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primary solvent
Approximately of dry cleaning
tetrachlorethene
PERCHLOROETHYLENE EXPOSURE
Over 1.5 million workers
(www.ididnotknowthatyesterday.blogspot.com, n.d.)
(www.dispatch.com, n.d.)
Respiratory
Vapors/Fumes
Evaporative Emissions
(Tanios, M. et al., 2004)
Daily tasks
EXPOSURE EFFECTS:
Physiological:
CNS Depression Liver and Kidney Damage Impaired Memory; Confusion Dizziness; Vertigo; Headache ; Drowsiness
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Reproductive Failure Lung Disease
(Ma, J. et al., 2009; OSHA, n.d.; Tanios, M. et al., 2004; Tucker, J. et al., 2011; Vaughan, T. et al., 1997)
A case of hypersensity pneumonitis (HP) in a 42 yr old female dry cleaner worker following occupational
exposure to
perchloroethylene
(PCE).
(Tanios, M. et al., 2004)
(bestdrycleanersny.com)
Exposure Limits
OSHA 8 hr TWA PEL : 100ppm ACGIH 8 hr TLV : 26ppm
General Ventilation
Local exhaust ventilation
Limiting Employee
exposure
(OSHA, n.d.)
Chemical/solvent resistant gloves (e.g. Viton fluoroelastomer, polyvinyl alcohol, or unsupported nitrile)
(OSHA, n.d.)
PCE Exposure Assessment Engineering controls Work Practice Controls OSHA Standard Compliance
OHN CONSIDERATIONS:
Optimal PPE Equipment Employee Exposure Treatment & Management
NIOSH has conducted numerous studies on the commercial drycleaning industry evaluating various health and safety hazards.
References:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (n.d.). Drycleaning. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/dryclean/ Ma, J., Lessner, L., Schreiber, J., Carpenter, D. (2009). Association between residential proximity to PERC dry cleaning establishments and kidney cancer in New York City. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 1-7. doi: 10.1155/2009/183920 McKernan, L., Ruder, A., Peterson, M., Hein, M., Forrester, C., Sanderson, W., Ashley, D., Butler, M. (2008). Biological exposure assessment to tetrachloroethylene for workers in the dry cleaning industry. BioMed Central, 7(12), 1-10. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-7-12 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). (n.d.) Dry Cleaning. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/drycleaning/index.html Tanios, M., Gamal, H., Rosenberg, B., Hassoun, P. (2004). Can we still miss tetrachloroethyleneinduced lung disease? The emperor returns in new clothes. Respiration, (71), 642-645. doi: 10.1159/000081768 Tucker, J., Sorensen, K., Ruder, A., McKernan, L., Forrester, C., Butler, M. (2011). Cytogenic analysis of an exposed-referent study: Perchloroethylene-exposed dry cleaners compared to unexposed laundry workers. Environmental Health, 10(16), 1-6. Retrieved from http://www.ehjournal.net/content/10/1/16 Vaughan, T., Stewart, P., Davis, S., Thomas, D. (1997). Work in dry cleaning and the incidence of cancer of the oral cavity, larynx, and oesophagus. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, (54), 692-695. doi:10.1136/oem.54.9.692