George Feast

Levi Strausss Binary Opposition Theory

Claude Levi Straus was a French anthropologist and ethnologist who, with the influence
oftheorists such as Marx and Trubetzko originated his !inar "pposition theor# $e
concluded that binar oppositions, a set of ter%s which contrast each other are present in
narratives# These catalsts are i%portant in a successful stor because drawing
togethercontrasting world or characters inspire conflict and an interesting narrative which
is alsoessential for a good stor# !eing fascinated with Swiss linguist Ferdinand de
Saussure and developed his analsis of words# $e believed that words were &culturall
constructed' with pro%inent religious or cultural ideologies built into words giving the%
different %eanings# The wa we understand a word is because of the existence of its direct
binar opposite# This relates to %edia because the difference in the world of the stor
clash and creating conflict# This causes a distinguished character roles because there
cannot be a hero without a villain and vice versa#

http())www#i%db#co%)title)tt**+,-.*)
Hypodermic Needle Theory
This theor suggested that %ass %edia had a direct and i%%ediate powerful effect on its
audiences# This was influenced b the /azi regi%e co%petence in indoctrinated the nation
with propaganda illustrating the part as a brilliant thing# 0%ericans did starkl the
opposite, producing propaganda to show the regi%e as an evil fascist force# !oth products
present a %essage to the audience without re1ection# The theor states that the %edia
2needle3 in1ects a %essage into the audience heads and effects the% directl without their
knowledge# The %essage then causes a change in psche and behaviour of the audience#
4ue to the Theor being based on an assu%ption of hu%an nature and not e%pirical
evidence it is re1ected b %an %edia scholars# This was tested b Lazarfield and $erta
$erzog in the radio !roadcast of &war of the worlds' in a panicked news bulletin in 0%erica#
5t resulted in the 6S0 descending into chaos with so%e of the -7 %illion viewers going into


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George Feast
panic# 5t proved that the theor effects so%e people and not others
https://www.youtube.com/watchv!"npT#$$#%&o
Barthes 'ni(ma )ode
8oland !arthe argued that ever narrative is interwoven with %ultiple codes in &9)7#' The
theor suggests text poses a %ster to captivate the audience and draw their interest into
the piece, beco%ing intrigued# The 7 codes are the($er%eneutic code: The stor is not
full explained, the full truth avoided to keep the audience guessing until revealed in final
scene# ;roairetic Code( 0ction that indicates so%ething else will happen, with this the
audience can sa what the character is going to do next#
The se*uences:
The%atisation: what in the narrative is the enig%a
;ositioning: 0dditional confir%ation of the enig%a
For%ulation of the enig%a
;ro%ise of an answer to the enig%a
Fraud: Circu%vention of the true answer
<=uivocation: %ixture of fraud and truth2confusion3
!locking: The enig%a cannot be solved
Suspended answer: stopping answering after having begun
;artial answer: so%e factors of the truth
4isclosure of the truth
Todorov Narrative Theory
Todorov was a !ulgarian Linguist who originated a narrative theor in -.,. which he
believed he could applied to an fil%# $e argued narrative went through five stages(
-# <=ulibriu% 20ll is how it should be3
7# 0 disruption of that order b an event
># 0 recognition the disorder has occurred
?# 0n atte%pt to repair the da%age of the disruption
9# 0 return or restoration to the new <=uilibriu%
Todorovs theor can be related to a lot of fil%s apart fro% fil%s who break these stages
such as @uentin TarantinoAs fil% ;ulp fiction(
http())www#i%db#co%)title)tt*--*.-7)
George Feast

+ropps character theory
Blad%ir propp's character theor was developed for studing %edia texts and productions#
$e concluded the research of C broad character tpes present in -** %edia products he
analsed which could be applied to other %edia
The villain 2struggles against the hero3
The donor 2prepares the hero or gives the hero so%e %agical ob1ect3
The 2%agical3 helper 2helps the hero in the =uest3?#
The princess 2person the hero %arries, often sought for during the narrative3
The false hero 2perceived as good character in beginning but e%erges as evil3
The dispatcher 2character who %akes the lack known and sends the hero off3
The hero D0E0 victi%)seeker)paladin)winner, reacts to the donor, weds the princess
George Feast