Rebuilding the Nation

Key Questions:
How do should the South be brought back to the
Union?
How will the South be rebuilt after its destruction
during the war?
How will all the newly freed slaves be integrated
into American society?
Which branch of government should control the
process of Reconstruction?
Presidential Plans for
Reconstruction:
Lincoln vs. Johnson
Abraham Lincolns Plan
Once a Southern State
Had 10% of voters took oath of
allegiance to the Union
Ratified the 13
th
amendment
It could rejoin the Union and
send representatives to
Congress
Andrew Johnsons Plan
From Tennessee, a border state
and Vice President to Lincoln
Sympathetic to poor southern
whites.
Pardoned many rebel leaders.
Recognized newly formed state
governments in the South.
Did not support full legal rights for
freedmen
Believed the President to run
Reconstruction
Congress Plan for Reconstruction:
The Radical Republicans
Reconstruction Act 1867
Established military rule over
Confederate States and
Divides the Confederate
States into 5 military districts
Rad. Republicans wanted strict
requirements and punishment
for the South
Bringing Freedmen into
American society.
Freedmans Bureau 1865
Established by Congress.
Helped freedmen with food,
clothing, and medicine.
Searched for lost family
members, made marriages
legal, and dealt with civil
rights issues.
Opened schools for children
and adults
Registered freedmen for
voting
Civil War Amendments: Free Citizens Vote
13
th
Amendment:


14
th
Amendment:


15
th
Amendment:

The Aftermath of Reconstruction:
Did it work?
The New Republican South
Carpetbaggers Northerners who went to Southern
states to be apart of the new state governments
More than 700,000 new freedmen voters
Hiram Rhodes Revels elected Senator from
Mississippi along with 2,ooo other blacks elected
to public office
Republican leaders elected throughout the South
Established schools, hospitals, roads, and
railroads. Banned racial discrimination
Sharecropping: ECONOMIC SLAVERY
Done to keep plantation farming alive
without slavery
Plantation owner would provide the land,
tools, and materials to a freedman to work.
The freedman would give a share of his
crop to the plantation owner as payment
It developed into a new form of oppression
of the freedman Many sharecroppers were
also poor white farmers.
The Ku Klux Klan
Ku Klux Klan- formed
by ex-Confederate
soldiers.
Secret, terrorist
designed to create
fear on African
Americans
Bombing, lynching,
murder, arson, rape,
etc
The Black Codes
Laws passed by Southern States. Based on
older slave laws.
To preserve traditional southern society
despite the abolition of slavery.
Examples:
Illegal for freedmen to hold public office.
Illegal to travel freely, to serve on a juries.
Freedmen without jobs can be fined or
jailed.
Voting Tax and Literacy test before able to
vote.
Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
Congress already wanted
him gone for some time
Congress passed the
Tenure of Office Act which
barred Johnson from firing
is Cabinet
Johnson fired his Sect. of
War and Congress
impeached him
He survived the dismissal
vote by one!
The New South
A modern, industrial South has been born!
Moved away from plantation culture since
slave labor no longer existed.
Northerners came to the South to help
rebuild, put in new rail lines and develop
new industries including cotton and steel
mills.
Urban Industrialization begins