ASM 11gR2 Installation & Configuration Role Separation Complete Nov-9-2011 NEW

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ASM 11gR2 Installation & Configuration (Role Separation). Author: Esteban Bernal

ASM 11gR2 Installation & Configuration
Using Job Role Separation
(grid & oracle OS users).

A) This document explains, in detail, the steps required to install the Oracle Grid
Infrastructure 11gR2 (11.2.0.X.X), setup & enable the OHAS services, create an ASM
instance and diskgroups through the OUI (Oracle Universal Installer).

B) This configuration explains in detail how to Create the OS Groups & OS Users for the
Grid Infrastructure & Oracle Database installations (using Job Role Separation).

C) Finally, it explains in detail the 11gR2 (11.2.0.X.X) or 11.1 or 10.2 RDBMS Oracle
Database Software Installation and database creation (using ASM as storage option).

D) VERY IMPORTANT!!!!!!!!! ==)> If you need to create an 11.1.0.X.X or 10.2.0.X.X
database using 11.2 ASM (as storage option), then you need to set the ASM GID to the
RDBMS oracle kernel (<10.2 or 11.1 RDBMS Oracle Home>/bin/oracle) before execute
the DBCA (before the database creation), please see step # 26 (below) for exact
instructions.

E) Note: Before start with the installation, please check the required hardware & OS
requirements in the next manuals:

http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/portal.portal_db?selected=11&frame=

=)> Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide
11g Release 2 (11.2) for <your specific platform>

=)>Oracle Database Installation Guide

http://www.oracle.com/pls/db111/portal.portal_db?selected=11&frame=


http://www.oracle.com/pls/db102/homepage


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11.2.0.X.0 Grid Infrastructure Oracle Home Installation steps:

1) Connect as root user to your Linux or UNIX host (Password: e.g. oracle):

2) Open a Terminal session:

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3) Select the IP address associated with your Linux or UNIX host (for this example we
will use: 192.168.187.128) provided by the host from the eth0 interface:

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4) Using the IP address from the eth0 interface (for this example: 192.168.187.128)
connect thru a putty or ssh session as follow (Login: root / Password: e.g. oracle):

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5) Verify the RAM, swap & tmp in the system, the minimum required RAM is 1.5 GB for
Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a cluster, or 2.5 GB for Grid Infrastructure for a cluster and
Oracle Server RAC. The minimum required swap space is 1.5 GB. Oracle recommends
that you set swap space to 1.5 times the amount of RAM for systems with 2 GB of RAM
or less. For systems with 2 GB to 16 GB RAM, use swap space equal to RAM. For
systems with more than 16 GB RAM, use 16 GB of RAM for swap space. Ensure that
you have at least 1 GB of space in /tmp. If this space is not available, then increase the
size, or delete unnecessary files in /tmp.

6) Ensure you have at least 4.5 GB of space for the grid infrastructure for a (Grid home):

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7) Create the grid & oracle OS users and oinstall, asmadmin, asmdba, asmoper,
dba & oracle groups and create base directories (connect as root user and execute the
next commands):

The next commands are required for RAC & Standalone Configurations:

groupadd -g 1000 oinstall
groupadd -g 1100 asmadmin
groupadd -g 1200 dba
groupadd -g 1201 oper
groupadd -g 1300 asmdba
groupadd -g 1301 asmoper

grep oinstall /etc/group
grep asmadmin /etc/group
grep dba /etc/group
grep oper /etc/group
grep asmdba /etc/group
grep asmoper /etc/group

useradd -u 1100 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper
-d /home/grid -s /bin/bash -c "Oracle GI Software
Owner" grid

useradd -u 1101 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper -d
/home/oracle -s /bin/bash -c "Oracle RDBMS Software
Owner" oracle

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The next section is only applicable to Standalone Configurations:

***Very important Note***: On 11.2 Grid Infrastructure Standalone (non-RAC)
Configurations, the grid OS user needs to be included in the OSDBA (dba) OS group.
This is because the grid infrastructure components must be able to connect to the
database as SYSDBA to start and stop the database.

For example, if the host user who installed the grid infrastructure home is named grid
and the OSDBA group of the new database is named dba, then user grid must be a
member of the dba group.

