BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIT I D.C.CIRCUITS 11 hrs.

Electrical quantities, Ohms Law, Resistors - Series and parallel combinations, Kirchoffs laws, Node and Mesh nal!sis - Star delta "ransformation #$%efine a&era'e &alue of &olta'e$ ($State Ohms law$ )$State Kirchoffs * and ** Law$ State Kirchhoffs Laws$ +$%efine electrical power$, %ifferentiate between electrical power and ener'!$ -$%efine specific resistance, %efine electric resistance$ .$/rite down the &olta'e di&ision and current di&ision rule$ 0$1ompare series and 2arallel circuits$, 3a4 %ifferentiate series and parallel circuit$ 5$/rite the e6pression for the equi&alent star networ7 resistance for a 'i&en delta networ7$ 8$%efine Electrical Resistance and 'i&e its unit$ #9$:i&e an! two differences between series and parallel circuit ##$%eri&e the e6pression for equi&alent resistance when two resistance are connected in parallel$ #($%efine electric current$ #)$State the difference between electrical power ; ener'!$ #+$%efine electrical current, potential in an electric circuit$ #-$/rite the formula for transformation of delta to star$ #.$ resistance, immersed in oil, has .($- resistance and is connected to -99< d$c$ suppl!$1alculate the power in watts$ #0$ circuit consists of two resistances, R# and R(, in parallel$ "he total current passin' throu'h the circuit is *"$ :i&e the equation for the current passin' throu'h R #$ %efine electric potential$ current in a circuit is due to a (9 < of applied &olta'e to a resistor of (99 =$ /hat resistance would permit the same current to flow if the applied &olta'e were (99 <> 3b4 ?ind the equi&alent resistance when the followin' resistances are connected in series and parallel 3i4 (9 7 @ and +9 7 @ 3ii4 + @, 5 @ and #. @ 3iii4 599 @,+ 7 @ and #-99 @ #5$ ?ind the power supplied b! the batter!$

#8$"wo coils connected in parallel across a #99<, dc suppl! draw a current of 8 $ "he power dissipated in one coil is -99/$ ?ind the resistance of the two coils and the current in each coil$

(9$?ind the current flowin' throu'h - resistors

(#$ circuit consists of two resistances, R# and R(, in parallel$ "he total current passin' throu'h the circuit is *"$ :i&e the equation for the current passin' throu'h R #$ :i&en the circuit in ?i'$#, determine the current *) and the &olta'e <9 across the current source$

(($?or the 'i&en circuit determine the currents in all resistors$

()$"wo batteries and A with internal resistances of - and ) respecti&el! are connected in parallel across a load of (-$ "he emfs of and A are #99< and #-9< respecti&el!$ Bsin' Kirchoffs laws determine the ma'nitude and direction of currents in each of the batteries and also in the load resistance$ (+$?ind 3a4 the current in the #- ohm resistor CM-#( 3b4 &olta'e across #5 ohm resistor and 3c4 power dissipated in 0 ohm resistor of the 'i&en circuit$

?ind the current in the ( resistor shown usin' loop anal!sisD

354

(-$:i&en the circuit in ?i'$#, determine the current * ) and the &olta'e <9 across the current source$

(.$%eri&e the e6pression to find a4 Star resistance in terms of %elta b4 %elta resistance in terms of star (0$ :i&e the e6pression for star to delta and delta to star

transformations$ M-#(

3b4 1on&ert the networ7s 'i&en in the fi'ure to equi&alent star and delta networ7s-M-#(

(5$%etermine the equi&alent resistance across A of the circuit shown in fi'ure$

(8$ n electrical networ7 is arran'ed as shown in fi'$#$ ?ind 3a4 the current in branch ? 3b4 the power absorbed in branch AE and 3b4 2$% across branch 1%$

)9$%etermine the current * for the 'i&en circuit

)#$

Bsin' star C delta transformation find the current * supplied b! the batter! in fi'$($

)($%etermine the &alue of R if the power dissipated in #9 ohms resistor is 89/$ ))$?or the 'i&en circuit, calculate the load current IL and power consumed b! RL$

