BSSDIM

Radio Channel Configurations

Training Document
BSSPAR
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The ino!"a#ion in #hi$ %o&'"en# i$ $'(je&# #o &han)e *i#ho'# no#i&e an% %e$&!i(e$ on+y #he
,!o%'&# %eine% in #he in#!o%'&#ion o #hi$ %o&'"en#a#ion. Thi$ %o&'"en# i$ in#en%e% o! #he
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"ean$ *i#ho'# #he ,!io! *!i##en ,e!"i$$ion o Nokia Ne#*o!k$. The %o&'"en# ha$ (een
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O#he! ,!o%'&# na"e$ "en#ione% in #hi$ %o&'"en# "ay (e #!a%e"a!k$ o #hei! !e$,e&#ive
&o",anie$. an% #hey a!e "en#ione% o! i%en#ii&a#ion ,'!,o$e$ on+y.
:o,y!i)h# Nokia Oyj 2006. A++ !i)h#$ !e$e!ve%.
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Contents
1 Module Objecties!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
# $SM Air Interface!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!%
& 'ogical Channels!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(
" Channel Configuration!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1)
4.1 Si)na++in) :hanne+ :oni)'!a#ion.......................................................11
4.1.1 :o"(ine% :hanne+ S#!'&#'!e o! B::/@S9::/ ...........................11
4.1.2 Se,a!a#e% :hanne+ S#!'&#'!e B::/ A S9::/@B ..........................12
4.1.3 /y(!i% :hanne+ S#!'&#'!e B::/ A S9::/@4 A S9::/@B ............13
4.2 T!ai& :hanne+ :oni)'!a#ion............................................................14
% Channel Parameters!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1%
C.1 Pa)in) :hanne+ (P:/) Pa!a"e#e!$...................................................1C
C.2 A&&e$$ =!an# :hanne+ (A=:/) Pa!a"e#e!$ .....................................1D
C.3 Ran%o" A&&e$$ :hanne+ (RA:/) Pa!a"e#e!$.................................1D
C.4 :::/@PB::/ Pa!a"e#e!$...............................................................1B
C.C =PRS Non-9RE <o%e On :::/. 9RE-Ti"e!-<a1 3n BS: ............19
* Ca+acit, -SDCC./ PC./ A$C.0!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#)
( D,namic SDCC. Allocation !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#%
1 CCC. Im+roements!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#(
2 3e, 'earning Points!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#1
1) Reie4 5uestions !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!&)
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1 Module Objecties
At the end of the module, the participant will be able to:
Discuss the function of Paging Channel (PCH), Random Access Channel
(RACH), and Access Grant Channel (AGCH)
tate the purpose of the following ! parameters:
noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging (MFR)(BTS)(2..9)
maxNumberOfRetransmission (RT)(BTS)(!" 2" # or $)
numberOfSlotsS%rea&Trans (S'O)(BTS)((..!2" !#" !)" 2*" 2+" (2" +*)
newstab,ausesSu%%ort (N,-)(BTS)(.es/No) and
numberOfBlo01sFor200ess3rant -A$0-BTS0-*..$)(!..$)(*..2)(!)
"ist the wa#s in which Ph#sical channels $% and $& can be used b# logical
channels for signalling purposes
'(plain the need for D#namic DCCH allocation
)ame two mechanisms a*ailable for CCCH usage impro*ements
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# $SM Air Interface
G+ is based on $ime Di*ision +ultiple Access ($D+A) technolog#, which
means that channels are separated from each other b# time, $his means that in
radio path between the antennas of a +obile tation (+) and a !ase tation
(!$), e*er# channel has a specific time on each fre-uenc# during which it can
act, $he basic di*ision is that one fre-uenc# is di*ided into eight $ime lots or
!ursts and each of these !ursts is an indi*idual channel, +ore precisel#, each
fre-uenc# has eight channels, either traffic channels or signalling channels,
$hese eight channels ha*e their own .time slots. related to the time for
transmitting or recei*ing data, $herefore, e*er# channel has a /right/ to act e*er#
eighth time slot,
'ach burst lasts %,011 ms (e(actl# &0234 ms) and thus eight bursts last 5,4&0
ms, $here are a couple of different 6inds of bursts for different purposes, $he
contents of the burst can *ar#, but the time duration of each burst is alwa#s the
same, $he structure of the eight bursts is called $D+A frame and the duration
of a $D+A frame is called the !urst Period, $he $D+A frame is the smallest
and the basic unit of a $D+A frame structure,
0 7
TDMA frame = 4.615 ms
= BURST PERIOD
0
0 0
f s
8i)'!e 1. B'!$# Pe!io%
$he whole $D+A structure is based on $D+A frames, which are placed
continuousl# after each other/s as in 7igure 3,
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Time Slots an& Frames
* ! 2
2# 2+
* ! 2 #9 +*
* $
H#perframe 8 3%59 uperframes
uperframe 8 34(0& or 0&(34 +ultiframes
34 +ultiframe 8 &3% ms
0& +ultiframe 8 3:0 ms
$D+A frame 8 5,4&0 ms
8i)'!e 2. T9<A !a"e $#!'&#'!e
As we can see, the $D+A frame is c#clicall# repeating itself time after time,
)ow, other higher;le*el frames are needed for the G+ channel structure, <n
7igure 3, two different 6inds of superframes can be seen, repeated time after
time: the 34 ( 0& uperframe and the 0& ( 34 uperframe, $hese uperframes
ha*e been used so that the 0& ( 34 uperframe is used for time slots with traffic
channel configuration, and 34 ( 0& uperframe is used for time slots with
signalling channel configuration, 7inall#, these uperframes are repeated so that
the result is a H#perframe, which is the highest le*el of the frames in the G+,
As mentioned abo*e, there are two main t#pes of channels: traffic channels and
signalling channels, $raffic channels are used for sending data such as speech or
data ser*ice fa(, etc, and signalling channels are used for negotiations between
a +obile tation and the )etwor6, in order to handle the management of the
networ6, A +obile tation and the )etwor6 are sending different 6inds of
messages between each other through signalling channels,
$he other di*ision between channels is between full rate and half rate, <n a full
rate channel, speech has been coded at a rate of &: 6bit2s, and in half rate,
around 1 6bit2s, <n both rates, data can be sent at the rate of :,4 or 4,% 6bit2s and
in full rate also &3 6bit2s, <n the whole material, the full rate will be discussed,
but if needed, also half rate has been mentioned, All these channels (traffic and
signalling, full and half rate) ha*e a common name: "ogical channels,
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& 'ogical Channels
=uite a lot of information is sent between a +obile tation and a !ase tation,
hence different 6inds of signalling channels are needed to fulfil all these needs,
<n the G+ standard, the concept of a logical channel is used for different
signalling channels that ma# be transmitted on the same ph#sical channel,
