Noopolitik

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Noopolitik
In political science Noopolitik from the Greek Noos (knowledge) and German Politik (politics) is the network-based
geopolitics of knowledge. The term was invented by defense experts John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt in a seminal
RAND corporation study of 1999 and often appears in connection with that of smart power.
[1][2]
Difference with Realpolitik
Noopolitics is an informational strategy of manipulating international processes through the forming in general
public by means of mass media of positive or negative attitude to external or internal policy of a state of block of
states to create a positive or negative image of ideas and promulgated moral values. (Baichik A.V., Nikonov S.B.
Noopolitik as global information strategy // Vestnik St.Petersburg University, Ser. 9. 2012. Issue. I. p.207-213
Noopolitik differs from realpolitik. Although realpolitik is commonly equated with hard power, and seemingly
noopolitik with soft power, both are broader in their embodiment of a form of organization. Specifically, realpolitik
is not limited to hard power and coercion, but embodies a hierarchical form of organization. Likewise, noopolitik is
not limited to reliance on knowledge and soft power, but embodies a networked form of organization.
Versus Foucault's Biopolitics
Tiziana Terranova (2007) describes the use of the term 'noopolitics' by Maurizio Lazzarato (2004). "'Noopolitics'
supplements the biopolitics of the species described by Foucault" (Terranova 2007, 139). "Against the militarization
of communication accomplished by new techniques of power, it is possible to think about the constitution of such
publics as counter-weapons, which work by expressing, inventing and creating possible worlds where the moment of
resistance (the 'no' by which one refuses to watch, listen or believe) is the starting point for an affirmative activity"
(Terranova 2007, 140). Noyer & Juanals (2008) have also discussed Noopolitik as a means of social control.
[3]
especially in connection with RAND's Byting back program which was published as research into counter
insurgency.
[4]
In the Knowledge Economy and the BRICS
While the term initially appeared in association with the concept of the US Revolution in Military Affairs,
Noopolitik has also come to describe an interest in the Knowledge Economy and in particular innovation and R&D
to leverage growth and political reach in international relations. Thus Noopolitik may be defined as the use of
innovation and knowledge to leverage political intercourses by other means at the international level. Such
"knowledge race" may be either a means of asserting political independence or of generating a sudden gap in the
geopolitical balance of power. The attitude of the People's Republic of China and the ANZUS in the Pacific Ocean
has been described as such by Idriss J. Aberkane (2011).

Therefore, comparable to the Heartland, the Heartocean inevitably disputed by powers of which none may prevail alone in the future without
a decisive innovation will become the scene of a commensurate Great Game with the two same grand stakes. This will be the fate (or doom) of
multilateralism on the one side and the global knowledge race on the other. (...). As stated by Seth Cropsey (2010) commenting on Chinas
noopolitik move of deploying new anti-ship missiles
[5]
in the ocean keeping the Pacific pacific.
[6]
The two issues are well summarized.
[7]

Noopolitik
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for the People's Republic of China
Professor Li Xiguang of Tsinghua University described the stakes of Smart power for the People's Republic of China
in a 2010 article on Noopolitik in the Global Times

Soft power is the power of making people love you. Hard power is the ability to making people fear you. Over the last 500 years, all the world
powers gained their hegemony through hard power, but the US has gained its hegemony through combining hard power and soft power, both
striking at and assimilating its opponents. The US has built its soft power by making its values and political system, such as the US
interpretation and definition of democracy, freedom and human rights, into supposedly universal values.
[8]

Then Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi with

Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao during a trip to
China in 2009. The encounter was concomitant
with the publication of a report on "Smart Power
in U.S.-China Relations" by William Sebastian
Cohen the Center for Strategic and International
Studies
[9]
Aberkane analyzes Noopolitik as a defining stance of the People's
Republic of China's economic policy
[10]
in which he concludes
"Maintaining Leap and Bound creativity could be an efficient way for
China to neutralize popular frustration. What must be acknowledged is
that the PRC has moved from a growth panacea policy, to a policy of
knowledge panacea. This best sums up its Noopolitik."