80 ohms 40 ohms 2 A R

100 ohms

10 ohms

2 A

50V

)+$Bsin' star-delta transformation, find the current throu'h +$-7 resistor in ?i'$)$

)-$/rite the Mesh 1urrent equations and determine the &alue of 1urrents$%raw %ia'ram ).$%etermine the mesh currents in the 'i&en circuit$

3a4 current * supplied b! the batter! in fi'$($

Bsin' star C delta transformation find the

)0$/rite the mesh equations for the circuit shown in ?i'$( and determine the currents * #, *(, and *)$

)5$Bse mesh anal!sis to find i# in the circuit shown, if element

is a - resistor$

)8$?ind the current throu'h . resistor for the circuit usin' Emesh current method and hence calculate the &olta'e across the current source$

+9$/rite the mesh equations for the circuit shown in ?i'$( and determine the currents * #, *(, and *)$

+#$Bsin' Mesh current anal!sis, find the current throu'h the 'al&anometer : in the wheatstone brid'e shown in fi'$(

+($ networ7 is arran'ed as shown in the fi'$ determine the &alue of current in the 5 ohm resistor usin' Mesh equations$

+($/rite the node &olta'e equation and determine the current in each branch of the networ7$%raw dia'ram$ +($Bse nodal &olta'e method and find the power dissipated in the 5 ohms resistor on the circuit shown in the fi'ure$(
2 ohms 2 ohms 4 ohms

30V

4 ohms

8 ohms

20V

+)$Bse nodal anal!sis to find all the branch currents in the circuit in ?i'$+$

++$Bse nodal anal!sis to find all the branch currents in the circuit in ?i'$+$

UNIT II MAGNETIC CIRCUITS 8 hrs. %efinition of MM?, ?lu6 and reluctance - Lea7a'e factor - Reluctances in series and parallel 3series and parallel ma'netic circuits4 - Electroma'netic induction - ?lemin's rule - LenFs law ?arada!s laws - staticall! and d!namicall! induced EM? - Self and mutual inductance - Ener'! stored and ener'! densit! - nalo'! of electric and ma'netic circuits #$ %efine ma'neto moti&e force$ ($ %efine ma'netic field stren'th )$/hat is flu6> :i&e its unit$ , %efine flu6 and flu6 densit!$ +$%efine Lea7a'e factor -$%efine reluctance, %efine Reluctance$$ 3a4 /hat is reluctance> 3(4 .$ %efine reluctance of ma'netic circuit 0$State ?arada!s law$, State ?arada!s law$ Ariefl! describe the si'nificance of the law 5$%efine the term lea7a'e flu6 and lea7a'e factor$ 8$ /rite the e6pression for ohmGs law of ma'netism$ #9$ %efine LenFs Law$ ##$ State ?lemmin's ri'ht hand rule$, a) State Fleming R le an! Len"#s La$ #($ %efine ?lemin's Ri'ht Hand Rule$ #)$1ompare staticall! and d!namicall! induced emfs$, /rite a brief note on statisticall! induced emf and d!namicall! induced emf$-M-## #+$"he combined inductance of two coils connected in series is #$( H or 9$( H, dependin' on the relati&e directions of the currents in the coils$ *f one the coils, when isolated, has a self inductance of 9$+ H, calculate Mutual inductance and couplin' coefficient$ #-$1ompare Electric and Ma'netic circuits with their electrical quantities, %a) C&m'are Magneti( (ir( its ) Ele(tri( (ir( its. .*D&*11+. %,) C&m'are ele(tri( an! magneti( (ir( its. #.$ %eri&e the e6pression for h!steresis loss b! also e6plainin' A-H cur&e$Im,#) #0$a4 E6plain the concept of mutual and self inductance and define the units in which these are measured$, E6plain the concepts of mutual and self inductance$, 3b4 /hat do !ou mean b! mutual *nduction> %efine mutual *nduction with its units,3b4 %eri&e the e6pressions for the self and mutual inductance and e6plain them with suitable e6amples$, %a) E-'lain the (&n(e't &. M t al in! (tan(e. +%a) E-'lain the (&n(e't &. m t al in! (tan(e.*M&*11+ %efine the concept of electroma'netic induction and deri&e the e6pression for Self and Mutual inductanceIM-#(,%a) /rite sh&rt n&tes &n ele(tr&magneti( in! (ti&n. M&*11+ /hat is electroma'netic induction> Ariefl! e6plain self and mutual inductance

