Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action

Serratus Anterior Surfaces of lateral parts of 1-8 ribs Anterior surface of medial border of scapula Long Thoracic Nerve (C5-C7) protracts scapula against thoracic wall, rotates scapula
Pectoralis Major 1. clavicular head 2. sternocostal head Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus Lateral and Medial Pectoral Nerves (C5-C7, C8-T1)
flex (clavicular head), extend (sternocostal head) adduct and medially rotate arm; draws
scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
Pectoralis Minor 3-5 ribs near costal cartilages Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula Medial Pectoral Nerve (C8-T1) draws scapula inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action
Trapezius
Medial third of superior nuchal line; external occipital protuberance; nuchal
ligament; spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae
Lateral third of clavicle; acromion an spine of scapula Spinal accessory nerve (motor, CN XI); Spinal nerves (pain, C3-C4)
Scapula: desceing=elevates; ascending=depresses; middle=retract; descending and
ascending=rotate glenoid cavity superiorly
Latissimus Dorsi
Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae; thoracolumbar fascia;
iliac crest; inferior 3 or 4 ribs
Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus Thoracodorsal Nerve (C6-C8) extend, adduct, internally rotate humerus; raises trunk toward arms (eg. climbing)
Levator Scapulae Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae Medial border of scapula superior to root of scapular spine Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5); Cervical nerves (C3-C4) Elevates scapula; Rotates scapula to tilt glenoid cavity inferiorly
Rhomboid Major Spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae Medial border of scapula from spine to inferior angle Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4-C5) Retracts scapula; Depress glenoid cavity by rotate scapula; fix scapula to thoracic wall
Rhomboid Minor Nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae Smooth triangular area at medial end of scapular spine Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4-C5) Retracts scapula; Depress glenoid cavity by rotate scapula; fix scapula to thoracic wall
Deltoid Lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Axillary Nerve (C5, C6)
anterior: flex and medially rotate arm; acromial: abduct arm past 15 degrees; spinal:
extend and laterally rotate arm
Teres Major Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus Lower Subscapular Nerve (C5, C6) adduct and medially rotate arm
Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa of scapula Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus Suprascapular Nerve (C4-C6) initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm
Infraspinatus Infraspinous fossa of scapula Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus Suprascapular Nerve (C5, C6) Laterally rotates arm
Teres Minor Middle part of lateral border of scapula Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus Axillary Nerve (C5, C6) Laterally rotates arm
Subscapularis Subscapular fossa Lesser tubercle of humerus Upper & Lower Subscapular nerve (C5-C7) Medially rotates arm; holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Serratus Posterior Superior 2nd to 5th intercostal nerve elevates ribs
Serratus Posterior Inferior Anterior rami to T9 to T12 thoracic spinal nerve depress ribs
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action
Coracobrachialis Tip of coracoid process of scapula Middle third of medial surface of humeus Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7) flex and adduct the arm at the shoulder joint; resists dislocation of shoulder
Biceps Brachii
long head Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7) chief supinator of the forearm, flexor of the forearm
short head Tip of coracoid process of scapula Tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7) chief supinator of the forearm, flexor of the forearm; resists dislocation of shoulder
Brachialis Distal half of anterior surface of humerus Coronoid process and tuberosity ulna Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6); Radial nerve (C5, C7) chief flexor of the forearm
Tricpes Brachii
long head Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm Radial Nerve (C6-C8) Resists dislocation of humerus inferiorly
lateral head Posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove Proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm Radial Nerve (C6-C8) strongest extensor of the forearm (only against resistance)
medial head Posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove Proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm Radial Nerve (C6-C8) chief extensor of the forearm
BACK
THORAX
ARM
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action
Pronator teres
humeral Medial epicondyle of humerus Middle of convexity of lateral surface of radius median nerve (C6, C7) pronate and flex the forearm
Flexor carpi radialis Medial epicondyle of humerus Base of second metacarpal median nerve (C6, C7) flex and abduct the hand
Palmaris longus Medial epicondyle of humerus Distal half of flexor retinaculum and apex of palmar aponeurosis median nerve (C7, C8) flex the hand, tenses palmar aponeurosis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
humeral Medial epicondyle of humerus Pisiform, hook of hamate, fifth metacarpal ulnar nerve (C7, C8) flex and adduct the hand
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
