Weaver 1 Cassandra Weaver Professor Deby Dagher Annotated Bibliography 11 March 2014

Courage, Mary L., and Alissa E. Setliff. "Debating the Impact of Television and Video Material on Very Young Children: Attention, Learning, and the Developing Brain." Child Development Perspectives 3 (2009): 72-75. Print.

In this article, Mary L. Courage and Alissa E. Setliff identify and discuss the effect television has on different areas in a young childs life. Most of the impacts stated in this article are negative, such as what was suggested by Christakis and Zimmerman: That exposure to the unnaturally fast pace of sound and image change in video material during this sensitive period might alter synaptic connections in the neural networks underlying attention and shorten the infants attention span. However, another argument was posed stating that there was a greater readiness for preschoolers among those who watched Sesame Street and other educational shows and the positive association between viewing certain types of television content and language development. Although there is evidence to argue both sides of the debate of exposure of television on young children, it is quite clear that it should always be monitored and restricted to a certain amount of time because most of the effects are negative.

I completely agree with this article and the fact that television has so many negative effects on young children. It seems so crazy to me that 7% of toddlers can put on a video without any help. Sometimes I even press the wrong button and have trouble navigating the TV! I believe that too

Weaver 2 many parents just stick their children in front of the TV to get them out of their hair and they dont realize the negative effects theyre causing their kids and the intellectual restraint theyre putting on their brains, however, not all of the effects are negative. There are very few positive correlations between young children watching TV and intellectual growth, but there are some shows such as Sesame Street that proved to help preschoolers have a greater readiness for school, along with other educational shows. Its scary to me to know that infant overexposure to TV can do that much damage to a child that could have long term effects on their brain. I wish all parents realized this and how theyre hurting their children. This article will be very helpful in writing my paper because it directly states the effects that television has on people, specifically young children and it also gives a few different viewpoints.

Because this is a peer reviewed article, I know it is a credible source. Also, the majority of the article is fact based rather than opinion based. The facts and statistics that are stated in the article are clearly cited and backed up, so I know they are true. The information comes from a debate done by two people in the Department of Psychology at Memorial University. Because this article comes from a college, the information in it should be credible; It didnt just come from some random person who decided to do some research on this topic. This article also gives multiple viewpoints from different pediatric doctors and developmental researches, which means it isnt biased.

Harrison, K., and J. Cantor. "The Relationship between Media Consumption and Eating Disorders." Journal of Communication 47.1 (1997): 40-67. Print.

Weaver 3 This article examines the relationship between college womens media use and two sets of variables (disordered eating symptomology and body dissatisfaction) as well as examining the relationship between college mens media use and their drive for thinness not only for themselves, but the women they date. It lists every variable that could alter this relationship of mindset in men and women and have an effect on their thoughts of body image. It provided the analysis of a study and its results to go along with the information and hypotheses they provided.

The main thing that stood out to me when reading this article was how college mens media use has an effect on their drive for the women they date to be thin. It almost makes me sick to think about because these men dont get what theyre doing to women by wanting this unattainable thinness that is only seen in magazines and on TV! Most women are going to take it to an extreme if a male says to her that he wishes she was more thin, simply out of hurt and anger. This article is very relatable to me and it struck home a little bit.

This article is peer reviewed and the authors cite their information so it can easily be checked for accuracy. The authors are also from the University of Wisconsin-Madison which means they know what theyre talking about and are well respected in their field of study. Although the authors lean more towards one side of the debate (that media has a huge impact on body image and eating disorders), they do a good job of backing up their information with facts and statistics.

Martins, Nicole, and Barbara J. Wilson. "Social Aggression on Television and Its Relationship to Children's Aggression in the Classroom." Human Communication Research 38.1 (2012): 48-71. Print.

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This article explains the background of social aggression on TV and its relationship to childrens aggression in the classroom. Not only was research done to find information and statistics on this problem at a national level, but the authors of this article actually conducted their own survey. To test their hypothesis, their study consisted of giving children and their teachers a questionnaire on aggression to compare results. The research showed that social aggression was more common among girls, but the impact of violence on television and social aggression depends on a number of different factors.

