77

Bayrakli Mosque (Al-Fti Mosque), Pe/Pej

The mosque was probably
built in the second half of the
15
th
century by Sultan
Mehmet al-Fatih and was
subsequently restored and
reconstructed. It has recently
been renovated with Italian
funds.
It is known by the inhabitants
under the name of Bayrakli
(The Flag Holder) Mosque.
It was burnt in June 1999.
Entrance Portico
Ayverdi - Ottoman Architectural
Works in Europe, 1981
North
eastern faade
(2003)
Description
The mosque consists of the praying hall and the
portico. The latter is composed of three
compartments covered by shallow dome with
pendentives in the corners, resting on circular
arches carried by stone pillars.
The square praying hall is about 12 x 12m, 13m
high and the wall thickness is about 1.25m . The
mezzanine is about 2m from the floor level. The
stone segmental arched entrance leads to the
praying hall.
Coloured painted squinch and spandrels (2003)
On each side of the lower cubic structure, four windows in two
rows are arranged. In the upper part of the wall, a circular
arched window is in the middle.
The transition from the square plan to the circular plan of the
upper dome is created by squinches in the corners. From
outside the dome is octagonal. In the lower zone of the dome
there are eight small circular arched windows.
From inside the mosque is plastered and decorated with
different floral patterns. The mezzanine floor is supported by
short columns with small circular arches.
Mihrab, Minbar and Dome
Ayverdi - Ottoman Architectural Works
in Europe, 1981
78
The arch spandrels are richly decorated. From side the walls are plastered and painted. The
roofs are covered by new lead sheets.
Dome apex decorated with painted floral patterns
(2003)
Decorated spandrels with floral patterns
(2003)
Bayrakli Mosque -Dome decorated with
painted medallions with floral patterns
(2003)
Bayrakli Mosque - Stone Minbar
(2003)
79
The minaret probably belongs to an early mosque as the level of the minaret entrance is about
1m lower than the level of the mosques flooring; excavations made by the Italian company
that did the restoration work showed an elder flooring. The lower part of the minaret is
constructed of alternative courses only. The first storey ends by a circular balcony. The
second short storey is ended by the traditional conical structure covered with lead.
The cost of the recent restoration can be considered as a base for the estimation costs of other
similar buildings.
Bayrakli Mosque-Entrance,engraved stone
(2003)
Bayrakli Mosque Main entrance
(2003)
Bayrakli Mosque Podium
Ayverdi - Ottoman Architectural Works in Europe,
1981
Bayrakli Mosque Podium
(2003)
80
Hadum (Khadim) Mosque, Djakovica/Yakova
The Mosque was founded by Khadim Agha and was probably built in the late 16
th
century. In
the city, the Hadum Mosque is the only one with a dome. It is situated in the old market
quarter and was a part of a unique architectural ensemble consisting of a high school, a
primary school and a library. This ensemble was completely destroyed in 1999.
Description
The mosque consists of the portico and the
praying hall. The portico is composed of
three compartments covered with shallow
domes and carried by pointed arches. These
are made of bricks and rest on columns.
Capitals are well cut stalactites. The semi-
circular entrance is in the middle of the
portico rear wall. To the right and to the left
there is a rectangular window.
North Portico- entrance (2003)
The rear wall of the Mosque is plastered and
decorated with vegetal convolutions and
arabesques. Each window has an iron
lattice.
South East faade (2003)
North Eastern Faade (2003)
The praying hall has a square plan of 12,3 x 12,3 m. It is about 12,5m high and is covered by
a dome supported on squinches carried on engaged pillars. The walls and pillars are built of
well dressed ashlar stone with fine joints.
81
colored painted decoration on
the dome transition zone (2003)
Qibla wall with the mihrb
niche (2003)
Mosque plan
The interior of the mosque is plastered and overwhelmed by coloured painting decorations
with vegetal convolutions and arabesques; stylised flowers in vases are all over the area of the
dome, arches and framing the windows. The arch spandrels as well as the middle surface of
the squinches are decorated with medallions filled with calligraphies (Gods appeals). The
locations of the engaged pillars are emphasized by special painted floral motives.
In the middle of the Qibla wall is the deep recessed pointed
mihrab; to the right of it stands the wood decorated minbar.
In the lower part of the other walls there are two windows
with iron lattice and decorated wooden and glass shutters.
In the upper part of the wall, in the middle between the two
rectangular windows, there is a pointed window with a rest
of gypsum lattice in geometric and floral patterns with glass
shutters.
A Quran fires (sure 2, verse 255) separates the lower cubic
structure from the dome which has no windows in the lower
part.
Interior of the Mosque Minbar
(2003)
82
The minaret has a square stool at the height of the mosque;
the upper part of the cubic stool is tapered to adjust with
circular high first storey, which ends with the circular
balcony. The second circular storey with the conical ending
has been fallen down in 1999.
Present condition
Dampness, caused by water rain infiltration and surface
water, has caused the detachment of plaster in the dome
internal surface as well as in the internal wall surfaces of the
praying hall. Rusted iron lattice as well as salt efflorescence
had caused stone deterioration. The stones also show
chemical and physical weathering.
Minaret (2003)
Recommended measures
The intradox of the lintels of the lower windows need restoration. Wooden shutters and
wooden flooring of the podium need repair works. The flooring of the portico needs to be
completed and conserved. The stones should be desalinated and consolidated. Measures
should be taken to prevent the rising dampness by capillary action and to prevent the
detachment of the painted plaster. This unique building needs an accurate photogrammetric
documentation and visual drawings of stone deterioration. A long- term maintenance program
is recommended.