which is usuall# $ime lot % and2or & in e*er# $D+A 7rame,
$here are twel*e different t#pes of "ogical Channels, which are mapped into
Ph#sical Channels in the radio path, "ogical channels comprise of ,ommon
,4annels and 5e&i0ate& ,4annels, Common Channels are those that are used
for broadcasting different information to mobile stations and setting up of
signalling channels between the +C2>"R and the mobile station, Common
control channels are di*ided into !roadcast Channels (!CH) and Common
Control Channels (CCCH),
Traffi0 04annels are also Dedicated Channels as each channel is dedicated to
onl# one user to carr# speech or data,
8i)'!e 3. =S< 4o)i&a+ :hanne+$
Broadcast Channels
!ase tations can use se*eral $R?s but there is alwa#s onl# one $R?, which
can carr# Common Channels, !roadcast channels are downlin6 point;to;
multipoint channels, $he# contain general information about the networ6 and
the broadcasting cell, $here are three t#pes of broadcast channels:
!. Fre6uen07 ,orre0tion ,4annel (F,,8)
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COMMO6
C.A667'S
COMMO6
C.A667'S
BROADCAST
C.A667'S
BROADCAST
C.A667'S
COMMO6
CO6TRO'
C.A667'S
COMMO6
CO6TRO'
C.A667'S
D7DICAT7D
CO6TRO'
C.A667'S
D7DICAT7D
CO6TRO'
C.A667'S
TRA88IC
C.A667'S
TRA88IC
C.A667'S
8CC.
8CC.
SC.
SC.
BCC.
BCC.
SDCC.
SDCC.
SACC.
SACC.
8ACC.
8ACC.
PC.
PC.
RAC.
RAC.
A$C.
A$C.
TC.98
TC.98
TC.9.
TC.9.
TC.978R
TC.978R
D7DICAT7D
C.A667'S
D7DICAT7D
C.A667'S
'O$ICA'
C.A667'S
'O$ICA'
C.A667'S
BSSPAR
7CCH bursts acts li6e a flag for the +, which enables them to find the $R?
that contains the broadcast transmission, $he + scans for this signal after it
has been switched on since it has no information as to which fre-uenc# to use,
2. S7n04ronisation ,4annel (S,8)
$he CH contains the !ase tation <dentit# Code (!<C) and a reduced $D+A
frame number, $he !<C is needed to identif# that the fre-uenc# strength being
measured b# the mobile station is coming from a particular base station, <n
some cases, a distant base station broadcasting the same fre-uenc# can also be
detected b# the mobile station, $he $D+A frame number is re-uired for speech
encr#ption purpose,
(. Broa&0ast ,ontrol ,4annel (B,,8)
$he !CCH contains detailed networ6 and cell specific information such as:
Fre6uen0ies used in the particular cell and neighbouring cells,
Fre6uen07 4o%%ing se6uen0e, $his is designed to reduce the negati*e
effects of the air interface, which sometimes results in the loss of
information transmitted, $he mobile station ma# transmit information on
different fre-uencies within one cell, $he order in which the mobile
station should change the fre-uencies is called the .fre-uenc# hopping
se-uence., Howe*er, implementing 7re-uenc# Hopping in a cell is
optional,
,4annel 0ombination, As we mentioned pre*iousl#, there are twel*e
logical channels, All the logical channels e(cept $raffic Channels are
mapped into $imeslot % or $imeslot & of the broadcasting $R?, Channel
combination informs the mobile station about the mapping method used
in the particular cell,
Paging grou%s, )ormall# in one cell, there is more than one paging
channel (described later), $o pre*ent a mobile from listening to all the
paging channels for a paging message, the paging channels are di*ided in
such a wa# that onl# a group of mobile stations listen to a particular
paging channel, $hese are referred to as paging groups,
-nformation on surroun&ing 0ells, A mobile station has to 6now what
are the cells surrounding the present cell and what fre-uencies are being
broadcast on them, $his is necessar# if, for e(ample, the user initiates a
con*ersation in the current cell, and then decides to mo*e on, $he mobile
station has to measure the signal strength and -ualit# of the surrounding
cells and report this information to the base station controller,
Common Control Channels
Common Control Channels comprise the second set of logical channels, $he#
are used to set up a %oint9to9%oint 0onne0tion, $here are three t#pes of
common control channels:
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!. Paging ,4annel (P,8)
$he PCH is a downlin6 channel, which is broadcast b# all the !$s of a
"ocation Area in the case of a mobile terminated call,
2. Ran&om 200ess ,4annel (R2,8)
$he RACH is the onl# uplin6 and the first point;to;point channel in the
common control channels, <t is used b# the mobile station in order to initiate a
transaction, or as a res%onse to a PCH,
(. 200ess 3rant ,4annel (23,8)
$he AGCH is the answer to the RACH, <t is used to assign a mobile a Stan&9
alone 5e&i0ate& ,ontrol ,4annel (S5,,8), <t is a downlin6, point;to;point
channel,
Dedicated Control Channels
Dedicated Control Channels compose the third group of channels, Again, there
are three dedicated channels, $he# are used for 0all set9u%" sen&ing
measurement re%orts an& 4an&o:er. $he# are all bi;directional and point;to;
point channels, $here are three dedicated control channels:
!. Stan& 2lone 5e&i0ate& ,ontrol ,4annel (S5,,8)
$he DCCH is used for s#stem signalling: call set;up, authentication, location
update, and assignment of traffic channels and transmission of short messages,
2. Slow 2sso0iate& ,ontrol ,4annel (S2,,8)
An ACCH is associated with each DCCH and $raffic Channel ($CH), <t
transmits measurement re%orts and is also used for %ower 0ontrol, time
alignment and in some cases to transmit short messages,
(. Fast 2sso0iate& ,ontrol ,4annel (F2,,8)
$he 7ACCH is used when a 4an&o:er is re-uired, <t is mapped onto a $CH,
and it replaces 3% ms of speech and therefore it is said to wor6 in .frame
stealing. mode,
Traffic Channels -TC.0
$raffic Channels are logical channels that transfer user speech or data, which
can be either in the form of 8alf Rate traffi0 (4,0 6bits2s) or Full Rate traffi0
(&: 6bits2s), Another form of traffic channel is the n4an0e& Full Rate (FR)
$raffic Channel, $he speech coding in '7R is done at &3,3 6bits2s, and the
coding mechanism is different to that used for normal full rate traffic, '7R
coding gi*es better speech -ualit# at about the same bit rate as normal full rate,
$raffic channels can transmit both speech and data and are bi;directional
channels,
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" Channel Configuration
$imeslots % and & in each $R? are usuall# needed for the use of signalling
channels, 7or capacit# reasons, there are two main configurations for these
channels,
0 7
Non-combined Configuration
Combined Configuration
0 7
ts0=bch !ch a"ch ts1=s#cch$
ts0=bch s#cch4 !ch a"ch
1
8i)'!e 4. :o"(ine% v$. Non-&o"(ine% &oni)'!a#ion
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"!1 Signalling Channel Configuration
"!1!1 Combined Channel Structure for BCC.9SDCC.
