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1

! Common Types of Trusses


! Classification of Coplanar Trusses
! The Method of Joints
! Zero-Force Members
! The Method of Sections
! Compound Trusses
! Complex Trusses
! Space Trusses
Analysis of Statically Determinate
Trusses
2
Common Types of Trusses
gusset plate
Roof Trusses
top cord
roof
purlins
knee brace
bottom
cord
gusset plate
span, 18 - 30 m, typical
bay, 5-6 m typical
3
Howe truss
18 - 30 m
Pratt truss
18 - 30 m
Howe truss
flat roof
Warren truss
flat roof
saw-tooth truss
skylight
Fink truss
> 30 m
three-hinged arch
hangar, gymnasium
4
Bridge Trusses
top cord
deck
sway
bracing
top lateral
bracing
stringers
portal
end post
portal
bracing
panel
floor beam
bottom cord
5
trough Pratt truss
deck Pratt truss
Warren truss
parker truss
(pratt truss with curved chord)
Howe truss
baltimore truss
K truss
6
1. All members are connected at both ends by smooth frictionless pins.
2. All loads are applied at joints (member weight is negligible).
Notes: Centroids of all joint members coincide at the joint.
All members are straight.
All load conditions satisfy Hookes law.
Assumptions for Design
7
Classification of Coplanar Trusses
Simple Trusses
a
b c
d (new joint)
new members
A B
C D
P
C
D
A
B
P
P
A
B
C
8
Compound Trusses
simple truss simple truss
Type 2
simple truss simple truss
Type 1
secondary
simple truss
secondary
simple truss
secondary
simple truss
secondary
simple truss
main simple truss
Type 3
9
Complex Trusses
Determinacy
b + r = 2j statically determinate
b + r > 2j statically indeterminate
In particular, the degree of indeterminacy is specified by the difference in the
numbers (b + r) - 2j.
10
Stability
b + r < 2j unstable
b + r 2j unstable if truss support reactions are concurrent or parallel
or if some of the components of the truss form a collapsible
mechanism
!
External Unstable
Unstable-parallel reactions
Unstable-concurrent reactions
11
A B
C
D E
F
O
Internal Unstable
8 + 3 = 11 < 2(6)
AD, BE, and CF are concurrent at point O
12
Example 3-1
Classify each of the trusses in the figure below as stable, unstable, statically
determinate, or statically indeterminate. The trusses are subjected to arbitrary
external loadings that are assumed to be known and can act anywhere on the
trusses.
13
SOLUTION
Externally stable, since the reactions are not concurrent or parallel. Since b = 19,
r = 3, j = 11, then b + r = 2j or 22 = 22. Therefore, the truss is statically determinate.
By inspection the truss is internally stable.
Externally stable. Since b = 15, r = 4, j = 9, then b + r > 2j or 19 > 18. The truss
is statically indeterminate to the first degree. By inspection the truss is internally
stable.
14
Externally stable. Since b = 9, r = 3, j = 6, then b + r = 2j or 12 = 12. The truss is
statically determinate. By inspection the truss is internally stable.
Externally stable. Since b = 12, r = 3, j = 8, then b + r < 2j or 15 < 16. The truss
is internally unstable.
15
2 m
2 m
500 N
45
o
A
B
C
The Method of Joints
C
y
= 500 N
F
BA
F
BC
500 N
B
45
o
Joint B
x
y
"F
x
= 0:
+
500 - F
BC
sin45
o
= 0
F
BC
= 707 N (C)
"F
y
= 0:
+
- F
BA
+ F
BC
cos45
o
= 0
F
BA
= 500 N (T)
A
x
= 500 N
A
y
= 500 N
16
2 m
2 m
500 N
45
o
A
B
C
C
y
= 500 N
A
x
= 500 N
A
y
= 500 N
F
AC
"F
x
= 0:
+
500 - F
AC
= 0
F
AC
= 500 N (T)
Joint A
500 N
500 N
500 N
17
Zero-Force Members
D
x
D
y
E
y
C
F
CD
F
CB
"F
x
= 0: F
CB
= 0
+
"F
y
= 0: F
CD
= 0
+
F
AE
F
AB
A
#
"F
y
= 0: F
AB
sin# = 0, F
AB
= 0
+
"F
x
= 0: F
AE
+ 0 = 0, F
AE
= 0
+
0
0
0
0
P
A
B
C
D
E
18
Example 3-4
Using the method of joints, indicate all the members of the truss shown in the
figure below that have zero force.
P
A B
C
D
E
F
G
H
19
P
A B
C
D
E
F
G
H
SOLUTION
Joint D
"F
y
= 0:
+ F
DC
sin# = 0, F
DC
= 0
"F
x
= 0:
+
F
DE
+ 0 = 0, F
DE
= 0
0
F
EC
F
EF
P
E
F
EF
= 0
"F
x
= 0:
+
Joint E
A
x
A
x
G
x
0
0
0
x
y
D
#
F
DC
F
DE
20
Joint H
"F
y
= 0:
+
F
HB
= 0
A
x
A
x
G
x
Joint G
"F
y
= 0:
+ F
GA
= 0
0
0
0 0
0
F
HF
F
HA
F
HB
x
y
H
G
G
x F
GF
F
GA
P
A B
C
D
E
F
G
H
21
2 kN
2 kN
2 kN
A
B
C
D
E
F
1 kN
G H I J K
5@3m = 15 m
5 m
Example 3-5
Determine all the member forces
Identify zero-force members
22
2 kN
2 kN
2 kN
A
B
C
D
E
F
1 kN
G H I J K
5@3m = 15 m
5 m
SOLUTION
r + b = 2j,
4 18 2(11)
Determinate
Stable
+ "M
A
= 0: 0 ) 12 ( 1 ) 9 ( 2 ) 6 ( 2 ) 3 ( 2 ) 5 ( % & & & &
x
K
K
x
= 7.6 kN,
"F
x
= 0:
+
, 0 6 . 7 % ' &
x
A
A
x
= 7.6 kN,
"F
y
= 0:
+
, 0 1 2 2 2 % & & & &
y
A
A
y
= 7 kN,
K
y
K
x
A
y
A
x
0
Use method of joints
23
2 kN
2 kN
2 kN
A
B
C
D
E
F
1 kN
G H I J K
5@3m = 15 m
5 m
0
7 kN
7.6 kN
7.6 kN
F
x
y
#
0
0
Joint F
F
FE