humeroulnar Medial epicondyle Shafts of middle phalanges of medial four digits median nerve (C7-T1) flexion of the middle phalanges of the fingers
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
medial part
Proximal three quarters of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and
interosseous membrane
Bases of distal phalanges of fourth and fifth digits ulnar nerve (C8, T1) flexion of the distal phalanges 4 and 5 of the fingers
lateral part
Proximal three quarters of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and
interosseous membrane
Bases of distal phalanges of second and third digits anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8, T1) flexion of the distal phalanges 2 and 3 of the fingers
Flexor pollicis longus Anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane Base of distal phalanx of thumb anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8, T1) sole flexor of the thumb's distal phalanx
Pronator quadratus Distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna Distal quarter of anterior surface of radius anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8, T1) pronates forearm, deep fibers bind ulna and radius together
Brachioradialis Proximal two thirds of supraepicondylar ride of humerus Lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process Radial nerve (C5-C7) weak flexion of the forearm
Extensor carpi radialis longus Lateral suraepicondylar ridge of humerus Dorsal aspect of base of second metacarpal radial nerve (C6, C7) extend and abduct the hand
Extensor carpi radialis brevis Lateral epicondyle of humerus Dorsal aspect of base of third metacarpal Radial Nerve, deep branch (C7, C8) extend and abduct the hand
Extensor digitorum Lateral epicondyle of humerus Extensor expansions of medial four digits Radial Nerve, deep branch (C7, C8) extend medial four digits at their metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
Extensor digiti minimi Lateral epicondyle of humerus Extensor expansion of fifth digit Radial Nerve, deep branch (C7, C8) extend fifth digit at its metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior border of ulna via a shared
aponeurosis
Dorsal aspect of base of fifth metacarpal Radial Nerve, deep branch (C7, C8) extend and adduct the hand at the wrist joint
Supinator
Lateral epicondyle of humerus; radial collateral and anular ligaments;
supinator fossa; crest of ulna
Lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius Radial Nerve, deep branch (C7, C8) supination of the forearm
Extensor indices Posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane Extensor expansion of second digit posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) extend the second digit at its metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
Abductor pollicis longus
Posterior surface of proximal halves of ulna, radius and interosseous
membrane
Base of first metacarpal posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) extend and abduct the thumb at its carpometacarpal joint
Extensor pollicis brevis Posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) extend distal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints
Extensor pollicis longus Posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseous membrane Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
extend proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal and
interphalangeal joints
FOREARM
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action
Opponens pollicis Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium Lateral side of first metacarpal recurrent branch of median nerve (C8-T1) Oppose thumb by drawing first metacarpal medially and rotating it medially
Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb recurrent branch of median nerve (C8-T1) abduct the thumb at carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints
Flexor pollicis brevis
superficial head Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb recurrent branch of median nerve (C8-T1) Flexes thumb
deep head Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8-T1) Adducts thumb
Adductor pollicis
Abductor digiti minimi Pisiform Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of fifth digit deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8-T1) abduct the little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint
Flexor digiti minimi brevis Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of fifth digit deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8-T1) flex the little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint
Opponens digiti Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum Medial border of fifth metacarpal deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8-T1) flex and laterally rotate the 5th metacarpal at carpometacarpal joint
Palmaris brevis Medial border of the palmar aponeurosis superficial branch of ulnar nerve wrinkle the skin covering the hypothenar eminence
1st/2nd lumbricals Lateral two tendons of flexor digitrum profundus (unipennate muscles) Lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2-5 digits median nerve (C8-T1) flex finger at metacarpophalangeal joint/extend finger at interphalangeal joint
3rd/4th lumbricals Medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (bipennate muscles) Lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2-5 digits deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8-T1) flex finger at metacarpophalangeal joint/extend finger at interphalangeal joint