$his channel structure is used when there are up to a ma(imum of 3 $R?s per
cell as shown in 7igure 0, !CCH, CCCH2: and DCCH25 are transmitted in the
same timeslot $% in both directions (uplin6, downlin6),
f s b b b b c f c f c s c c c c c c c c f c f s t t t t t t t t f f t t t t t t t t f s f s s s s s s s s s
t t t t r r s f s s s s s s r r r r r r r s f r r r r r r r r r r f r r r r t r t t t r f t t t r t r t t t
Downlink
Uplink
CHANNELS f = CCH b = !CCH r = "ACH i=idle
s = SCH#SACCH c = CCCH t = SDCCH#$
%& 'D(A frames = )*% ms
t
+ %+
&, ), *, $,
i
8i)'!e C. :o"(ine% B::/ an% S9::/@4 &hanne+ $#!'&#'!e
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"!1!# Se+arated Channel Structure BCC. : SDCC.91
<n this configuration, $% is used to carr# !CCH and CCCH2@, and $& is used
for all DCCH29s in the uplin6 and downlin6 directions as shown in 7igure 4
and 7igure 1, $his configuration re-uires :;5 $R?s2Cell,
f s b b bb c f c f c s c c c c c c c c f c f s c c c c c c c c f f c c c c c c c c f s f c c c c c c c c s
r r r r r r r f r r r r r r r r r r r r r r f r r r r r r r r r r f r r r r r r r r r r f r r r r r r r r r
Downlink
Uplink
CHANNELS f = CCH b = !CCH r = "ACH i=idle
s = SCH c = CCCH = -CH#A.CH
%& 'D(A frames = )*% ms
r
+
%+
i
8i)'!e 6. B::/@:::/ "'+#i!a"e
t t t t t t t f t t t t t t t t t t t t t t f t t t t t t t t t t f s s s s s s s s s f s s s s s s
s s s s s s s f s s s s t t t t t t s f t t t t t t t t t t f t t t t t t t t t t f t t t t t t t t t
Downlink
Uplink
CHANNELS t = SDCCH#/ s = SACCH#/ i=idle
t
t
%& 'D(A frames = )*% ms
s
&, ), *, %, 0, 1, /, $,
+
%+
i i i
i i i
8i)'!e D. S9::/@B <'+#i!a"e
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"!1!& .,brid Channel Structure BCC. : SDCC.9" : SDCC.91
$his configuration re-uires :;5 $R?s per cell and uses a combination of the
configurations shown in 7igure 0 and 7igure 1, $% is used for !CCH, CCCH2:
and DCCH25 (uplin6, downlin6) and $& is used for DCCH29 (uplin6,
downlin6),
$his configuration gi*es more DCCH capacit# for call set;ups and location
updates but less for paging and channel assignment (access grant AGCH),
<n general, &;3 time slots are needed for signalling, 7inall#, the signalling
capacit# and the need of signalling channels depends on paging (PCH) and the
need of DCCH, '(amples of these channel capacities are presented later,
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"!# Traffic Channel Configuration
$raffic channels use the 0& ( 34 uperframe, which means that the structure of
the 34;frame +ultiframe is alwa#s the same as in 7igure 9,
t t t t t t t f t t t t t t t t t t t f t t t t t
Downlink and Uplink
CHANNELS t = 'CH s = SACCH i=idle
t s
)0 'D(A frames = &)+ ms
+
)%
i
8i)'!e B. 8'++ Ra#e T!ai& :hanne+ (T:/) &oni)'!a#ion
Downlink and Uplink
CHANNELS t = 'CH s = SACCH i=idle
)0 'D(A frames = &)+ ms
+
)%
Downlink and Uplink
CHANNELS t = 'CH s = SACCH i=idle
)0 'D(A frames = &)+ ms
+
)%
t t t t t t t t t t t t
t t t t t t t t t t t t
s i
8i)'!e 9. /a+ Ra#e T!ai& :hanne+ (T:/) <'+#i!a"e
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% Channel Parameters
Common Control Channels (CCCH) can be configured with different
parameters, $he parameters are directl# related to PCH, AGCH, 7ACCH and
RACH,
%!1 Paging Channel -PC.0 Parameters
Paging is performed when an incoming call or short message is directed to an
+, $he +C sends a paging -uer# to all the !Cs inside the location area
where the + is registered, $he paging message contains the subscriber identit#
(<+<2$+< number), $he mobile recognises an incoming call or short message
b# this number, $here are counters in the >"R for both successful and failed
paging messages, which can be read b# traffic measurements,
Parameter noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging (MFR)(BTS)(2..9) tells how
often paging messages are sent to +obile tations, $here is a direct influence
on the batter# sa*ing of a +obile tation, $he +obile tation will onl# need to
listen the paging sub;group it belongs to (Discontinuous Reception, DR?),
which will ma6e the mobile spend less power, Howe*er, this ma6es the call
assignment time longer,
% Pa"&'" messa"es se't (' P)* +h&ch MS c('t&',a--. -&ste's t( /TS00 (' B))*
TR12
% 0&m&te# t( "e("ra!h&ca- s,b3"r(,! (f BS)s ,s&'" 0A)s
% Pa"&'" s,b3"r(,!s are ,se# t( sa4e MS batter.3-&fe s&'ce MS ('-. 'ee#s t( -&ste' t(
&ts (+' s,b3cha''e- a'# '(t e't&re P)*
% MS ca' be !a"e# ,s&'" IMSI (r TMSI /#eterm&'es ',mber (f MSs that ca' be
!a"e# !er messa"e /IMSI = 5 MSs 6 '(S2 = $ (Ss2
% S!-&t bet+ee' P)* a'# A7)* #eterm&'e# b. numberOfBlocksForAccessGrant