#5$%eri&e the necessar! e6pression for calculatin' the inductance of a coil$ 10.%,) E-'lain the t1'es &. in! (e! em.s*D&*12+4 E6plain the t!pes of induced emfs,$ State self and mutual inductance and deri&e the e6pression for the same$ (9$%efine the terms IM-#( 3a4 MM? 3b4 ?lu6 3c4 Reluctance 3d4 ?arada!s law 3e4 LenF law 3f4 ?lemin's ri'ht and left hand rule$ (#$3a4 State the 'i&en laws 3i4 ?arada!s law 3ii4 LenF law 3iii4 ?lemin's ri'ht and left hand rule$ 3b4 :i&e the analo'! between Electric and Ma'netic circuit$, 3a4 E6plain the analo'! of electric and ma'netic circuits$-%o-#9 (($State ?arada!s law of electroma'netic induction$ E6plain about Staticall! and %!namicall! induced EM?$-%-#9,3a4 %escribe the ?arada!s Law of Electroma'netic *nduction with neat dia'ram$ %o-#9, State and e6plain ?arada!Gs laws of electroma'netic induction, LenFGs law, ?lemin'Gs ri'ht hand and left hand rule$ (($3a4 E6plain the calculation of reluctance in series and parallel circuits, ()$ rin' has mean diameter of #-cm, a cross section #$0cm ( and a radial 'ap of 9$- mm cut in it$ *t is uniforml! wound with #-99 turns of insulated wire and a current of # ampere produces a flu6 of 9$# mwb at the 'ap$ 1alculate relati&e permeabilit! of iron$ ssume no lea7a'e$-%-## (+$ torroidal air-cored coil with (999 turns has a mean radius of (cm, the diameter of each turn bein' - cm$ *f the current in the coil is #9 $ ?ind 3a4 the MM? 3b4 flu6 and 3c4 flu6 densit!$-M-## (-$ mild steel rin' ha&in' a cross-sectional area of -99mm ( and a mean circumference of +99mm has a coil of (99 turns wound uniforml! around it$ 1alculate 3a4 reluctance of the rin' and 3b4 the current required to produce a flu6 of 599Jwb in the rin'$ ssume relati&e permeabilit! of mild steel to be )59$ (.$ toroid with a circular cross section of radius (9mm has a mean len'th of (59mm and a flu6 I #$-mwb$ ?ind the mmf required if for the silicon steel core Jr I #999$ ?ind the mmf required to establish the same flu6, if there is an air 'ap of #mm thic7ness of in the core of the toroid$%#9 23. 3b4 closed ma'netic circuit of cast steel contains .m lon' path of cross sectional area #cm sq and (cm path of cross- sectional area 9$- cm($ coil of (99 turns is wound around the . cm len'th of the circuit and a current of 9$+ flows$ %etermine the flu6 densit! in the ( cm path, if the relati&e permeabilit! of the cast steel is 0-9$ 28.%,) An ir&n ring has a (r&ss*se(ti&nal area &. 455mm2 an! a mean !iameter &. 25 (m. It is $& n! $ith 655 t rns. I. the 7al e &. relati7e 'ermea,ilit1 is 2658 .in! the t&tal .l - set ' in the ring. The (&il resistan(e is 485 &hms an! the s ''l1 7&ltage is 245 9. 20. A (&il is $& n! ni.&rml1 $ith :55 t rns &7er a steel ring &. relati7e 'ermea,ilit1 055 ha7ing a mean (ir( m.eren(e &. 45 (m an! a (r&ss* se(ti&nal area &. 6(m2 . I. the (&il has a resistan(e &. 155 &hms an! is (&nne(te! t& a 265 9 !( s ''l18 (al( late %i) the (&il mm. %ii) the magneti( .iel! intensit1 %iii) t&tal .l - %i7) 'ermean(e &. the ring. ;D&*12 :5.%,) A steel magneti( (ir( it has a ni.&rm (r&ss se(ti&nal area &. 4 (m2 an! length &. 65 (m. A (&il &. 265 t rns is $& n! ni.&rml1 &7er the magneti( (ir( it. /hen the ( rrent in the (&il is 1.6 A8 the t&tal .l - is 5.26 m/,. /hen the ( rrent in the (&il is 6 A8 the t&tal .l - is 5.< m/,. F&r ea(h 7al e &. ( rrent8 (al( late the magneti( .iel! strength an! relati7e 'ermea,ilit1 &. the steel.

