Qiwen Huang

March 31
st
, 2014
Math 1040 1:00-2:20
Professor Brenda
Term Project
Exhale Study
Since many case of lung cancer are causing by smoking. Today we will choose 40
people from the total population of 654 people to calculate the how many people are smoking
and how many people are non-smoking. First, we will choose two methods to pick our samples.
Then we will compare our results of these two samples. So, we will randomly choose 40 people
from the total population, then we will systematic choose 40 people from the total population. As
we graph these two samples, the result of the first sample simple random, about 10% of the
people are smoking. The result of the second sample systematic, more than 43% of people are
smoking.
Categorical Variable Pie Chart & Perato Chart: Smoker v. Non-Smoker Entire Population


Categorical Variable Pie Chart & Perato Chart: Smoker v. Non-Smoker Systematic Sample



Categorical Variable Pie Chart & Perato Chart: Smoker v. Non-Smoker Simple Random
Sample


Quantitative variable Frequency Histogram & Box Plot: Height Entire Population

Population mean: 61.144
Population standard deviation: 5.704
Population 5-number summary: Minimum=46, Q1=57, Medium=61.5, Q2=65.5, Max=74


Quantitative variable Frequency Histogram & Box Plot: Height Systematic Sample

Systematic Sample mean: 60.198
Systematic Sample standard deviation: 5.841
Systematic Sample 5-number summary: Minimum=50, Q1=55, Medium=61, Q2=64.5,
Max=72

Quantitative variable Frequency Histogram & Box Plot: Height Random Sample

Simple Random Sample mean: 61.486
Simple Random Sample standard deviation: 5.518
Simple Random Sample 5-number summary: Minimum=48, Q1=58, Medium=61.5.
Q2=65.5, Max=71.5
Using the same methods as the smoker v. non-smoker, we use systematic and simple
random to choose 40 people from the total population to calculate their height. In the total
population, we can see the total population have the bell shape in bar graph, and regulate box
plot. The result of systematic sample, the shape of the histogram is skewed right, and the box
plot is more horizontal. The result of simple random sample, the shape of the histogram is
skewed left, and the box plot is more vertical.
Categorical Sample: Systematic Population Proportion for Smoker v. Non-Smoker

Level of confidence: 95%
Z-score: 0.025= 1.96

) (

0.0175 < p < 0.1175

Categorical Sample: Simple Random Population Proportion for Smoker v. Non-
Smoker

Level of confidence: 95%
Z-score: 0.0250 = 1.96

) (

17/40 + 0.1532 = 0.5782
17/40 0.1532 = -0.2718
-0.2718< p < 0.5782
Quantitative Sample: Systematic Population Mean for Height

Level of confidence: 95%
Critical Value = 2.0233
(

)
60.025 + 1.9144 = 61.939
60.025 1.9144 = 58.1106
58.1106 < < 61.939

Quantitative Sample: Simple Random Population Mean for Height

Level of confidence: 95%
Critical Value = 2.0233
(

)
61.197 + 1.7733 = 62.9703
61.197 1.7733 = 59.4237
59.4237 < < 62.9703


Quantitative Sample: Systematic Population Standard Deviation for Height

( )

( )

Level of Confidence: 95%
Critical Value: L= 24.433, R= 59.342

()(

()(
)

Quantitative Sample: Simple Random Population Standard Deviation for Height

( )

( )

Level of confidence: 95%
Critical Value: L= 24.433, R= 59.342
Huang 8

()(
)

()(
)

Reflection
First we are calculating for the population proportion for the smokers in the two samples
of systematic and simple random over the total population.
Second we are calculating for the population mean for the height from the two samples,
systematic and simple random that we have chosen, over the total population numbers.
Third, we are calculating for the population standard deviation for the height from the
two samples, systematic and simple random that we have chosen, over the total population
numbers.

Huang 9


Hypothesis Test
Categorical Sample: Simple Random for Smoker v. Non Smoker - That 2.6% of people are
smoker.
Claim:

Test Statistic:

= 0.95
Critical Value:
C.V. =
Conclusion about the Null hypothesis:
Fail to Reject

Conclusion about the claim:
The simple data does not support the claim that the percent of people who are smoker is equal to
2.6%.

Huang 10


Categorical Sample: Systematic for Smoker v. Non Smoker - That 0.3% of people are smoker.
Claim:

Test Statistic:

= 47.999
Critical Value:
C.V. = 1.96
Conclusion about the Null hypothesis:
Reject

Conclusion about the claim:
The simple data does not support the claim that the percent of people who are smoker is equal to
0.3%.

Huang 11


Quantitative Sample: Simple Random & Systematic for Height the true mean of the Height
for the total population is equal to 61.144.
Simple Random:
Claim:

Test Statistic:

= 0.949
Critical Value:
C.V. =
Conclusion for Null Hypothesis:
Fail to reject

Conclusion about the claim:
The simple evidence does not support the claim that the true mean height for the total population
is equal to 60.144.

Huang 12


Systematic:
Claim:

Test Statistic:

= 0.0604
Critical Value:
C.V. =
Conclusion for Null Hypothesis:
Fail to reject

Conclusion about the claim:
The simple evidence does not support the claim that the true mean height for the total population
is equal to 60.144.

Huang 13


Reflection
By doing a hypothesis test for population proportion, I do have all the information for the
testing the hypothesis; first we calculate the test statistic for Z. then we find the critical value
by. By concluding the result of Simple Random sample for smoker v. Non-smoker, we are fail
to reject the null, and the simple evidence do not support the claim that the smoker in total
population do not equal to 2.6%. By testing the hypothesis for Systematic sample from total
population, the result is reject the null, and the simple evidence does not support the claim that
the smoker in total population does not equal to 0.3%. Then we testing the hypothesis for the true
mean of the height in Simple Random sample and Systematic sample, both of the result is to fail
to reject the null, and the simple evidence does not support the claim that the true mean of the
height is either equal to 61.144 inches.


Huang 14


Summary Reflection
In this project, I have learned the steps by making the result for the population survey.
We also need to use different calculation to make a comparison for a correct numbers. First, we
need to make sure that we have the information to do our hypothesis test. So we choosing
systematic and simple random to pick our sample numbers from the total population, then we
graph it. Second we find the mean and standard deviation for each sample to calculate the
probability. Finally, we can do the hypothesis test to make sure the result is correct.
By working on the hypothesis test in this project, I can use this method on the
observations for my biology course or psychology course. It would help me to making the claim
and proving the information to get my final result for the observations. This project helps me a
lot to solve the problems by taking step by step. Every numbers we know must have evidences to
prove for the right. Before I learn statistic, I think the numbers we have on documents was
counting one by one, however, it is not the only way we can do it. We can use systematic choose
or simple random choose to get the sample numbers that may represent to the total population.