This is clearly documented in the next manual:

http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e17120/restart002.htm#BAB
CAFII

=)> Oracle Database Administrator's Guide
11g Release 2 (11.2)
Part Number E17120-06

==)> Configuring Oracle Restart

===)> Adding Components to the Oracle Restart Configuration

Therefore, ONLY on 11.2 Grid Infrastructure Standalone Configurations (non-RAC),
you need to execute (as root OS user) the next additional command to include the grid
user in the dba (OSDBA) OS group:

usermod -a -G dba grid

If you omit the previous step, then DBCA will fail with the next error during the
database creation:

srvctl start db -d ASMDB
PRCR-1079 : Failed to start resource ora.ASMDB.db
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
CRS-2674: Start of 'ora.ASMDB.db' on 'siha1' failed

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The next commands are required for RAC & Standalone Configurations:

Connect as root user and execute the next commands:

id oracle

id grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid

chown -R grid:oinstall /u01

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle

chmod -R 775 /u01

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8) Install the ASMLIB RPMs (Linux only):

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/linux/index-101839.html

8.1) For this example we are using the next kernel release:

[root@asmteam /]# uname -r
2.6.18-164.el5PAE

8.2) So the next 3 RPMs need to be downloaded:

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/linux/downloads/rhel5-084877.html

=)> Intel IA32 (x86) Architecture

==)> Library and Tools

a) oracleasm-support-2.1.3-1.el5.i386.rpm
b) oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm

==)> Drivers for kernel 2.6.18-164.el5

c) oracleasm-2.6.18-164.el5PAE-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm

8.3) They can be installed as described in the next document:

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/linux/install-082632.html

8.4) Validate oracleasm RPMs were installed:

[root@asmteam asmlibRPMs]# rpm -qa | grep oracleasm-support-2.1.3-1.el5
oracleasm-support-2.1.3-1.el5

[root@asmteam asmlibRPMs]# rpm -qa | grep oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5

[root@asmteam asmlibRPMs]# rpm -qa | grep oracleasm-2.6.18-164.el5PAE-2.0.5-
1.el5
oracleasm-2.6.18-164.el5PAE-2.0.5-1.el5

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9) List the disks available for ASM/ASMLIB, for this example we will use 3 SCSI disks of
10 GB each:

10) Check if the partitions exist:

# ls -l /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1

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11) If the partitions do not exists, then create one partition per disk:

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12) Setup the Oracle ASMLIB API (Linux only):

Note: Having we are doing an ASM Role Separation, the candidate ASMLIB disks or
raw devices or block devices or LUNs or NAS devices, etc, which will be used for ASM
disks, need to be owned by the Grid Infrastructure OS user (grid) and by the OSASM
group (asmadmin). This applies for both Linux & Unix.

Non-role separation configurations will use oracle:dba as the user:group for all the
candidate/member disks.

But using ASM Role Separation, the ownership for the ASM disks will be
grid:asmadmin. Note that the Grid Infrastructure software owner must be same owner
for all the ASM disks as well.

The suggested name for the OS user is grid and the suggested name for the OS group
is asmadmin (as follow):

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13) Create the ASMLIB disks on the 3 SCSI disk partitions:

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14) Download the Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Grid Infrastructure (11.2.0.1.0)
for Linux x86 from
http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/index.html

=)> linux_11gR2_grid.zip (980,831,749 bytes) (cksum - 3583041487)

15) Download the Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) for Linux x86 from
http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/index.html

=)> linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip (1,285,396,902 bytes) (cksum - 2237015228)
=)> linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip (995,359,177 bytes) (cksum - 2649514514)

Note 1: For Grid Infrastructure & RDBMS software 11.2.0.2 release, you can download
them using the next reference:

=)> 11.2.0.2 Patchset Location For Grid Infrastructure And RDBMS. (Doc ID
1223673.1)

Note 2: For Grid Infrastructure & RDBMS software 11.2.0.3 release, you can download
them using the next reference:

=)> 11.2.0.3 Patchset Location For Grid Infrastructure And RDBMS. (Doc ID
1362393.1)

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16) FTP the linux_11gR2_grid.zip, linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip &
linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip to your Linux box:

16.1) Create a stage directory, for this example I am creating it at /u01 filesystem:

# mkdir /u01/stage

16.2) Then upload the three *.zip files to your Linux box and place the files at your
staging directory:

16.3) Uncompress the three zip files:

[root@asmteam /]# unzip linux_11gR2_grid.zip; unzip linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip;
unzip linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

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16.4) You will see 2 new directories (grid & database) on the /u01/stage directory:

17) Switch to the grid OS user, setup & set the environment variables in the initialization
file (for this example we are using bash shell (.bash_profile)):

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid # Grid Oracle Base

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid # Grid Oracle Home

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:.

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM

stty erase ^H

umask 022

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18) Install the Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11gR2 from a graphical session as grid OS
user (for this example we will use VNCserver as graphical interface):

18.1) Start a vncserver as grid user & set the Password = e.g. oracle:

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18.2) Connect to the vncserver using the IP address associated with the host:

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18.3) Execute the OUI (Oracle Universal Installer) as grid OS user:

$ /u01/stage/grid/runInstaller

18.4) Select: Install and Configure Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server.

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18.5) Select the desired languages.

