This document summarizes the design of a 42-story, 410-foot tall building in Los Angeles with a core wall structural system. Two designs were performed: Design 1A using prescriptive code provisions, and Design 1B using performance-based seismic design. Design 1B resulted in thicker core walls, larger seismic loads, and more inelastic behavior than Design 1A, but met more stringent acceptance criteria for serviceability and maximum considered earthquake performance. The core wall shear governs wall thickness design and serviceability design governed over wind design.
This document summarizes the design of a 42-story, 410-foot tall building in Los Angeles with a core wall structural system. Two designs were performed: Design 1A using prescriptive code provisions, and Design 1B using performance-based seismic design. Design 1B resulted in thicker core walls, larger seismic loads, and more inelastic behavior than Design 1A, but met more stringent acceptance criteria for serviceability and maximum considered earthquake performance. The core wall shear governs wall thickness design and serviceability design governed over wind design.
This document summarizes the design of a 42-story, 410-foot tall building in Los Angeles with a core wall structural system. Two designs were performed: Design 1A using prescriptive code provisions, and Design 1B using performance-based seismic design. Design 1B resulted in thicker core walls, larger seismic loads, and more inelastic behavior than Design 1A, but met more stringent acceptance criteria for serviceability and maximum considered earthquake performance. The core wall shear governs wall thickness design and serviceability design governed over wind design.
Building #1 J. Andrew Fry John Hooper Ron Klemencic Magnusson Klemencic Associates Building Information ! Located in Los Angeles ! 42-Story ! 410 ft Tall ! 108 ft X 107 ft Plan Dimensions ! Core Wall System ! Approximate Period: 5 Sec Tower Plan Tower and Core Wall Isometric Two Designs Performed ! Design #1A ! Prescriptive provisions of the 2006 IBC ! All prescriptive provisions observed except height limit ! Capacity design principles were not employed Two Designs Performed ! Design #1B ! Performance-Based Seismic Design conforming to the 2008 LATBSDC Seismic Design Criteria, with the following two exceptions: ! 25-year EQ used in Serviceability Analysis ! 2.5 % viscous damping ! Only a limited number of elements allowed to reach 120 % of their capacity ! The minimum base shear waived ! Minimum strength provided by 25-year EQ and Wind Design #1AWind Design Criteria ! Basic Wind Speed: 85 mph ! Exposure: B ! Occupancy Category II: I W = 1.0 ! Topographic Factor (K ZT ): 1.0 Design #1ASeismic Design Criteria ! Occupancy Category II: I e = 1.0 ! Mapped Spectral Accelerations: ! S s = 2.147; S 1 = 0.720 ! Site Class C ! F a = 1.0; F v = 1.3 ! Spectral Response Coefficients: ! S DS = 1.145; S D1 = 0.521 ! Seismic Design Category: D Design #1ASeismic Design Criteria ! Lateral System: ! Building Frame, Special Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls, R = 6 ! T code = 2.55 sec (based on H = 410) ! C s = 0.060 (Eq. 12.86 governs) ! V = 0.85C s W (w/ RSA scaling) ! V = 4,565 kips Design #1AResults ! Core Wall Thickness ! Grade Level 25 = 24 inches ! Level 25 Roof = 21 inches ! Building Modes: ! Mode 1T X = 6.7 Sec ! Mode 2T Y = 4.8 Sec ! Mode 3T Z = 2.6 Sec Design #1AResults ! Shears at Grade: ! Seismic V X = 4,581k V Y = 4,581k ! Wind V X = 2,080k V Y = 2,080k ! Overturning Moment at Grade ! Seismic M Y = 587,000 k-ft M X = 697,000 k-ft ! Wind M Y = 540,000 k-ft M X = 513,000 k-ft
! Maximum Story Drifts: ! ! X = 1.1% ! ! Y = 0.8% Design #1BPerformance Objectives ! 25-yr EQ: ! Serviceability: Structure to remain essentially elastic with only minor damage ! MCE: ! Collapse Prevention: Extensive structural damage; repairs are required and may not be economically feasible Design #1BServiceability Model ! 3-D Model using ETABS ! Elastic RSA ! Model Included Slab Outriggers Design #1BServiceability Acceptance Criteria ! Story Drift Limitation: 0.5 percent ! Coupling Beams Shear: Remain Essentially Elastic ! Core Wall Flexure: Remain elastic ! Core Wall Shear: Remain elastic ! Slab Outriggers: Remain essentially Elastic ! Columns: Remain elastic Design #1BMCE Model ! 3-D model using CSI Perform-3D ! Modeled as inelastic: ! Coupling beams ! Core wall flexural behavior ! Slabbeams ! Modeled as elastic: ! Core wall shear behavior ! Diaphragm slabs ! Columns ! Basement walls ! Model extended to mat Design #1BMCE Acceptance Criteria ! Story Drift: 3 % ! Coupling Beam Rotation: 0.06 radian limit ! Core Wall Reinforcement Axial Strain: ! Tensile strain = 0.05 ! Compression strain = 0.02 ! Core Wall Concrete Axial Strain: Fully Confined Concrete Compression Strain = 0.015 ! Core Wall Shear: Post-Analysis Verification Performed Design #1BSeismic Hazard Spectra Design #1BResults ! Core Wall Thickness ! Grade Level 13 = 28 & 32 inches ! Level 13 Level 31 = 24 inches ! Level 31 Roof = 21 inches ! Building Modes: ! Mode 1--T X = 4.2 Sec ! Mode 2--T Y = 3.1 Sec ! Mode 3--T Z = 1.6 Sec Design #1BServiceability Results Design #1BServiceability Results MCE Results: Building Story Drift MCE Results: Core Wall Shear MCE Results: Core Overturning Moment MCE Results: Coupling Beam Rotations MCE Results: Core Wall Tensile Strains Case Study #1 Observations ! Core wall shear is the governing design parameter & governs wall thickness ! Walls thicker for Design #1B versus #1A ! T #1B = 28-32 at base & 21 at roof ! T #1A = 24 at base & 21 at roof ! Serviceability Design governed over Wind Design ! V Servicability = 5,013 and 6,018 kips ! V Wind Design = 1,816 and 1,918 kips Case Study #1 Observations ! Serviceability Design of #1B larger than Design of #1A ! V #1B = 5,013 and 6,018 kips ! V #1A = 4,581 and 4,581 kips ! MCE Shear Design of #1B larger than Design of #1A ! V #1B = 12,556 and 13,409 kips ! V #1A = 4,581 and 4,581 kips ! Tensile Strains are low, but yielding occurs over height of core wall ! Spectral Matching reduced dispersion in the results