SPEAKER: Senior Inspector Cessar M. Patrocinio Jr.

FO2 Corpuz






Theme: SUNOG AT SAKUNA AY
PAGHANDAAN,KALIKASAN AY PANGALAGAAN NG
MATAMASA ANG PAGUNLAD NG BAYAN

TOPICS:
1. Specific Objectives of Fire Protection
2. Fire Chemistry and Its Behavior
3. Fire Prevention and Control
4. Fire Safety Tips and Emergency Plan
5. Fire Suppression






All the thieves in the world cannot take all your belongings, but one good FIRE
could raze it to the ground in five minutes time

Specific Objectives of Fire Protection
To prevent fire from starting
To minimize losses if a fire occurs
To eliminate the causes of fire
To confine fire at its point of origin
To save lives and property
To put out the fire

Fire Chemistry and Its Behavior
Fire
- It is a result of a chain reaction from the rapid combination of oxygen, fuel, and heat.
- It naturally occurs when the elements are present and combined in the right mixture,

and a fire can be prevented or extinguished by removing any one of the elements in
the fire triangle.
What are the elements of fire?
Oxygen
Twenty-one percent of the air we breathe is oxygen. Fires require at least
16% oxygen content to burn.
Fuel
This is anything that will burn. It may be in the form of a solid, a flammable
liquid or gaseous state. Solids may be wood, cloth or paper. Examples of
flammable liquids are kerosene, oil and gasoline.
Heat
A heat source is responsible for the initial ignition of fire. Boiling point of a water
is 100C while a fire starts around 300 degrees then grows up to 1,800.
( A human body does not easily burn because we have our own prevention from
the heat waves like sweating and hydration)



What kind of gas does fire produce?
Carbon monoxide
It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, poisonous gas produced by incomplete
burning of carbon-based fuels, including gas, oil, wood and coal. Carbon
monoxide stops a person from thinking and breathing. It prevents the blood
from bringing oxygen to cells, tissues, and organs.
Nitrogen oxide
It is a colorless, sweet-tasting gas. Continued breathing of the vapors makes
you breathe faster and may impair the decision making process.

What is the temperature of the fire?
A fire starts around 300 degrees then may exceed to 1800F. But the temperature
of fire varies greatly depending on what is being burned and under what
conditions.
Why fire is deadly?
Fire is deadly because you can die from breathing smoke and toxic gases. It can
burn human and property.
How fast fire can spread?
A fire will double up every 30 Sec. In as 3 minutes it will turn into a FLASHOVER or
when a room or other area becomes heated to the point where flames flash over the
entire surface or area.
How fire can be dark?
Fire can be dark because it produces black and toxic smoke that can make the place
zero visibility.



What are the stages of fire?
Incipient stage
There is no visible smoke, no flame and very little heat. A significant amount
of invisible combustion particles may be created.
Smoldering stage
There are smoke but no flame and a little heat.
Flame stage
There are smoke and visible flame. More heat and smoke are generated and
travel in an upward direction toward the ceiling.
Heat stage
Uncontrolled spread of superheated air. Large amounts of heat, flame,
smoke and toxic gases are produced.
How fire can spread?
Direct Heat Transfer
This is the transfer of heat from one body to another through direct flame
contact.
Heat Transfer by Radiation
It is the act of radiating or the emission and propagation of radiant heat or
energy. It involves the thermal process whereby the atmospheric circulation is
maintained through the upward or downward transfer of air masses of different
temperature.
Heat Transfer by Conduction
Heat may be conducted from one body to another by direct contact of the two
bodies or by an intervening heat-conducting medium. Transfer of heat from one
molecule to another,
Heat Transfer by Convection
It is the diffusion of heat in liquid or gas form through the motion of its parts. It is
the transfer of heat by the movement of air or liquid.


What are the classification of fire?
Class A
Involve ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber,
and many plastics.
Class B
Involve flammable or combustible liquid greases and gases such as gasoline,
oil, paint and etc.
Class C
Involve energized electrical equipment such as charger, gadgets, appliances,
etc.
Class D
Involve combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium,
and potassium or any other metals that can be burned

Fire Prevention and Control

Safety Programs
Prevent the outbreak of fire
Provide early detection
Smoke Detector/Smoke Alarms
It is a device that detects smoke, typically as an indicator of fire.
Sprinkler System
It is an active fire protection measure, consisting of a water supply system,
providing adequate pressure and flow rate of a water distribution piping system, onto
which fire sprinklers are connected.
Prevent the spread of fire
Provide for prompt extinguishments
Provide for prompt and early evacuation