Emphasizing Chinas deeply-rooted desire for technological independence, Segal

[11]
refers to the PRCs efforts as an Innovation Wall,
which is the willingness to innovate as independently as possible from the rest of the world to simply and systematically leap ahead of any
other country. Needless to say, the scope of the rising fog of war in world economic and R&D competition is particularly daunting for the
Euro-Atlantic community. The Chinese phrase for national innovation zizhu chuangxin was notably coined in a 2006 state report titled
Guidelines on National Medium- and Long-Term Program for Science and Technology Development. If China decides to foster an
innovation of its own, and the ideas were published in Mandarin language journals it would provide a barrier against other linguistic
communities, and a thicker fog of war might rise in knowledge-based economic warfare.
Sources
Nikonov S.B. Noopolitical Aspect of international Journalism // Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 17(1):
21-25.2013
Nikonov S.B. Noopolitics as a global information strategy LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing GmbH & Co.
KG Heinrich-Bcking-Str. 6-8 66121, Saarbrcken, Germany.
Nikonov S.B. Global information space as an environment of noopolitics / / The world and politics. , 2012.
Number 09 (72). URL: http:/ / mir-politika. ru/ 1608-globalnoe-info. . . opolitiki. html.
Nikonov S.B. Noopolitics as a component part of a strategy of state conflict / / European Journal of Social
Sciences. , 2012. Number 2 (18). S. 467 - 472. URL: http:/ / elibrary. ru/ item. asp?id=17696491
Nikonov S.B. Noopolitics as a tool to promote the economic interests of State / / European Journal of Social
Sciences. , 2012. Number 12 (15). S. 482 - 487. URL: http:/ / mir-politika. ru/ 106-noopolitika-kak. . . -gosudastv.
html
Nikonov S.B. TV reports Euronews as part of noopolitics / / Scientific and practical journal "Modern Science:
Current Issues of theory and practice." Series "Humanities"., 2011. Number 1. pp.33 37. URL: http:/ / www.
vipstd. ru/ nauteh/ index. php/ --gn01-11/ 205-a
Noopolitik
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Baichik A.V.., Nikonov S.B.. Noopolitik as global information strategy // Vestnik St.Petersburg University, Ser.
9. 2012. Issue. I. p.207-213
John Arquilla & David Ronfeldt: "The Emergence of Noopolitik: Toward an American Information Strategy"
[12]
,
Rand 1999
Terranova, Tiziana . Futurepublic: On Information Warfare, Bio-racism and Hegemony as Noopolitics. Theory,
Culture & Society 24.3 (2007): 125-145.
Lazzarato, Maurizio (2004) La politica dellevento. Cosenza: Rubbettino.
[1] Wilson, Ernest J. III Hard Power, Soft Power, Smart Power The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science March
2008 vol. 616 no. 1 110-124
[2] Nye, Joseph S. The Future of Power Public Affairs 2011
[3] La stratgie amricaine du contrle continu De la Noopolitik (1999) Byting Back (2007) : une cration de concepts et de dispositifs
de contrle des populations Jean-Max Noyer, Brigitte Juanals (03/01/2008) HAL (http:/ / archivesic. ccsd. cnrs. fr/ docs/ 00/ 29/ 22/ 07/ PDF/
Noopolitik_Byting_Back5. pdf)
[4] Martin C. Libicki, David C. Gompert, David R. Frelinger, Raymond Smith Byting Back -- Regaining Information Superiority Against
21st-Century Insurgents RAND Counterinsurgency Study -- Volume 1 2007
[5] Fox News.com Aug. 6th 2010 Chinese 'Carrier-Killer' Missile Could Reshape Sea Combat [link | http:/ / www. foxnews. com/ scitech/ 2010/
08/ 06/ chinese-carrier-killer-missile-game-changer-expert-says/ ]
[6] [6] Seth Cropsey Keeping the Pacific pacific. The looming U.S.-Chinese Naval rivalry. Foreign Affairs Sept. 27 2010.
[7] Aberkane, I. J. Brzezinski on a US Berezina: anticipating a new, New World Order (http:/ / www. e-ir. info/ ?p=7854) e-International
Relations Mar 31st 2011
[8] Li Xinguang Soft power's reach depends on friendly Internet The Global Times Nov 2nd 2010
[9] William S. Cohen Smart Power in U.S.-China Relations CSIS March 4th 2009 (http:/ / csis. org/ publication/ smart-power-us-china-relations)
[10] Aberkane, Idriss J. An Optimistic Memo on the Chinese Noopolitik: 2001-2011 (http:/ / www. e-ir. info/ ?p=9445) e-International Relations
jun. 14 2011
[11] Segal, A. (2010) Chinas Innovation Wall : Beijings Push for Homegrown technology. Foreign Affairs Sept 28 2010.
[12] http:/ / www.questia. com/ PM. qst?a=o& d=103995568
Additional Resources
Mohammad Ganjidoost: " (http:/ / uscpublicdiplomacy. org/ index. php/ newswire/ cpdblog_detail/
060724_soft_power_noopolitik_approach_president_ahmadinejads_letter_bu/ )," USC Center on Public
Diplomacy, July 24, 2006.
David Ronfeldt and John Arquilla: " The promise of Nopolitik (http:/ / www. firstmonday. org/ htbin/ cgiwrap/
bin/ ojs/ index. php/ fm/ article/ view/ 1971)," First Monday, August, 2007
Article Sources and Contributors
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Article Sources and Contributors
Noopolitik Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=597660883 Contributors: AvicAWB, Bobrayner, Brichard37, D6, Dewritech, Easyas12c, Gdvorsky, Guardead, Interiot,
Jean.julius, Kai-Hendrik, Knepflerle, Mauro Bieg, Omnipaedista, Revolute, SchreiberBike, Shameran81, Stequoianie, Thegreatmuka, TreasuryTag, Vzomg, Willenweten, 40 anonymous edits
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
File:Nancy Pelosi and Wen Jiabao.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Nancy_Pelosi_and_Wen_Jiabao.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors:
Nancy Pelosi from San Francisco, CA
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