:1.%,) An ir&n ring &. mean length :5 (m has an air ga' &. 2 mm an! a $in!ing &. 255 t rns. I. the 'ermea,ilit1 &. the ir&n (&re is :55 $hen a ( rrent &. 1 A .l&$ thr& gh the (&il8 .in! the .l - !ensit1. The (r&ss se(ti&nal area &. the ring s'e(imen is A m2 )($b4 coil of 599 turns is would on a wooden former and a current - produce a ma'netic flu6 of (996 #9-. wb$ 1alculate the inductance of the coild and induced emf when the current is re&ersed in 9$( seconds$ ))$3b4 a coil ha&in' an inductance of .9mH is carr!in' current of 89 $ 1alculate the selfinduced emf in the coil, when the current is 3i4 Reduced to Fero in 9$9)s 3ii4 Re&ersed in 9$9)s )+$ toroid with a circular cross section of radius (9mm has a mean len'th of (59mm and a flu6 I #$-mwb$ ?ind the mmf required if for the silicon steel core Jr I #999$ ?ind the mmf required to establish the same flu6, if there is an air 'ap of #mm thic7ness of in the core of the toroid$%#9 :6. 1alculate the inductance of a coil of +99 turns wound on an air cored torroidal rin' ha&in' mean dia of )9cm$ "he rin' has circular cross section of dia -cm$ lso calculate the emf induced in the coil when a current of + is re&ersed in )9ms$-m#) ).$"he number of turns in a coil is (-9$ /hen a current of ( amps flows in this coil the flu6 in the coil is 9$) mwb$/hen this current is reduced to Fero in ( mill seconds the &olta'e induced in the coil l!in' in the&icinit! of first coil is .)$0- <$ ?ind L #, L( and M and also N($ ssume coefficient of couplin' as 9$0-$-%-## :3. A (&il &. 1555 t rns is lin=ing a .l - &. 5.51$,. The .l - is re7erse! in an inter7al &. 5.1 se(. Cal( late the a7erage 7al e &. the em. in! (e! in the (&il. :8 %a) A mil! steel ring ha7ing a (r&ss*se(ti&nal area &. 655mm2 an! a mean (ir( m.eren(e &. 455mm has a (&il &. 255 t rns $& n! ni.&rml1 ar& n! it. Cal( late %a) rel (tan(e &. the ring an! %,) the ( rrent re> ire! t& 'r&! (e a .l - &. 855?$, in the ring. Ass me relati7e 'ermea,ilit1 &. mil! steel t& ,e :85. :0. A n& &. t rns in a (&il is 265. /hen a ( rrent &. 25A .l&$s in this (&il8 the .l - in the (&il is 5.: milli$e,ers. /hen this ( rrent is re! (e! t& "er& in 2 millise(&n!s8 the 7&ltage in! (e! in the (&il l1ing in the 7i(init1 &. (&il is <:.369. I. the (&*e..i(ient &. (& 'ling ,et$een the (&il is 5.36 Fin! %i) Sel. in! (tan(e &. the t$& (&ils %ii) M t al in! (tan(e %iii) N m,er &. t rns in the se(&n! (&il ;D5*11 III A.C.CIRCUITS 11 hrs. Sinusoidal functions - RMS3effecti&e4 and &era'e &alues- 2hasor representation - K operator sinusoidal e6citation applied to purel! resisti&e , inducti&e and capaciti&e circuits - RL , R1 and RL1 series and parallel circuits - power and power factor - "hree phase circuits - Star , Mesh connections with balanced loads - measurement of power b! two wattmeter method$ #$ resistance, immersed in oil, has .($- resistance and is connected to -99< d$c$ suppl!$ 1alculate the power in watts$ ($?ind the current flowin' throu'h - resistors

