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BKG3493 GAS SYSTEM

MATERIALS & COMPONENTS
CHAPTER 1
REVIEW OF GAS SYSTEMS
TOPIC OUTCOMES
At the end of this chapter you should be able to:

i) Explain the overview of gas industry in Malaysia

ii) Differentiate between NG, LPG and LNG supply
chains

iii) Explain the supply pressure and materials used
for transporting NG, LPG and LNG to the users
Worldwide Natural Gas Consumption
An increasing demand for natural gas as
a fuel as well as a feed for
petrochemical and chemicals plants
throughout the world.
Natural gas has played a major role in
meeting energy demand in North
America, Western and Eastern European
countries, and industrialized Asia due to
its availability and environmental
acceptance.
Advantages of using natural gas includes
abundance resources compared to
crude oil, most clean burning, efficient,
economic, etc.
Among the multinational companies in
gas (and oil) industry
Natural Gas Supply Chain
Offshore Exploration and
Production platforms
(Lawit, Jernih, Resak,
Duyong, Bekok, Sotong,
Guntong, and etc)
Gas Processing
Plants (A & B)
City Gate Odorizer Station
District Station
Area Station
Service Station
Subsea
Pipeline
PGU
Line
Feeder
Line
Regulating
Station
Service Station
Distribution
Line
Industrial/
Cogenaration
Commercial
Commercial
Residential
500-1000
psig
260 psig
60 psig
> 29 psig
Supply pressure
dictates the material
used for the pipeline!
LPG Supply Chain/ LPG Reticulation System
LPG Manifold
System
First Stage
Regulator
Second Stage
Regulator
LPG Bulk Storage
(60 to 80 psi)
Residential &
Commercial
Customers
5.0 psi 0.5 psi
LNG Supply Chain
Gas Field
Liquefaction Plant Shipping
Receiving Terminal
+
Re-gasification
Pipeline &
Distribution
Load Centers
Load Centers
Cryogenic condition mainly dictates the
materials used for piping and storage systems!
Gas Utilization Policy in Malaysia
In Peninsular Malaysia, natural gas and LPG are mainly utilized
for meeting continuous domestic demands from
residential/household, commercial and industrial users.
Domestic/household utilizations water heating and boiling,
cooking, drying and etc.
Commercial utilizations restaurants (heating and cooking),
hotels (heating, sauna, Jacuzzi), malls (heating, air
conditioning), and etc.
Industrial utilizations heating, production of steam, power
generations, NGV, feedstock for chemicals productions, and
etc.
In East Malaysia, particularly in Sarawak, natural gas is exported
in the form of LNG.
Peninsular Gas Utilisation (PGU) Project
Owned by Petronas Gas Berhad (PGB)
Started on 1983 and completed on 1999/2000
GPP A (1,2,3 & 4) and GPP B (5 & 6)
3 phases
Phase I from Kertih to Paka and to Kuantan
Phase II from Kuantan to Singapore and Klang (via
Segamat)
Phase III from Klang to Padang Besar
Parallel line act as loop


Gas Processing Plant and Gas Liquefaction
Plant
Produce treated natural gas (sales gas) to meet pipeline
requirements and customers specifications

Involve several processing steps such as gas dehydration, gas
sweetening, gas conditioning, dew point control, and etc.

In LNG production, raw natural gas must be treated to avoid
equipment plugging during liquefaction process.
Gas Processing Plant
GPP Capacity (mmscfd) Gas in
1 250 1984
2 250 1992
3 250 1992
4 250 1994
5 500 1998
6 500 1999
Gas Piping System in Malaysia
Gas Transmission System
Steel pipe with high tensile strength
Pipe diameter ranges from 24 inches to 36 inches
Pressure ranges from 500 psig to 1000 psig (3400-6900
kPa)
Capable of transporting large volume of gas
Comprise large compression station (such as in Segamat)

Gas distribution
Distribute gas to the customers/users
Gas users are from industrial, commercial and residential
System components
City Gates and Odorisation Station
District Station
Service Station
Piping comprises of
Feeder line (steel pipe)
Distribution line (steel pipe or PE pipe)
Service line (steel pipe or copper pipe)
Internal pipe (carbon steel or copper pipe)
Pipe size less than 24 inches
Operated by Gas Malaysia Sdn. Bhd (GMSB)
Gas Piping System in Malaysia
Codes and Standards
(Malaysian) Related
to Piping Materials
MS 930 Code of Standards for the Installation of Gas Piping
System and Appliances

MS 830 Code of Standards for the Storage, Handling and
Transportation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Q & A
LIST DOWN
Characteristics of piped gas

Safety requirements in design,
construction and maintenance of LPG and
NG
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