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ANSYS

About Software:
ANSYS is engineering simulation software which refers to CAE (Computer Aided Engineering). It can do simulation for the problems in any field of Engineering. ANSYS was developed in 1996 by Peter J. Smith. ANSYS has many types of workbench based on the types of problems. APDL which refers to ANSYS Parametric Design Language is one of the workbenches which are used mainly for the Structural problems. Phases in ANSYS: Pre-processor Solution Postprocessor Introduction: Basically, there are two types of problems faced. They are non-linear and linear, the non-linear problems cannot be solved by ANSYS. So it uses the technique of converting a non-linear problem into a linear problem by applying the boundary conditions or limits for the problem. The solution for the linear problems is obtained by increasing the meshing elements (discretization). In ANSYS, there are also many workbenches like Electromagnetic, CFD, thermal, Electromagnetic and many others. It is used by the industries where there is the usage for the workbenches. Pre-processor: It is the preparation of the problem where all the modeling is done. The material type and its properties are specified in this mode. The type of constraint, its location and the magnitude and direction of the load to be applied have to be given. Discretization (meshing) is also done in this mode.

Solution: This is the mode in which the problem is solved by the usage of the suitable solvers in it. The data of the load can also be given in the Solution mode. Post-processor: It is the mode in which the results of the problem can be visualized. The results of the problem can be seen in the form of numerical or visually. There are also many other categories in which the results can be seen. The stress produced, deformation due to the loads and the magnitude of the displacement can also be seen in the model itself by usage of different colors to specify its intensity.

TYPES OF ANALYSIS
In ANSYS there are basically six types of ANALYSIS which are often done. There are many types but these six are the most general analysis done using ANSYS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. STRUCTURAL COUPLE FIELD THERMAL TRANSIENT MODAL CFD

STRUCTURAL:
Structural analysis is probably the most common application of the finite element method. The term structural (or structure) implies not only civil engineering structures such as bridges and buildings, but also naval, aeronautical, and mechanical structures such as ship hulls, aircraft bodies, and machine housings, as well as mechanical components such as pistons, machine parts, and tools.

Elements Used in Structural Analyses Most element types are structural elements, ranging from simple spars and beams to more complex layered shells and large strain solids. Most types of structural analyses can use any of these elements. Material Model Interface For analyses described in this guide, if you are using the GUI, you must specify the material that you intend to simulate using an intuitive material model interface. The interface uses a hierarchical tree structure of material categories, intended to assist you in choosing the appropriate model for your analysis. Damping Damping is present in most systems and should be specified in a dynamic analysis. The following forms of damping are available: Alpha and Beta Damping (Rayleigh Damping) Material-Dependent Damping Constant Material Damping Coefficient Constant Damping Ratio Modal Damping Element Damping Material Structural Damping Coefficient Viscoelastic Material Damping Only the constant damping ratio and modal damping are available in the ANSYS Professional program Solution Methods Two solution methods are available for solving structural problems in the ANSYS family of products: the h-method and the p-method. The h-method can be used for any type of analysis, but the p-method can be used only for linear structural static analyses. Depending on the problem to be solved, the h method usually requires a finer mesh than the p-method. The p-method provides an excellent way to solve a problem to a desired level of accuracy while using a coarse mesh. In general, the discussions in this manual focus on the procedures required for the h-method of solution.

COUPLE FIELD:
A coupled-field analysis is a combination of analyses from different engineering disciplines (physics fields) that interact to solve a global engineering problem; hence, we often refer to a coupled-field analysis as a multiphysics analysis. When the input of one field analysis depends on the results from another analysis, the analyses are coupled. Some analyses can have one-way coupling. For example, in a thermal stress problem, the temperature field introduces thermal strains in the structural field, but the structural strains generally do not affect the temperature distribution. Thus, there is no need to iterate between the two field solutions. More complicated cases involve two-way coupling. A piezoelectric analysis, for example, handles the interaction between the structural and electric fields: it solves for the voltage distribution due to applied displacements, or vice versa. In a fluid-structure interaction problem, the fluid pressure causes the structure to deform, which in turn causes the fluid solution to change. This problem requires iterations between the two physics fields for convergence. The coupling between the fields can be accomplished by either direct or load transfer coupling. Coupling across fields can be complicated because different fields may be solving for different types of analyses during a simulation. For example, in an induction heating problem, a harmonic electromagnetic analysis calculates Joule heating, which is used in a transient thermal analysis to predict a time-dependent temperature solution. The induction heating problem is complicated further by the fact that the material properties in both physics simulations depend highly on temperature. Some of the applications in which coupled-field analysis may be required are pressure vessels (thermal-stress analysis), fluid flow constrictions (fluid-structure analysis), induction heating (magnetic-thermal analysis), ultrasonic transducers (piezoelectric analysis), magnetic forming (magneto-structural analysis), and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS).

