.13
5,605
9
9
2085
2070
6,968
6,629
13,597
0.569
0.554
0.561
38
43
81
0.01
0.01
0.01
7,006
6,672
13,678
33,725
0.487
1,152
0.03
34,877
2025
2026
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2070
4,143
0.405
114
0.03
4,257
8
8
8
2070
2055
2040
5,668
6,922
3,835
16,425
0.429
0.398
0.394
0.407
947
553
345
1,845
0.17
0.08
0.09
0.11
6,615
7,475
4,180
18,270
9
9
9
2070
2055
2040
186
6,743
6,230
13,159
0.554
0.554
0.545
0.550
0
87
175
262
0.00
0.01
0.03
0.02
186
6,830
6,405
13,421
33,727
0.463
2,221
0.07
35,948
2026
2027
Total
Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
Total
8
8
2040
2025
1,387
3,648
5,035
0.394
0.378
0.382
0
330
330
0.00
0.09
0.07
1,387
3,978
5,365
9
9
9
9
2025
2010
1995
1980
5,763
7,550
5,580
3,180
22,073
0.533
0.483
0.468
0.455
0.488
205
350
233
80
868
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.04
5,968
7,900
5,813
3,260
22,941
27,108
0.468
1,198
0.04
28,306
2027
Total
Table 4-17
Pushback Reserves
Push
Back
4
Bench
Mill Feed
ktonnes
%TCu
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220
2205
152
4,562
6,308
6,790
6,490
8,804
6,617
0.505
0.508
0.525
0.519
0.513
0.521
0.518
0
0
77
14
0
0
40
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
152
4,562
6,385
6,804
6,490
8,804
6,657
Total
39,723
0.518
131
0.00
39,854
Push
Back
5
Bench
Mill Feed
ktonnes
%TCu
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2520
2505
2490
2475
2460
2445
2430
2415
2400
2385
Strip
0
1
177
466
1,060
1,670
2,658
3,049
3,768
4,063
16,912
0.000
0.511
0.491
0.506
0.515
0.413
0.445
0.470
0.481
0.524
0.480
358
0.00
7,257 ######
10,877
61.45
9,051
19.42
9,753
9.20
9,071
5.43
6,993
2.63
6,167
2.02
5,074
1.35
4,421
1.09
69,022
4.08
358
7,258
11,054
9,517
10,813
10,741
9,651
9,216
8,842
8,484
85,934
2370
2355
2340
2325
2310
2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220
2205
2190
2175
2160
2145
Ore+IW
4,450
4,941
5,314
6,757
7,300
7,880
7,506
6,914
6,338
6,010
10,812
4,911
9,772
8,111
5,836
3,776
106,628
0.528
0.530
0.528
0.516
0.509
0.508
0.518
0.529
0.544
0.656
0.539
0.540
0.526
0.533
0.513
0.536
0.533
3,824
2,847
2,275
726
170
0
0
0
93
41
80
0
3
0
0
0
10,059
0.86
0.58
0.43
0.11
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.09
8,274
7,788
7,589
7,483
7,470
7,880
7,506
6,914
6,431
6,051
10,892
4,911
9,775
8,111
5,836
3,776
116,687
Total
123,540
0.526
79,081
0.64
202,621
Bench
Mill Feed
ktonnes
%TCu
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2670
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
2535
2520
2505
2490
2475
2460
2445
2430
2415
2400
2385
Strip
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
36
35
1,496
2,440
3,683
4,786
12,478
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.453
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.438
0.381
0.459
0.488
0.476
0.490
0.481
11
0.00
180
0.00
784
0.00
925
0.00
1,178
0.00
1,652
0.00
2,649
0.00
3,098
0.00
3,316
0.00
4,721 ######
5,129
0.00
5,612
0.00
5,671
0.00
6,030
0.00
6,716 186.56
8,086 231.03
11,040
7.38
10,033
4.11
8,851
2.40
7,837
1.64
93,519
7.49
11
180
784
925
1,178
1,652
2,649
3,098
3,316
4,723
5,129
5,612
5,671
6,030
6,752
8,121
12,536
12,473
12,534
12,623
105,997
2370
2355
2340
2325
2310
2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220
2205
2190
2175
2160
2145
2130
2115
2100
Ore+IW
6,313
6,557
7,675
8,230
9,301
10,008
9,729
10,390
11,054
11,241
10,549
10,432
9,660
8,297
8,134
7,680
8,820
6,302
3,197
163,569
0.466
0.475
0.458
0.450
0.430
0.419
0.409
0.400
0.390
0.401
0.415
0.436
0.431
0.439
0.456
0.481
0.494
0.479
0.458
0.436
3,742
3,647
4,176
4,127
3,388
2,245
2,161
1,815
1,376
1,228
857
627
465
515
231
102
72
53
30
30,857
0.59
0.56
0.54
0.50
0.36
0.22
0.22
0.17
0.12
0.11
0.08
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.19
10,055
10,204
11,851
12,357
12,689
12,253
11,890
12,205
12,430
12,469
11,406
11,059
10,125
8,812
8,365
7,782
8,892
6,355
3,227
194,426
Total
176,047
0.440
124,376
0.71
300,423
Push
Back
7
Bench
Mill Feed
ktonnes
%TCu
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
35
0.00
240
0.00
1,166
0.00
1,565
0.00
2,938
0.00
3,337
0.00
3,411
0.00
3,955
0.00
5,085
0.00
5,319
0.00
6,273
0.00
7,121
0.00
8,397
0.00
8,487
0.00
9,349
0.00
9,544 127.25
9,771 407.13
9,674
0.00
9,476 ######
9,202
90.22
8,727
26.13
8,421
20.44
7,744
8.20
7,215
5.72
9,343
4.41
8,255
2.58
6,954
1.52
171,004
13.11
TotMtl
ktonnes
2730
2715
2700
2685
2670
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
2535
2520
2505
2490
2475
2460
2445
2430
2415
2400
2385
2370
2355
2340
Strip
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
75
24
0
6
102
334
412
944
1,262
2,118
3,200
4,564
13,041
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.325
0.500
0.000
0.150
0.259
0.324
0.335
0.335
0.343
0.379
0.408
0.414
0.387
35
240
1,166
1,565
2,938
3,337
3,411
3,955
5,085
5,319
6,273
7,121
8,397
8,487
9,349
9,619
9,795
9,674
9,482
9,304
9,061
8,833
8,688
8,477
11,461
11,455
11,518
184,045
2325
2310
2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220
2205
2190
2175
2160
2145
2130
2115
2100
2085
2070
Ore+IW
6,078
8,603
10,048
10,650
10,866
10,879
10,427
10,542
9,721
9,285
9,040
8,874
8,494
8,238
7,961
7,210
7,949
4,143
159,008
0.428
0.408
0.419
0.438
0.458
0.459
0.483
0.490
0.474
0.486
0.474
0.468
0.465
0.486
0.466
0.470
0.453
0.405
0.459
5,430
2,426
1,322
712
366
14
12
88
170
181
156
33
0
16
42
160
238
114
11,480
0.89
0.28
0.13
0.07
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.07
11,508
11,029
11,370
11,362
11,232
10,893
10,439
10,630
9,891
9,466
9,196
8,907
8,494
8,254
8,003
7,370
8,187
4,257
170,488
Total
172,049
0.454
182,484
1.06
354,533
Bench
Mill Feed
ktonnes
%TCu
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
1,459
0.00
6,861
0.00
8,298
0.00
6,313
0.00
9,136
0.00
10,382
0.00
12,017
0.00
12,489
0.00
12,677 633.85
12,880 243.02
12,983 ######
13,347 333.68
13,222
57.74
13,579
83.31
13,363
32.75
12,971
11.97
11,669
5.33
11,141
3.79
9,008
2.77
7,043
1.35
5,441
0.81
216,279
9.68
TotMtl
ktonnes
2730
2715
2700
2685
2670
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
2535
2520
2505
2490
2475
2460
2445
2430
Strip
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
53
2
40
229
163
408
1,084
2,189
2,939
3,248
5,213
6,756
22,344
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.413
0.300
0.300
0.250
0.296
0.304
0.466
0.688
0.526
0.579
0.508
0.438
0.415
0.478
1,459
6,861
8,298
6,313
9,136
10,382
12,017
12,489
12,697