The results of this survey were not surprising to me. I would suspect that social aggression from watching it on television would be more common among girls simply because guys dont associate themselves with much drama and are less inclined to watch shows with much social aggression in them. One thing, however, that was surprising to me is that shows such as Zoey 101, American Idol, and Suite Life of Zack and Cody were all coded as having high levels of social aggression in them. To me, these seemed like perfectly good shows for young people and children to be watching, but maybe its because I am just so used to seeing it that it doesnt even phase me or seem alarming to me.

This article is peer reviewed so it definitely has some credibility. It was also written by a woman in the Department of Telecommunication at Indiana University as well as a woman from the Department of Communication at the University of Illinois and this is right in their line of study. The article also shows statistics to back up the information theyre stating in a clear and understandable chart. This article was published in 2012 making it a very recent article and there

Weaver 5 has been little to no change in this area of study within the past year so the information is still valid.

Mazzeo, Suzanne E., Sara E. Trace, Karen S. Mitchell, and Rachel Walker Gow. "Effects of a Reality TV Cosmetic Surgery Makeover Program on Eating Disordered Attitudes and Behaviors." Eating Behaviors 8.3 (2007): 390-97. Print.

This article explains the results of a study done on the effects of cosmetic surgery reality TV. Because this type of television has become widely popular in the last decade, it poses more effects on an individual than just magazines or traditional TV programs. In this study, participants were recruited from the undergraduate psychology classes at Southwestern University to take part in a 3 phase experiment where they were assigned to watch different shows and given post-video questionnaires immediately afterwards as well as a follow up survey. All scores were recorded and are shown in a table in the article. The study showed that thin ideal internalization moderated the associated between The Swan (the show they had the participants watch) and lower self-esteem.

Being a girl, I can definitely see how reality TV shows about cosmetic surgery can have an effect on self-esteem because I go through it. When youre actually watching these shows though, people dont take into consideration how unnatural and unattainable the perfect body really is. There is always going to be something about yourself that you dont like. Its extremely upsetting to me that these types of TV shows can have such a drastic effect on the way women

Weaver 6 view themselves and in this study in particular, college women. The executors of these sorts of programs dont understand the damage theyre doing to the minds of women.

This article is a peer reviewed article therefore it must be a credible source. Also, because it was written by four women in the Department of Psychology at Virginia Commonwealth University and the study was conducted by a school, it proves credibility. The study also clearly shows the statistics from their study in an organized table which provides facts to back up their information. Throughout their study, they made sure to eliminate any measures that could alter the results and cause bias to the study.

Paik, H., and G. Comstock. "The Effects of Television Violence on Antisocial Behavior: A Meta-Analysis1." Communication Research 21.4 (1994): 516-46. Print.

This article discusses the results obtained from a study done pertaining to the effect of television violence on antisocial behavior. They used meta-analysis as a tool in analyzing their data to provide them with a summary of their results of a set of independent studies. This study aims to give more emphasis to real world violence and show that there is a correlation between television violence and antisocial behavior as well as the significance level.

I have two little cousins who are at ages 4 and 6 and they both have ipads and are very antisocial, so the information in this study was not surprising to me. Always sitting a child in front of a TV to get them out of your hair is doing more damage to them than people realize. I was a little shocked that the article stated that behavioral influence of violent television entertainment has

Weaver 7 been an issue since the 1950s because the technology then is completely different than it is now. Also, youd think that by now everyone would realize the effects violence on television has and do something about it.

This article is peer reviewed so that gives it credibility. Also, the authors cite their sources and show where theyre getting their information from so it can be looked up and checked for accuracy. This study also lays out their statistics and results from the experiment so you dont have to guess or assume where they got their data from. Although this study did prove a correlation between television violence and antisocial behavior, the authors were skeptical in the beginning and werent one sided on this debate before they even conducted the experiment.