F
FG

"F
x
= 0:
+
F
FG
= 0
"F
y
= 0:
+
0 sin % #
FE
F
F
FE
= 0
Use method of joint
24
2 kN
2 kN
2 kN
A
B
C
D
E
F
1 kN
G H I J K
5@3m = 15 m
5 m
0
7 kN
7.6 kN
7.6 kN
0
0
"F
x
= 0:
+
-F
ED
= 0
"F
y
= 0:
+
0 cos % #
EG
F
F
EG
= 0
y
E
x
#
F
ED
0
F
EG

Joint E
25
2 kN
2 kN
2 kN
A
B
C
D
E
F
1 kN
G H I J K
5@3m = 15 m
5 m
0
7 kN
7.6 kN
7.6 kN 0
0
"F
x
= 0:
+
F
HG
= 1.5 kN (T)
"F
y
= 0:
+
0 1 69 . 33 sin % &
o
DG
F
F
DG
= 1.803 kN (C)
Joint G
F
HG

F
DG

0
1 kN
G
x
y
0
33.69
o
o
69 . 33 )
3
2
( tan
1
% %
&
#
#
0 69 . 33 cos 803 . 1 % ' &
HG
F
26
2 kN
2 kN
2 kN
A
B
C
D
E
F
1 kN
G H I J K
5@3m = 15 m
5 m
0
7 kN
7.6 kN
7.6 kN
0
F
HI