1-4 dorsal interossei Adjacent sides of two metacarpals (bipennate muscles) Bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansions of 2-4 digits deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8-T1) abduct its finger (associated with lateral side of index, middle fingers respectively)
1-3 palmar interossei Palmar surfaces of 2, 4, 5 metacarpals (unipennate muscles) Bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansions of 2, 4, 5 digits deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8-T1) adduct its finger (associated with the medial side of the index finger)
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action
Gluteus Maximus Inferior Gluteal Nerve extends the thigh/chief muscles that raise person from sitting
Gluteus Medius Superior Gluteal Nerve abduct the thigh at the hip joint/lateral pelvic tilting action
Gluteus Minimus Superior Gluteal Nerve abduct the thigh at the hip joint/lateral pelvic tilting action
Tensor Fascia Lata Superior Gluteal Nerve abduct the thigh at the hip joint
Piriformis Anterior rami of S1, S2 externally rotate the thigh at the hip joint
Superior Gemellus Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1) externally rotate the thigh at the hip joint
Obturator Internus Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1) externally rotate the thigh at the hip joint
Inferior Gemellus Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1) externally rotate the thigh at the hip joint
Quadratus Femoris Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1) externally rotate the thigh at the hip joint
GLUTEAL REGION
HAND
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action
Biceps Femoralis
Long Tibial Portion of Sciatic Nerve flex and externally rotate the leg/extend the thigh
Short Common Fibular portion of Sciatic flex and externally rotate the leg
Semitendinosus Tibial Portion of Sciatic Nerve extend the thigh/flex and internally rotate leg
Semimembranous Tibial Portion of Sciatic Nerve extend the thigh/flex and internally rotate leg
Adductor Brevis body of inferior ramus of pubis pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur Obturator Nerve adduct thigh
Adductor Longus body of pubis inerior to pubic crest middle third of linea aspera of femur Obturator Nerve adduct thigh
Adductor Magnus
a. Adductor inferior ramus of pubic; ramus of ischium gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line Obturator Nerve adduct thigh
b. Hamstring ischial tuberosity adductor tubercle of femur Tibial Portion of Sciatic Nerve extend thigh
Gracilis body and inferior ramus of pubis superior part of medial surface of tibia Obturator Nerve adduct thigh/flex and internally rotate the leg
Obturator Externus margins of obturator formane and obturator membrane trochanteric fossa of femur Obturator Nerve externally rotate thigh
Psoas Major (iliopsoas)
sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs between them; transverse processes of all
lumbar vetebrae
lesser trochanter of femur branches of anterior rami: L1-L3 most powerful flexor of thigh/flexor of trunk of body relative to thigh when rising
Psoas Minor (iliopsoas) sides of T12-L1 vertebrae and discs between them pectineal line, iliopectineal eminence via iliopectineal arch branches of anterior rami; L1-L2 flexor of thigh
Iliacus (iliopsoas) iliac crest and fossa tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter and femur distal to it Femoral nerve most powerful flexor of thigh/flexor of trunk of body relative to thigh when rising
Pectineus superior ramis of pubis pectineal line of femur (inferior to lesser trochanter) Femoral (may receive branch from obturator nerve) flex and adduct the thigh
Sartorius anterior superior iliac spine superior part of medial surface of tibia Femoral nerve flexion, abduction, external rotation of thigh at hip. Flexion, internal rotation of leg at knee
Vastus Medialis medial lip of linea aspera of femur quadriceps tendon Femoral nerve extend the leg at the knee
Vastus Intermedius anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur quadriceps tendon Femoral nerve extend the leg at the knee
Vastus Lateralis greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur quadriceps tendon Femoral nerve extend the leg at the knee
Rectus Femoris anterior inferior iliac spine quadriceps tendon Femoral nerve extend the leg at the knee/ flexion of the thigh at the hip
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action
Tibialis anterior deep fibular nerve dorsiflexion of the foot/ a chief supinator of the foot
extensor hallicus longus deep fibular nerve extend the phalanges of the big toe/ dorsiflexion of the foot
extensor digitorumlongus deep fibular nerve
dorsiflexion of the foot/ extend the phalanges (2-5) at metatarsophalangeal and
interphalangeal joints
Fibularis tertius deep fibular nerve dorisflexion of the foot/ pronation of the foot
Fibularis longus superficial fibular nerve chief pronator of the foot/plantarflexion of the foot
Fibularis brevis superficial fibular nerve chief pronator of the foot/plantarflexion of the foot
Gastrocnemius tibial nerve plantarflexion of the foot
Soleus tibial nerve plantarflexion of the foot
Plantaris tibial nerve plantarflexion of the foot (weak contributor)
Popliteus tibial nerve
foot suspended: internally rotate leg rel. to thigh at knee/ foot planted: externally rotate thigh rel. to
leg at knee
Flexor digitorum longus tibial nerve plantarlexion of the foot/flexion of phalanges (2-5)
Tibialis posterior tibial nerve a chief supinator of the foot/ plantarflexion of the foot
Flexor hallicus longus tibial nerve flexion of the phalanges of the big toe/plantarflexion of the foot
LEG
THIGH