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Melissa Li
Jaya Dubey
Writing 39C
12 Apr 2014
The Affordable Housing Crisis: Fueled by Gentrification and the Technology Boom
To afford the average two-bedroom apartment in San Francisco, individuals
would need to earn $37.62 an hour, according to the National Low Income Housing
Coalition. Housing in San Francisco has become the most costly in the nation. In Figure
1, the data illustrates how housing prices in San Francisco and San Jose are relatively the
same and it would take multiple
full-time jobs to afford a two-
bedroom. It has become
extremely difficult for modest
earners to live in the city and
the disparities of housing and
income equity are significantly transforming San Francisco. In the first technology boom
from 1996 to 2000, San Francisco writer, historian, and activist Rebecca Solnit describes
how long-time non-profits, arts and community centers made way for offices and high-
end restaurants. San Francisco is experiencing yet another technology boom where
neighborhoods are transforming again. Historically, San Francisco has continuously
attracted people who seek a progressive life. With scenic views, stunning beaches, year-
round free concerts and cultural activities; the high quality of life in this urban paradise is
compromised by the high costs in housing. According to the Mayors Office of Housing
Figure 1: National Low Income Housing Coalition, Out of Reach 2014:
California. Web.

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and Community Development, housing is commonly considered "affordable" if you
are paying no more than 30% of your household income toward your housing expenses.
As technology employees and companies from Silicon Valley arrive, housing has become
an unaffordable luxury even for individuals in the middle class (Florida). The affordable
housing crisis in San Francisco is caused by the governments generous incentives to the
technology industry and systematic failure in providing tenant protection by reforming
the Ellis Act. The gentrification and increasing displacement of visionaries such as artists,
activists, and small businesses who have shaped the culture and history, results in
changes in liberal politics that cater to the influx of young and wealthy technology
workers and residential segregation of the low-income, working, and middle classes.
The current technology boom, which started in the late 2000s, is further widening
the gap of housing equity due to Mayor Edwin M. Lee providing generous tax policies to
the technology industry. In an effort to spur economic growth and revitalize the blighted
Central Market neighborhood in 2011, the local government approved the Central
Market/Tenderloin Payroll Expense Tax Exclusion, which exempts businesses located
within the defined exclusion area from additional payroll tax as they add jobs during any
six years in an eight-year period (Office of Economic and Workforce Development). As
social media company, Twitter was seeking to expand and move its headquarters toward
Silicon Valley, the local government provided the tax break as an incentive for Twitter to
move in. By providing a tax break when a company threatens to leave, it leaves a
negative precedent for other companies to follow. Katy Steinmez, a TIME reporter based
in San Francisco, explained that before Twitter's stock market launch in 2013, the
Securities and Exchange Commission estimated that the [tax] break could be worth up to
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$56 million compared with the citys initial estimate of $22 million. Although the
unemployment rate has decreased, various activists continue to protest against this tax
break. Since the tax break was approved, 18 technology companies, 17 small businesses
and eight arts venues have opened in the area, according to Mayor Ed Lee's
administration. Twitter's headquarter in the Central Market area has become a symbol of
gentrification and displacement for housing activists and long-term residents. Steinmez
justifies, Angry residents continue to see the tax break as an example of politicians
coddling the booming
tech sector while many low-income
residents are hurting. The local
government provides hundreds of
millions of dollars to the well-off tech
industry while the city struggles to
provide basic services while bridging budget deficits. Similar to the first technology
boom, San Francisco's reliance on a single sector is prone to severe booms and busts.
The historical cause of the rising housing inequity would be a failure to reform
housing laws such as the Ellis Act, passed in 1985, which leave tenants vulnerable to
evictions. The well intentioned Ellis Act is a state law that allows legitimate landlords a
way out of the rental business, is abused by speculators who use a loophole in the Ellis
Act to evict longtime residents just to turn a profit. (Office of the Mayor) Many
speculators purchase property with the purpose to flip it from rent control to
condominiums. Mayor Lee explained that speculators who make a quick profit as a result
of displacing long-term residents were not the landlords the Ellis Act was designed to
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help.(Romney) Supervisor David Campos requested that the Budget and Legislative
Analyst analyze the data and level of housing displacement in San Francisco.
In Figure 2, the Ellis Act evictions have occurred is various neighborhoods in San
Francisco and approximately
64.1 percent has occurred in
these seven neighborhoods,
which have distant
characteristics and are close
to tech companies shuttle
stops. San Franciscos Inner
Mission has had the most
Ellis Act evictions in the past five years. According to Alexandra Goldman, an academic
in the Department of City and Regional Planning at the University of California,
Berkeley, elaborates that prices rise at a faster rate when housing is near technology
shuttle stops (26). The rent-controlled apartments face steep rent increases. Ellis Act
evictions have increased due to the influx of
technology workers who are able to afford the high
rental costs. Numerous accounts of evictions of long-
term residents include an elderly Chinese couple
and their 48-year-old mentally disabled daughter
being evicted from their home of 34 years (Fagan). A
significant amount of evictions are elderly citizens
and families on a fixed income who are unjustly evicted by the loophole and do not have
Figure 2: Budget and Legislative Analyst, Analysis of Tenant
Displacement Web. 30 Oct. 2013
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alternative places to go. In his article, Gabriel Metcalf, the executive director of SPUR, a
nonprofit organization that promotes good planning and good government, asserts that
San Franciscos housing crisis is due to San Franciscos inability to construct sufficient
housing to meet the increasing demand. Ellis Act evictions often escalate during periods
when home sales increase. That was the case during the technology boom that ended in
2000 and during the housing bubble that peaked in 2005. Ellis Act evictions are
drastically increasing as citys real estate market recovers from the recession and as the
tech boom spurs demand for housing.
Innovators to San Franciscos culture are facing the casualties of the city's
commercial real estate boom because they are faced with evictions. Kenneth Baker, a
writer for the San Francisco Chronicles highlights the impacts on local artists and
galleries by explaining that all occupants of 77 Geary St., will be leaving soon to make
way for their high-tech neighbor, MuleSoft, an Internet services company that needed
to expand (Baker). As an area becomes more attractive to the wealthy, realtors and
apartment managers have been known to select against small businesses who are unable
to compete with the resources of large corporations to secure and maintain a lease. With
steep increases in leases, numerous small businesses in particularly in the Mission
District are adversely impacted. Nancy Raquel Mirabel, an Associate Professor of Latino
Studies at San Francisco State University, examines how the Mission has previously
survived gentrification during the 1990s, but the lost of culture is inevitable. The Mission
District continues to face changes, while long-term artists leaves and small businesses
close due to rising prices.
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As technology companies increase their monetary contributions to influence
political leaders, San Franciscos liberal political atmosphere is also changing as a result.
Technology companies have contributed over $61 million in 2013 for lobbying
(Ferenstein). Many technology companies are building relationships with Washington;
therefore they prefer lobbying as an investment rather than facing penalties. Chester
Hartman, an urban planner and author of City for Sale: The Transformation of San
Francisco, explains those who have the gold get to make the rules (394). The
technology industry has paid significant amounts for lobbying, despite pledging money
for affordable housing. In his article, San Franciscos rightward turn: Why it may no
longer be Americas iconic liberal city, George Mcintire, writer for Salon