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18.6) Create the desired diskgroups through the Create ASM Disk Group window, (for
this Example we are creating the DATA diskgroup, as Normal redundancy diskgroup,
using the ORCL:ASMDISK1 & ORCL:ASMDISK2 ASMLIB disks):

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18.7) Set the desired password for the ASM & ASMSNMP users through the Specify
ASM Password window:

18.8) If you password does not conform the Oracle recommended standards then you
will receive the next warning, so you can just ignore it & press [Yes] or provide a
stronger password.

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18.9) Assign the OS groups for the ASM Database Administrator, ASM Instance
Administration Operator & ASM Instance Administrator roles, through the
Privileged Operating System Groups window, and set the groups to the respective
roles as follow:

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18.10) Specify the Oracle Home & Oracle Base directories through the Specify
Installation Location window:

Oracle Base: /u01/app/grid

Oracle Grid Home: /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid

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18.11) Accept the Oracle Inventory Location, by pressing the [Next] button through the
Create Inventory window:

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18.12) Some OS requirements (swap & kernel parameters) did not pass the OUI
verification, please review each requirement, through the Perform Prerequisites
Checks window (below):

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18.13) Please press the [Fix & Check Again] button (above) to correct the prerequisites,
then the Execute Fixup Script window will be displayed:

18.14) Then run the runfixup.sh script as root user to implement the fixes:

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18.15) Press the [OK] button after execute the runfixup.sh script through the Execute
Fixup Script window:

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18.16) The required kernel parameters were adjusted but the swap area still needs to be
increased:

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18.17) You can ask your SA to resize the swap area as suggested by the OUI (see
above), for this example we will add a 1GB swap file (on the / directory) as described in
the next document:

http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-8.0-Manual/custom-guide/s1-swap-
adding.html

Note: Enable it at boot time, edit /etc/fstab and include the new swap device (/swapfile):

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18.18) After the swap area was increased please press the [Check Again] button,
through the Perform Prerequisites Checks window (below):

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18.19) The Summary window will appear, so please review it and press the [Finish]
button (below) to start with the Grid Infrastructure Installation & ASM instance creation:

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18.20) Then just monitor the progress of this installation:

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18.21) Execute the orainstRoot.sh & root.sh scripts as root user:

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18.22) Then return to the Execute Configuration Scripts window and press the [OK]
button:

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18.23) Continue monitoring the Post Installation / Configuration steps (NETCA &
ASMCA Assistants are being executed):

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18.24) Confirm the 11gR2 Grid Infrastructure Installation completed successfully, then
press the [Close] button:

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19) Verify the OHAS & CSS services are up and running:

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20) Verify the ASM instance is up and running:

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21) Run the ASMCA through a graphical session and create the RECO diskgroup on the
ORCL:ASMDISK3 (/dev/oracleasm/disks/ASMDISK3) ASMLIB disk:

21.1) Select the [Create] button (below):

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21.2) Specify the Disk Group Name as RECO (as External redundancy diskgroup),
select the ORCL:ASMDISK3 disk (below), press the [Show Advanced Options] button to
display the AU & Compatibility attributes (these are modifiable but for this example we
are using the default values):

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21.3) And finally press the [OK] button to create the RECO diskgroup:

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21.4) Review the diskgroup creation (below) and press the [Exit] button:

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11.2.0.X.0 RDBMS Oracle Home Installation steps:

22) Connect as root user and uncompress the 11.2.0.1.0 RDBMS software (e.g.
linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip & linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip):

.
.
.
.

23) Switch to the oracle OS user, setup & set the environment variables in the
initialization file (for this example we are using bash shell (.bash_profile)):

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle # Oracle RDBMS BASE

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 # DB RDBMS
Oracle Home

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:.

export ORACLE_SID=ASMDB

stty erase ^H

umask 022

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24) Install the Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11gR2 from a graphical session as oracle OS
user (for this example we will use VNCserver):

24.1) Start a vncserver as oracle user & set the Password = e.g. oracle:

24.2) Connect to the vncserver using the IP address associated with the host:

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24.3) Execute the OUI (Oracle Universal Installer) as oracle OS user:

$ /u01/stage/database/runInstaller

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24.4) At the Configure Security Updates page you have the option to enable security
issues notifications by email (e.g. new PSU patches, etc.), this is optional, so you can
skip this part by pressing the [Next] button:

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24.5) At the Select Installation Option page, select Create and configure a
database, then press the [Next] button:

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24.6) At the System Class page, select Server Class, then press the [Next] button:

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24.7) At the Node Selection page, select Single instance database installation, then
press the [Next] button:

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24.8) At the Select Install Type page, select Advanced installation, then press the
[Next] button:

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24.9) At the Select Product Languages page, select the desired language(s), then