12,933
12,985
13,387
13,451
13,742
13,771
14,055
13,858
14,080
12,256
12,256
12,197
238,623
2415
2400
2385
2370
2355
2340
2325
2310
2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220
2205
2190
2175
2160
2145
2130
2115
2100
2085
2070
2055
2040
2025
Ore+IW
7,916
8,686
8,626
9,379
9,930
10,252
10,171
9,934
9,574
9,351
8,876
8,420
8,085
7,366
7,299
7,105
7,174
6,782
6,138
5,054
4,457
5,170
4,963
5,668
6,922
5,222
3,648
202,168
0.401
0.403
0.423
0.430
0.421
0.394
0.388
0.380
0.370
0.369
0.365
0.365
0.350
0.339
0.331
0.331
0.323
0.319
0.319
0.335
0.345
0.374
0.369
0.429
0.398
0.394
0.378
0.375
4,022
3,022
2,784
1,788
1,084
677
374
504
592
523
642
775
780
1,068
783
857
510
622
847
1,650
1,331
1,181
642
947
553
345
330
29,233
0.51
0.35
0.32
0.19
0.11
0.07
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.14
0.11
0.12
0.07
0.09
0.14
0.33
0.30
0.23
0.13
0.17
0.08
0.07
0.09
0.14
11,938
11,708
11,410
11,167
11,014
10,929
10,545
10,438
10,166
9,874
9,518
9,195
8,865
8,434
8,082
7,962
7,684
7,404
6,985
6,704
5,788
6,351
5,605
6,615
7,475
5,567
3,978
231,401
Total
224,512
0.385
245,512
1.09
470,024
Push
Back
9
Bench
Mill Feed
ktonnes
%TCu
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2730
2715
2700
2685
2670
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
2535
2520
2505
2490
2475
2460
2445
2430
2415
2400
2385
2370
2355
2340
2325
2310
2295
2280
Strip
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
49
40
40
210
310
473
385
618
849
1,561
2,183
2,911
3,272
3,646
3,883
4,551
24,981
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.325
0.263
0.263
0.168
0.200
0.230
0.295
0.333
0.360
0.306
0.345
0.370
0.380
0.393
0.403
0.421
0.373
69
1,150
1,461
1,462
1,596
1,663
1,738
1,898
2,030
2,200
2,494
4,552
4,754
5,156
5,837
6,589
6,845
7,048
7,088
7,187
7,188
7,490
7,466
7,410
6,876
6,447
5,892
5,644
5,458
4,997
4,210
141,895
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
134.47
171.13
176.20
33.75
23.18
15.20
19.45
12.08
8.73
4.40
2.95
2.02
1.72
1.50
1.29
0.93
5.68
69
1,150
1,461
1,462
1,596
1,663
1,738
1,898
2,030
2,200
2,494
4,552
4,754
5,156
5,837
6,638
6,885
7,088
7,298
7,497
7,661
7,875
8,084
8,259
8,437
8,630
8,803
8,916
9,104
8,880
8,761
166,876
2265
2250
2235
2220
2205
2190
2175
2160
2145
2130
2115
2100
2085
2070
2055
2040
2025
2010
1995
1980
Ore+IW
5,178
6,336
7,288
7,648
7,612
7,752
7,425
7,353
7,293
7,110
7,091
7,035
6,968
6,815
6,743
6,230
5,763
7,550
5,580
3,180
133,950
0.444
0.441
0.436
0.440
0.464
0.475
0.491
0.491
0.515
0.515
0.564
0.569
0.569
0.554
0.554
0.545
0.533
0.483
0.468
0.455
0.501
3,426
2,106
995
528
362
0
141
47
0
0
0
8
38
43
87
175
206
349
233
80
8,824
0.66
0.33
0.14
0.07
0.05
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.07
8,604
8,442
8,283
8,176
7,974
7,752
7,566
7,400
7,293
7,110
7,091
7,043
7,006
6,858
6,830
6,405
5,969
7,899
5,813
3,260
142,774
Total
158,931
0.481
150,719
0.95
309,650
Table 4-18
Exposed Ore Inventory
Original Mine Plan
Exposed
Ore
ktonnes
Months
@ 33,726
ktpy
Year
2018
Year
Pushback
2001
14,358
5.1
2002
105,545
37.6
2003
71,819
25.6
2004
39,568
14.1
2005
5
6
17,724
162,598
180,322
64.2
2006
2007
5
6
5
6
17,724
128,872
146,596
52.2
17,724
95,245
112,969
40.2
2019
2020
2021
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
5
6
5
6
5
6
7
5
6
7
5
6
7
5
6
7
17,724
61,869
79,593
28.3
14,349
34,135
48,484
17.3
4,719
26,001
152,931
183,651
65.3
3,778
26,001
120,146
149,925
2022
2023
53.3
3,778
26,001
86,443
116,222
41.4
3,778
26,001
54,601
84,380
30.0
2024
2025
2014
2015
2016
2017
5
6
7
5
6
7
8
5
6
7
8
5
6
7
8
3,778
19,753
35,499
59,030
2
9,501
30,285
199,652
239,440
2
9,501
27,261
168,988
205,752
2
9,501
27,261
136,255
173,019
21.0
2026
85.2
2027
73.2
61.6
Pushback
5
6
7
8
5
6
7
8
5
6
7
8
9
5
6
7
8
9
5
6
7
8
9
5
6
7
8
9
5
6
7
8
9
5
6
7
8
9
5
6
7
8
9
5
6
7
8
9
Exposed
Ore
ktonnes
Months
@ 33,726
ktpy
2
9,501
27,261
108,125
144,889
51.6
2
9,501
27,261
92,663
129,427
46.1
2
9,501
27,261
82,967
109,826
229,557
81.7
2
9,501
27,261
66,931
92,136
195,831
69.7
2
9,501
27,261
47,983
77,358
162,105
57.7
2
9,251
27,261
35,751
55,864
128,129
45.6
2
3,199
16,109
26,422
48,829
94,561
33.6
2
2
4,141
21,459
35,232
60,836
21.6
2
2
-188
5,034
22,073
26,923
9.6
2
2
-188
-1
0
-185
-0.1
Table 4-19
Calculation of Total Material Mining Rate(s)
Unsmoothed
Benches (incl.)
from
to
no.
Increment
PB 4 (o&iw)
PB 5 (strip)
PB 5 (o&iw)
PB 6 (strip)
PB 6 (o&iw)
PB 7 (strip)
PB 7 (o&iw)
PB 8 (strip)
PB 8 (o&iw)
PB 9 (strip)
PB 9 (o&iw)
7500
8250
7750
8750
7750
8950
7600
8950
7900
8950
7400
7200
7800
7000
7800
6850
7650
6750
7850
6600
7450
6450
Ore
ktonnes
Smoothed
TotMtl
TotMtl
Rate
ktonnes
ktpy
Ore
Years *
TotMtl
ktonnes
TotMtl
Rate
ktpy
1.80
38,853
86,203
125,056
69,463
9.4
3.53
116,685
106,000
222,685
63,056
10.2
5.24
194,424
184,043
378,467
72,273
8.8
5.38
170,487
238,622
409,109
76,082
7.6
59,138
8.6
6.74
398,303
59,138
8.6
35,942
5.0
3.97
142,753
35,942
5.0
7
10
17
39,723
16,912
56,635
16
20
36
106,626
12,478
119,104
19
27
46
163,569
13,041
176,610
18
23
41
159,009
22,344
181,353
27
31
58
202,167
24,981
227,148
6.74
231,403
166,900
398,303
20
133,950
3.97
142,753
Benches
per
Year
Ore
Years *
Benches
per
Year
1.80
125,056
69,463
9.4
14.15
1,010,261
71,420
8.7
Table 4-20
Revised (Unsmoothed)
Production Schedule
Annual Summary
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
Mill Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
Waste
ktonnes
26,009
31,707
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
27,620
0.516
0.499
0.518
0.530
0.517
0.491
0.433
0.399
0.422
0.458
0.432
0.431
0.474
0.476
0.478
0.465
0.413
0.405
0.372
0.349
0.328
0.370
0.403
0.450
0.503
0.561
0.499
27,634
41,593
29,274
29,274
29,274
31,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
40,274
42,274
42,274
42,274
42,274
42,274
26,274
26,274
26,274
26,274
26,274
26,274
25,977
4,214
188
194
1,025
894,760
0.451
782,305
W:O
Ratio
1.06
1.31
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.93
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.19
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.77
0.12
0.01
0.01
0.04
TotMtl
ktonnes
53,643
73,300
63,000
63,000
63,000
65,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
74,000
76,000
76,000
76,000
76,000
76,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
59,703
37,940
33,914
33,920
28,645
0.87 1,677,065
Table 4-21
Revised (Smoothed)
Production Schedule
Annual Summary