THERMAL:
Protecting electrical systems from temperature extremes is imperative to maintaining aircraft functionality. Thermal analysis is important to the design of heat shields, anti-icing systems, propulsion system integration, and maintenance of

controlled environments in cabins. Ensuring that electrical equipment maintains critical temperatures improves strength and component life. Heat shields on rockets ensure that the cabin doesnt overheat or ice up. Internal and external aircraft components need to be protected during solar loading and other similar conditions. Two components interacting with one another can cause changes in temperature. In all of these cases, ANSYS software can simulate how heat moves from one place to another, such as from a hot tarmac on a 100-plus degree F day to the engine compartment of a plane. To keep temperature from affect a components life, ANSYS software can predict temperature ranges in which a component will work and when it will break down, as well as how hot or cold components will get in various altitudes, climates and weather conditions. Thermal engineers use ANSYS software for myriad tests on a variety of craft. For instance, ANSYS Mechanical software can be used to predict life expectancy of gear boxes in helicopters, based on thermal cycles. ANSYS CFD software can integrate the effects from an object traveling at hypersonic speeds such as capsule re-entry into Earths atmosphere and at the same time analyze ionization and dissociation reactions that occur. In addition, the thermal loads from the CFD simulation can be seamlessly transferred to the ANSYS Mechanical software to analyze thermal stresses. CFD simulation can compute heat transfer between a turbine blade, cooling passages and the surrounding area. Thermal and pressure loads are easily mapped to the ANSYS Mechanical for a thermal static structural analysis. The same simulation software can predict thermal management solutions based on convection and conduction. ANSYS Icepack offers electronics cooling capabilities across all scales, from chip level to board assembly to system level. ANSYS software enables engineers to accurately predict all these physical phenomena individually as well as in a coupled manner, allowing seamless exchange of information between various analyses. This is particularly important in aerospace design, which requires that thermal, aerodynamic, structural and electronics engineers to collaborate and share results of their analyses. Thermal analysis is by nature multidisciplinary. Thermal analysis engineers must compute flow and heat transfer accurately. ANSYS software enables designers to predict the strength of the heat sources, how the energy is transported through fluids and solids, and how it will affect the structural performance of critical components in the system.

For thermal management of avionics systems and airborne electronics, ANSYS Icepak offers the ability to perform CFD simulation related to natural and forced convection and radiation heat transfer. Joule heating effects in package or board substrates can be incorporated into a design analysis through direct import from ANSYS SIwave, our SI/PI product with power integrity simulation capabilities. For radar or antenna applications, the heat load generated during operation can be incorporated into the thermal design through direct import of heat load data from the 3-D high frequency electromagnetic simulation tool, ANSYS HFSS, into ANSYS Icepak.

TRANSIENT:
You can perform a transient structural analysis (also called time-history analysis) in the Mechanical application using the transient structural analysis that specifically uses the ANSYS Mechanical APDL solver. This type of analysis is used to determine the dynamic response of a structure under the action of any general time-dependent loads. You can use it to determine the time-varying displacements, strains, stresses, and forces in a structure as it responds to any transient loads. The time scale of the loading is such that the inertia or damping effects are considered to be important. If the inertia and damping effects are not important, you might be able to use a static analysis instead. Points to Remember: A transient structural analysis can be either linear or nonlinear. All types of nonlinearities are allowed - large deformations, plasticity, contact, hyper elasticity and so on. A transient dynamic analysis is more involved than a static analysis because it generally requires more computer resources and more of your resources, in terms of the engineering time involved. You can save a significant amount of these resources by doing some preliminary work to understand the physics of the problem. For example, you can: Try to understand how nonlinearities (if you are including them) affect the structure's response by doing a static analysis first. In some cases, nonlinearities

need not be included in the dynamic analysis. Including nonlinear effects can be expensive in terms of solution time. Understand the dynamics of the problem. By doing a modal analysis, which calculates the natural frequencies and mode shapes, you can learn how the structure responds when those modes are excited. The natural frequencies are also useful for calculating the correct integration time step. Analyze a simpler model first. A model of beams, masses, springs, and dampers can provide good insight into the problem at minimal cost. This simpler model may be all you need to determine the dynamic response of the structure.