)$/hat is the impedance of RL1 circuit> +$%efine RMS &alue and &era'e <alue$, %efine a&era'e &alue and RMS &alue, %efine a&era'e &alue and RMS &alue$, %efine RMS &alue

-$

circuit consists of two resistances, R# and R(, in parallel$ "he total current passin' throu'h the circuit is *"$ :i&e the equation for the current passin' throu'h R #$ .$%efine ?orm factor and 2ea7 factor$ %efine form factor and pea7 factor 0$/rite the relationship between the phase and line &olta'es in the star and delta connected networ7$ 5$/hat do !ou understand b! a balanced s!stem> 8$/hat are the ad&anta'es of pol!phase s!stem> #9$/rite down the e6pression for power factor in two wattmeter method ##$:i&e the relation between line and phase &alues of &olta'e and current in a ) star and delta connection$ #($%eri&e the e6pression for the &olta'e, current and power in a resistor supplied with a sinusoidal &olta'e$-M-#( #)$ E6plain about the relation of &olta'e and current in )-L star and delta connections with necessar! phasor dia'rams a$4 balanced star connected load of impedance 3#-MN (94 per phase is connected to a phase ++9 < -9 HF suppl!$ ?ind the line currents and power absorbed b! the load$ ssume ROA phase sequence$-M-## #+$ )phase, + wire (95 <, A1 s!stem supplies a star connected load in which P I#9Q9, PAI#-Q)9, P1I#9Q-)9$ ?ind the line currents, the neutral current and the load power$ #-$$ )phase, + wire (95 <, A1 s!stem supplies a star connected load in which P I#9Q9, PAI#-Q)9, P1I#9Q-)9$ ?ind the line currents, the neutral current and the load power$-%o-#(,%-## #.$/hat is the e6pression for frequenc! at resonance RL1 series circuit> 3a4 %eri&e an e6pression for the instantaneous current in a purel! capaciti&e circuit, when a sinusoidal &olta'e 'i&en b! eIEma6sinRt is applied to the circuit$ C%o-#9, %eri&e the e6pression for the &olta'e, current and power in an inductor supplied with a sinusoidal &olta'e$ #0$%raw the phasor when sinusoidal &olta'e is applied to pure inductance and capacitance #5$E6plain the beha&iour of $1 throu'h 3a4 pure L 3b4 R-L series m,#) #8$*f the &olta'e across a 9$#? capacitor is v (t ) = 70.7 cos( 5000t ) V , find the current flowin' in this capacitor in the time domain$ %raw the phasor dia'ram for this circuit$ (9$ resistance of -9 = is connected in series with a pure inductor of (-9 mH$ "he circuit is connected to a -9 HF suppl!$ "he &olta'e across the resistance is #-9 <$ 1alculate the suppl! &olta'e$ (#$ series circuit has RI#9 , LI-9 mH and 1I#99? and is supplied with (99 <, -9HF$ ?ind 3a4 impedance, 3b4 current, 3c4 power 3d4 2ower factor and &olta'e difference across each element$M-## (($ series R1 circuit ta7es a power of - K/ when connected to ()9< -9HF suppl!$ "he &olta'e across the resistor is #)9 <$ 1alculate the resistance, capacitance, current, power factor and impedance$ ()$ coil of resistance #9 ohms and inductance 9$#H is connected in series with a capacitor of #-9 ? across (99<, -9HF suppl!$ 1alculate 3a4 *nducti&e reactance, 1apaciti&e reactance, impedance, current,