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
Mill Ore
ktonnes %TCu
Waste
ktonnes
26,009
31,707
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
33,726
27,629
0.516
0.499
0.518
0.526
0.518
0.497
0.433
0.399
0.419
0.432
0.445
0.448
0.474
0.475
0.482
0.461
0.413
0.404
0.368
0.359
0.348
0.363
0.404
0.428
0.503
0.562
0.499
27,634
41,593
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
38,274
26,274
16,274
11,274
5,216
1,973
188
187
1,032
894,769
0.451
782,303
W:O
Ratio
1.06
1.31
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.13
0.78
0.48
0.33
0.15
0.06
0.01
0.01
0.05
TotMtl
ktonnes
53,643
73,300
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
60,000
50,000
45,000
38,942
35,699
33,914
33,913
28,661
0.87 1,677,072
Table 4-22
Revised Production Schedule
(Unsmoothed)
Year
Pushback
2001
2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220
152
4,562
6,308
6,790
6,490
1,063
25,365
0.505
0.508
0.525
0.519
0.513
0.521
0.517
2520
2505
2490
2475
0
1
177
466
644
2001
2002
Total
Mill Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
Waste
ktonnes
0
0
77
14
0
0
91
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
152
4,562
6,385
6,804
6,490
1,063
25,456
0.000
0.511
0.491
0.506
0.502
358
0.00
7,257 #####
10,877 61.45
9,051 19.42
27,543 42.77
358
7,258
11,054
9,517
28,187
26,009
0.516
27,634
1.06
53,643
2220
2205
7,741
6,617
14,358
0.521
0.518
0.520
0
40
40
0.00
0.01
0.00
7,741
6,657
14,398
2460
2445
2430
2415
2400
2385
2370
1,060
1,670
2,658
3,049
3,768
4,063
1,081
17,349
0.515
0.413
0.445
0.470
0.481
0.524
0.528
0.482
9,753
9,071
6,993
6,167
5,074
4,421
74
41,553
9.20
5.43
2.63
2.02
1.35
1.09
0.07
2.40
10,813
10,741
9,651
9,216
8,842
8,484
1,155
58,902
31,707
0.499
41,593
1.31
73,300
3,750
2,847
2,275
726
170
0
9,768
1.11
0.58
0.43
0.11
0.02
0.00
0.29
7,119
7,788
7,589
7,483
7,470
6,043
43,492
2002
2003
Bench
Total
2370
2355
2340
2325
2310
2295
3,369
4,941
5,314
6,757
7,300
6,043
33,724
0.528
0.530
0.528
0.516
0.509
0.508
0.518
2670
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
2535
2520
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.453
0.000
0.453
11
0.00
180
0.00
784
0.00
925
0.00
1,178
0.00
1,652
0.00
2,649
0.00
3,098
0.00
3,316
0.00
4,721 #####
992
0.00
19,506 #####
11
180
784
925
1,178
1,652
2,649
3,098
3,316
4,723
992
19,508
33,726
0.518
29,274
63,000
2003
Total
0.87
Pushback
2004
2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220
1,837
7,506
6,914
6,338
6,010
5,085
33,690
0.508
0.518
0.529
0.544
0.531
0.539
0.530
2520
2505
2490
2475
2460
2445
0
0
0
0
36
0
36
2004
2005
Total
Mill Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
Waste
ktonnes
0
0
0
93
41
80
214
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
1,837
7,506
6,914
6,431
6,051
5,165
33,904
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.438
0.000
0.438
4,137
0.00
5,612
0.00
5,671
0.00
6,030
0.00
6,716 #####
894
0.00
29,060 #####
4,137
5,612
5,671
6,030
6,752
894
29,096
33,726
0.530
29,274
0.87
63,000
0
0
4
0
4
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5,727
4,911
9,776
5,662
26,076
2220
2205
2190
2175
5,727
4,911
9,772
5,662
26,072
0.539
0.540
0.526
0.533
0.533
2445
2430
2415
2400
35
1,496
2,440
3,683
7,654
0.381
0.459
0.450
0.476
0.464
7,192 #####
11,040
7.38
10,033
4.11
1,005
0.27
29,270
3.82
7,227
12,536
12,473
4,688
36,924
33,726
0.517
29,274
0.87
63,000
2005
2006
Bench
Total
2175
2160
2145
2,449
5,836
3,776
12,061
0.533
0.513
0.536
0.524
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2,449
5,836
3,776
12,061
2400
2385
2370
2355
2340
0
4,786
6,313
6,557
4,009
21,665
0.000
0.490
0.466
0.475
0.458
0.473
7,846
7,837
3,742
3,647
2,181
25,253
0.00
1.64
0.59
0.56
0.54
1.17
7,846
12,623
10,055
10,204
6,190
46,918
2730
2715
2700
2685
2670
2655
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
35
240
1,166
1,565
2,938
77
6,021
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
35
240
1,166
1,565
2,938
77
6,021
33,726
0.491
31,274
0.93
65,000
2006
Total
Pushback
2007
2340
2325
2310
2295
2280
3,666
8,230
9,301
10,008
2,521
33,726
0.458
0.450
0.430
0.419
0.409
0.433
1,995
4,127
3,388
2,245
560
12,315
0.54
0.50
0.36
0.22
0.22
0.37
5,661
12,357
12,689
12,253
3,081
46,041
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
3,260
3,411
3,955
5,085
5,319
4,929
25,959
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3,260
3,411
3,955
5,085
5,319
4,929
25,959
33,726
0.433
38,274
1.13
72,000
2007
2008
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2280
2265
2250
2235
7,208
10,390
11,054
5,074
33,726
0.409
0.400
0.390
0.401
0.399
1,601
1,815
1,376
554
5,346
0.22
0.17
0.12
0.11
0.16
8,809
12,205
12,430
5,628
39,072
2580
2565
2550
2535
2520
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1,344
7,121
8,397
8,487
7,579
32,928
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1,344
7,121
8,397
8,487
7,579
32,928
33,726
0.399
38,274
1.13
72,000
674
857
628
312
2,471
0.11
0.08
0.06
0.05
0.07
6,841
11,406
11,060
6,791
36,098
Total
2235
2220
2205
2190
6,167
10,549
10,432
6,479
33,627
0.401
0.415
0.436
0.431
0.422
2520
2505
2490
2475
2460
0
75
24
0
0
99
0.000
0.325
0.500
0.000
0.000
0.367
1,770
0.00
9,544 #####
9,771 #####
9,674
0.00
5,044
0.00
35,803 #####
1,770
9,619
9,795
9,674
5,044
35,902
33,726
0.422
38,274
1.13
72,000
153
515
231
102
46
1,047
0.05
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.03
3,334
8,812
8,365
7,782
5,626
33,919
2009
2010
Total
Mill Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
2008
2009
Bench
Total
2190
2175
2160
2145
2130
3,181
8,297
8,134
7,680
5,580
32,872
0.431
0.439
0.456
0.481
0.494
0.462
2460
2445
2430
2415
2400
6
102
334
412
0
854
0.150
0.259
0.324
0.335
0.000
0.320
4,432 #####
9,202 90.22
8,727 26.13
8,421 20.44
6,445
0.00
37,227 43.59
4,438
9,304
9,061
8,833
6,445
38,081
33,726
0.458
38,274
72,000
2010
Total
1.13
Pushback
2011
2130
2115
2100
3,240
6,302
3,197
12,739
0.494
0.479
0.458
0.477
26
53
30
109
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
3,266
6,355
3,227
12,848
2400
2385
2370
2355
2340
2325
2310
944
1,262
2,118
3,200
4,564
6,078
2,821
20,987
0.335
0.343
0.379
0.408
0.414
0.428
0.408
0.405
1,299
7,215
9,343
8,255
6,954
5,430
1,669
40,165
1.38
5.72
4.41
2.58
1.52
0.89
0.59
1.91
2,243
8,477
11,461
11,455
11,518
11,508
4,490
61,152
33,726
0.432
40,274
1.19
74,000
2011
2012
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2310
2295
2280
2265
5,782
10,048
10,650
7,246
33,726