Joint H
H
x
y
1.5 kN
F
HD
"F
y
= 0:
+
F
HD
= 0
"F
x
= 0:
+
F
HI
= 1.5 kN (T)
0 5 . 1 % ' &
HI
F
0
0
0
27
33.69
o
I
2 kN
D
E
F
1 kN
G H
3 m 3 m 3 m
Use method of sections
F
HI
F
DC
F
DI
18.44
o
+ "M
D
= 0: 0 ) 3 ( 1 ) 2 ( % &
HI
F
F
HI
= 1.5 kN (T)
+ "M
F
= 0: 0 ) 6 ( 2 ) 3 ( 1 ) 9 ( 69 . 33 sin % ' ' &
DI
F
F
DI
= 3 kN (T)
+ "M
I
= 0: 0 ) 3 ( 2 ) 6 ( 1 ) 9 ( 44 . 18 sin % & & &
DC
F
F
DC
= -4.25 kN (C)
Check :
0 1 2 44 . 18 sin 69 . 33 sin % & & &
DC DI
F F
O.K.
"F
y
= 0:
+
3 -4.25
28
C
The Method of Sections
E
x
D
x
D
y
a
a
100 N
A
B
G
2 m
45
o
F
GF
F
GC
F
BC
+ "M
G
% ()
100(2) - F
BC
(2) = 0
F
BC
= 100 N (T)
"F
y
= 0:
+
-100 + F
GC
sin45
o
= 0
F
GC
= 141.42 N (T)
+ "M
C
% ()
100(4) - F
GF
(2) = 0
F
GF
= 200 N (C)
100 N
A
B C
D
E
F
G
2 m
2 m 2 m 2 m
29
2 kN
2 kN
2 kN
A
B
C
D
E
F
1 kN
G H I J K
5@3m = 15 m
5 m
Example 3-6
Determine member force CD, ID, and IH
30
33.69
o
I
2 kN
D
E
F
1 kN
G H
3 m 3 m 3 m
Use method of sections
F
HI
F
DC
F
DI
18.44
o
+ "M
D
= 0: 0 ) 3 ( 1 ) 2 ( % &
HI
F
F
HI
= 1.5 kN (T)
+ "M
F
= 0: 0 ) 6 ( 2 ) 3 ( 1 ) 9 ( 69 . 33 sin % ' ' &
DI
F
F
DI
= 3 kN (T)
+ "M
I
= 0: 0 ) 3 ( 2 ) 6 ( 1 ) 9 ( 44 . 18 sin % & & &
DC
F
F
DC
= -4.25 kN (C)
Check :
0 1 2 44 . 18 sin 69 . 33 sin % & & &
DC DI
F F
O.K.
"F
y
= 0:
+
3 -4.25
SOLUTION
+1.50E+00
-4.22E+00
3.00E+00
31
Example 3-7
Determine the force in members GF and GD of the truss shown in the figure
below. State whether the members are in tension or compression. The reactions at
the supports have been calculated.
6 kN 8 kN 2 kN
A
x
= 0
A
y
= 9 kN
E
y
= 7 kN
A
B C D
E
F
G
H
3 m 3 m 3 m 3 m
3 m
4.5 m
32
A
x
= 0
A
y
= 9 kN
SOLUTION
a
a
+ "M
D
% ()
F
FG
sin26.6
o
(3.6) + 7(3) = 0,
F
FG
= -17.83 kN (C)
+ "M
O
% ()
- 7(3) + 2(6) + F
DG
sin56.3
o
(6) = 0,
F
DG
= 1.80 kN (C)
6 kN 8 kN 2 kN
E
y
= 7 kN
A
B C D
E
F
G
H
3 m 3 m 3 m 3 m
3 m
4.5 m
2 kN
E
y
= 7 kN
D
E
F
Section a-a
3 m
F
FG
F
DG
F
DC
3 m
26.6
o
O
26.6
o
56.3
o
33
Example 3-8
Determine the force in members BC and MC of the K-truss shown in the figure
below. State whether the members are in tension or compression. The reactions at
the supports have been calculated.
A
B
C
D E F
G
H I J K L
M N
O
P
6 kN 6 kN
8 kN
7 kN
13 kN
0
3 m
3 m
5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m
34
SOLUTION
a
a
Section a-a
A
B
L
6 kN
13 kN
5 m
6 m
F
LK
F
BM
F
LM
F
BC
+ "M
L
% ()
F
BC
(6) - 13(5) = 0,
F
BC
= 10 kN (T)
A
B
C
D E F
G
H I J K L
M N
O
P
6 kN 6 kN
8 kN
7 kN
13 kN
0
3 m
3 m
5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m
35
b
b
F
KL
F
KM
F
CM
10 kN
+ "M
K
% () -F
CM
cos31
o
(6) - 10(6) - 8(5) + 7(20) = 0
F
CM
= 7.77 kN (T)
31
o
A
B
C
D E F
G
H I J K L
M N
O
P
6 kN 6 kN
8 kN
7 kN
13 kN
0
3 m
3 m
5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m
C
D E F
G
H I J K
N
O
P
6 kN
8 kN
7 kN
3 m
3 m
5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m
36
Compound Trusses
Procedure for Analysis
Step 1. Identify the simple trusses
Step 2. Obtain external loading
Step 3. Solve for simple trusses separately
37
Example 3-9
Indicate how to analyze the compound truss shown in the figure below. The
reactions at the supports have been calculated.
A
B
4 kN 2 kN 4 kN
C D
4 m
2 m
2 m
E
y
= 5 kN
A
y
= 5 kN
A
y
= 0
I
H
J
K
F
E
G
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
38
SOLUTION
a
a
C
F
HG
F
BC
F
JC
4 sin60
o
m
A
B
4 kN
A
y
= 5 kN
I
H
J
2 m 2 m
+ "M
C
% ()
-5(4) + 4(2) + F
HG
(4sin60
o
) = 0
F
HG
= 3.46 kN (C)
A
B
4 kN 2 kN 4 kN
C D
4 m
2 m
2 m
E
y
= 5 kN
A
y
= 5 kN
A
y
= 0
I
H
J
K
F
E
G
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
39
A
B
4 kN 2 kN
C
A
y
= 5 kN
I
H
J
2 m 2 m
4 sin60
o
m
3.46 kN
+ "M
A
% ()
3.46(4sin60
o
) + F
CK
sin60
o
(4) - 4(2) - 2(4) = 0
F
CK
= 1.16 kN (T)
F
CK
F
CD
60
o
"F
x
= 0:
+
-3.46 + 1.16cos60
o
+ F
CD
= 0
F
CK
= 2.88 kN (T)
A
B
4 kN 2 kN 4 kN
C D
4 m
2 m
2 m
E
y
= 5 kN
A
y
= 5 kN
A
y
= 0
I
H
J
K
F
E
G
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
40
A
B
4 kN 2 kN
C
A
y
= 5 kN
I
H
J
2 m 2 m
4 sin60
o
m
3.46 kN
F
CK
= 1.16
2.88 kN
60
o
Using the method of joints.
Joint A : Determine F
AB
and F
AI
Joint H : Determine F
HI
and F
HJ
Joint I : Determine F
IJ
and F
IB
Joint B : Determine F
BC
and F
BJ
Joint J : Determine F
JC
A
B
4 kN 2 kN 4 kN
C D
4 m
2 m
2 m
E
y
= 5 kN
A
y
= 5 kN
A
y
= 0
I
H
J
K
F
E
G
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
41
Example 3-10
Indicate how to analyze the compound truss shown in the fugure below. The
reactions at the supports have been calculated.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
45
o
45
o
45
o
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
2

