PUNCTUATIONS!?!

Devon Terry
Carol Sieverts
English 1250-003
24 March 2014
:
-
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PUNCTUATIONS TYPES
Commas
,
Semicolons
;

End Punctuations
. ? !
Apostrophes



Quotation Marks

Other Punctuation
/:-])
COMMAS
Refer to Bryans presentation




Coming April 16th


SEMICOLONS
Semicolons create a stronger pause than a comma, but not as strong as a
period. They do the following
1. Link independent clauses

2. Separate items in a series containing other punctuation

LINKING INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
Semicolons can take a second complete
sentence that expands or presents a contrast to
the first sentence, and turn the two sentences
into one.

Immigration acts were passed; newcomers had to
prove, besides moral correctness and financial
solvency, their ability to read.


Semicolons should also link independent
clauses that are joined by conjunctive
adverbs such as therefore, however, indeed
or transitional expressions such as in fact,
in addition, and for example.
The circus comes as close to being the world
in microcosm as anything I know; in a way,
it puts all the rest of the show business in the
shade.

SEPARATING ITEMS IN A SERIES USING
SEMICOLONS
During a series of times, when the items themselves contain commas or other punctuations,
using semicolons to separate the items will make them sentence clearer and easier to read.
Series without the need of a semicolon
- During our vacation through California we went to Hollywood, Disneyworld, Sixflags, and Seaworld.

Series of items that need a semicolon

- The conference had employees from Salt Lake City, Utah; Los Angeles, California; and Huston, Texas.
PRACTICE ON SEMICOLONS
Turn the two sentences into one.

-City life offers many advantages. In many ways, however, life in a
small town is much more pleasant.
END PUNCTUATIONS
Periods

Questions Marks

Exclamation Points

.

?

!
End punctuation tells us how to read each sentence.
Making appropriate punctuation allows the readers
to understand exactly what you mean
PERIODS
Periods close sentences that make statements
or mild commands.
Carol Sieverts is a great English teacher.
Blue is my favorite color.
Close the window please.



Periods also close indirect questions which
report rather than asking a question.
I asked for pancakes with eggs and sausage.
I imagine Angie would like brown.
PERIODS IN ABBREVIATIONS
Periods are also often used to abbreviate larger words.
Mr. Ms. Mrs. Jr. Dr.
However recently some abbreviations have been created without periods, Such as
MD PhD MBA RN
Others are interchangeable and may be used with or without periods.
BC or B.C. AD or A.D. AM or a.m. PM or p.m.

QUESTION MARKS?
1. Close sentences that ask direct questions.
- What subject are you going to major in?
- How was class this morning?




3. When in parentheses, indicates that the
author is unsure on a date, a figure, or a word.
- Quintilian died in ad 96 (?).

2. May be used in a series of questions in
place of commas.
-When I receive my paycheck, I struggle to
decide what to do with the money: Should I
pay for my tuition? Buy Titanfall? Save the
money for a vacation to Colombia?

EXCLAMATION POINTS!
Exclamation points are used to show surprise or strong emotion; though, they must be used
sparingly to avoid distracting your readers or suggesting that you are exaggerating

This presentation is amazing!
Blue is the best color!

Commas or periods are not required after a direct quotation that ends in an exclamation point.

McKenna shouted, Now!
PRACTICE ON END PUNCTUATIONS
Add appropriate punctuation, delete any unnecessary punctuation.

- I screamed at Jamie, You rat. You tricked me.

APOSTROPHES
Apostrophes can make a big difference In meaning, for example
Please deposit your garbage (and your guests) in the trash
receptacles before leaving the pool area.

Rather, to indicate that they should deposit the garbage of the guests
in the trash; simply add an apostrophe.
Please deposit your garbage (and your guests) in the trash
receptacles before leaving the pool area.





FUNCTIONS OF APOSTROPHES
1. Apostrophes show possession
-The Galaxy series is Samsungs greatest creation yet.
When plural nouns end with an s, only the apostrophe is necessary.
-The three clowns costumes were bright green and orange
2. Apostrophes in contractions
Two-word combinations formed by leaving out certain letters, which are indicated by an apostrophe
It is, It has / Its I would, I had / Id Will not / Wont He is, He has / Hes
QUOTATION MARKS
1. To identify direct quotations
- Yoda said, Do or do not, there is no try


2. Mark titles of short works
- The Great Spanking Debate is a powerful
article on corporal punishment

3. Display definitions
- In the book Michael vey, a GP is short for a human
Guinea Pig

4. Identify irony and invented terms
- The Banquet consisted of dried-out chicken and
canned vegetables
Uses of quotation marks are
PUNCTUATING BLOCK QUOTATIONS
When including a quote of four or more typed lines, you must drop
the quotation marks, start the quote on a new line and indent by one inch.
In Suspended, Joy Harjo tells of her first awareness of jazz as a child:
My rite of passage into the world of humanity occurred then, via jazz. The music
made a startling bridge between the familiar and strange lands, an appropriate
vehicle, for we were there when jazz was born. I recognized it, that humid
afternoon in my formative years, as a way to speak beyond the confines of
ordinary language. I still hear it. (84)