0.408
0.419
0.438
0.458
0.431
757
1,322
712
244
3,035
0.13
0.13
0.07
0.03
0.09
6,539
11,370
11,362
7,490
36,761
2730
2715
2700
2685
2670
2655
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1,459
6,861
8,298
6,313
9,136
7,172
39,239
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1,459
6,861
8,298
6,313
9,136
7,172
39,239
33,726
0.431
42,274
1.25
76,000
122
14
12
73
221
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
3,742
10,893
10,439
8,853
33,927
Total
2265
2250
2235
2220
3,620
10,879
10,427
8,780
33,706
0.458
0.459
0.483
0.490
0.474
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
0
0
0
20
0
20
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.413
0.000
0.413
3,210
0.00
12,017
0.00
12,489
0.00
12,677 #####
1,660
0.00
42,053 #####
3,210
12,017
12,489
12,697
1,660
42,073
33,726
0.474
42,274
1.25
76,000
2013
2014
Total
Mill Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
2012
2013
Bench
Total
2220
2205
2190
2175
2160
1,762
9,721
9,285
9,040
3,594
33,402
0.490
0.474
0.486
0.474
0.468
0.477
15
170
181
156
13
535
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.02
1,777
9,891
9,466
9,196
3,607
33,937
2595
2580
2565
2550
53
2
40
229
324
0.300
0.300
0.250
0.296
0.291
11,220
12,983
13,347
4,189
41,739
#####
#####
#####
18.29
#####
11,273
12,985
13,387
4,418
42,063
33,726
0.476
42,274
1.25
76,000
2014
Total
Pushback
2015
2160
2145
2130
2115
2100
5,280
8,494
8,238
7,961
2,098
32,071
0.468
0.465
0.486
0.466
0.470
0.472
20
0
16
42
47
125
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.00
5,300
8,494
8,254
8,003
2,145
32,196
2550
2535
2520
2505
0
163
408
1,084
1,655
0.000
0.304
0.466
0.688
0.595
9,033
13,579
13,363
6,174
42,149
0.00
83.31
32.75
5.70
25.47
9,033
13,742
13,771
7,258
43,804
33,726
0.478
42,274
1.25
76,000
2015
2016
2017
Bench
Total
Mill Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2100
2085
2070
5,112
7,949
4,143
17,204
0.470
0.453
0.405
0.446
113
238
114
465
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
5,225
8,187
4,257
17,669
2505
2490
2475
2460
2445
2430
0
2,189
2,939
3,248
5,213
2,933
16,522
0.000
0.526
0.579
0.508
0.438
0.415
0.484
6,797
11,669
11,141
9,008
3,194
0
41,809
0.00
5.33
3.79
2.77
0.61
0.00
2.53
6,797
13,858
14,080
12,256
8,407
2,933
58,331
2016
Total
33,726
0.465
42,274
1.25
76,000
2445
2430
2415
2400
2385
2370
Total
0
3,823
7,916
8,686
8,626
4,675
33,726
0.000
0.415
0.401
0.403
0.423
0.430
0.413
3,849
5,441
4,022
3,022
2,784
891
20,009
0.00
1.42
0.51
0.35
0.32
0.19
0.59
3,849
9,264
11,938
11,708
11,410
5,566
53,735
2730
2715
2700
2685
2670
2655
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
69
1,150
1,461
1,462
1,596
527
6,265
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
69
1,150
1,461
1,462
1,596
527
6,265
33,726
0.413
26,274
0.78
60,000
2017
Total
Pushback
2018
2370
2355
2340
2325
4,704
9,930
10,252
8,840
33,726
0.430
0.421
0.394
0.388
0.405
897
1,084
677
325
2,983
0.19
0.11
0.07
0.04
0.09
5,601
11,014
10,929
9,165
36,709
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
2535
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1,136
1,738
1,898
2,030
2,200
2,494
4,552
4,754
2,489
23,291
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1,136
1,738
1,898
2,030
2,200
2,494
4,552
4,754
2,489
23,291
33,726
0.405
26,274
0.78
60,000
49
504
592
523
246
1,914
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.06
1,380
10,438
10,166
9,874
3,653
35,511
2018
2019
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2325
2310
2295
2280
2265
1,331
9,934
9,574
9,351
3,407
33,597
0.388
0.380
0.370
0.369
0.365
0.373
2535
2520
2505
2490
2475
0
0
49
40
40
129
0.000
0.000
0.325
0.263
0.263
0.286
2,667
0.00
5,837
0.00
6,589 #####
6,845 #####
2,422 60.55
24,360 #####
2,667
5,837
6,638
6,885
2,462
24,489
33,726
0.372
26,274
0.78
60,000
Total
2265
2250
2235
2220
2205
5,469
8,420
8,085
7,366
3,866
33,206
0.365
0.365
0.350
0.339
0.331
0.352
396
775
780
1,068
415
3,434
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.14
0.11
0.10
5,865
9,195
8,865
8,434
4,281
36,640
2475
2460
2445
2430
0
210
310
0
520
0.000
0.168
0.200
0.000
0.187
4,626
7,088
7,187
3,939
22,840
0.00
33.75
23.18
0.00
43.92
4,626
7,298
7,497
3,939
23,360
33,726
0.349
26,274
0.78
60,000
2020
2021
Total
Mill Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
2019
2020
Bench
Total
2205
2190
2175
2160
2145
2130
3,433
7,105
7,174
6,782
6,138
769
31,401
0.331
0.331
0.323
0.319
0.319
0.515
0.329
368
857
510
622
847
251
3,455
0.11
0.12
0.07
0.09
0.14
0.33
0.11
3,801
7,962
7,684
7,404
6,985
1,020
34,856
2430
2415
2400
2385
473
385
618
849
2,325
0.230
0.295
0.333
0.360
0.315
3,249
7,490
7,466
4,614
22,819
6.87
19.45
12.08
5.43
9.81
3,722
7,875
8,084
5,463
25,144
33,726
0.328
26,274
0.78
60,000
2021
Total
Pushback
2022
2130
2115
2100
2085
2070
2055
4,285
4,457
5,170
4,963
5,668
2,528
27,071
0.335
0.345
0.374
0.369
0.429
0.398
0.376
1,399
1,331
1,181
642
947
202
5,702
0.33
0.30
0.23
0.13
0.17
0.08
0.21
5,684
5,788
6,351
5,605
6,615
2,730
32,773
2385
2370
2355
2340
0
1,561
2,183
2,911
6,655
0.000
0.306
0.345
0.370
0.347
2,796
6,876
6,447
4,453
20,572
0.00
4.40
2.95
1.53
3.09
2,796
8,437
8,630
7,364
27,227
33,726
0.370
26,274
0.78
60,000
2022
2023
Bench
Total
Mill Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2055
2040
2025
4,394
5,222
3,648
13,264
0.398
0.394
0.378
0.391
351
345
330
1,026
0.08
0.07
0.09
0.08
4,745
5,567
3,978
14,290
2340
2325
2310
2295
2280
2265
0
3,272
3,646
3,883
4,551
5,110
20,462
0.000
0.380
0.393
0.403
0.421
0.444
0.412
1,439
5,644
5,458
4,997
4,210
3,203
24,951
0.00
1.72
1.50
1.29
0.93
0.63
1.22
1,439
8,916
9,104
8,880
8,761
8,313
45,413
33,726
0.403
25,977
0.77
59,703
2023
Total
2024
2265
2250
2235
2220
2205
2190
68
6,336
7,288
7,648
7,612
4,774
33,726
0.444
0.441
0.436
0.440
0.464
0.475
0.450
223
2,106
995
528
362
0
4,214
3.28
0.33
0.14
0.07
0.05
0.00
0.12
291
8,442
8,283
8,176
7,974
4,774
37,940
2025
2190
2175
2160
2145
2130
2115
2,978
7,425
7,353
7,293
7,110
1,567
33,726
0.475
0.491
0.491
0.515
0.515
0.564
0.503
0
141
47
0
0
0
188
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
2,978
7,566
7,400
7,293
7,110
1,567
33,914
2026
2115
2100
2085
2070
2055
2040
5,524
7,035
6,968
6,815
6,743
641
33,726
0.564
0.569
0.569
0.554
0.554
0.545
0.561
0
8
38
43
87
18
194
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.01
5,524
7,043
7,006
6,858
6,830
659
33,920
2027
2040
2025
2010
1995
1980
5,589
5,763