a'# the t.!e (f cha''e- c('f&",rat&(' ,se# /&.e. c(mb&'e# (r '('3c(mb&'e#2
!locks for -CH 3 A.CH
No, !locks "es A.CH
No, !locks "es -CH
Combined
Non
Combined
8
9
035 037
831 935
% P)* ca' be ,se# f(r A7)* &f
'( !a"&'" messa"es are t( be
se't: b,t A7)* ca' '(t be
,se# f(r P)*
% Three t.!es (f !a"&'"
messa"es /t.!e 1: ) a'# 82
#e!e'#&'" (' '(. (f MSs !a"e#
8i)'!e 10. Pa)in) P!o&e%'!e
$he mobile unit listens for a possible incoming paging message once e*er#
noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging (MFR)(BTS). $he range of *alues for this
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parameter is between 3 (i,e, e*er# %,51 seconds) and ma(imum of @ (i,e, e*er#
3,& seconds), $his means that if on a*erage it ta6es 3 paging messages to page a
mobile station, itAll ta6e from & to 5 seconds for the transaction to be completed,
'(perimental results from li*e networ6s show that more than : paging attempts
are usuall# unnecessar# to ensure that the paging message reaches the +,
$hus, the paging messages are sent se*eral times, $he repetition procedure is
defined using the +C parameters:
Re%aging -nter:al (-NT)(MS,)(+*..!**): $ime between paging
attempts and
Re%aging 2ttem%ts (2T)(MS,)(*..+),
$he parameters are defined in a per location area basis, $he re%aging;internal
must be configured so that there is enough time between consecuti*e paging
messages, $his is to a*oid o*erlap of messages that are sent o*er the same
channel in the air interface (paging bloc6), A*erage page time information for a
certain cell can be collected in the traffic measurement report (in the +C),
During the paging and call establishment procedure, if no DCCH channels are
a*ailable, the !C will command the + to sta# in the idle state for a certain
period (wait indication), During that time the + will not send an# channel
re-uest message or answer to an# paging messages, $he parameters should be
defined so that no repaging attempts are lost during this period (i,e, the repaging
inter*al in the +C should a few seconds longer than the wait indication time
in the !C),
% 4ne !lock "eser5ed for A.CH =6 ) !locks for -CH
% -aged (S per -aging7"e8uest (essage 9 rom ) to $
:a5erage *;
% A5erage ) -ages per (S
% * -ages#!locks < ) !locks = 0 -ages e5er= %&-frame
(ultiframe : )*% ms, ;
% ) -ages #-aged (S =6 * -aged (S e5er= )*% ms,
% : : *0++ < &+++ ; #)*% ; < * = $%,>%1 -aged (S per Hour,
% 2n t?e worst case all 'ransactions are (obile 'erminating
% All Cells in Location Area get t?e same -CH Load
% Capacit=
% @it? one '"A )B>% Erl,
% )% mErl, #subs, =6 &)+ subscribers
BTS MS
Pa"&'";Re<,est
BTS 8MS
5 Pa"&'";Re<,est
)a!ac&t. (f P)* ca-c,-ate# f(r a 0(cat&(' Area
8i)'!e 11. Pa)in) :a,a&i#y 51a",+e
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%!# Access $rant Channel -A$C.0 Parameters
numberOfBlo01sFor200ess3rant -A$0-BTS0-*..$) is a parameter for
reser*ing the number of CCCH bloc6s for AGCH (7igure &3), CCCH bloc6s
are used either for PCH or for AGCH,
CHANNELS f = CCH b = !CCH t = SDCCH#$
s = SCH#SACCH c = CCCH = -CH#A.CH
f s b b b b c f c f c s c c c c c c c c f c f s t t t t t t t t f f t t t t t t t t f s f s s s s s s s s s
& ) *
f s b b b b c f c f c s c c c c c c c c f c f s c c c c c c c c f f c c c c c c c c f s f c c c c c c c c s
!CCH#CCCH
%& 'D(A frames = )*% ms
& ) * $ % 0 1 / >
!CCH#SDCCH#$
8i)'!e 12. Non-:o"(ine% an% :o"(ine% <'+#i!a"e$
%!& Random Access Channel -RAC.0 Parameters
$he configuration of RACH ta6es two parametersB
maxNumberOfRetransmission (RT)(BTS)(!" 2" # or $) and
numberOfSlotsS%rea&Trans (S'O)(BTS)((..!2" !#" !)" 2*" 2+" (2" +*),
numberOfSlotsS%rea&Trans (S'O)(BTS) describes a window during which
an + tries to send random access to a !ase tation,
maxNumberOfRetransmission (RT)(BTS)(!" 2" # or $) describes the
ma(imum number of RACH retransmissions the + can send to the !ase
tation, <f maxNumberOfRetransmission (RT)(BTS) is set to .3., the +
will tr# a first time to send the message within the window defined within a first
0&;$D+A RACH multiframe, <f no repl# comes from the networ6, the + will
tr# a second time, or as man# times as needed until the ma(imum as specified in
the parameter maxNumberOfRetransmission (RT)(BTS)" within a window
of another 0&;$D+A RACH multiframe,
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=,mber (f retra'sm&ss&(' = maCNumber"etransmission /1: 5: 4: 72
+&'#(+ = number4fSlotsSpread'rans /8 ... 15: 14: 16: 50: 55: 85: 502
0 0
1 RA)* /Re2tra'sm&ss&(' #,r&'" the +&'#(+
=> T(ta- t&me f(r RA)* = maCNumber"etransmission ? number4fSLotsSpread'rans @...