m
15 kN
15 kN
A
y
= 15 kN
A
x
= 0 kN
F
y
= 15 kN
4 m
42
SOLUTION
a
a
+ "M
B
% ()
-15(2) - F
DG
(2 sin45
o
) - F
CE
cos45
o
(4)
- F
CE
sin45
o
(2) = 0 -----(1)
"F
y
= 0:
+
15 - 15 + F
BH
sin45
o
- F
CE
sin45
o
= 0
F
BH
= F
CE
-----(2)
"F
x
= 0:
+
F
CE
F
BH
F
DG
A
B
C
D
45
o
45
o
2 m 2 m
2

m
15 kN
A
y
= 15 kN
4 m
45
o
2 sin 45
o
m
F
BH
cos45
o
+ F
DG
+

F
CE
cos45
o
= 0 -----(3)
From eq.(1)-(3): F
BH
= F
CE
= -13.38 kN (C)
F
DG
= 18.92 kN (T)
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
45
o
45
o
45
o
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
2

m
15 kN
15 kN
A
y
= 15 kN
A
x
= 0 kN
F
y
= 15 kN
4 m
43
From eq.(1)-(3): F
BH
= F
CE
= -13.38 kN (C)
F
DG
= 18.92 kN (T)
Analysis of each connected simple truss
can now be performed using the method of
joints.
Joint A : Determine F
AB
and F
AD
Joint D : Determine F
DC
and F
DB
Joint C : Determine F
CB
a
a
A
B
C
D
45
o
45
o
2 m 2 m
2