7,550
5,580
3,180
27,662
0.545
0.533
0.483
0.468
0.455
0.499
157
206
349
233
80
1,025
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.04
5,746
5,969
7,899
5,813
3,260
28,687
Table 4-23
Smoothed Mine Production Schedule
Phase
2001
2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220
152
4,562
6,308
6,790
6,490
1,063
25,365
0.505
0.508
0.525
0.519
0.513
0.521
0.517
2520
2505
2490
2475
0
1
177
466
644
2002
2003
Bench
Mill Ore
ktonnes
TCu
Year
Waste
ktonnes
0
0
77
14
0
0
91
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
152
4,562
6,385
6,804
6,490
1,063
25,456
0.000
0.511
0.491
0.506
0.502
358
0.00
7,257 #####
10,877 61.45
9,051 19.42
27,543 42.77
358
7,258
11,054
9,517
28,187
26,009
0.516
27,634
1.06
53,643
2220
2205
7,741
6,617
14,358
0.521
0.518
0.520
0
40
40
0.00
0.01
0.00
7,741
6,657
14,398
2460
2445
2430
2415
2400
2385
2370
1,060
1,670
2,658
3,049
3,768
4,063
1,081
17,349
0.515
0.413
0.445
0.470
0.481
0.524
0.528
0.482
9,753
9,071
6,993
6,167
5,074
4,421
74
41,553
9.20
5.43
2.63
2.02
1.35
1.09
0.07
2.40
10,813
10,741
9,651
9,216
8,842
8,484
1,155
58,902
31,707
0.499
41,593
1.31
73,300
3,750
2,847
2,275
726
170
0
9,768
1.11
0.58
0.43
0.11
0.02
0.00
0.29
7,119
7,788
7,589
7,483
7,470
6,043
43,492
2370
2355
2340
2325
2310
2295
3,369
4,941
5,314
6,757
7,300
6,043
33,724
0.528
0.530
0.528
0.516
0.509
0.508
0.518
2670
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
2535
2520
2505
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.453
0.000
0.000
0.453
11
0.00
180
0.00
784
0.00
925
0.00
1,178
0.00
1,652
0.00
2,649
0.00
3,098
0.00
3,316
0.00
4,721 #####
5,129
0.00
4,863
0.00
28,506 #####
11
180
784
925
1,178
1,652
2,649
3,098
3,316
4,723
5,129
4,863
28,508
33,726
0.518
38,274
72,000
1.13
2005
2006
Phase
Bench
Mill Ore
ktonnes
TCu
2295
2280
2265
2250
2235
2220
1,837
7,506
6,914
6,338
6,010
3,554
32,159
0.508
0.518
0.529
0.544
0.531
0.539
0.529
2505
2490
2475
2460
2445
2430
0
0
0
36
35
1,496
1,567
Waste
ktonnes
0
0
0
93
41
26
160
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
1,837
7,506
6,914
6,431
6,051
3,580
32,319
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.438
0.381
0.459
0.457
749
0.00
5,671
0.00
6,030
0.00
6,716 #####
8,086 #####
10,862
7.26
38,114 24.32
749
5,671
6,030
6,752
8,121
12,358
39,681
33,726
0.526
38,274
1.13
72,000
2220
2205
2190
2175
7,258
4,911
9,772
876
22,817
0.539
0.540
0.526
0.533
0.533
54
0
3
0
57
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7,312
4,911
9,775
876
22,874
2430
2415
2400
2385
0
2,440
3,683
4,786
10,909
0.000
0.488
0.476
0.490
0.485
178
10,033
8,851
7,837
26,899
0.00
4.11
2.40
1.64
2.47
178
12,473
12,534
12,623
37,808
2730
2715
2700
2685
2670
2655
2640
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
35
240
1,166
1,565
2,938
3,337
2,037
11,318
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
35
240
1,166
1,565
2,938
3,337
2,037
11,318
33,726
0.518
38,274
1.13
72,000
2175
2160
2145
7,235
5,836
3,776
16,847
0.533
0.513
0.536
0.527
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7,235
5,836
3,776
16,847
2370
2355
2340
6,313
6,557
4,009
16,879
0.466
0.475
0.458
0.468
3,742
3,647
2,181
9,570
0.59
0.56
0.54
0.57
10,055
10,204
6,190
26,449
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1,374
3,955
5,085
5,319
6,273
6,698
28,704
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1,374
3,955
5,085
5,319
6,273
6,698
28,704
33,726
0.497
38,274
1.13
72,000
2008
2009
2010
Phase
Bench
Mill Ore
ktonnes
TCu
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2340
2325
2310
2295
2280
3,666
8,230
9,301
10,008
2,521
33,726
0.458
0.450
0.430
0.419
0.409
0.433
1,995
4,127
3,388
2,245
560
12,315
0.54
0.50
0.36
0.22
0.22
0.37
5,661
12,357
12,689
12,253
3,081
46,041
2565
2550
2535
2520
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
423
8,397
8,487
8,652
25,959
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
423
8,397
8,487
8,652
25,959
33,726
0.433
38,274
1.13
72,000
2280
2265
2250
2235
7,208
10,390
11,054
4,969
33,621
0.409
0.400
0.390
0.401
0.399
1,601
1,815
1,376
543
5,335
0.22
0.17
0.12
0.11
0.16
8,809
12,205
12,430
5,512
38,956
2520
2505
2490
2475
2460
0
75
24
0
6
105
0.000
0.325
0.500
0.000
0.150
0.355
697
9,544
9,771
9,674
3,253
32,939
0.00
#####
#####
0.00
#####
#####
697
9,619
9,795
9,674
3,259
33,044
33,726
0.399
38,274
1.13
72,000
2235
2220
2205
2190
6,272
10,549
10,432
5,625
32,878
0.401
0.415
0.436
0.431
0.422
685
857
627
271
2,440
0.11
0.08
0.06
0.05
0.07
6,957
11,406
11,059
5,896
35,318
2460
2445
2430
2415
2400
0
102
334
412
0
848
0.000
0.259
0.324
0.335
0.000
0.322
6,223
9,202
8,727
8,421
3,261
35,834
0.00
90.22
26.13
20.44
0.00
42.26
6,223
9,304
9,061
8,833
3,261
36,682
33,726
0.419
38,274
1.13
72,000
2190
2175
2160
2145
4,035
8,297
8,134
3,582
24,048
0.431
0.439
0.456
0.481
0.450
194
515
231
48
988
0.05
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.04
4,229
8,812
8,365
3,630
25,036
2400
2385
2370
2355
2340
944
1,262
2,118
3,200
2,154
9,678
0.335
0.343
0.379
0.408
0.414
0.387
4,483
7,215
9,343
8,255
3,282
32,578
4.75
5.72
4.41
2.58
1.52
3.37
5,427
8,477
11,461
11,455
5,436
42,256
2730
2715
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
1,459
3,249
4,708
0.00
0.00
0.00
1,459
3,249
4,708
33,726
0.432
38,274
1.13
72,000
2012
2013
2014
Phase
Bench
Mill Ore
ktonnes
TCu
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2145
2130
2115
2100
4,098
8,820
0
0
12,918
0.481
0.494
0.000
0.000
0.490
54
72
0
0
126
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
4,152
8,892
0
0
13,044
2340
2325
2310
2295
2,410
6,078
8,603
3,717
20,808
0.414
0.428
0.408
0.419
0.417
3,672
5,430
2,426
489
12,017
1.52
0.89
0.28
0.13
0.58
6,082
11,508
11,029
4,206
32,825
2715
2700
2685
2670
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
3,612
8,298
6,313
7,908
26,131
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3,612
8,298
6,313
7,908
26,131
33,726
0.445
38,274
1.13
72,000
2115
2100
6,302
3,197
9,499
0.479
0.458
0.472
53
30
83
0.01
0.01
0.01
6,355
3,227
9,582
2295
2280
2265
6,331
10,650
7,246
24,227
0.419
0.438
0.458
0.439
833
712
244
1,789
0.13
0.07
0.03
0.07
7,164
11,362
7,490
26,016
2670
2655
2640
2625
2610
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1,228
10,382
12,017
12,489
286
36,402
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1,228
10,382
12,017
12,489
286
36,402
33,726
0.448
38,274
1.13
72,000
2265
2250
2235
2220
3,620
10,879
10,427