TDMA3frames
8i)'!e 13. RA:/ :on#!o++in)
All the abo*e mentioned parameters belong to the G+ phase &, <n G+
Phase 3, newstab,ausesSu%%ort (N,-)(BTS)(.es/No)(N) and
(PF)(RF)(F)(OF) are used to indicate the possibilit# to use 7ACCH in
call assignment procedure,
%!" CCC.9PBCC. Parameters
Common Control Channel capacities are configured as follows:
,,,8 ,onfiguration <
% Pa"es a-+a.s ,se# t( ha4e !r&(r&t. &' )))* b-(cAs '( matter +hat the
number4f!locksorAccess.rant sett&'" +as.
% =(+: &f number4f!locksorAccess.rant =0 the' A7)* messa"es +(,-#
ha4e !r&(r&t. (4er P)* messa"es.
% If number4f!locksorAccess.rant B> 0 the' P)* messa"es +(,-# ha4e
!r&(r&t. (4er A7)* messa"es .
Th,s ca!ac&t. ca' be #.'am&ca--. share# bet+ee' P)* a'# A7)* =>
better thr(,"h!,t f(r P)* es!ec&a--. f(r c(mb&'e#3B))*
8i)'!e 14. numberOfBloc;s8orAccess$rant Pa!a"e#e!
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% C (f 51 TDMA frame m,-t&frames /5..92 bet+ee' tra'sm&ss&('s (f Pa"&'";Re<,est
messa"es t( m(b&-es (f the same !a"&'" "r(,!.
Dof paging groups = /C (f )))* b-(cAs3 numberOfBlocksForAccessGrant 2?

noOMultiframesBetweenPaging
Pa"e "r(,! e4er. /5 ... 92 ? 585 ms = 0.47 ... 5.115 s
% M(b&-e Stat&(' ca-c,-ates &ts Pa"&'" 7r(,! base# (' IMSI a'# (' the =,mber (f
Pa"&'" 7r(,!s.
% Affects (f the C (f the Pa"&'" 7r(,!s
% Batter. )('s,m!t&(' (f the M(b&-e Stat&('
% S!ee# (f )a-- Set,!s
8i)'!e 1C. N'"(e! o <'+#i!a"e$ (e#*een ,a)in)
$he P!CCH feature brings dedicated CCCH capacit# for (')GPR ser*ices and
is described in a separate module called !PAR: GPR and 'GPR ('DG'),
%!% $PRS 6on<DR= Mode On CCC./ DR=<Timer<Ma>
In BSC
$his feature is described in a separate module called !PAR: GPR and
'GPR ('DG'),
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* Ca+acit, -SDCC./ PC./ A$C.0
ignalling capacit# depends mostl# on the paging channel (PCH) capacit# and
on the DCCH capacit#, !oth capacities can be calculated *er# easil#, !ased
on these calculations, the final channel configuration (combined
!CCH2DCCH or separated !CCH and DCCH) can be chosen,
Paging capacit# is related to the number of paging groups, which depends on
the frame and channel structure and the following parameters:
noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging (MFR)(BTS)(2..9) and
numberOfBlo01sFor200ess3rant (23)(BTS)(*..$)
Paging capacit# also gi*es a *er# good *iew of the siCe of location areas,
because pages (from !$ to +) are sent o*er the whole location area e*er#
time, '(amples of the capacities of both t#pes of channel will clarif# the
situation:
'(ample of Capacit# Computation for DCCH
Consider 3 $R?s per Cell each carr#ing @,%& 'rlangs per Cell with 3D bloc6ing
probabilit#, Assuming that the call duration is &,0 min during !H, DCCH is
used for location updates once in 4% min and call assignment (1 sec2call
including ciphering and authentication), $here is a traffic densit# of 30 m'rl per
subscriber, which translates to :4% subscribers per cell,
xam%le ! 9 ,all stablis4ment = 'o0ation >%&ates in0lu&e&
,all stablis4ment
3 $R?s 2 Cell E 9,&& 'rl 2 Cell (&D !loc6ing probabilit#)
&,0 min 2 ubs 2 !H 8 30 m'rl, 2 ubs
9,&& 'rl 2 Cell 230 m'rl, 2 ubs 8 :30 ubs 2 Cell
Authentication and Ciphering 8 1 sec 8 &,@5 m'rl 2 Call (DCCH
reser*ation time)
8F :30 Calls 2 Cell G &,@5 m'rl 2 Call 8 %,4:%0 'rl 2 Cell (DCCH)
'o0ation >%&ate
"ocation Hpdates once in 4% minutes ; set b# the parameter
timerPerio&i0>%&ateMS
:30 ubs 2 Cell
DCCH reser*ation time for "ocation Hpdate 8 1 sec 8 &,@5 m'rl
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8F :30 Calls 2 Cell G &,@5 m'rl 2 Call 8 %,4:%0 'rl 2 Cell (DCCH)
,all stablis4ment an& 'o0ation >%&ate toget4er
%,4:3 'rl I %,4:3 'rl 8 &,34& 'rl 2 Cell
Jith &D !loc6ing Probabilit# ('rlang ! table) 8F 0 DCCH 2 Cell
Combined !CCH2DCCH channel structure is not possible in this caseK
eparate Configuration (& !CCH2CCCH and & DCCH29) is neededK
Call establishment time
DCCH reser*ation time 1 sec 2 :4%% sec 8 &,@5 m'rl 2call
8F :4% calls2cell G&,@5 m'rl2call 8 %,4@@ 'rl2Cell (DCCH)
"ocation update
"ocation update once in 4% minutes
8F :4% calls2cell G&,@5 m'rl2call 8 %,4@@ 'rl2Cell (DCCH)
8F )eeded DCCH capacit# %,4@@ 'rl2Cell I %,4@@ 'rl2Cell 8 &,:@9 'rl2Cell
(DCCH)
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,4s !? 2? (? +? ,4s !? 2? (? +?