m
15 kN
A
y
= 15 kN
4 m
45
o
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
45
o
45
o
45
o
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
2

m
15 kN
15 kN
A
y
= 15 kN
A
x
= 0 kN
F
y
= 15 kN
4 m
F
CE
F
BH
F
DG
44
Example 3-11
Indicate how to analyze the symmetrical compound truss shown in the figure
below. The reactions at the supports have been calculated.
5 kN
3 kN
3 kN
A
C
E
B
F
D
G
H
45
o
45
o
A
y
= 4.62 kN
A
x
= 0 kN
F
y
= 4.62 kN
6 m 6 m
5
o
5
o
5
o
5
o
45
3 kN
C
E
D
H
1.5 kN
1.5 kN
F
EC
F
EC
1.5 kN
1.5 kN
3 kN
E
F
G
A
F
AE
F
AE
5 kN
3 kN
3 kN
A
C
E
B
F
D
G
H
45
o
45
o
A
y
= 4.62 kN
A
x
= 0 kN
F
y
= 4.62 kN
6 m 6 m
5
o
5
o
5
o
5
o
46
1.5 kN
5 kN
45
o
45
o
4.62 kN
4.62 kN
1.5 kN
1.5 kN
A
B
C
45
o
45
o
1.5 kN
E
"F
y
= 0:
+
4.62 - 1.5sin45
o
- F
AE
sin45
o
= 0
F
AE
= 5.03 kN (C)
"F
x
= 0:
+
1.5cos45
o
- 5.03cos45
o
+ F
AB
= 0
F
AB
= 2.50 kN (T)
45
o
4.62 kN
A
1.5 kN
45
o
F
AE
F
AB
5 kN
3 kN
3 kN
A
C
E
B
F
D
G
H
45
o
45
o
A
y
= 4.62 kN
A
x
= 0 kN
F
y
= 4.62 kN
6 m 6 m
5
o
5
o
5
o
5
o
47
1
1
Complex Trusses
+
=
X x
F
EC
+ x f
EC
= 0
x

=
F
EC
f
EC
r + b = 2j,
3 9 2(6)
Determinate
Stable
F
EC
= F
AD
F
AD
f
EC
F
i
= F
i
+ x f
i
P
A
B
C
D
F
E
P
A
B
C
D
F
E
P
A
B
C
D
F
E
48
Example 3-12
Determine the force in each member of the complex truss shown in the figure
below. Assume joints B, F, and D are on the same horizontal line. State whether
the members are in tension or compression.
45
o
45
o
20 kN
A
B
C
D
E
F
1 m
1 m
2.5 m
0.25 m
49
SOLUTION
+
=
x
F'
BD
+ x f
BD
= 0
x