8,725
33,651
0.458
0.459
0.483
0.490
0.474
122
14
12
88
236
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
3,742
10,893
10,439
8,813
33,887
2610
2595
2580
20
53
2
75
0.413
0.300
0.300
0.330
12,391
12,880
12,767
38,038
#####
#####
#####
#####
12,411
12,933
12,769
38,113
33,726
0.474
38,274
1.13
72,000
0
170
181
156
33
540
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
1,817
9,891
9,466
9,196
3,464
33,834
2220
2205
2190
2175
2160
1,817
9,721
9,285
9,040
3,431
33,294
0.490
0.474
0.486
0.474
0.468
0.478
2580
2565
2550
2535
0
40
229
163
432
0.000
0.250
0.296
0.304
0.295
216
0.00
13,347 #####
13,222 57.74
10,949 67.17
37,734 87.35
216
13,387
13,451
11,112
38,166
33,726
0.475
38,274
72,000
1.13
2016
2017
2018
Phase
Bench
Mill Ore
ktonnes
TCu
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2160
2145
2130
2115
5,443
8,494
8,238
7,870
30,045
0.468
0.465
0.486
0.466
0.472
0
0
16
42
58
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
5,443
8,494
8,254
7,912
30,103
2535
2520
2505
2490
0
408
1,084
2,189
3,681
0.000
0.466
0.688
0.526
0.567
2,630
13,363
12,971
9,252
38,216
0.00
32.75
11.97
4.23
10.38
2,630
13,771
14,055
11,441
41,897
33,726
0.482
38,274
1.13
72,000
2115
2100
2085
2070
91
7,210
7,949
4,143
19,393
0.466
0.470
0.453
0.405
0.449
0
160
238
114
512
0.00
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
91
7,370
8,187
4,257
19,905
2490
2475
2460
2445
2430
0
2,939
3,248
5,213
2,933
14,333
0.000
0.579
0.508
0.438
0.415
0.478
2,417
11,141
9,008
7,043
2,361
31,970
0.00
3.79
2.77
1.35
0.80
2.23
2,417
14,080
12,256
12,256
5,294
46,303
2730
2715
2700
2685
2670
2655
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
69
1,150
1,461
1,462
1,596
54
5,792
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
69
1,150
1,461
1,462
1,596
54
5,792
33,726
0.461
38,274
1.13
72,000
2430
2415
2400
2385
2370
3,823
7,916
8,686
8,626
4,675
33,726
0.415
0.401
0.403
0.423
0.430
0.413
3,080
4,022
3,022
2,784
891
13,799
0.81
0.51
0.35
0.32
0.19
0.41
6,903
11,938
11,708
11,410
5,566
47,525
2655
2640
2625
2610
2595
2580
2565
2550
2535
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1,609
1,738
1,898
2,030
2,200
2,494
4,552
4,754
3,200
24,475
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1,609
1,738
1,898
2,030
2,200
2,494
4,552
4,754
3,200
24,475
33,726
0.413
38,274
1.13
72,000
2370
2355
2340
2325
4,704
9,930
10,252
8,501
33,387
0.430
0.421
0.394
0.388
0.406
897
1,084
677
253
2,911
0.19
0.11
0.07
0.03
0.09
5,601
11,014
10,929
8,754
36,298
2535
2520
2505
2490
2475
2460
0
0
49
40
40
210
339
0.000
0.000
0.325
0.263
0.263
0.168
0.213
1,956
5,837
6,589
6,845
7,048
7,088
35,363
0.00
0.00
#####
#####
#####
33.75
#####
1,956
5,837
6,638
6,885
7,088
7,298
35,702
33,726
0.404
38,274
1.13
72,000
2020
2021
2022
Phase
Bench
Mill Ore
ktonnes
TCu
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2325
2310
2295
2280
2265
1,670
9,934
9,574
9,351
562
31,091
0.388
0.380
0.370
0.369
0.365
0.374
121
504
592
523
41
1,781
0.07
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.06
1,791
10,438
10,166
9,874
603
32,872
2445
2430
2415
2400
2385
310
473
385
618
849
2,635
0.200
0.230
0.295
0.333
0.360
0.302
7,187
7,188
7,490
7,466
7,162
36,493
23.18
15.20
19.45
12.08
8.44
13.85
7,497
7,661
7,875
8,084
8,011
39,128
33,726
0.368
38,274
1.13
72,000
2265
2250
2235
8,314
8,420
8,085
24,819
0.365
0.365
0.350
0.360
601
775
780
2,156
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.09
8,915
9,195
8,865
26,975
2385
2370
2355
2340
2325
0
1,561
2,183
2,911
2,252
8,907
0.000
0.306
0.345
0.370
0.380
0.355
248
6,876
6,447
5,892
4,655
24,118
0.00
4.40
2.95
2.02
2.07
2.71
248
8,437
8,630
8,803
6,907
33,025
33,726
0.359
26,274
0.78
60,000
2220
2205
2190
2175
7,366
7,299
7,105
3,407
25,177
0.339
0.331
0.331
0.323
0.332
1,068
783
857
242
2,950
0.14
0.11
0.12
0.07
0.12
8,434
8,082
7,962
3,649
28,127
2325
2310
2295
2280
1,020
3,646
3,883
0
8,549
0.380
0.393
0.403
0.000
0.396
989
5,458
4,997
1,880
13,324
0.97
1.50
1.29
0.00
1.56
2,009
9,104
8,880
1,880
21,873
33,726
0.348
16,274
0.48
50,000
2175
2160
2145
2130
3,767
6,782
6,138
5,054
21,741
0.323
0.319
0.319
0.335
0.323
268
622
847
1,650
3,387
0.07
0.09
0.14
0.33
0.16
4,035
7,404
6,985
6,704
25,128
2280
2265
2250
2235
4,551
5,178
2,256
0
11,985
0.421
0.444
0.441
0.000
0.435
2,330
3,426
2,106
25
7,887
0.51
0.66
0.93
0.00
0.66
6,881
8,604
4,362
25
19,872
33,726
0.363
11,274
0.33
45,000
2024
Phase
Bench
Mill Ore
ktonnes
TCu
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2115
2100
2085
2070
4,457
5,170
4,963
5,668
20,258
0.345
0.374
0.369
0.429
0.382
1,331
1,181
642
947
4,101
0.30
0.23
0.13
0.17
0.20
5,788
6,351
5,605
6,615
24,359
2250
2235
2220
4,080
7,288
2,100
13,468
0.441
0.436
0.440
0.438
0
970
145
1,115
0.00
0.13
0.07
0.08
4,080
8,258
2,245
14,583
33,726
0.404
5,216
0.15
38,942
2055
2040
2025
6,922
5,222
3,648
15,792
0.398
0.394
0.378
0.392
553
345
330
1,228
0.08
0.07
0.09
0.08
7,475
5,567
3,978
17,020
2220
2205
2190
5,548
7,612
4,774
17,934
0.440
0.464
0.475
0.460
383
362
0
745
0.07
0.05
0.00
0.04
5,931
7,974
4,774
18,679
33,726
0.428
1,973
0.06
35,699
2025
2190
2175
2160
2145
2130
2115
2,978
7,425
7,353
7,293
7,110
1,567
33,726
0.475
0.491
0.491
0.515
0.515
0.564
0.503
0
141
47
0
0
0
188
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
2,978
7,566
7,400
7,293
7,110
1,567
33,914
2026
2115
2100
2085
2070
2055
2040
5,524
7,035
6,968
6,815
6,743
641
33,726
0.564
0.569
0.569
0.554
0.554
0.545
0.562
0
8
38
43
87
11
187
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
5,524
7,043
7,006
6,858
6,830
652
33,913
2027
2040
2025
2010
1995
1980
5,589
5,763
7,550
5,580
3,180
27,662
0.545
0.533
0.483
0.468
0.455
0.499
164
206
349
233
80
1,032
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.04
5,753
5,969
7,899
5,813
3,260
28,694
Table 4-24
Exposed Ore Inventory at End of Year
Revised (Unsmoothed) Mine Production Schedule
Exposed
Ore
ktonnes
Months
@ 33,726
ktpy
Year
Pushback
Exposed
Ore
ktonnes
Months
@ 33,726
ktpy
Year
Pushback
2001
14,364
5.1
2015
17,204
6.1
2002
105,547
37.6
2016
202,168
71.9
2003
71,823
25.6
2017
172,265
61.3
2004
39,133
13.9
2018
138,539
49.3
2005
12,061
4.3
2019
104,942
37.3
2006
146,720
52.2
2020
71,736
25.5
2007
112,994
40.2
2021
40,335
14.4
2008
79,268
28.2
2022
13,264
4.7
2009
45,641
16.2
2023
128,840
45.8
2010
12,769
4.5
2024
95,114
33.8
2011
150,109
53.4
2025
61,388
21.8
2012
116,383
41.4
2026
27,662
9.8
2013
82,677