! %,%& %, %3 %,%: %, %0 2! &3,9% &5,%% &5, @% &4,3%
2 %,&0 %, 33 %,39 %, :9 22 &:,1% &5,@% &0, 9% &1,&%
( %,54 %, 4% %,13 %, @% 2( &5,0% &0,9% &4, 1% &9,&%
# %,91 &, %@ &,34 &, 03 2# &0,:% &4,4% &1, 4% &@,%%
+ &,:4 &, 44 &,99 3, 33 2+ &4,&% &1,0% &9, 0% 3%,%%
) &,@& 3, 39 3,05 3, @4 2) &1,%% &9,5% &@, 5% 3%,@%
$ 3,0% 3, @5 :,30 :, 10 2$ &1,9% &@,:% 3%, :% 3&,@%
@ :,&: :, 4: :,@@ 5, 05 2@ &9,4% 3%,3% 3&, 3% 33,@%
9 :,19 5, :5 5,10 0, :1 29 &@,0% 3&,%% 33, &% 3:,9%
!* 5,54 0, %9 0,0: 4, 33 (* 3%,:% 3&,@% 3:, &% 35,9%
!! 0,&4 0, 95 4,:: 1, %9 (! 3&,3% 33,9% 35, %% 30,9%
!2 0,99 4, 4& 1,&5 1, @0 (2 33,%% 3:,1% 35, @% 34,1%
!( 4,4& 1, 5% 1,@1 9, 9: (( 33,@% 35,4% 30, 9% 31,1%
!# 1,:0 9, 3% 9,9% @, 1: (# 3:,9% 30,0% 34, 9% 39,1%
!+ 9,&& @, %& @,40 &%, 4% (+ 35,4% 34,5% 31, 1% 3@,1%
!) 9,99 @, 9: &%,0% &&, 0% () 30,0% 31,:% 39, 4% :%,1%
!$ @,40 &%, 1% &&,5% &3, 0% ($ 34,5% 39,:% 3@, 4% :&,4%
!@ &%,5% &&, 0% &3,3% &:, 5% (@ 31,:% 3@,3% :%, 0% :3,4%
!9 &&,3% &3, :% &:,&% &5, :% (9 39,&% :%,&% :&, 0% ::,4%
2* &3,%% &:, 3% &5,%% &0, 3% #* 3@,%% :&,%% :3, 5% :5,4%
SD
)ha''e-s
8i)'!e 16. 5!+an)-B Ta(+e
$ransformation to channels b# using 'rlang;! table:
!loc6ing probabilit# &D (usuall# set below &D, for e(ample %,3D)
8 4 DCCHs
<n this case, result shows that it is not possible to use combined channel
structure up to 3 $R?s2Cell, Howe*er, if the location update is done onl# once
in si( hours then the needed DCCH capacit# is %,9&4 'rl2Cell, Jhen the
bloc6ing probabilit# for DCCH is &D, there is needed 5 DCCHs2cell, $his
time the combined channel structure would be possible, but we ha*e to
remember to ta6e into consideration also the capacit# what is needed for short
messages,
xam%le of t4e 0a%a0it7 of P,8
Combined !CCH2DCCH signalling channel configuration in which
& bloc6 is used for AGCH ;F 3 bloc6s for paging
+a(imum of 5 paging messages2bloc6, ($+<) used, : in a*erage
<n a*erage, we ha*e to send 3 paging messages to page a mobile,
$herefore, on a*erage, we send : pages2bloc6, but we ha*e reser*ed 3 bloc6s
for paging, $his gi*es us in total 4 paging messages in e*er# 0&;frame
+ultiframe, which means 4 paging messages in e*er# 3:0 ms,
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<f we now calculate how man# paging messages we can get during bus#
hour:
:4%% sec, 2 %,3:0 sec G 4 paging messages8 @&@&0 paging
messages
now we can calculate how man# mobiles we can page during bus# hour
while in a*erage we ha*e to send 3 paging messages to page a mobile:
@&@&0 2 38 50 @01 mobiles2!H,
xam%le 2 9 ,all stablis4ment = 'o0ation >%&ates in0lu&e&
,all stablis4ment
- 3 $R?s 2 Cell E 9,&& 'rl 2 Cell (&D !loc6ing probabilit#)
- &,0 min 2 ubs 2 !H 8 30 m'rl, 2 ubs
- 9,&& 'rl 2 Cell 230 m'rl, 2 ubs 8 :30 ubs 2 Cell
- Authentication and Ciphering 8 1 sec 8 &,@5 m'rl 2 Call (DCCH
reser*ation time)
8F :30 Calls 2 Cell G &,@5 m'rl 2 Call 8 %,4:%0 'rl 2 Cell (DCCH)
'o0ation >%&ate
- "ocation Hpdates once in &3% minutes ; parameter
timerPerio&i0>%&ateMS
- :30 ubs 2 Cell
- DCCH reser*ation time for "ocation Hpdate 8 1 sec 8 &,@5 m'rl
8F :30 Calls 2 Cell G &,@5 m'rl 2 Call G &23 8 %,:&030 'rl 2 Cell (DCCH)
Call 'stablishment and "ocation Hpdate together

- %,4:%0 'rl2Cell I %,:&030 'rl2Cell 8 %,@5010 'rl2Cell (DCCH)
- Jith &D !loc6ing Probabilit# ('rlang !) 8F E 0 DCCH 2 Cell
Combined !CCH2DCCH channel structure is not possible in this case K
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xam%le ( 9 ,all stablis4ment" 'o0ation >%&ates = SMS
,all stablis4ment
- 3 $R?s 2 Cell E 9,&& 'rl 2 Cell (&D !loc6ing probabilit#)
- &,0 min 2 ubs 2 !H 8 30 m'rl, 2 ubs
- 9,&& 'rl 2 Cell 230 m'rl, 2 ubs 8 :30 ubs 2 Cell
- Authentication and Ciphering 8 1 sec 8 &,@5 m'rl 2 Call (DCCH
reser*ation time)
8F :30 Calls 2 Cell G &,@5 m'rl 2 Call 8 %,4:%0 'rl 2 Cell (DCCH)
'o0ation >%&ate
- "ocation Hpdates once in &3% minutes set using the parameter
timerPerio&i0>%&ateMS
- :30 ubs 2 Cell
- DCCH reser*ation time for "ocation Hpdate 8 1 sec 8 &,@5 m'rl
8F :30 Calls 2 Cell G &,@5 m'rl 2 Call G &23 8 %,:&030 'rl 2 Cell
(DCCH)
SMS
- + traffic estimation &,% m'rl 2 subscriber
8F :30 Calls 2 Cell G & m'rl 2 Call 8 %,:30 'rl 2 Cell (DCCH)
,all stablis4ment" 'o0ation >%&ate an& SMS toget4er
- %,4:%0 'rl2Cell I %,:&030 'rl2Cell I %,:30 'rl2Call 8
&,31%10'rl2Cell (DCCH)
- Jith &D !loc6ing Probabilit# ('rlang !) 8F E 0 DCCH 2 Cell
eparated channel structure is needed in this case
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( D,namic SDCC. Allocation
D#namic DCCH is an optional feature, $he !$ should be configured with
the minimum static DCCH capacit# that is sufficient to handle the normal
DCCH traffic, '(tra DCCH resources are allocated from free $CH onl#
