2012

Gyroscopes and IMUs

for Defense, Aerospace & Industrial


Multiple technology changes are fueling booming market growth

KVH - CROWS II
Sagem Embraer
Senlution
Saab Training
System
SeaTel Sensonor
Kearfott
2012 2
Report Content

Introduction, Definitions & Methodology 5
Executive Summary 17
1. 2010-2017 Market and Competition Overview 38
Global 2010-2017 gyroscope market
Gyroscope market evolution by sensor grade (value & volume)
Gyroscope market evolution by application category (value & volume)
Gyroscope market evolution by level of integration (value & volume)
Gyroscope market evolution by geography (value & volume)
Gyroscope 2011 market Shares (value & volume) and competitive trends
Accelerometer market evolution by application (value & volume)
Accelerometer market evolution by level of integration (value & volume)
Global 2010-2017 IMU market (value & volume)
IMU 2011 market shares (value)

2. Industrial / Medical / Commercial naval / Offshore Applications 74
Overview: key specifications, market breakdown and market shares
Application description, trends, geographic breakdown, value chain and market evolution (value & volume) for: Stabilization systems / GPS
aiding - Mobile mapping / Commercial ship navigation - gyrocompass / ROVs - AUVs navigation for offshore / First responder systems / Drilling
(for oil and gas and mining survey) / Motion Capture - Life science / Other commercial applications

3. Commercial Aerospace Applications 108
Overview: key specifications, market breakdown and market shares
Application description, trends, geographic breakdown, value chain and market evolution (value & volume) for: Civil aircraft navigation / AHRS
for general aviation / backup instrument / Flight control for civil helicopters and aircrafts / Flight control - navigation for civil & paramilitary UAVs /
Space satellites, Spacecraft & skyrockets / Other commercial aerospace applications

4. Defense Applications 132
Overview: key specifications, market breakdown and market shares
Application description, trends, geographic breakdown, value chain and market evolution (value & volume) for: Platform stabilization (RCWS,
turrets, guns, gimbals..) / Missile guidance / Guided munitions - Bombs / Gyrocompass (ships, artillery) / Military helicopters navigation -
stabilization / Military fighter navigation and flight control / Military transport aircraft / Defense UAV & UGV navigation control / Armored
vehicle navigation / Combatant ship navigation / Strategic applications (submarine, ballistic missiles, specific space missions) / Other defense
applications
2012 3
5. Gyroscope Technologies 178
Technology classification and performance trends
2010-2017 technology evolution (value & volume)
Technology evolution per gyro grade
1990-2020 pricing evolution by technology

6. Silicon / Quartz MEMS Gyroscopes 203
MEMS gyro classification, principles and latest trends
MEMS gyros: industrial chain, cost structure, pricing trends, market shares and production level by competitor

Report Content
7. Fiber Optic Gyroscopes (FOG) 219
FOG classification, principles and latest trends
FOG: industrial chain, cost structure, pricing trends, market shares and production level by competitor

8. Ring Laser Gyroscopes (RLG) 232
RLG classification, principles and latest trends
RLG: industrial chain, cost structure, pricing trends, market shares and production level by competitor

9. DTG & Other Mechanical, Vibrating Piezo Gyroscopes 243
DTG & other mechanical, vibrating piezo gyroscopes: classification, principles and latest trends
DTG & other mechanical, vibrating piezo gyroscopes: industrial chain, cost structure, pricing trends, market shares and production level by
competitor

10. HRG and Emerging Gyro Technologies 255

11. Accelerometer Technologies 261
Technology classification, principles and latest trends
2011 technology breakdown
MEMS accelerometer market shares

Conclusion and Perspectives 279

2012 4
Objectives of the Report
The objectives of this report are the following:
To provide market data on high performance MEMS gyroscopes and gyroscope-based systems (gyro
assemblies, IMUs): key market metrics & dynamics
Unit shipments and revenues by type of sensor
Average selling price analysis and expected evolution
Market shares for each category of application, for each technology and for each performance grade
To provide application focus on key existing markets and most promising emerging ones
Functions that are used, critical specification requirements, level of assembly and technology choices
What are the major drivers, how will the market be like in 2017?
To provide an analysis on the major technology trends:
Evolution expected for the current technologies: level of performance, price
Insight about new technologies: AO / Cold atom, NMR gyros
To provide a deep understanding of inertial sensor value chain, infrastructure & players for the inertial
business
Quasi-exhaustive list of sensor manufacturers worldwide with technology offer
List of key integrators worldwide
Industrial chain information for each application: who supplies to who
2012 5
Introduction
New entrants are using game-changing MEMS IMUs to
target emerging markets
Inertial Measurements Units (IMUs) is a large industry traditionally dominated by defense and aerospace
applications. 2011 was a stable year for IMUs with a market size of $1.75B.

