Channel p.

11 Described as the medium through which messages are exchanged (phones, e-

email)
Channels can be used in forms of e-mails, and the use of phones
We use channels in order to get our messages across from the sender and receiever aspect

Feedback p.8 Verbal or nonverbal messages that indicate a response to the previous message
Feedback is a term that is used by the reciever
Once the sender has sent the message to the reciever it is up to the receiver to interpret
what has been said

Co-culture p.31 Used to describe the perception of membership in a group that is part of an
encompassing colture. (Age / Race/ Nationality/ Religion)
Co- cultures are used to describe a groups age race nationality or religion
This is done in order to analyze a groups culture

Individualistic Culture p.38-39 A culture in which people view their primary responsibility as
helping themselves
These cultured are characterized as self-reliant and competitive
These cultures are found more-so in Western atmospheres where individualism is
prominent

Self Identity or Image Management p.82-83 Instant messaging and e-mail for example appear
to lack the richness of other channels. They dont convey the tone of your voice postures gestures
or facial expressions. What is missing in mediated messages can actually be an advantage for
communicators who want to manage the impressions they make
Image management can be done through emails and instant messaging, in order to
decipher what is to be said and not said
This is because a persons tone of voice and facial gestures cannot be examined because
of the mediated messaging
This allows for persons to manage how they appear to others

Cognitive conservatism p.73 The tendency to seek out information that conforms to an existing
self-concept and to ignore information that contradicts it.(People with unnecessarily negative self
esteem can become their own worst enemies denying themselves the validation they deserve and
need to enjoy satisfying relationships)
When people change aspects in their life such as obtaining better grades or working
harder, they may not notice these changes and conform with the idea that they are still
slackers
This is because these people are used to what they know and do not want to conform to
their newly acquired traits

Cognitive Complexity p.24- The ability to construct a variety of frameworks for viewing an
issue(The more ways you have to understand others and interpret their behaviors the greater is
the likelihood that you can see and communicate about the world from their perspective)

Transactional Model p.8-12 The dynamic process in which communicators create meaning
together through interaction
a teacher explaining a difficult concept to a student after class
Because it is impossible to distinguish sender from receiver, our communication model
replaces these roles with the more accurate term communicator
People are simultaneously senders and recievers who exchange multiple messages
The mutual influence that occurs when we interact, communication is not something we
do to to others, rather it is an activity we do with themselves
Communication depends on the behavior of a partner (A dancer who does not consider
and adapt to the skill level of his or her partner can make both of them look bad
Relational communcication is a unique creation that arises out of the way in which
partners interact the way you dance probably varies from one partner to another
because of its cooperative transactional nature
Psychologist Kenneth Gergen (1991) captures the transactional nature of communication
well when he points out how our success depends on interaction with others. As he says
one cannot be attractive without others who are attracted, a leader without others willing
to follow or a loving person without others to affirm with apprecaiation. p.12

Ethnocentrism p.49 An attitude that ones own culture is superior to that of others. An
ethnocentric person thinks either privately or openly that anyone who does not belong to his or
her ingroup is somehow strange wrong or even inferiror
When we venture into other cultures people might find their practices unbecoming
because of culture shock and find others practices to be strange
This is because members of the culture are not used to seeing anything else

Prejudice p.50 An unfairly biased and intolerant attitude toward others who belong to an out-
group
An important element of prejudice is stereotyping or stereotypical prejudices that include
the obvious exaggerations that all woman are emotional, all men are sex-crazed and
insensitive goons
- This is because some people have a tendency to prejudge others within a culture

Self- Disclosure The process of deliberately revealing information about oneself that is
significant and that would not normally be known by others

Computer Mediated Communication Communication that occurs via computerized channels.
Instant messaging computer referencing.

Noise p.10 External, physiological and psychological distractions that interefere with the
accurate transmission and reception of a message (Anything that interferes with the transmission
and reception of a message
External noise includes those factors outside the reciever that make it difficult to hear
Physiologiocal noise involves biological factors in the receiver that intereferes with
accurate reception (hearing loss, illness, and so on.)
Psychological noise refers to cognitive factors that make communication less effective
( A woman who hears the word gal may become so irritated that she has trouble listening
objectively to the rest of a speakers message.)

Out-groups/In groups p.31 A group that an individual sees as different from herself or himself

Achievement Culture p.41 A culture that places a high value on the achievement of material
success and a focus on the task at hand. Also termed masculine culture(In achievement
cultures which emphasize outperforming others those who see themselves as highly capable
feel more empowered to voice their opinions, and are satisfied when they can do so)
This is seen in cultures that are focused in outperforming other cultures, these groups see
themselves as highly capable and feel more empowered to voice their opnions and are
satisfied when they can do so
This is because members within these groups feel worth when they are able to
accomplish feats that others cannot

Self-concept p.66-77 The relatively stable set of perceptions each individual holds of herself or
himself (One way to understand self concept is to imagine a special mirror that not only reflects
physical features, but also allows you to view other aspects of yourself-emotional states, taltents,
likes, dislikes, values, roles and so on
Who a person is on the inside and on the outside
This allows a person to come to the reality of who they believe they are as a person

Perceived self-concept p.78 The person we believe ourselves to be in moments of candor. It
may be identical with or different from the presenting and desired selves( May not be accurate in
every respect)
This can be described as who a person believes they are whether it be seen this way by
others or not
This allows a person to strive for their goals

Significant Other p.69-71 A person whose opinion is important enough to affect ones self
concept strongely. (Messages from parents or course are an early and important influence on the
self- concept.
This can be a person who has exerted strong influence on who the person has come to be
or who has aided in a persons decision making process
These persons have exerted their opinions on a specific person in order to guide them in
finding their values and beliefs