2011 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation

Rev. 1.0.6
February 2011
Features
Programmable Output Voltage to 36 Volts
Low Dynamic Output Impedance 0.2 Typical
Sink Current Capability of 1.0 to 100mA
Equivalent Full-Range Temperature Coefficient of
50ppm/C Typical
Temperature Compensated for Operation Over Full Rated
Operating Temperature Range
Low Output Noise Voltage
Fast Turn-on Response
Description
The LM431SA/LM431SB/LM431SC are three terminal
output adjustable regulators with thermal stability over
operating temperature range. The output voltage can be set
any value between VREF (approximately 2.5 volts) and 36
volts with two external resistors. These devices have a
typical dynamic output impedance of 0.2. Active output
circuit provides a sharp turn-on characteristic, making these
devices excellent replacement for Zener Diodes in many
applications.

SOT-23F
1 2
3
1. Cathode 2. Ref 3. Anode
1. Ref 2. Anode 3. Cathode
1
SOT-89
Internal Block Diagram
+
-
LM431SA/LM431SB/LM431SC
Pr ogr ammabl e Shunt Regul at or
LM431SA/LM431SB/LM431SC
2
Absolute Maximum Ratings
(Operating temperature range applies unless otherwise specified.)
Note:
1. Thermal resistance test board
Size: 76.2mm * 114.3mm * 1.6mm (1S0P)
J EDEC Standard: J ESD51-3, J ESD51-7
2. Assume no ambient airflow.
3. TJ MAX =150

C, Ratings apply to ambient temperature at 25

C
4. Power dissipation calculation: PD =(TJ - TA)/RJ A
Recommended Operating Conditions
Parameter Symbol Value Unit
Cathode Voltage VKA 37 V
Cathode current Range (Continuous) IKA -100 ~+150 mA
Reference Input Current Range IREF -0.05 ~+10 mA
Thermal Resistance J unction-Air (Note1,2)
MF Suffix Package
ML Suffix Package
RJ A 350
220
C/W
Power Dissipation (Note3,4)
MF Suffix Package
ML Suffix Package
PD 350
560
mW
J unction Temperature TJ 150 C
Operating Temperature Range TOPR -25 ~+85 C
Storage Temperature Range TSTG -65 ~+150 C
Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Cathode Voltage VKA VREF - 36 V
Cathode Current IKA 1.0 - 100 mA
LM431SA/LM431SB/LM431SC
3
Electrical Characteristics
(TA =+25C, unless otherwise specified)
Note1
TMIN =-25C, TMAX =+85C
Parameter Symbol Conditions
LM431SA LM431SB LM431SC
Unit
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
Reference
Input Voltage
VREF VKA=VREF, IKA=10mA 2.450 2.500 2.550 2.470 2.495 2.520 2.482 2.495 2.508 V
Deviation of
Reference
Input Voltage
Over-
Temperature
VREF/
T
VKA=VREF, IKA=10mA
TMINTATMAX
- 4.5 17 - 4.5 17 - 4.5 17 mV
Ratio of
Change in
Reference
Input Voltage
to the Change
in Cathode
Voltage
VREF/
VKA
IKA
=10mA
VKA=10V-
VREF
- -1.0 -2.7 - -1.0 -2.7 - -1.0 -2.7
mV/V
VKA=36V-
10V
- -0.5 -2.0 - -0.5 -2.0 - -0.5 -2.0
Reference
Input Current
IREF
IKA=10mA,
R1=10K,R2=
- 1.5 4 - 1.5 4 - 1.5 4 A
Deviation of
Reference
Input Current
Over Full
Temperature
Range
IREF/T
IKA=10mA,
R1=10K,R2=
TA =Full Range
- 0.4 1.2 - 0.4 1.2 - 0.4 1.2 A
Minimum
Cathode
Current for
Regulation
IKA(MIN) VKA=VREF - 0.45 1.0 - 0.45 1.0 - 0.45 1.0 mA
Off -Stage
Cathode
Current
IKA(OFF) VKA=36V, VREF=0 - 0.05 1.0 - 0.05 1.0 - 0.05 1.0 A
Dynamic
Impedance
ZKA
VKA=VREF,
IKA=1 to 100mA ,f 1.0kHz
- 0.15 0.5 - 0.15 0.5 - 0.15 0.5
LM431SA/LM431SB/LM431SC
4
Test Circuits
Figure 1. Test Circuit for VKA=VREF Figure 2. Test Circuit for VKAVREF
LM431S
LM431S
LM431S
Figure 3. Test Circuit for lKA(OFF)
LM431SA/LM431SB/LM431SC
5
Typical Performance Characteristics
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
V
KA
=V
REF
T
A
=25
o
C


IK
, C
a
th
o
d
e
C
u
r
r
e
n
t (
m
A
)
V
KA
, Cathode Voltage (V)
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
0.000
0.025
0.050
0.075
0.100