explains, The
reason why we have San Francisco Values is due to the scores of working-class
activists over the years who fought long and hard for these values. The symbols of
gentrification are causing the treasured historic identity, and reputation as the example for
liberalism to being relegated to the past. San Francisco is currently experiencing a
massive and rapid demographic change like nothing it has ever seen in its history. The
demographic changes also reflects the changing political views, Mcintire asserts, The
political conventional wisdom states that lower-income and middle-class people are
generally more liberal and less conservative than upper-class people. San Francisco
activists have enacted the country's strongest rent control, eviction protection, and
housing preservation laws. When activists who promote liberal causes are forced to leave
the city, there will be no one to fight for tenants rights against conservative policies. The
increase in wealthy tech workers has caused legislation to become more conservative and
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to favor the technology industry. This social justice issue negatively impacts people who
have limited resources and are unable to voice their views.
The displacement of primarily low-income and minorities causes an economic
burden on neighboring cities, which results in income inequality and residential
segregation. The majority of the Latino
population who are displaced have migrated
to Oakland seeking cheaper housing, which
results in severe rents and rent increases in
2013. Between 1990 and 2011, the number
of Latino households in the Mission decreased by 1,400, while the number of White
households increased by 2,900, examined by advocacy group Causta Justa (7). In the
same period, as Latino households migrate to Oakland, African American residents
decreased by 40 percent (Causta Justa 7). According to statistics presented to a special
hearing of the Board of Supervisors, only 13.4 percent of San Francisco's approximately
800,000 people are under the age of 18, which is the lowest proportion of kids for any
major city in the United States. It has become difficult to raise children due to financial
stress and have caused families to migrate to other cities. People who are either evicted or
no longer afford housing in San Francisco are moving to neighboring cities where the
environment and social conditions may be lacking and experience direct impacts on
mental and psychological wellbeing. The most adversely affected are African Americans
and Latinos, who are suffering financially, as well as physically. According to Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, vulnerable populations are exposed to shorter life
expectancy; higher cancer rates; more birth defects; greater infant mortality; and higher
A lack of affordable housing is
one of the citys greatest
challenges.