Fire Safety Tips and Evacuation Plan

Fire safety tips:
Smokers Safety
- If you smoke, smoke outside.
- Wherever you smoke, use deep, sturdy ashtrays.
- Make sure cigarettes and ashes are out.
- Check for cigarette butts.
- Never smoke in a home where oxygen is used.
Electrical Safety
- Check for outlets that have loose-fitting plugs, which can overheat and lead to
fire
- Make sure cords are in good conditionnot frayed or cracked
- Extension cords should only be used on a temporary basis; they are not
intended as permanent household wiring.
- Don't leave plugged-in appliances where they might fall in contact with water
- During an electrical storm, do not use appliances

During a fire
Crawl 2 feet lower than the smoke
Putting out a fire on your body: STOP, DROP, ROLL
Emergency procedures: STOP, THINK, ACT
Fire Escape Plan
Draw an escape plan of your home or inspect the place where you can go
outside easily. Mark two ways out of each room, including windows and doors
Wake up all the members of the family
If windows or doors in your home have security bars, make sure that the bars
have can be opened immediately in an emergency.
Install smoke alarms in every sleeping room, outside each sleeping area and on
every level of the home. And when a smoke alarm sounds, get out immediately.
Never Open Doors that are Hot to the Touch

Once Out, Stay Out
It is important that all family members know the emergency numbers, especially
the fire, police and ambulance contact number.
In escaping on the windows father should go down first then followed by
children, grandparents, mother and nanny if ever you have.

Fire Suppression
Prevent Awareness Detection Response Extinguishment (PADRE)
Parts of Fire Extinguisher

















Safety Pin Lever
Carrying Handle
Hose
Data Plate
Nozzle
Body
Pressure Indicator
Guide


Types of Fire Extinguisher
Water Fire Extinguishers (color red)
The cheapest and most widely used fire extinguishers. Used for Class A fires.
Not suitable for Class B (Liquid) fires, or where electricity is involved.
Foam Fire Extinguishers (color cream)
More expensive than water, but more versatile. Used for Classes A & B fires.
Foam spray extinguishers are not recommended for fires involving electricity, but
are safer than water if inadvertently sprayed onto live electrical apparatus.
Dry Powder Fire Extinguishers (color blue)
Often termed the multi-purpose extinguisher, as it can be used in classes A, B &
C fires. Best for running liquid fires (Class B). Will efficiently extinguish Class C
gas fires
CO2 Fire Extinguishers (color black)
Carbon Dioxide is ideal for fires involving electrical apparatus, and will also
extinguish class B liquid fires

How to use a Fire Extinguisher? (PASS)
Pull the safety pin from the handle.
The pin is located at the top of the fire extinguisher. Once removed, it
releases the locking mechanism, allowing you to discharge the extinguisher.
Aim the extinguisher nozzle or hose at the base of the fire.
As explained, this removes the source or fuel of the fire. Keep yourself low.
Squeeze the handle or lever slowly to discharge the agent.
Letting go of the handle will stop the discharge, so keep it held down.
Sweep side to side approximately 6in or 15cm over the fire until expended.
The sweeping motion helps to extinguish the fire. Stand several feet or meters
back from the fire: fire extinguishers are manufactured for use from a distance.




Guidelines in using a Fire Extinguisher
At least feet away from fire
Check for your own safety before starting to extinguish a fire
Look for your exit points. Ensure that there is a clear exit for immediate escape
should this become necessary
Only a contained fire should be fought using a fire extinguisher
Check the type of extinguisher.
Remember the simple acronym P.A.S.S. to help you use the fire extinguisher
effectively.
Be aware that the typical fire extinguisher will contain around 10 seconds of
extinguishing power. If the room fills with smoke, make a hasty exit
Fire extinguishers should be wall mounted in an accessible place.
Any extinguisher having a shell constructed of copper or brass joined by soft
solder and/or rivets are dangerous
Regular maintenance and inspections of your portable fire extinguishers will
provide assurance that they will operate effectively and safely if they are needed












Group 9 BSA

Leader: Abdul Raman Malambut
Asst. Leader: Joy Angelique Javier
Secretary: Helen Casey Pea

Members:
Sheila Marie Dipolog
May Estamo
Gina Fabia
Gilcer Hontiveros
Jehosaphat Rei Padayao
Bienvenida Andrea Ceres
Gelbertjun Galendez
Geraldine Gonzaga
Kathleen Mendoza