29.4
2027
0.0
2014
49,275
17.5
Table 4-25
Exposed Ore Inventory at End of Year
Smoothed Mine Production Schedule @ 75,000 ktpy
Exposed
Ore
ktonnes
Months
@ 33,726
ktpy
Year
Pushback
Exposed
Ore
ktonnes
Months
@ 33,726
ktpy
Year
Pushback
2001
14,364
5.1
2017
172,265
61.3
2002
105,547
37.6
2018
138,878
49.4
2003
71,823
25.6
2019
107,787
38.4
2004
39,664
14.1
2020
82,968
29.5
2005
5
6
16,847
163,599
180,446
2021
57,791
20.6
64.2
2022
8
9
36,050
126,516
162,566
57.8
15,792
113,048
128,840
45.8
2006
146,752
52.2
2007
113,026
40.2
2008
79,405
28.3
2009
46,527
16.6
2024
95,114
33.8
2010
22,479
8.0
2025
61,388
21.8
2011
6
7
9,561
140,610
150,171
2026
27,662
9.8
53.4
2027
0.0
2012
116,383
41.4
2013
82,732
29.4
2014
49,438
17.6
2015
19,393
6.9
2016
202,168
71.9
2023
8
9
Table 4-26
Potential Operating Cost Savings Resulting From
Minimizing Stripped Ore Exposure
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
53,182
73,309
74,152
64,639
75,709
91,188
79,783
69,248
64,064
74,672
99,958
85,433
74,652
74,229
80,352
66,935
65,708
65,431
59,458
41,655
35,939
35,903
36,224
36,432
34,877
35,948
28,306
1,677,386
Unsmoothed Schedule
Exposed
Ore
TotMtl
(months)
ktonnes
5.1
37.6
25.6
13.9
4.3
52.2
40.2
28.2
16.2
4.5
53.4
41.4
29.4
17.5
6.1
71.9
61.3
49.3
37.3
25.5
14.4
4.7
45.8
33.8
21.8
9.8
0.0
53,643
73,300
63,000
63,000
63,000
65,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
74,000
76,000
76,000
76,000
76,000
76,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
59,703
37,940
33,914
33,920
28,645
1,677,065
Smoothed Schedule
Exposed
Ore
TotMtl
(months)
ktonnes
5.1
37.6
25.6
14.1
64.2
52.2
40.2
28.3
16.6
8.0
53.4
41.4
29.4
17.6
6.9
71.9
61.3
49.4
38.4
29.5
20.6
57.8
45.8
33.8
21.8
9.8
0.0
53,643
73,300
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
60,000
50,000
45,000
38,942
35,699
33,914
33,913
28,661
1,677,072
Potential Savings
Unsmoothed Schedule
Smoothed Schedule
(ktonnes)
($x1000 @ $0.70)
(ktonnes)
($x1000 @ $0.70)
Year
Cmltv
Year
Cmltv
Year
Cmltv
Year
Cmltv
461
461
-9
452
-11,152
-10,700
-1,639
-12,339
-12,709
-25,048
-26,188
-51,236
-7,783
-59,019
2,752
-56,267
7,936
-48,331
-2,672
-51,003
-25,958
-76,961
-9,433
-86,394
1,348
-85,046
1,771
-83,275
-4,352
-87,627
9,065
-78,562
-5,708
-84,270
-5,431
-89,701
542
-89,159
18,345
-70,814
24,061
-46,753
24,097
-22,656
23,479
823
1,508
2,331
-963
1,368
-2,028
-660
339
-321
NPV @ 20% =
NPV @ 15% =
NPV @ 10% =
323
-6
-7,806
-1,147
-8,896
-18,332
-5,448
1,926
5,555
-1,870
-18,171
-6,603
944
1,240
-3,046
6,346
-3,996
-3,802
379
12,842
16,843
16,868
16,435
1,056
-674
-1,420
237
-16,738
-20,229
-23,127
323
316
-7,490
-8,637
-17,534
-35,865
-41,313
-39,387
-33,832
-35,702
-53,873
-60,476
-59,532
-58,293
-61,339
-54,993
-58,989
-62,791
-62,411
-49,570
-32,727
-15,859
576
1,632
958
-462
-225
461
461
-9
452
-2,152
-1,700
7,361
5,661
-3,709
1,952
-19,188
-17,236
-7,783
-25,019
2,752
-22,267
7,936
-14,331
-2,672
-17,003
-27,958
-44,961
-13,433
-58,394
-2,652
-61,046
-2,229
-63,275
-8,352
-71,627
5,065
-66,562
6,292
-60,270
6,569
-53,701
12,542
-41,159
18,345
-22,814
14,061
-8,753
9,097
344
2,718
3,062
-733
2,329
-963
1,366
-2,035
-669
355
-314
NPV @ 20% =
NPV @ 15% =
NPV @ 10% =
323
-6
-1,506
5,153
-2,596
-13,432
-5,448
1,926
5,555
-1,870
-19,571
-9,403
-1,856
-1,560
-5,846
3,546
4,404
4,598
8,779
12,842
9,843
6,368
1,903
-513
-674
-1,425
249
-6,817
-8,986
-11,055
323
316
-1,190
3,963
1,366
-12,065
-17,513
-15,587
-10,032
-11,902
-31,473
-40,876
-42,732
-44,293
-50,139
-46,593
-42,189
-37,591
-28,811
-15,970
-6,127
241
2,143
1,630
956
-468
-220
Figure 4-9
Exposed Ore Inventory Comparison
90
84
78
72
66
60
54
48
42
36
30
24
18
12
6
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
End of Year
Original Mine Plan
Unsmoothed Schedule
Smoothed Schedule
Table 4-27
Original Mine Plan
Annual Summary by Pushback
Year
Pushback
Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2001
4
5
25,364
645
26,009
0.517
0.502
0.516
91
27,082
27,173
0.00
41.99
1.04
25,455
27,727
53,182
2002
4
5
14,358
17,349
31,707
0.520
0.482
0.499
40
41,562
41,602
0.00
2.40
1.31
14,398
58,911
73,309
2003
5
6
33,727
2
33,729
0.518
0.453
0.518
10,487
0.31
29,936 ######
40,423
1.20
44,214
29,938
74,152
2004
5
6
32,252
1,567
33,819
0.529
0.457
0.526
174
30,646
30,820
0.01
19.56
0.91
32,426
32,213
64,639
2005
5
6
7
21,844
11,880
0
33,724
0.533
0.483
0.000
0.516
44
32,940
9,001
41,985
0.00
2.77
0.00
1.24
21,888
44,820
9,001
75,709
2006
6
7
33,727
0
33,727
0.456
0.000
0.456
19,080
38,381
57,461
0.57
0.00
1.70
52,807
38,381
91,188
2007
6
7
33,629
99
33,728
0.411
0.367
0.411
6,219
39,836
46,055
0.18
402.38
1.37
39,848
39,935
79,783
2008
6
7
33,376
442
33,818
0.403
0.306
0.401
3,460
31,970
35,430
0.10
72.33
1.05
36,836
32,412
69,248
2009
5
6
7
3,375
27,734
2,618
33,727
0.533
0.435
0.339
0.437
0
1,607
28,730
30,337
0.00
0.06
10.97
0.90
3,375
29,341
31,348
64,064
2010
5
6
7
8
9,630
8,134
15,960
0
33,724
0.522
0.456
0.413
0.000
0.455
0
232
28,517
12,199
40,948
0.00
0.03
1.79
0.00
1.21
9,630
8,366
44,477
12,199
74,672
2011
5
7
8
941
32,785
0
33,726
0.513
0.426
0.000
0.428
0
4,459
61,773
66,232
0.00
0.14
0.00
1.96
941
37,244
61,773
99,958
2012
7
8
33,701
115
33,816
0.470
0.302
0.470
392
51,225
51,617
0.01
445.43
1.53
34,093
51,340
85,433
2013
7
8
31,841
1,884
33,725
0.480
0.559
0.485
596
40,331
40,927
0.02
21.41
1.21
32,437
42,215
74,652
2014
6
7
8
6,248
19,102
8,376
33,726
0.488
0.467
0.537
0.488
102
33
40,368
40,503
0.02
0.00
4.82
1.20
6,350
19,135
48,744
74,229
Pushback
Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2015
5
6
7
8
9
3,776
10,252
5,214
14,484
0
33,726
0.536
0.492
0.486
0.421
0.000
0.465
0
72
16
13,277
33,261
46,626
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.92
0.00
1.38
3,776
10,324
5,230
27,761
33,261
80,352
2016
7
8
9
3,024
30,664
129
33,817
0.486
0.415
0.286
0.421
0
8,727
24,391
33,118
0.00
0.28
189.08
0.98
3,024
39,391
24,520
66,935
2017
8
9
32,733
993
33,726
0.401
0.207
0.396
2,640
29,342
31,982
0.08
29.55
0.95
35,373
30,335
65,708
2018
8
9
28,130
5,596
33,726
0.373
0.332
0.366
1,115
30,590
31,705
0.04
5.47
0.94
29,245
36,186
65,431
2019
8
9
15,462
18,263
33,725
0.365
0.317
0.339
1,417
24,316
25,733
0.09
1.33
0.76
16,879
42,579
59,458
2020
8
9
9,696
24,124
33,820
0.352
0.440
0.415
780
7,055
7,835
0.08
0.29
0.23
10,476
31,179
41,655
2021
8
9
16,036
17,690
33,726
0.335
0.466
0.403
1,851
362
2,213
0.12
0.02
0.07
17,887
18,052
35,939
2022