OTHER PUNCTUATION
PLACEMENT WHILE QUOTING
Periods and commas go inside the quotation marks.
- Lets go, said James
Following MLA style for documenting short quotations, place the period after the parenthesis that
contains source info.
- In places, de Beauvoir sees Marxists as believing in subjectivity (Whitmarsh 63).
Colons, Semicolons, and footnote numbers go outside closing quotation marks
- I felt one emotion after finishing Eveline: sorrow.
Question marks, exclamation points, and dashes go inside if they are part of quoted material, outside
if not.
Part of the quotation: Jump! one of the firefighters shouted.
Not part of the quotation: Break a leg That phrase is supposed to bring good luck
PRACTICE ON APOSTROPHES
AND QUOTATION
Insert apostrophes where a appropriate.
- So I decided that maybe to save further trouble, Id better lie.

Find the error in Quotations
- Mother said that she was sure she would never forget the incident.
OTHER PUNCTUATION
Parentheses ( )

Brackets [ ]

Dashes -


Colons :

Slashes /

Ellipses
PARENTHESES
Parentheses may enclose text that is of minor or secondary importance.
- During my research, I found problems with the flat-rate income tax (a single-rate tax with no deductions).
Enclose numbers or letters.
- Major computer parts consist of: (1) CPU, (2) Motherboard, (3) Power supply, and (4) RAM
Enclose textual citations.
- Zamora notes that Kahlo referred to her first self-portrait, given to a close friend, as your Botticelli (110)
PARENTHESES (CONTINUED)
Parentheses with other marks of punctuation.
A period can be placed inside or outside parentheses, but a comma must always be
outside.
- Gene Tunneys single defeat in an eleven-year career was to a flamboyant and dangerous fighter named
Harry Greb (The Human Windmill), who seems to have been, judging from boxing literature, the
dirtiest fighter in history.

When choosing between commas, parentheses, and dashes; consider the following information.
- Commas deal the smallest interruption in a sentence
- Parentheses are more interruptive than commas
- Dashes are the most interruptive
BRACKETS
Enclose parenthetical elements in material that is already in parentheses (such as comments or
explanatory words.
- eventually the investigation had to examine the major agencies (including the previously sacrosanct
National Security Agency [NSA]) that were conducting covert operations.
Insert material in quotations
- Massing notes that on average, it [Fox News] attracts more than eight million people daily more than
double the number who watch CNN.
Using the bracketed word sic after a misspelled word in a quotation will tell readers
that the error is of the person the author is quoting, and not his own error.
- John stated that, most dedicated athletes receive scholerships [sic] to continue their studies in college.
DASHES
Dashes give more emphasis than parentheses to the material they enclose.
They can emphasize explanatory material or make a summary.
- Indeed, several of modern Indias greatest scholars such as the Mughal historian Muzaffar Alam of the
University of Chicago are madrasa graduates.
Or material at the end of the sentence.
- In the twentieth century it has become almost impossible to moralize about epidemics except those
which are transmitted sexually.
Dashes can also make sudden changes in tone.
- New York is a catastrophe but a magnificent catastrophe.
Dashes also indicate hesitation in speech.
- As the officer approached his car, the driver stammered, What what have I done?

COLONS
Use colons to introduce explanations or examples and to separate some elements from one another.
- the men may also wear the getup known as Sun Belt Cool: a pale beige suit, open-collared shirt (often in a
darker shade than the suit), cream colored loafers and aviator sunglasses.
Introduce a series, list, or a quotation.
- The teachers wondered: Do boys and girls really learn differently?
Separating elements.
- 8:13 A.M. - John 5:16 - Dear Dr. Chapman:
Do not put a colon between a verb and its object or complement unless the object is a quotation.
Neither between a preposition and its object or expressions as such as, especially, and including.
- Some natural fibers are: cotton, wool, silk, and linen.
- In poetry, additional power may come from devices such as: simile, metaphor, and alliteration.

SLASHES
Slashes are used to separate alternatives.
- Then there was Daryl, the cabdriver/bartender.
Or make divisions between two or three lines of poetry quoted within running text. Must
precede and follow with a space.
- In Sonnet 29, the persona states, For thy sweet love remembred [sic] such wealth bring / that then I
scorn to change my state with kings.
ELLIPSES
Ellipses are 3 equally spaced dots/periods that indicate that something has been omitted from a
quoted passage.
Original text
- The quasi-official division of the population into three economic classes called high-, middle-, and low-
income groups rather misses the point, because as a class indicator the amount of money is not as
important as the source.
With ellipses
- As Paul Fussell argues, The quasi-official division of the population into three economic classes
rather misses the point
Ellipses may also signal pauses or hesitations in the same way as dashes.
- If only she had oh, it doesnt matter now.

PRACTICING USE OF OTHER PUNCTUATION
Revise, insert correct parentheses and/or brackets.
- Because I was carrying an umbrella, which, as it turned out, wasnt even
necessary, I was required to enter the stadium through the high-security gate.
Add a colon where necessary.
- After discussing the case study, the class reached one main conclusion in any
business, the most important asset is the customer.
WORK CITED
Lunsford, Andrea A., The Everyday Writer. Boston, New York: Bedford / St. Martins. 2013.
Print.