We expect more dynamic growth in this market near term because of two factors:
In the defense and aerospace sectors: though the markets in the U.S. and Europe are best described as conservative and
mature, many new programs are being launched in Asia, Brazil, and the Middle East.
Many new applications are fueling the growth of the IMU market, benefiting from significant technology evolutions, such as the
continuous improvement of MEMS IMUs.

The IMU market is very concentrated; only a few big companies are dominant. Honeywell, Northrop Grumman
and Sagem are the clear leaders, but many newcomers are coming in to play, looking to enter the market with
low-cost MEMS-based products and a different approach to how things are done.
Honeywell
34.8%
Northrop
Grumman
19.4%
Sagem
9.4%
Others
36.4%
(detailed in
the report)
2011 IMU market share (M$)
(Total = $1.75B )
Yole Dveloppement
Aug. 2012
2012 6
Introduction
Growth opportunities are positively impacting the
gyroscope market
High-performance inertial sensors and systems is a dynamic market segment, as an ever-increasing number of platforms
require stabilization, guidance or navigation functions. The 2011 market for high-performance gyroscopes was estimated at
$1.29B, growing at a 4.3% annual rate, and is expected to reach $1.66B in 2017.
However, this growth will not be global. Indeed, the most attractive opportunities will be concentrated in a select few
applications, geographies or technologies:
Defense applications still account for half of the market and most players expect this to remain about the same, as budget cuts made in the
U.S. and Europe will be partially compensated by strong demand in Asia.
Commercial aerospace represents close to 25% of the market. After a period of stability, an increasing number of business jet, helicopter and
civil aircraft orders will drive renewed inertial systems growth, starting in 2013.
The remainder of the market (composed primarily of industrial, naval and offshore applications) will be the most dynamic area. While it will
take time to adopt new technol-ogies in the more conservative areas, new industrial applications are appearing with each passing day,
benefiting from the increasing availability of low-cost inertial solutions.
This report describes in detail each application in terms of market size, competitive analysis, technical requirements,
technology trends and business drivers.
0
500
1000
1500
2010 2011 2012e 2013e 2014e 2015e 2016e 2017e
2010-2017 Gyro Market ($M)
Industrial/medical/commercial naval/offshore Commercial aerospace Defense
Yole Developpement Aug. 2012
2012 7
Introduction
MEMS and FOG drive the change in the technology mix
Currently, optical gyroscope technologies still dominate the market by a wide margin. In
particular, Ring Laser Gyroscopes (RLGs) are largely used in navigation systems and tactical
guidance; one example is the Honeywell HG1700 IMU.
Although RLGs will be robust for high-performance, Yole Developpement expects two other
technologies to make a large contribution to 2011-2017 growth: Fiber Optic Gyroscopes
(FOGs), which are currently very popular for stabilization applications, and should rapidly
progress to eventually replace other navigation technologies; and MEMS technology, which
will have the largest impact on the industry.
New applications are enabled by low-cost MEMS sensors, and when it comes to
tactical grade applications, a lot of progress has been achieved in just the past few years in
terms of reliability. MEMS are now accepted in high-reliability environments, and are even
starting to replace FOGs and other technologies in tactical applications. Of course, other
technologies must be considered as well: Hemispheric Resonant Gyroscopes (HRGs) are
making progress and are now designed for navigation; Coriolis vibrating piezo gyroscopes are
finding increasing success in a large variety of end-markets while new disruptive gyro
technologies are still in lab-phase; and finally, DTG and other mechanical gyro technologies
are still used in some retrofit systems for 2-axis stabilization systems or for gyrocompass, but
this trend points to a decline.
Many factors are shaping tomorrows competitive landscape: technology capabilities,
products maturity level, geography, value chain, and others. As such, competition trends are
carefully analyzed in this report. Honeywell is still the global leader by far, with great success
in RLG-based systems and successful deployment of MEMS technology. Northrop Grumman,
Sagem and other market leaders are next on the list with a variety of technologies and new
product lines that should have big market impact. Newcomers will play a role as well, from
startup companies developing disruptive sensors, to MEMS manufacturers, IMU integrators
and large end-users willing to pursue internal inertial technologies.
This report highlights market share analysis by application field and technology, as well as
global company shipments and technology breakdown.