8
9
18,948
14,778
33,726
0.324
0.491
0.397
1,989
188
2,177
0.10
0.01
0.06
20,937
14,966
35,903
2023
8
9
12,232
21,494
33,726
0.326
0.531
0.457
2,498
0
2,498
0.20
0.00
0.07
14,730
21,494
36,224
2024
6
7
8
9
6,302
11,152
9,329
7,035
33,818
0.479
0.467
0.361
0.569
0.461
54
41
2,512
7
2,614
0.01
0.00
0.27
0.00
0.08
6,356
11,193
11,841
7,042
36,432
2025
6
7
8
9
3,197
11,968
4,963
13,597
33,725
0.458
0.458
0.369
0.561
0.487
31
398
642
81
1,152
0.01
0.03
0.13
0.01
0.03
3,228
12,366
5,605
13,678
34,877
2026
7
8
9
4,143
16,425
13,159
33,727
0.405
0.407
0.550
0.463
114
1,845
262
2,221
0.03
0.11
0.02
0.07
4,257
18,270
13,421
35,948
2027
8
9
5,035
22,073
27,108
0.382
0.488
0.468
330
868
1,198
0.07
0.04
0.04
5,365
22,941
28,306
Table 4-28
Revised (Unsmoothed)
Production Schedule
Annual Summary by Pushback
Year
Pushback
Mill Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2001
4
5
25,365
644
26,009
0.517
0.502
0.516
91
27,543
27,634
0.00
42.77
1.06
25,456
28,187
53,643
2002
4
5
14,358
17,349
31,707
0.520
0.482
0.499
40
41,553
41,593
0.00
2.40
1.31
14,398
58,902
73,300
2003
5
6
33,724
2
33,726
0.518
0.453
0.518
9,768
0.29
19,506 #####
29,274
0.87
43,492
19,508
63,000
2004
5
6
33,690
36
33,726
0.530
0.438
0.530
214
0.01
29,060 #####
29,274
0.87
33,904
29,096
63,000
2005
5
6
26,072
7,654
33,726
0.533
0.464
0.517
4
29,270
29,274
0.00
3.82
0.87
26,076
36,924
63,000
2006
5
6
7
12,061
21,665
0
33,726
0.524
0.473
0.000
0.491
0
0.00
25,253
1.17
6,021 #####
31,274
0.93
12,061
46,918
6,021
65,000
2007
6
7
33,726
0
33,726
0.433
0.000
0.433
12,315
0.37
25,959 #####
38,274
1.13
46,041
25,959
72,000
2008
6
7
33,726
0
33,726
0.399
0.000
0.399
5,346
0.16
32,928 #####
38,274
1.13
39,072
32,928
72,000
2009
6
7
33,627
99
33,726
0.422
0.367
0.422
2,471
0.07
35,803 #####
38,274
1.13
36,098
35,902
72,000
2010
6
7
32,872
854
33,726
0.462
0.320
0.458
1,047
37,227
38,274
0.03
43.59
1.13
33,919
38,081
72,000
2011
6
7
12,739
20,987
33,726
0.477
0.405
0.432
109
40,165
40,274
0.01
1.91
1.19
12,848
61,152
74,000
2012
7
8
33,726
0
33,726
0.431
0.000
0.431
3,035
0.09
39,239 #####
42,274
1.25
36,761
39,239
76,000
2013
7
8
33,706
20
33,726
0.474
0.413
0.474
221
0.01
42,053 #####
42,274
1.25
33,927
42,073
76,000
2014
7
8
33,402
324
33,726
0.477
0.291
0.476
535
0.02
41,739 #####
42,274
1.25
33,937
42,063
76,000
2015
7
8
32,071
1,655
33,726
0.472
0.595
0.478
125
42,149
42,274
0.00
25.47
1.25
32,196
43,804
76,000
2016
7
8
17,204
16,522
33,726
0.446
0.484
0.465
465
41,809
42,274
0.03
2.53
1.25
17,669
58,331
76,000
Pushback
Mill Ore
ktonnes
%TCu
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2017
8
9
33,726
0
33,726
0.413
0.000
0.413
20,009
0.59
6,265 #####
26,274
0.78
53,735
6,265
60,000
2018
8
9
33,726
0
33,726
0.405
0.000
0.405
2,983
0.09
23,291 #####
26,274
0.78
36,709
23,291
60,000
2019
8
9
33,597
129
33,726
0.373
0.286
0.373
1,914
0.06
24,360 #####
26,274
0.78
35,511
24,489
60,000
2020
8
9
33,206
520
33,726
0.352
0.187
0.349
3,434
22,840
26,274
0.10
43.92
0.78
36,640
23,360
60,000
2021
8
9
31,401
2,325
33,726
0.329
0.315
0.328
3,455
22,819
26,274
0.11
9.81
0.78
34,856
25,144
60,000
2022
8
9
27,071
6,655
33,726
0.376
0.347
0.370
5,702
20,572
26,274
0.21
3.09
0.78
32,773
27,227
60,000
2023
8
9
13,264
20,462
33,726
0.391
0.412
0.404
1,026
24,951
25,977
0.08
1.22
0.77
14,290
45,413
59,703
2024
33,726
0.450
4,214
0.12
37,940
2025
33,726
0.503
188
0.01
33,914
2026
33,726
0.561
194
0.01
33,920
2027
27,620
0.499
1,025
0.04
28,645
Table 4-29
Revised (Smoothed)
Production Schedule
Annual Summary by Pushback
Year
Pushback
Mill Ore
ktonnes %TCu
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2001
4
5
25,365
644
26,009
0.517
0.502
0.516
91
27,543
27,634
0.00
42.77
1.06
25,456
28,187
53,643
2002
4
5
14,358
17,349
31,707
0.520
0.482
0.499
40
41,553
41,593
0.00
2.40
1.27
14,398
58,902
72,000
2003
5
6
33,724
2
33,726
0.518
0.453
0.518
9,768
0.29
28,506 #####
38,274
1.13
43,492
28,508
72,000
2004
5
6
32,159
1,567
33,726
0.529
0.457
0.526
160
38,114
38,274
0.00
24.32
1.13
32,319
39,681
72,000
2005
5
6
7
22,817
10,909
0
33,726
0.533
0.485
0.000
0.517
57
0.00
26,899
2.47
11,318 #####
38,274
1.13
22,874
37,808
11,318
72,000
2006
5
6
7
16,805
16,921
0
33,726
0.527
0.468
0.000
0.497
0
0.00
9,570
0.57
28,704 #####
38,274
1.13
16,805
26,491
28,704
72,000
2007
6
7
33,726
0
33,726
0.433
0.000
0.433
12,315
0.37
25,959 #####
38,274
1.13
46,041
25,959
72,000
2008
6
7
33,621
105
33,726
0.399
0.355
0.399
5,335
0.16
32,939 #####
38,274
1.13
38,956
33,044
72,000
2009
6
7
32,878
848
33,726
0.422
0.322
0.419
2,440
35,834
38,274
0.07
42.26
1.13
35,318
36,682
72,000
2010
6
7
8
24,048
9,678
0
33,726
0.450
0.387
0.000
0.432
988
0.04
32,578
3.37
4,708 #####
38,274
1.13
25,036
42,256
4,708
72,000
2011
6
7
8
12,876
20,850
0
33,726
0.490
0.417
0.000
0.445
126
0.01
12,017
0.58
26,131 #####
38,274
1.13
13,002
32,867
26,131
72,000
2012
6
7
8
9,499
24,227
0
33,726
0.472
0.439
0.000
0.448
83
0.01
1,789
0.07
36,402 #####
38,274
1.13
9,582
26,016
36,402
72,000
2013
7
8
33,651
75
33,726
0.474
0.330
0.474
236
0.01
38,038 #####
38,274
1.13
33,887
38,113
72,000
2014
7
8
33,294
432
33,726
0.478
0.295
0.476
540
37,734
38,274
33,834
38,166
72,000
0.02
87.35
1.13
Pushback
Mill Ore
ktonnes %TCu
Waste
ktonnes
W:O
Ratio
TotMtl
ktonnes
2015
7
8
30,045
3,681
33,726
0.472
0.567
0.482
58
38,216
38,274
0.00
10.38
1.13
30,103
41,897
72,000
2016
7
8
9
19,393
14,333
0
33,726
0.449
0.478
0.000
0.461
512
0.03
31,970
2.23
5,792 #####
38,274
1.13
19,905
46,303
5,792
72,000
2017
8
9
33,726
0
33,726
0.413
0.000
0.413
13,799
0.41
24,475 #####
38,274
1.13
47,525
24,475
72,000
2018
8
9
33,387
339
33,726
0.406
0.213
0.404
2,911
0.09
35,363 #####
38,274
1.13
36,298
35,702
72,000
2019
8
9
31,091
2,635
33,726
0.374
0.302
0.368
1,781
36,493
38,274
0.06
13.85
1.13
32,872
39,128
72,000
2020
8
9
24,819
8,907
33,726
0.360
0.355
0.359
2,156
24,118
26,274
0.09
2.71
0.78
26,975
33,025
60,000
2021
8
9
25,177
8,549
33,726
0.332
0.396
0.348
2,950
13,324
16,274
0.12
1.56
0.48
28,127
21,873
50,000
2022
8
9
21,741
11,985
33,726
0.323
0.435
0.363
3,387
7,887
11,274
0.16
0.66
0.33
25,128
19,872
45,000
2023
8
9
20,258
13,468
33,726
0.382
0.438
0.404
4,101
1,115
5,216
0.20
0.08
0.15
24,359
14,583
38,942
2024
8
9
15,792
17,934
33,726
0.392
0.460
0.428
1,228
745
1,973
0.08
0.04
0.06
17,020
18,679
35,699
2025
33,726
0.503
188
0.01
33,914
2026
33,726
0.562
187
0.01
33,913
2027
27,662
0.499
1,032
0.04
28,694