Previous San Francisco Mayor,
Gavin Newsom
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incidence of asthma, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Gentrification and
displacement will not only have health impacts, but it also harms the entire city.
The affordable housing crisis continues to persist and is one of the primary
challenges in San Francisco due to the history of anti-growth development in legislation.
Scott Weiner, a San Francisco supervisor who is an advocate of new housing describes,
San Francisco has been unwilling to prioritize smart housing production of market-rate
and affordable units, even while our laws state that housing is to be encouraged. The
local government has slowly addressed this issue by promoting the construction of
affordable units. Recently the Office of the Mayor released news of the launching of the
Ellis Act Housing Preference Program, where tenants who have been displaced will now
be given preference for the Citys affordable housing programs. Housing legislation
needs to be reformed at a quicker rate in order to ensure tenant protection and to reduce
the migration of families and elderlies. San Francisco has not provided sufficient supply
to meet demand and the lack of government intervention and action draws concerns
among those who are wrongly displaced. San Francisco is currently at a honeymoon stage
of the technology boom, but faces similarities to the first technology boom in the 1990s
where the increase in technology entrepreneurship eventually led to the bust where there
were wasted investments and the collapse of poorly operated technology companies.

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Working Bibliography
Causa Justa:: Just Cause. Development without Displacement-Alameda County. Web.
18 Apr 2014.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Health Effects of Gentrification." Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC, 08 Aug 2013. Web. 13 Apr 2014.
National Low Income Housing Coalition. Out of Reach 2014. National Low Income
Housing Coalition. Web. 18 Apr 2014.
Centner, Ryan. "Places of Privileged Consumption Practices: Spatial Capital, The Dot-
Com Habitus, And San Francisco's Internet Boom." City & Community 7.3
(2008): 193-223. Academic Search Complete. Web. 26 Apr. 2014.
Ryan Centner, an urban and development scholar at the London School of
Economics and Political Science and previous Assistant Professor at Tufts
University, argues that transformation of San Francisco was due to the technology
boom in the late 1990s. Centner supports his argument in his academic article by
examining the changes in consumption of technology workers, changes in diverse
neighborhoods, and interviews local residents in order highlight the brutal
changes in the economy and the importance of technology workers. Centner is
writing to an academic audience who is interested in the impacts of technology
workers during the technology boom and bust. Centners purpose is to examine
the challenges brought by the technology bust, effects of gentrification, and
understanding of inequalities.