=
F'
BD
f
BD
F
i
= F'
i
+ x f
i
45
o
45
o
20 kN
A
B
C
D
E
F
45
o
45
o
A
B
C
D
E
F
1 kN
45
o
45
o
20 kN
A
B
C
D
E
F
1 m
1 m
2.5 m
0.25 m
50
x
45
o
45
o
20 kN
A
B
C
D
E
F
+
45
o
45
o
A
B
C
D
E
F
1 kN
-
0
.
7
0
7
-
0
.
7
0
7
0
.
7
0
7
-
0
.
5
3
9
-0.3
-
0
.
5
3
9
1
-0.3
0
.
7
0
7
1
4
.
1
4
-
1
4
.
1
4
0
0
0
-18
2
1
.
5
4
-10
+10
10
0 ) 1 ( 10
0
%
% ' &
% '
x
x
xf F
BD BD
First determine reactions and next use the method of joint, start at join C, F, E, D, and B.
20 kN
(20x2.25)/2.5 = 18 kN
18 kN
0
0
0
45
o
45
o
20 kN
A
B
C
D
E
F
1 m
1 m
2.5 m
0.25 m
7
.
0
7
7
.
0
7
-
2
1
.
2
1
7
.
0
7
-
5
.
3
9
-21
1
6
.
1
5
7
10
20 kN
18 kN
18 kN
1 m
1 m
2.5 m
0.25 m
51
Space Trusses
P
b + r < 3j unstable truss
b + r = 3j statically determinate-check stability
!
b + r 3j statically determinate-check stability
Determinacy and Stability
52
x
y
z
y
z
x
y
z
x
z
x
y
x
y
z
F
y
F
z
F
z
F
x
F
x
F
z
F
y
short link
y
x
z
roller
z
x
y
slotted roller
constrained
in a cylinder
y
z
x
ball-and -socket
53
x
y
z
l
F
B
A
z F
x
F
y
F
z
x
y
2 2 2
z y x l ' ' %
) (
l
x
F F
x
% ) (
l
y
F F
y
% ) (
l
z
F F
z
%
2 2 2
z y x
F F F F ' ' %
x, y, z, Force Components.
Zero-Force Members
"F
z
= 0 , F
D
= 0
F
D
F
A
= 0
F
B
F
C
= 0
A
B
B
D
x
y
z
Case 2 Case 1
F
D
F
A
F
B
F
C
A
B
C
D
x
y
z
"F
z
= 0 , F
B
= 0
"F
y
= 0 , F
D
= 0
54
Example 3-13
Determine the force in each member of the space truss shown in the figure below.
The truss is supported by a ball-and-socket joint at A, a slotted roller joint at B,
and a cable at C.
2.67 kN
1.22 m
1.22 m
2.44 m
2.44 m
A
B
C
D
E
x
y
z
55
SOLUTION
C
y
B
y
B
x
A
z
A
x
A
y
The truss is statically determinate since b + r = 3j or 9 + 6 = 3(5)
"M
z
% () C
y
= 0 kN
"M
x
% () B
y
(2.44) - 2.67(2.44) = 0 B
y
= 2.67 kN
"M
y
% () -2.67(1.22) + B
x
(2.44) = 0 B
x
= 1.34 kN
"F
x
= 0: -A
x
+ 1.34 = 0 A
x
= 1.34 kN
"F
z
= 0: A
z
- 2.67 = 0 A
z
= 2.67 kN
"F
y
= 0: A
y
- 2.67 = 0 A
y
= 2.67 kN
2.67 kN
1.22 m
2.44 m
2.44 m
B
C
D
E
x
y
z
56
B
y
B
x
A
z
A
x
A
y
2.67 kN
1.22 m
2.44 m
2.44 m
B
C
D
E
x
y
z
Joint D.
"F
Z
= 0: F
DC
= 0
2.73 m
3
.
6
6

m
"F
Y
= 0: F
DE
= 0
0
z
x
y
0
F
DE
F
DC
D
Joint C.
z
x
y
0
0
0
0
F
CE
C
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
"F
x
= 0: F
DA
= 0
"F
y
= 0: F
CE
= 0
"F
x
= 0: F
CB
= 0
"F
z
= 0: F
CA
= 0
57
B
y
B
x
A
z
A
x
A
y
2.67 kN
1.22 m
2.44 m
2.44 m
B
C
D
E
x
y
z
2.73 m
3
.
6
6

m
0
2.67 kN
1.34 kN
B
z
F
BA
F
BE
F
BC
x
y
Joint B.
"F
y
= 0: - 2.67 + F
BE
(2.44/3.66) = 0 F
BE
= 4 kN (T)
"F
z
= 0: F
BA
- 4(2.44/3.66) = 0 F
BA
= 2.67 kN (C)
"F
x
= 0: 1.34 - F
BC
-4(1.22/3.66) = 0 F
BC
= 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
58
B
y
B
x
A
z
A
x
A
y
2.67 kN
1.22 m
2.44 m
2.44 m
B
C
D
E
x
y
z
2.73 m
3
.
6
6

m
0
2.67 kN
A
z
x
y
2.67 kN
1.34 kN
2.67 kN
F
AC
F
AD
F
AE
45
o
2
1
"F
y
= 0: - F
AE
(
5
2
) + 2.67 = 0 F
AE
= 2.99 kN (C)
"F
z
= 0: - 1.34 + F
AD
+ 2.99(
5
1
) = 0 F
AD
= 0, OK
Joint A.
"F
z
= 0: 2.67 - 2.67 - F
AC
sin45
o
= 0 F
AC
= 0, OK
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

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