0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Industrial (>
6/h)
Tactical (0.5-
5%/h)
Short term
navigation
(0.05-0.5/h)
High-end
navigation /
strategic
(<0.04/h)
S
h
a
r
e

i
n

v
a
l
u
e

(
%
)

Gyro bias stability
2011 Gyro Market ($M) - Techno
breakdown
- Total = $1289M -
HRG / others
Other mechanical / vibrating
gyros
DTG
RLG
FOG
Yole Developpement
Aug. 2012
2012 8
Introduction
A report designed to be a reference in the 2012 inertial
sensor industry
This report is the third update of Yoles best-selling IMU Markets report, which was first released in 2008.
This latest edition is a completely new version, with substantial changes since the last edition:
The scope of study is broader: stand-alone gyroscopes and assemblies of 2 or3-axis gyroscopes are accounted
for in the market numbers
The market is quantified for each gyroscope technology, and each companys yearly shipments are estimated
Market metrics are provided for each grade of gyroscopes: each application is positioned according to
performance level and corresponding market size
Applications are described in a more synthetic way in order to provide rapid access to key information (functions,
specification, technical solution, geography, trends, and market evolution) and graphical representation of the
industrial chain

This report combines the best of Yoles knowledge in the high-performance inertial sensor industry. Yole
regularly participates in industry conferences and tradeshows worldwide, and has close relations with most
market leaders. This reports data has been validated by industry experts and augmented by the expertise of
Mike Perlmutter, a recognized expert in navigation. With a totally different format than before, this report
synthetizes the status of the 2012 inertial sensor industry in a thorough and completely new way.
2012 9
Scope of the report
High performance inertial sensors
This refers to the applications: we take into account all the inertial sensors
except the consumer / mobile and the automotive applications
It means that we take into account industrial, medical, aerospace, defense
applications (even industrial applications are considered as high-performance applications, as
opposed to consumer ones)
In some cases: consumer -grade MEMS gyroscopes (for instance few /s bias
stability) are used in industrial applications this is part of the report

To simplify the representation, the performance level has been divided in 4 parts:
The only parameter which is considered is the bias stability
In the 50/h range: industrial grade (but it doesnt mean that this is industrial applications: for
instance many missile and bomb guidance require moderate bias stability and enter in this category)
ability to get data on angular rates / on motion
In the 1/h range: tactical grade possibility to get angles
In the 0.1/h range: short term navigation grade possibility for short term navigation (for GPS
outage) and azimuth detection
In the 0.01/h range: high-end navigation & strategic grade ability to navigate
Day to day bias stability is considered for navigation grade, this is the most
significant parameter
In-run bias stability is used for industrial and tactical grade because:
In the past 20 years, MEMS has appeared and expressed performance in terms of in-run parameters
Use of inertial sensors is now in conjunction with GPS, meaning that bias repeatability in not significant
anymore (for tactical / industrial grade)
Other parameters need to be considered as well: depending on the application
other parameters such angular random walk or scale factor will be more
important than parameters
Gyroscope
In-Run (for industrial / tactical)
or day to day (for navigation /
strategic) Bias Stability
Corresponding
Grade
100/h
5/h
1/h
0.5/h
0.1/h
0.05/h
0.01/h
0.0001/h
H
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&

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Definition of application grades
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2012 10
Scope of the report
PRICE level
L
E
V
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L

O
F

I
N
T
E
G
R
A
T
I
O
N

IMU = 3 mutually
orthogonal gyros
and accelerometers
Cluster of
gyroscopes
Clusters of
accelerometers &
gyroscopes
INS

(Inertial Navigation
System IMU + Kalman
filter)
Cluster of
accelerometers
Gyroscopes Accelerometers
INS / GPS
( fusion with GPS)
-
-
+
+
AHRH
(Attitude and Heading
Reference System
IMU + magnetometer +
software)
IMU market
(standalone + IMUs
integrated in systems
such as AHRS, INS)
Gyro market =
Market for standalone gyros / assemblies of gyros
+ market for gyros integrated in IMUs and other
systems (AHRS, INS)
ADAHRS
(Air Data Attitude &
Heading Reference
System fusion with
air data)
GADAHRS
(GPS aided ADARS
fusion with GPS)
2012 11
EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION DETAIL: CIVIL AIRCRAFT
NAVIGATION
2012 12
Civil aircraft navigation
Application description
Function:
Main purpose: navigation system for commercial
aircrafts, cargos and business jets
Additional feature: to monitor deformations of the body
Flight test instrumentation systems when testing the
aircrafts (low quantity: <1% of the fleet)
Key specifications
0.01/h bias repeatability
0.001/h for test systems
Civil aero certification
Long-term supply guarantee
Inertial solution
Integrated in IMU/INS with high-perf electromechanical
accelerometers
Used in redundant systems: 2 INS for narrow-body
aircrafts to 3 INS for large-body aircrafts
Hybridation with GPS (which is in a separate package
for more flexibility)
Technology trends
RLG technology dominates, FOG is an alternative
HRG is emerging
Slow technology change in avionics because of flight
certifications. Not short term wide adoption of MEMS
Traditionally: aircraft maker select the primary INS
maker (often Honeywell) and the second source as
alternative (often NG) so that airline companies can
choose. This changed recently in some cases: Airbus
selected only Thales for A350 and only Sagem for
A400M
Key gyro players
Honeywell, Northrop Grumman, Thales, Sagem (HRG
INS named GADIRS)
Airbus A320 Neo
Boeing 787 Dreamliner
2012 13
Civil aircraft navigation
Market data
Major gyro integrators
Gyro integrated in assemblies or IMUs / INS by: Honeywell, Northrop Grumman, Thales, Sagem
End-users: EADS Airbus & ATR, Boeing, COMAC, Dassault Aviation, Bombardier Learjet, Embraer,
Boeing
Geographical
description
For gyros: North America 85% market / Europe 10% / Asia 5%
For end-users: North America 50% market / Europe 40% / Asia 10%
Market drivers
Steady growth of the market for the next 5 years (3-5%/y)
Retrofit market is significant: it is estimated that 25-30% of the market correspond to upgrades. Indeed
cycle time for such electronics is estimated to 10-15 years, INS are thus changed 2 or 3 times in the life
time of an aircraft
New platforms successfully got massive orders (A320 Neo, B787 Deamliner, COMAC) leading to a
boom in the inertial market in 2013-2014 timeframe
Recovery expected in the bizjet sector, after a bad 2008-2012 period
2 010 2 011 2012e 2013e 2014e 2015e 2016e 2017e
K Units 18.3 18.7 19.8 21.0 22.0 22.9 23.6 24.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
M
a
r
k
e
t