when DCCH congestion has been e(perienced after the last free DCCH is
allocated, Conse-uentl#, when the d#namic DCCH radio resources are not
used it is immediatel# configured bac6 for $CH use, $hus the ma(imum
number of $CHs are alwa#s in traffic use depending on the actual need of the
DCCH resources at each moment,
A particular benefit is deri*ed from this feature in traffic cases where the
signalling is the onl# transmission mode during the connection to the networ6,
hort +essage ser*ice (+) traffic as well as location updatings are counted
among them, <n some special places e,g, airports and ports, the location
updatings can produce sudden short time DCCH traffic pea6s which can now
be handled without an# need to configure e(tra permanent DCCH capacit#,
D#namic DCCH resource can be configured onl# when DCCH is allocated
for <mmediate Assignment, During the DCCH hando*er it is not allowed
(restriction concerns the !C), Howe*er, channels of the d#namic DCCH
resources can be used in hando*ers, Placement of the new d#namic DCCH is
dependent on the following factors:
DCCH resource is configured onl# to regular $R?, A R$" of least
uplin6 interference should be selected,
$he DCCH is configured to a $R?, which does not #et ha*e an# DCCH
resources or to the $R?, which has least number of DCCH,
Priorit# is gi*en to the $R?, which has least wor6ing channels,
Jhen in a particular $R? and a different t#pe of $CH resource must be
selected, then the preference order is the following: first HR then 7R, DR
$CH resource,
$hese re-uirements must be compromised according to the actual $CH
occupation situation in the $R?s,
C!CH carr#ing DCCH cannot be configured d#namicall#,
Principles in radio channel allocation from the DCCH resources of the !$
are:
DCCH is alwa#s allocated from static DCCH resource if there is an# free
channel left,
Jhen DCCH is allocated from the d#namic DCCH resources then the
one shall be used which has least idle channels left,
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$hese rules are for minimising the consumption of the $CH resources,
Jhen the feature 7ACCH call set;up is acti*ated, in situations of DCCH
congestion of the !$, the + can be assigned a $CH from the CCCH at the
time of <mmediate Assignment, $his feature can be applied also with the
D#namic DCCH in some special cases:
$he 7ACCH call set;up is used in true DCCH congestion when it is not
possible to configure an# d#namic DCCH resource in the !$,
Jhen the last $CH resource of the !$ is going to be ta6en in use and the
connection re-uires a $CH then it is reasonable to use the 7ACCH call set;
up,
$he upper limit for the number of DCCHs, which are possible to configure in
!C are determined b# the number of $R?s connected to the !C ignalling
Hnit (!CH), Jith ma(imum $R? configurations the a*erage DCCH
capacit# is determined to be &3 DCCH channels per $R?, 7or &;:3 $R?
!CH the ma( number of the DCCH channels is :95,
D#namic DCCH resources can be shared between all $R?s of the !$, $he
absolute limit is that the ma(imum DCCH number in a $R? must not e(ceed
&4 channelsB while this limit *alue is reached then at least one of the two
DCCH29 resources must be a d#namic one,
$he capacit# restriction of the &4 6bit2s telecom signalling lin6 ($R?<G
"APD) produces additional constraints, $he uplin6 capacit# is not sufficient in
the worst traffic load cases, $he main reason for capacit# loss is the increased
uplin6 load due to measurement result reporting,
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1 CCC. Im+roements
$here are two mechanisms a*ailable to impro*e the performance and usage of
the CCCH channels:
T4e ,,,8 s04e&uling algorit4m
$he CCCH scheduling algorithm is used to allow priorit# for access grant
messages o*er paging messages when the parameter
noOfBlo01sFor200ess3rant(23)(BTS)(*..$)(!..$)(*..2)(!) e-uals Cero,
7or non;Cero *alues, the situation will remain as pre*iousl#, i,e, paging
messages ha*e priorit# o*er access grant messages on PCH, $his greatl#
impro*es the PCH throughput especiall# for combined;!CCH;CCCH channel
structure,
Mo&ifie& buffering me04anism
7or PCH the target is to offer a buffering mechanism in which the paging buffer
capacit# per paging group is dependent on the CCCH;configuration and on the
identit# t#pe (<+<2$+<) in use, in such a wa# that there can be
configuration;independent ma(imum paging;dela# for a paging message,
Pre*iousl#, each paging group buffer has a fi(ed depth (9 A;bis paging
messages) regardless of the paging group repetition rate set b# the parameter
noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging(MFR)(BTS)(2..9)(#).