MODAL ANALYSIS:
A modal analysis determines the vibration characteristics (natural frequencies and mode shapes) of a structure or a machine component. It can also serve as a starting point for another, more detailed, dynamic analysis, such as a transient dynamic analysis, a harmonic response analysis, or a spectrum analysis. The natural frequencies and mode shapes are important parameters in the design of a structure for dynamic loading conditions. You can also perform a modal analysis on a prestressed structure, such as a spinning turbine blade. A modal analysis can be performed using the ANSYS or Samcef solver. Points to Remember: Damping is ignored in a modal analysis. Any applied loads are ignored. Pre-stressed modal analysis requires performing a static structural analysis first. In the modal analysis you can use the Initial Condition object to point to the Static Structural analysis to include pre-stress effects.

CFD:
Fluid dynamics plays a critical role in many problems that we all encounter every day from Obvious applications such as water treatment Systems and auto and aircraft aerodynamics .As products and processes have become more complex, so too have your fluid dynamics problems: complex moving parts that need transient analysis (such as pistons and valves), Phase changes caused by heating or cooling liquids (for example, boilers and warmers) and multi-physics phenomena such as fluidstructure Interaction (oil rig and airfoil design). ANSYS FLUENT ANSYS FLUENT software is fully integrated into the ANSYS Workbench environment, the framework for the full engineering simulation suite of solutions from ANSYS. Its adaptive architecture enables users to easily set up any problem from standard fl uid fl ow analyses to complex interacting systems with simple drag-and-drop operations. Users can easily assess performance at multiple design points or compare several alternative designs. Within ANSYS Workbench, applications from multiple simulation disciplines can access tools common to all, such as CAD connection, geometry and meshing tools. ANSYS CFD-Post software can be used to compare results and to perform fi nal data analysis. Data transfer from ANSYS FLUENT to the ANSYS Mechanical program permits one-way FSI calculations. Technology ANSYS FLUENT software leads the engineering simulation industry in the number of complex physical models offered for solution on unstructured meshes. Combinations of elements in a variety of shapes are permitted, Such as quadrilaterals and triangles for 2-D simulations and hexahedra, Tetrahedral, polyhedral, prisms and pyramids for 3-D simulations. Meshes can be created using ANSYS or third-party meshing products and, in the case of polyhedral, via automatic cell agglomeration directly within ANSYS FLUENT. Meshes containing many cells, even over a billion, can quickly be automatically partitioned when read into ANSYS FLUENT software running on a compute cluster. Additional built-in tools can be used to further manipulate meshes.

Various industry solutions in Ansys CFD:


Numeric and Parallel Processing: Inside ANSYS FLUENT, sophisticated numeric and robust solvers including a pressure-based coupled solver, a fully segregated pressure-based solver and two density-based solver formulations help to ensure robust and accurate results for a nearly limitless range of flows. Advanced parallel processing numeric can efficiently utilize multiple multi-core processors in a single machine and in multiple machines on a network. Acoustics: Aero-acoustics is an important focus for many industrial applications. In ANSYS FLUENT, the noise resulting from unsteady pressure fluctuations can be computed in several ways. Heat Transfer, Phase Change and Radiation: ANSYS FLUENT offers engineers a comprehensive suite of options for modeling convection, conduction and radiation. Models are available for analyzing radiation in environments with optically thick (participating) media, and a view factor-based, surface-to-surface model is available for environments with transparent non-participating media. Reacting Flow: Comprehensive chemical reaction modeling, especially in turbulent conditions, has been a hallmark of ANSYS FLUENT software since its inception. The eddy dissipation concept, PDF transport and stiff finite rate chemistry models, paired with the proven workhorses of ANSYS FLUENT technology the eddy dissipation, equilibrium mixture fraction, flame let and premixed combustion models are useful for tackling a vast array of gaseous, coal and liquid fuel combustion simulations. Advantages of using Ansys CFD: it can be used to simulate a flow field across any complex structure without much pain. it uses the principle of control volume where the meshing can either regular or irregular in nature, leading to solve any complicated problem.

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