(
K
u
n
i
t
s
)

2010-2017 Civil aircrafts navigation - Gyro Market
(Kunits)
Yole Developpement Aug. 2012
2 010 2 011 2012e 2013e 2014e 2015e 2016e 2017e
$M 141.3 143.4 151.2 159.5 166.6 172.4 176.7 181.1
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
M
a
r
k
e
t

(
$
M
)

2010-2017 Civil aircrafts navigation - Gyro Market
($M)
Yole Developpement Aug. 2012
2012 14
Civil aircraft navigation
Value chain
Airbus
Boeing
COMAC

Honeywell
Gyroscopes IMU/INS
Aircraft maker
Airbus
Thales
Sagem
EADS ATR, Dassault Aviation,
Bombardier Learjet, Embraer
Airbus
Boeing

Northrop Grumman
2012 15
Companies Cited in this Report
Al Cielo, Analog Devices, AOSense, Arazim, Astrium, Autoflug, CASC China
Aerospace, Colibrys, Doosan, Elektropribor, Emcore, Endevco, Epson
Toyocom, Fitzoptika, Freescale, Garmin, GEM Electronica, Gladiator
Technologies, Goodrich / AIS, Hitachi, Honeywell, IAI, iMAR, Innalabs,
InterSense, InvenSense, iXBlue, JAE, Kearfott, Kongsberg, KVH, L3
Communication, Litef, Lumedyne Technologies, MEMSense, Microstrain,
Moog / Crossbow, NG Italia, Northrop Grumman, Optolink , PCB Piezo, Perm,
Physical Logic, Raytheon Anschtz, Sagem, SBG Systems, Schlumberger,
Senlution, Sensonor, Sensorex, Silicon Design, Silicon Sensing System, ST
Microelectronics, Systron Donner Inertial, Tamagawa, Teknol, Thales, Tokyo
Keiki, Tronics, VectorNav, VTI, Watson Instruments, XSens
2012 16
Who Should be Interested in this Report?
High-performance accelerometers and gyroscope suppliers
Understand the system level technology trends and
requirements for each application
Evaluate market potential for your components
depending on performance and technology
Understand the differentiated value of your products and
technologies
Identify new business opportunities and partners
Monitor and benchmark your competitors
advancements
IMU module and AHRS / INS suppliers
Evaluate the market potential of your product portfolio
Define diversification strategies on new applications
Find the best technologies to integrate and the best
suppliers depending on your target markets
Identify new business opportunities and partners
Have an exhaustive analysis of the competition on a
broad range of IMU field
Material supplier, manufacturing service companies
Spot new business opportunities and prospects
Understand the level of activity of your customers
Understand what are the applications that will drive the
volumes in 2017
Integrators of inertial solutions, government agencies
Find the best technologies to integrate and the best
suppliers depending on your target markets
Understand what will be the future applications to develop
by taking benefit on the recent advances in inertial
technologies
Define technology roadmap / evaluate the benefits of
using new technologies in end system, design
architectures for the next generation of systems
Screen potential new suppliers able to provide new
functionalities, or cost and size savings
R&D centers
Evaluate market potential of future technologies and
products for new applicative markets
Identify the best candidates for technology transfer
Financial & strategic investors
Understand the structure and value chain of the high-end
inertial industry
Estimate the potential of new technologies
(tactical/inertial navigation MEMS, navigation-grade
HRG)
Get the list of main key players and emerging start-ups of
this industry worldwide
2012 17
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