and power factor and 3b4 the &olta'e across the coil and capacitor respecti&el!$ (+$ series RL1 circuit has RI(- ohms, L I 9$((# H and 1 I ..$) ? and is supplied at #-9 &olts .9c,s ?ind 3i4 the equi&alent impedance 3ii4 the power factor and 3iii4 the reacti&e power$ (-$ circuit is ha&in' resistance R in series with a capacitor 1$ n ac &olta'e is applied to this circuit$ %eri&e equations for &olta'e, current, impedance and power factor$ %raw the phasor dia'ram$ (.$ coil of resistance #9 and inductance of 9$# H is connected in series with a #-9 ? capacitor across (99<, -9HF suppl!$ 1alculate 3i4 inducti&e reactance, capaciti&e reactance, impedance, current and power factor$ 3ii4 the &olta'e across the coil and capacitor respecti&el!$ (0$ coil of inductance 9$#( H and resistance ) 7@ is connected in parallel with a 9$9( J? capacitor and is supplied at +9 < at a frequenc! of - 7HF$ %etermine 3a4 the current in the coil, and 3b4 the current in the capacitor$ 3c4 %raw to scale the phasor dia'ram and measure the suppl! current and its phase an'leS chec7 the answer b! calculation$ %etermine 3d4 the circuit impedance and 3e4 the power consumed$ (5$ coil of resistance (- =, and inductance 9$#-8 H is in parallel with a circuit ha&in' .9 = resistor and #(T? capacitor$ "his parallel circuit is connected to a ()9 <, -9 HF suppl!$ 1alculate the suppl! current, the equi&alent circuit impedance and reactance$ (8$ coil of resistance #9 ohms and inductance 9$#H is connected in series with a capacitor of #-9 J? across (99<, -9HF suppl!$ 1alculate 3a4 *nducti&e reactance, 1apaciti&e reactance, impedance, current, and power factor and 3b4 the &olta'e across the coil and capacitor respecti&el!$-%-#9 )9$$ 3b4 capacitor of #99J? is connected across a (99<, -9HF sin'le phase suppl!$ 1alculate 3i4 the reactance of the capacitor 3ii4 rms &alue of current and 3iii4 the ma6imum current )#$ coil of #9 ohms and inductance of 9$#H in series with a #-9J? capacitor across (99<,(-9HP suppl!$ 1alculate 3i4 inducti&e reactance, capaciti&e reactance and impedance of the circuit 3ii4 current 3iii4 power factor 3i&4 &olta'e across the coil and capacitor respecti&el! )($ resistance of (9= and an inductance of 9$(H and a capacitance of #99J? are connected in series ((9<, -9HF main$ %etermine 3a4 impedance 3b4 1urrent ta7en from mains 3c4 2ower and power factor of the circuit$ 3or4Mo-##

))$ coil of #9 ohms and inductance of 9$#H in series with a #-9J? capacitor across (99<,(-9HP suppl!$ 1alculate 3i4 inducti&e reactance, capaciti&e reactance and impedance of the circuit 3ii4 current 3iii4 power factor 3i&4 &olta'e across the coil and capacitor respecti&el!$-%o-#( )+$E6plain with neat fi'ures the power measurement in three phase circuits usin' two-wattmeter method$%o-## E6plain in detail about measurement of three phase power b! two wattmeter method$-Mo-## %escribe the three phase power measurement b! two watt meter method for balanced load$M#9 %raw and e6plain the measurement of ) phase power b! two wattmeter method$%-#9 E6plain with help of calculation and dia'ram how three-phase power in $1$ circuit can be measured b! the two-wattmeter method$-%o-#9 2ro&e that the three phase power can be measured usin' two sin'le-phase wattmeter$-m#) E6plain in detail about the measurement of power b! two /attmeter method$M-#( E6plain with help of calculation and dia'ram how three-phase power in $1$ circuit can be measured b! the two-wattmeter method$ %raw and e6plain the measurement of ) phase power b! two wattmeter methodIm-95 three phase load consumes power of #(7/ at 9$8 power factor$ *f two wattmeter method is applied to measure the power, what are the indi&idual readin's of the wattmeters>%-## TE@T+REFERENCE BAABSC #$ Mittle$A$N, ra&ind Mittle, UAasic Electrical En'ineerin'U , "ata Mc:raw HillU, (nd Edition$ Sep (99($ "heraNa$A$L, U?undamentals of Electrical En'ineerin' and ElectronicsU, S$1hand ; 1o$, #st Multicolor Edition, (99. 3Reprint (9984 )$ SmaraNit :hosh, U?undamentals of Electrical and Electronics En'ineerin'U, 2H* Learnin' 2ri&ate Ltd, (nd Edition, (9#9$ +$ /adhwa$1$L, UAasic Electrical En'ineerin'U, New 'e *nternational, +th Edition, (990$ 3Reprint Kune (9#94 -$ bhiNit 1ha7rabarti, Sudipta nath ; 1handan Kumar 1handa, UAasic Electrical En'ineerin'U, "ata Mc:raw Hill, #st Edition, (998$ .$ "$ "h!a'araNan, V?undamentals of Electrical En'ineerin'W, Sci"ech 2ublications, -th Edition, Reprint Kan (9#9 BASIC ELECTRANICS ENGINEERING UNIT I SEMICANDUCTAR DE9ICES AND LAGIC GATES 15 hrs. %iscrete de&ices - 2N Nunction diodes - Pener diodes - "unnel diodes- "hermistors - Aipolar Nunction transistors - ?ield effect transistors 3?E" and MOS?E"4 - Bni Nunction transistors Silicon controlled rectifiers and "riacs$ Bni&ersal :ates - Half dder - ?ull dder$ #$How an a&alanche brea7down occurs> ($:i&e the equation for the intrinsic stand-off ratio$ )$%raw the s!mbol and characteristics of Pener diode$ +$/hat are called Bni&ersal :ates and draw its s!mbols> -$List the applications of Pener diode$ .$/hat is meant b! firin' and commutation of th!ristor> 0$List the applications of Pener diode$ 5$ %raw a half adder with its truth table$ 8$%iscuss in detail about the different t!pes of lo'ic :ates$m-#(