I
o
ff ,


O
f
f
-
S
t
a
t
e

C
a
t
h
o
d
e

C
u
r
r
e
n
t


(
u
A
)
T
A
, Ambient Temperature (
o
C)
1k 10k 100k 1M 10M
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60


T
A
=25
o
C
I
KA
=10mA
O
p
e
n
L
o
o
p
V
o
lta
g
e
G
a
in
(
d
B
)
Frequency (Hz)
-1 0 1 2 3
-200
0
200
400
600
800

I
KA(MIN)
V
KA
=V
REF
T
A
=25
o
C
IK
A
, C
A
T
H
O
D
E
C
U
R
R
E
N
T
(u
A
)
V
KA
, CATHODE VOLTAGE (V)
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5


I
re
f ,


R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e

I
n
p
u
t

C
u
r
r
e
n
t

(
u
A
)
T
A
, Ambient Temperature (
o
C)
0 4 8 12 16 20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6

T
A
=25
o
C
OUTPUT
INPUT
V
o
lta
g
e
S
w
in
g
(
V
)
Time (us)
Figure 4. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage Figure 5. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage
Figure 6. OFF-State Cathode Current vs.
Ambient Temperature
Figure7. Reference Input Current vs.
Ambient Temperature
Figure 8. Small Signal Voltage Amplification vs. Frequency Figure 9. Pulse Response
LM431SA/LM431SB/LM431SC
6
Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
Figure 10. Stability Boundary Conditions
Figure 11. Anode-Reference Diode Curve
Figure 12. Reference-Cathode Diode Curve
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
0
1
2
3
4
5

C
u
r
r
e
n
t
(
m
A
)
Anode-Ref. Voltage(V)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
0
1
2
3
4
5

C
u
r
r
e
n
t
(
m
A
)
Ref.-Cathode Voltage(V)
100p 1n 10n 100n 1 10
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
B
A
A V
KA
= Vref
B V
KA
= 5.0 V @ I
K
= 10
mA
T
A
= 25
o
C
I
K
,

C
A
T
H
O
D
E

C
U
R
R
E
N
T
(
m
A
)
C
L
, LOAD CAPACITANCE
stable stable
LM431SA/LM431SB/LM431SC
7
Typical Application
V
O
1
R
1
R
2
------- +


V
ref
=
LM431S
V
O
V
ref
1
R
1
R
2
------- +


=
LM431S
LM7805/MC7805
V
O
1
R
1
R
2
------- +


V
ref
=
LM431S
LM431S
LM431S
Figure 13. Shunt Regulator
Figure 14. Output Control for
- Three-Termianl Fixed Regulator
Figure 15. High Current Shunt Regulator
Figure 16. Current Limit or Current Source
Figure 17. Constant-Current Sink
LM431SA/LM431SB/LM431SC
8
Mechanical Dimensions
Package
Dimensions in millimeters
Marking
SOT-23F
43A
43B
43C
2% tolerance 1% tolerance 0.5% tolerance
LM431SA/LM431SB/LM431SC
9
Mechanical Dimensions (Continued)
Package
Dimensions in millimeters
Marking
SOT-89
0.40 0.10
2
.
5
0

0
.
2
0
(
0
.
5
0
)
(0.40)
4
.
1
0

0
.
2
0
0.40
+0.10
0.05
0.50 0.10
1.65 0.10
4.50 0.20 1.50 0.20
C0.2
1.50 TYP 1.50 TYP
(
1
.
1
0
)
43A
2% tolerance 1% tolerance
0.5% tolerance
43B 43C
LM431SA/LM431SB/LM431SC
10
Ordering Information
Product Number Output Voltage Tolerance Package Operating Temperature
LM431SCCML
0.5%
SOT-89
-25 ~+85C
LM431SCCMF SOT-23F
LM431SBCML
1%
SOT-89
LM431SBCMF SOT-23F
LM431SACML
2%
SOT-89
LM431SACMF SOT-23F
LM431SA/LM431SB/LM431SC
2/22/11 0.0m 001
Stock#DS400507
2011 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation
www.fairchildsemi.com
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IMPROVE RELIABILITY, FUNCTION OR DESIGN. FAIRCHILD DOES NOT ASSUME ANY LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THE APPLICATION OR USE
OF ANY PRODUCT OR CIRCUIT DESCRIBED HEREIN;NEITHER DOES IT CONVEY ANY LICENSE UNDER ITS PATENT RIGHTS, NOR THE
RIGHTS OF OTHERS. THESE SPECIFICATIONS DO NOT EXPAND THE TERMS OF FAIRCHILDS WORLDWIDE TERMS AND CONDITIONS, SPE-
CIFICALLY THE WARRANTY THEREIN, WHICH COVERS THESE PRODUCTS.
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THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION.
As used herein:
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2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system
whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure
of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
PRODUCT STATUS DEFINITIONS
Definition of Terms
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product development. Specifications may change in
any manner without notice.
Preliminary First Production This datasheet contains preliminary data, and
supplementary data will be published at a later date.
Fairchild Semiconductor reserves the right to make
changes at any time without notice in order to improve
design.
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