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Constine, Josh. "Google Sets Example By Trying To Offset Perils Of SF Gentrification."
TechCrunch. 28 Feb 2014. Web. 11 Apr 2014.
Cutler, Kim-Mai. How Burrowing Owls Lead To Vomiting Anarchists (Or SFs
Housing Crisis Explained). TechCrunch. 14 Apr 2014. Web 18 Apr 2014.
Ellen, Ingrid Gould, and Katherine M. O'Regan. "How low income neighborhoods
change: Entry, exit, and enhancement." Regional Science and Urban Economics
41.2 (2011): 89-97.
Ingrid Gould Ellen and Katherine M. ORegan are both professors of Urban
Policy and Planning at NYU Wagner. In their article, Ellen and ORegan argues
that the racial shift of low-income neighborhoods in the 1990s is caused by the
arrival of higher income homeowners. Ellen and ORegan addresses the income
changes of new residents, displacement rates, and housing data from the Census
in their article in order to examine the effects of displacement of low-income
resident and to study the underlying sources of economic changes. Ellen and
ORegan is writing to an audience who would like to comprehend the new
evidence and the consequences on residential changes in low-income
neighborhoods.
Ferenstein, Gregory. "How Much Google And Other Tech Companies Spent On D.C.
Lobbyists In One Chart. TechCrunch. TechCrunch, 23 Jan. 2014. Web. 28
Florida, Richard. "The Search for Affordable Housing Is Pushing the Middle Class to the
Exurbs." . The Atlantic Cities, 8 Apr. 2014. Web. 10 Apr. 2014.
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Goldman, Alexandra, and Master of City Planning. "THE GOOGLE SHUTTLE
EFFECT: GENTRIFICATION AND SAN FRANCISCOS DOT COM BOOM
2.0." (2013).
In her article, Alexandra Goldman, an academic in the Department of City and
Regional Planning at the University of California, Berkeley, asserts that the
Google buses are symbols of gentrification, which has transformed San
Franciscos Mission District and has adversely impacted the culture of Latinos.
Goldman supports her argument of the problem of housing equity caused by the
influx of technology worker by providing statistics of income inequality, analysis
of rising housing costs of housing near tech shuttle stops, and suggestions for
addressing the impacts of gentrification. Goldmans purpose is to examine the
Google buses in relation to the increased housing and eviction rates in order to
inform the local community of the social justice issue. Goldman is writing to an
educated audience who has an interest in the transformation of San Francisco and
who would like to be a part of the conversation.
Hartman, Chester W, Sarah Carnochan, and Chester W. Hartman. City for Sale: The
Transformation of San Francisco. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.
Internet resource.
Chester Hartman, an urban planner, author and Director of Research of the
Poverty & Race Research Action Council in Washington, DC, argues that San
Francisco has a history of displacing minorities and addresses San Franciscos
affordable housing and homelessness issues while explaining the difficulties of
the citys redevelopment process since the mid-1950s. In his book, Hartman
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explains the drastic changes with his personal accounts of urban renewal,
redevelopment of several neighborhoods, and court cases in order to address the
concerns of preserving a certain population over another, which causes shifts in
the population. Hartmans audience includes people who would like a deeper
insight of the demographic and historical changes in San Francisco. Hartmans
purpose is to evaluate the development history, housing crisis, and movements of
San Francisco to see what can be done to protect and preserve the current state.
Mcintire, George. "San Franciscos rightward turn: Why it may no longer be Americas
iconic liberal city." Salon. Salon, 16 Feb. 2014. Web. 24 Apr. 2014.
Metcalf, Gabriel. "It's Not Too Late to Make San Francisco Affordable Again. Here's
How." The Atlantic CITIES PLACE MATTERS. The Atlantic Cities, 20 Jan 2014.
Web. 10 Apr 2014.
Mirabal, Nancy Raquel. "Geographies Of Displacement: Latina/Os, Oral History, And
The Politics Of Gentrification In San Francisco's Mission District." Public
Historian 31.2 (2009): 7-31. Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.
Nancy Raquel Mirabel, an Associate Professor of Latino Studies at San Francisco
State University, claims that the Mission District in San Francisco is one of the
most gentrified neighborhoods, which endured drastic economic and racial
changes during the 1900s. In her article, Mirabel supports her argument of the
negative impacts of the transformation and lost history by providing interviews,
anecdotes, and comparisons of different San Francisco neighborhoods that were
gentrified in order to inform the audience of the issue of displacement affecting
low-income and minorities who have greatly contributed to culture and history of
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the Mission District. Mirabel is writing to an educated audience who would like to
learn about the oral histories of people who were adversely affected by the tech
bust and housing market and the future outcome. Mirabels purpose is to advocate
the effects of gentrification and displacement so that people are able to take
initiative to prevent further harm on innocent people who have nowhere else to
stay.
Romney, Lee. "Lawmaker seeks to slow San Francisco tenant displacement." Los
Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 24 Feb 2014. Web. 10 Apr 2014.
Sankin, Aaron. "Affordable Housing Gap Leaves San Francisco's Neediest In Dire
Straits." The Huffington Post. The Huffington Post , 18 July 2012. Web. 13 Apr.
2012.
Solnit, Rebecca and Susan Schwartzenberg. Hollow City: The Siege of San Francisco and
the Crisis of American Urbanism. New York: Verso. 2000. Print.
Steinmetz, Katy. "What The Twitter Tax Break Means For San Francisco ." Time. Time
Inc, 28 Feb. 2014. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.
Walker, Richard. The Boom and the Bombshell: the New Economy Bubble and the San
Francisco Bay Area ed. Giovanna Vertova. Changing Economic Geography of
Globalization. London: Rouledge. 2006. 121-147. Print.
Richard Walker, a Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley
and an urban geographer who is best known work is in economic geography,
claims that the influx of dot-commers represented growth, but also caused
negative economic impacts during technology boom, which was propelled by
several factors such as government spending, increasing housing costs, and urban
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renewal. In his publication, Walker address the issue of the technology boom and
bust with his study of the San Francisco Bay Area in the 1900s with data from the
San Francisco Planning Department and analyses the state of the stock and real
estate market. Walkers audience includes academics who are interested in the
quantitative analysis and people who would like to understand the history of the
first dot com boom. Walkers intended purpose is to showcase the progress of the
technology boom and the impacts of the bust on housing, economy, and politics.
Wiener, Scott. "How San Francisco creates its own housing crisis." SFGate. SFGate, 13
Jan 2014. Web. 10 Apr 2014.