#9$E6plain the <-* characteristics of a 2N Nunction diode and Pener diode$-%-## ##$/ith a neat s7etch and its characteristics e6plain the theor! and operation of 2N Nunction diode$m-#( #($E6plain the operation of bipolar Nunction transistor with a neat s7etch$-M-##, m,#) #)$E6plain the <* characteristics of a "R* 1-M-## #+$ /rite short notes onD 3a4 S1R and 3b4 "R* 1$m,#), $-%-## UNIT II RECTIFIERS8 AMDLIFIERS AND ASCILLATARS 15 hrs. Half and full wa&e rectifiers- 1apaciti&e and inducti&e filters- ripple factor- 2*<-rectification efficienc!$ 1A, 1E and 11 1onfi'uration - R1 coupled amplifier- positi&e and ne'ati&e feedbac7 - Aar7hausen criterion for oscillations -R1 and L1 oscillators$ #$1ompare brid'e rectifier with the center-tapped rectifier$ ($Mention the conditions for oscillation$ )$%efine Ripple factor$ +$%efine oscillator$ -$%efine ripple factor$ .$State Aar7hausen criterion$ 0$ %ifferentiate rectifiers and filters$ 5$%eri&e the e6pression for a&era'e &alue, rms &alue, efficienc! and 2*< for half-wa&e rectifier$M-## 53a4$%eri&e an e6pression for the &era'e &alue and the RMS &alue of a half wa&e rectifier circuit$-%-## 8$%raw the circuit dia'ram of a half wa&e and full wa&e rectifies and e6plain its operation$-m-#( #9$E6plain the internal and e6ternal characteristics of common emitter confi'uration of a transistor$-%-## ##$E6plain the input and output characteristics of transistors in 11 confi'uration$-m-#( #($$ E6plain the internal and e6ternal characteristics of common emitter confi'uration of a transistor$m,#) #)$ How is a sine wa&e produced in a R1 phase shift oscillator>m,#) #+$How sine wa&e is produced in a R1 phase shift oscillator>M-## #-$%escribe the operation of R1 and L1 oscillators$-%-## #.$1alculate 3i4 form factor and 3ii4 pea7 factor of a full wa&e rectified sine wa&e TE@T + REFERENCE BAABSC #$ Sedha$R$S, "e6t boo7 of pplied electronics, (nd Edition, S$1hand ; compan!, (99-$ ($ %r$Ahattachar!a$S$K and %r$Renu &i', 2rinciples of electronics, )rd Edition, S$K$Kararia ; Sons, (99($