PAST PERFECT TENSE & GERUND 1.

PAST PERFECT TENSE Past Perfect Tense adalah tenses yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan suatu perbuatan atau kejadian yang sudah selesai diwaktu lampau. a. Pola Past Perfect Tense (bentuk nominal) (+) S + had + been + O / Adv They had been at Lapangan Merdeka since morning. The building had been at Medan since 2001. (-) S + had + not + been + O / Adv They had not been at Lapangan Merdeka since morning The building had not been at Medan since 2001. Had they been at Lapangan Merdeka since morning? Had the building been at Medan since 2001?

(?) Had + S + been + O / Adv + ?

b. Pola Past Perfect Tense (bentuk verbal) (+) S + had + V3 + O / Adv (-) S + had + not + V3 + O / Adv (?) Had + S + V3 + O / Adv + ?

Daud had drawn colorful painting. The workers had given their salaries. Daud had not drawn colorful painting. The workers had given their salaries. Had Daud drawn colorful painting? Had the workers given their salaries?

2. GERUND Gerund adalah kata benda yang dibentuk dari penambahan akhiran ing pada kata kerja. Contoh Gerund dan penggunaan pada kalimat: - dance ---> dancing - read ---> reading . - learn ---> learning - buy ---> buying a. Gerund sebagai Subjek Gerund dapat berfungsi sebagai subjek pada kalimat. Contoh: - They suggest gathering as soon as possible. - Smoking is forbidden in this room. - Dieting is very popular today. - Playing bilyard makes me so relax.Not studying has caused him many problems. - Fatimah finishes registering his application. b. Gerund sebagai Objek Gerund dapat berfungsi sebagai objek dari kata kerja transitif dalam suatu kalimat. Contoh: - I like climbing on the tree. - They practice speaking Mandarin. - My girlfriend keeps waiting my presence at Saturday night. - The fisherman go fishing with his small boat. - Nokia delays publishing its new product.

Tidak semua kata dapat diikuti dengan bentuk gerund. Ada kelompok kata yang diikuti bare infinitive dan ada pula kelompok kata yang diikuti to infinitive. Kelompok kata yang diikuti gerund dapat dilihat dalam daftar berikut :

Kelompok Kata yang Diikuti Gerund

Admit Appreciate Avoid be accustomed to Consider be used to cant help cant stand Complete Delay Deny Discuss Enjoy Finish Hate keep Like look forward to Mention Mind object to Postpone practice Quit Regret Risk Suggest Understand

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