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Source Evaluations
"Health Effects of Gentrification." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC, 08
Aug 2013. Web. 13 Apr 2014.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is a federal agency under the Department
of Health and Human Services, which focuses on developing and applying disease
control and prevention. This government agency discusses the definition, causes, and
negative health effects of gentrification. The agency explains the economic disparities
among special populations, including the poor, women, children, the elderly, and
members of racial/ethnic minority groups, who are primarily affected by gentrification
and faces the consequences of shorter life expectancy and increased incidences of
diseases. The information provided is unbiased since the viewpoints of the causes are
acknowledged to be debatable. This website includes other federal and nonfederal
resources. The site also references from the Brooking Institution Center on Urban and
Metropolitan Policy and PolicyLink.

Constine, Josh. "Google Sets Example By Trying To Offset Perils Of SF Gentrification."
TechCrunch. TechCrunch, 28 Feb 2014. Web. 11 Apr 2014.
Josh Constine, a technology journalist who specializes in analysis of social products, is
affiliated with TechCrunch, which is devoted to profiling startups, evaluating new
Internet products, and breaking technology news. In his article, Constine argues that the
technology boom does not solely cause the gentrification issues of San Francisco. The
background information of the governments lack of involvement and proposals provides
context for addressing the solutions. The articles mainly talks about how different
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technology companies should follow Googles example of investing in the community
that is impacted by their presence. Although, the article does not delve into the
consequences of different technology companies impact on local residents, Constine
does provide statistics to address the lack of city planning and building of housing to
support the increasing new residents. This article includes relevant evidence and statistics
from credible sources such as SPUR and the Office of the Mayor. Other local newspaper
articles from San Francisco Chronicle and SF Weekly were also referenced. TechCrunch
released this article in 2014, which means the article addresses the current ongoing issue.
The information is relevant and has not changed since it was published.

Cutler, Kim-Mai. How Burrowing Owls Lead To Vomiting Anarchists (Or SFs
Housing Crisis Explained). TechCrunch. 14 Apr 2014. Web 18 Apr 2014.
This article address the complex problem of the current housing crisis in San Francisco.
Cutler breaks the problems into twenty pieces and provides an in-depth analysis of the
history of anti-growth culture, current controversial problems such as the Twitter tax
break and Google shuttles, and possible solutions to this issue. Cutler utilizes graphs and
data to explain her argument. Cutler even provides a video of the housing crisis in 1978,
which explains proposition 13 and rent control. Cutler utilizes various sources are varied
includes links to sources mentioned and referenced. Kim-Mai Cutler has written several
articles which relate to the impacts of the technology industry. The information in this
article is current and relevant since the article was published in 2014. Many of the
problems identified are slowly being addressed by the government.

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Ellen, Ingrid Gould, and Katherine M. O'Regan. "How low income neighborhoods
change: Entry, exit, and enhancement." Regional Science and Urban Economics
41.2 (2011): 89-97.
Ingrid Gould Ellen and Katherine M. ORegan are both professors of Urban Policy and
Planning at NYU Wagner. In their article, they examine the demographic changes and
shift of population. The neighborhood's economic status were determinants of changes.
Ellen and ORegan have included housing data from the American Housing Survey and
census tract data from the decennial census. The data represents how low-income
communities are primarily affected. This article also compares the information to
previous models and examines the incomes of people who were displaced to people who
were newly arriving.