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24.10) At the Select Database Edition page, select Enterprise Edition, then press
the [Next] button:

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24.11) At the Specify Installation Location page, verify the Oracle Base & Oracle
Home are correctly set, as follow:

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

And then press the [Next] button:

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24.12) At the Select Configuration Type page, select General Purpose / Transaction
Possessing, then press the [Next] button:

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24.13) At the Specify Database Identifiers page, provide the database & instance
name, then press the [Next] button:

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24.14) At the Specify Configuration Options page, specify the desired Memory
settings (PGA & SGA), Character Set, etc, then press the [Next] button:

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24.15) At the Specify Management Options page, depending of your business
requirement, specify Grid Control or Database Control, then press the [Next] button:

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24.16) At the Specify Database Storage Options page, select Automatic Storage
Management, specify the password for the ASMSNMP user (same password used to
create the ASM instance), for this example oracle was used as password & then press
the [Next] button:

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24.17) At the Specify Recovery Options page, select Do not enable automated
backups (optional), then press the [Next] button:

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24.18) At the Select ASM Disk Group page, select DATA diskgroup, then press the
[Next] button:

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24.19) At the Specify Schema Password page, select Use the same password for all
accounts, set oracle as password, then press the [Next] button:

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24.20) At the Privileged Operating System Groups page, set the OSDBA &
OSOPER groups/roles as follow:

OSDBA = dba
OSOPER = oper

And then press the [Next] button:

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24.21) At the Summary page, review the RDBMS installation & database options, then

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24.22) Then just monitor the progress for this RDBMS 11.2.0.X.X installation & database
creation:

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24.23) After the database is created, the OUI/DBCA will display the Database
Information (including the URL to access the Database Control), write down this
information, then press the [OK] button:

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24.24) Then the OUI will ask to run the root.sh script:

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Therefore, please open a new shell session, connect as root user and execute the
root.sh script:

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24.25) At the Finish page, press the [Close] button to exit from the OUI:

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25) Using the URL from step # 24.23, validate the access to the database control and
ASM section:

Enterprise Manager Database Control URL - (ASMDB):

https://asmteam:1158/em

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26) VERY IMPORTANT!!!!!!!!! ==)> If you need to create an 11.1.0.X.X or 10.2.0.X.X
database using ASM 11.2.0.X.X (as storage option), then you need to set the ASM GID
to the oracle kernel (<10.2 or 11.1 RDBMS Oracle Home>/bin/oracle executable),
this needs to be set before you execute the DBCA (before the database creation) as
follow:

26.1) Apply the Patch 9575578, only if your Grid Infrastructure Oracle Home is on
11.2.0.1.0 or 11.2.0.1.2 release, this patch can be downloaded from MOS using the next
reference:

https://updates.oracle.com/download/9575578.html

Note: In 11.2.0.2.X or 11.2.0.3.X Grid Infrastructure releases, the fix for Bug: 9575578
is already included, therefore you can skip this step and continue with the next steps.

26.2) Connect as grid user and set the ASM GID to the RDBMS Oracle Home (any
11.2.0.X.X Grid Infrastructure release) as follow:

# su - grid

$> id

$> <Oracle Grid Home>/bin/setasmgidwrap o=<10.2 or 11.1 RDBMS DB Oracle
Home >/bin/oracle

$> ls l <10.2 or 11.1 RDBMS DB Oracle Home>/bin/oracle

26.3) Example output (after complete these steps, you should see the asmadmin
group associated to the RDBMS $ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle binary):

a) RDBMS session before the ASM GID change (connected as oracle OS user):

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b) Grid Infrastructure session to implement the ASM GID change (connected as grid OS
user):

c) RDBMS session after the ASM GID change (connected as oracle OS user):

Note: The asmadmin group is now associated to the RDBMS
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle kernel executable.

26.4) Then run the DBCA to create the database (either from your 10.2 or 11.1
Database Oracle Home):

$> <10.2 or 11.1 RDBMS DB Oracle Home>/bin/dbca

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Example:

[oracle@asmgrid dbhome_2]$id
uid=1101(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1000(oinstall),1200(dba),1201(oper),1300(asmdba)
[oracle@asmgrid dbhome_2]$
[oracle@asmgrid dbhome_2]$echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u02/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/dbhome_2
[oracle@asmgrid dbhome_2]$ls -l $ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle
-rwsr-s--x 1 oracle asmadmin 93362227 Nov 10 11:52 /u02/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/dbhome_2/bin/oracle
[oracle@asmgrid dbhome_2]$$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca

ASM 11gR2 Installation & Configuration Role Separation Complete Nov-9-2011 NEW

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ASM 11gR2 Installation & Configuration Role Separation Complete Nov-9-2011 NEW