<n the worst case, (when buffers are full and !LPAL+7R+ 8 @ and <+<
used), a page arri*ing at a !$ ma# ha*e to wait for 5 paging multiframes
(appro(, 9,5 seconds), $he page is clearl# outdated b# the time it gets
transmitted to air,
ince page repetition is done at the +C, after some point in time it is better to
discard e(cessi*e pages rather than store them for *er# long time, <n this new
mechanism a page is not deleted because of insufficient buffering space, but
because it cannot be transmitted to air within the defined ma(imum paging
dela#,
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2 3e, 'earning Points
<n G+ the logical channels can be di*ided into 5e&i0ate& ,4annels (5,8)
an& ,ommon ,ontrol ,4annels (,,,8)
,ommon ,ontrol ,4annels (,,,8) are used to set up point;to;point
connections, $here are three t#pes of CCCH: Paging Channel (PCH), Random
Access Channel (RACH), and Access Grant Channel (AGCH)
Paging ,4annel (P,8) is a downlin6 channel, which is broadcast b# all the
!$s of a "ocation Area in the case of a mobile terminated call and +
Ran&om 200ess ,4annel (R2,8) is the onl# uplin6 logical channel and the
first point;to;point channel in the common control channels, <t is used b# the
mobile station to initiate a transaction, or as a response to a PCH,
200ess 3rant ,4annel (23,8) is the answer to the RACH, <t is used to
assign to a mobile a Stan&9alone 5e&i0ate& ,ontrol ,4annel (S5,,8), <t is
a downlin6, point;to;point channel
noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging (MFR)(BTS)(2..9) tells how often paging
messages are sent to an +, $his parameter is set so that the + listens to
incoming paging messages between e*er# %,51 seconds (minimum83) and 3,&
seconds (ma(imum8@)
maxNumberOfRetransmission (RT)(BTS)(!" 2" # or $) describes the
ma(imum number of RACH retransmissions the + can send to the !ase
tation, <f it set to 3, it will tr# twice,
numberOfSlotsS%rea&Trans (S'O)(BTS)((..!2" !#" !)" 2*" 2+" (2" +*),
describes a window during which an + tries to send random access to a !ase
tation,
<n G+ Phase 3, newstab,ausesSu%%ort (N,-)(BTS)(.es/No)(N) and
(PF)(RF)(F)(OF) are used to indicate the possibilit# to use 7ACCH in
call assignment procedure,
numberOfBlo01sFor200ess3rant -A$0-BTS0-*..$) is a parameter for
reser*ing the number of CCCH bloc6s used for AGCH,
Ph#sical channels $% and $& are a*ailable for signalling and the# can be
used b# logical channels in : wa#s:
&, Combined channel structure for !CCH, CCCH and DCCH on $% for
uplin6 and downlin6,
3, eparate channel structure for !CCH and CCCH on $% and DCCH on
$& on uplin6 and downlin6,
:, H#brid tructure in which !CCH, CCCH and DCCH25 are transmitted on
$% in both directions and DCCH29 is transmitted on $& for both
directions,
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Ra%io :hanne+ :oni)'!a#ion$
D#namic DCCH allocation is an optional feature where e(tra DCCH
capacit# is allocated from free $CH when DCCH congestion is e(perienced,
$hese resources re*ert to $CH usage when DCCH congestion subsides,
$here are two mechanisms a*ailable for CCCH usage impro*ements:
CCCH cheduling Algorithms : which pro*ides priorit# for Access Grant
messages o*er Paging +essages,
+odified !uffering +echanism in which pages are deleted when the# cannot
be transmitted to air within the defined ma(imum paging dela#,
8i)'!e 1D. Pa!a"e#e!$ !e+a#e% #o $i)na++in)
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no4f(ultiframes!etween-aging ) ,,, >
number4f!locksorAccess.rant + ,,, 1 :if !CCH#CCCHused;:non-combined;
& ,,, 1 :if C!CHused on SDCCH#/;
+ ,,, ) :if combined !CCH#SDCCH used;
maCNumber"etransmission &B )B $B 1
number4fSlotsSpread'rans * ,,, &)B &$B &0B )+B )%B *)B %+
pagingAns4nacc? E#N
emerCall4nacc? E#N
ordinar=Call4nacc? E#N
restablis?Call4nacc? E#N
newEstabCausesSupport E#N :ACCH setup allowed;
-arameters
Falue
BSSPAR
1) Reie4 5uestions
=&, Jhich logical channel is used b# the !$ to assign to an +, a traffic
channel for communicationM
a) Common Control Channel (CCCH)
b) Paging Channel (PCH)
c) Random Access Channel (RACH)
d) Access Grant Channel (AGCH)
e) $raffic Channel ($CH)
=3, $he parameter numberOfSlotsS%rea&Trans(S'O)(BTS) is used to
allocated a number of CCCH bloc6s for N
a) Common Control Channel (CCCH)
b) Paging Channel (PCH)
c) Random Access Channel (RACH)
d) Access Grant Channel (AGCH)
e) $raffic Channel
=:, Jhich parameter defines how often paging messages are sent to +M
a) noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging (MFR)(BTS)(2..9)
b) maxNumberOfRetransmission (RT)(BTS)(!" 2" # or $)
c) numberOfSlotsS%rea&Trans (S'O)(BTS)((..!2"!#" !)" 2*" 2+" (2" +*)
d) newstab,allSu%%ort (N,-)(BTS)(.es/No) and
e) numberOfBlo01sFor200ess3rant -A$0-BTS0-*..$)
=5, Jhich parameter is associated with AGCHM
a) noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging (MFR)(BTS)(2..9)
b) maxNumberOfRetransmission (RT)(BTS)(!" 2" # or $)
c) numberOfSlotsS%rea&Trans (S'O)(BTS)((..!2"!#" !)" 2*" 2+" (2" +*)
d) newstab,allSu%%ort (N,-)(BTS)(.es/No) and
e) numberOfBlo01sFor200ess3rant -A$0-BTS0-*..$)
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Ra%io :hanne+ :oni)'!a#ion$
=0, Jhich of the following are used for signalling on ph#sical channels $%
and $&M
a) Combined channel structure for !CCH, CCCH and DCCH on $% for
uplin6 and downlin6,
b) eparate channel structure for !CCH and CCCH on $% and DCCH on
$& on uplin6 and downlin6,
c) H#brid tructure in which !CCH, CCCH and DCCH25 are transmitted on
$% in both directions and DCCH29 is transmitted on $& for both
directions,
d) All of the abo*e
e) )one of the abo*e
=4, Jhich of the following is true about d#namic DCCH AllocationM
a) <t is an optional feature,
b) '(tra DCCH capacit# is allocated from free $CH when DCCH
congestion is e(perienced,
c) Jhen DCCH congestion subsides, allocated $CH re*ert to $CH usage,
d) All of the abo*e
e) )one of the abo*e
=1, Jhich of the following mechanism(s) is2are used to impro*e CCCH usageM
a) CCCH cheduling Algorithms pro*ide priorit# for Access Grant messages
o*er Paging +essages,
b) +odified !uffering mechanism in which pages are deleted when the#
cannot be transmitted to air within the defined ma(imum paging dela#,
c) All of the abo*e
d) )one of the abo*e
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