Florida, Richard. "The Search for Affordable Housing Is Pushing the Middle Class to the
Exurbs." . The Atlantic Cities, 8 Apr. 2014. Web. 10 Apr. 2014.
Richard Florida is Co-Founder and Editor at Large at The Atlantic Cities. The Atlantic
Cities covers urban issues facing numerous cities, including San Francisco. In this article,
he compares several popular cities such as Chicago, New York, San Francisco, and Los
Angeles Florida utilizes data and maps form Zillow, a real estate research firm. Florida
compares housing prices by geography and class distinction of divided cities. The article
shows how compared to the first technology boom, the middle class is currently facing
housing issues that have not occurred before in history.

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Mcintire, George. "San Franciscos rightward turn: Why it may no longer be Americas
iconic liberal city." Salon. Salon, 16 Feb. 2014. Web. 24 Apr. 2014.
George Mcintire is a freelance journalist and has written articles for the San Francisco
Bay Guardian and Los Angeles Times. This article argues the reasons on why San
Franciscos progressive nature is changing due to gentrification. Mcintire includes
evidence including the history of San Francisco Values, increasing rent prices in the
Mission District, and the defining the middle class as between $80,000 and $150,000.
Mcintire examines how people who created liberal values may no longer afford to live in
San Francisco and the possible inherent harms. The article was written this year and
elaborates on the changing demographics from poor and middle class to rich people is
relevant to the current issue.

Metcalf, Gabriel. "It's Not Too Late to Make San Francisco Affordable Again. Here's
How." The Atlantic CITIES PLACE MATTERS. The Atlantic Cities, 20 Jan 2014.
Web. 10 Apr 2014.
Gabriel Metcalf, the executive director of SPUR, a nonprofit organization that promotes
good planning and good government, asserts that San Franciscos housing crisis is due to
San Franciscos inability to construct sufficient housing to meet the increasing demand.
In his article, Metcalf addresses solutions to the current housing crisis such as protecting
housing units, reinvesting in San Franciscos public housing stock, and increase
subsidized affordable housing. Metcalf focuses on what the government should do in
order to make San Francisco affordable. Metcalf uses sources from SF Gate and the SF
Controller. Metcalfs purpose is to inform his audience of the strategies and legislative
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reforms necessary in order to prevent the housing issue from persisting. Metcalfs plans
of revitalizing the sustainability of San Francisco are an ongoing issue that has been
slowly addressed by the housing office and the Mayor.

Romney, Lee. "Lawmaker seeks to slow San Francisco tenant displacement." Los
Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 24 Feb 2014. Web. 10 Apr 2014.
Lee Romney is a staff writer and reporter for the Los Angeles Times. In his article, he
addresses the flaws of the Ellis Act, which has led to an increase in evictions since the
technology boom. Romney does not provide a lot of background information on the Ellis
Act. Romney references to Mayor Lees officials and State Senator Mark Leno. Even
though this article was written fairly recently, there have been changes and improvements
since this article was written. Mayor Ed Lee has created a program for displaced tenants
who were evidence by the Ellis Act to receive priority affordable housing.
Sankin, Aaron. "Affordable Housing Gap Leaves San Francisco's Neediest In Dire
Straits." The Huffington Post. The Huffington Post , 18 July 2012. Web. 13 Apr.
2012.
Aaron Sankin is an Assistant Editor at Huffington Post San Francisco and his previous
work has appeared in The Onion, The Bold Italic and The San Francisco Bay Guardian.
In his article, Sankin explains how San Francisco is conservative with land use and
examines the increases in rental prices. Sankin uses anecdotes as an example to showcase
the social justice issue and the lack of housing even or Army veterans. There has been a
lack of support while income disparities increase. This article was written in 2012 and is
helps understand the progress of the housing crisis since the issue continues to increase.
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Sankin primarily shows the side of the story of the effects of gentrification among
homeless and underprovided people.

Steinmetz, Katy. "What The Twitter Tax Break Means For San Francisco ." Time. Time
Inc, 28 Feb. 2014. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.
Katy Steinmetz is a TIME reporter based in San Francisco and has written articles about
local problems occurring in San Francisco. Steinmetz includes data of the housing prices
and estimates of the Twitter tax break. Her sources do seem credible since she references
the Securities and Exchange Commission. She also references Mayor Ed Lees
intentions. The article is not bias, and provides information of both sides including those
negatively impacted and the economic benefits of the tax break from the local
government. This article is relevant and includes information of the changing tax
structure for tech companies, which previously had to pay a 1.5 percent tax on their
payroll expenses.