Estimated costs
285.000 for architectural documentation, structure assessment, diagnostic study and
conservation work.
.
83
Hadum (Khadim) Mosque
Bashksia Islame e Kosovs -Pristin 2000
Hadum (Khadim) Mosque, Entrance
Porch
Bashksia Islame e Kosovs -Pristin 2000
Hadum (Khadim) Mosque
Entrance Porch and Minaret (2003)
Hadum (Khadim) Mosque
North East Faade (2003)
84
Hadum (Khadim) Mosque,
Squinch decorated with floral pattern
(2003)
Hadum (Khadim) Mosque, Coloured
decoration on the engaged pillar (2003)
Hadum (Khadim) Mosque
Sulaiman al-Afri, God may forgive him,
Date of restoration 1260H./1844 AD
(2003)
85
Hadum (Khadim) Mosque, Stone deterioration,
Fine joints, well dressed ashlar stone; Bad plastic repair (2003)
Hadum (Khadim) Mosque, Stone deterioration-Pitting (2003)
86
Jasr (Yar) Pasha Mosque, Pritina
According to the inscription inside the mosque, the
building was founded by Yashr Mehmet Psh in
1250 H./1834 A.D. He was a citizen of Pritina
and in 1842 A.D. governor of Skopje (Askop)
Description
The mosque consists of two parts:
1.The portico, which was demolished by
expanding the road in front of the mosque, and
replaced by the new, inclined wooden portico
supported by wooden column.
2.The praying hall (10.50m x 10.50m), covered by
a dome with pendentives in the corners resting
on the external bearing walls.
Jar Mosque plan
Ayverdi - Ottoman Architectural Works in
Europe, 1981
The mihrb is located in the qibla wall in axis of the
square plan and has a stalactites hood.
Each wall of the lower cubic structure has two windows
with a small one in upper part of the cubic structure.
Above the mihrb and in its axis a decorative blind
window is placed, with Solomons seal and the Tughra of
the Sultan Mahmud II. The internal wall surface is covered
with plaster. Windows are framed with decorated floral
band.From outside, the dome octagonal drum is pierced
with eight small circular arched windows.The dome is
covered by lead sheets. The mosque still preserves its
original window iron lattice and its wooden window
shutters.
The Tughra of the Sultan
Mahmud II
above the Mihrb (2003)
Jar Mosque, Mihrb & Minbar
Ayverdi - Ottoman Architectural Works in Europe,
1981
Jar Mosque, Dikka
Ayverdi - Ottoman Architectural Works in Europe,
1981
87
The minaret stands on the right side of the portico and
consists of a stool and a high circular storey ending with a
balcony. It is followed with a circular short storey,
crowned by the typical Ottoman conical end covered by
lead sheets.
Present condition
There are some cracks in the pendentive area of the
building. The lead dome covering is cracked and causes
dampness by rain infiltration through the roof.
Mosque and surroundings (2003)
Crack in the dome transition zone (2003)
Stone deterioration Salt
efflorescence(2003)
The dampness in the building is also caused by capillary action. The iron bars laid in the dome drum
should be checked (rust damage).
Recommended measures
Architectural documentation, structural studies (seismic study) as well as cracks monitoring should
be provided before doing any restoration works.
Estimated costs
223.000 for architectural documentation, structure assessment, diagnostic study and restoration works.
88
Jar Pasha Mosque, North East faade
(2003)
Jar Pasha Mosque, Mihrb detail (2003)
Jar Pasha Mosque (2003)
89
Jar Pasha Mosque, painting (left of the
mihrb) (2003)
Jar Pasha Mosque, decoration above the
mihrb with Sultans Tughra (2003)
Jar Pasha Mosque, historic inscription above the mihrb (2003)
90
Mosque, Dean/Deani
The mosque was built at the end of 15
th
century and has been lying partly ruined
since 1998.
Mosque with the surrounding fence (2003)
Description
The mosque has a rectangular plan and originally had a wooden roof. The walls
are built with rubble stones with wooden ties running along the walls. The walls
are plastered several times.
Inside the building remains of plaster are still existing. Outside the walls were
probably not plastered, similar to Kullas built in the surroundings.
Two rows of circular arched windows are organized. The mihrb in the qibla wall
is a very shallow primitive niche.
The mihrb in the
qibla wall (2003)
91
The short square minaret
stool is built with big
rubble stones and
partially in the upper part
with brick. It consists of
three shafts. The first one
is high and ends with a
circular balcony. The
second one is shorter and
ends with a second
balcony. The third shaft
is shorter than the second
and is crowned with the
typical conical structure
covered with lead. The
minaret was recently
plastered.
Mosque stool from interior
(2003)
Minaret (2003)
Present condition
The walls are severely deteriorated and structurally unsafe. The building mortar is strongly
weakened by rising dampness especially in the lower part near the soil and the upper part due
to rainwater infiltrating through the walls.
As the lower level of the foundation is only 80cm from ground level, it is recommend to
check the foundation situation and to make the necessary precautions for snow, heavy rain
and frost. Wall joints should be cleaned and repointed and the walls should be grouted with
natural or artificial hydraulic lime. Wooden ties should be replaced and treated before with
biocides and antacids.
Recommended measures
A complete architectural documentation should be established and a detailed structure
assessment made before beginning restoration and conservation work.
Estimated costs
Financial support is already being received from Brunei.
92
Hammm of Ali Bey, Vuitrn/Vushtrri
Description
This hammm is one of the oldest Ottoman
public baths in the Balkans. It consists of one
central hall for undressing with a fountain in the
middle and has a single hexagonal wooden roof
with the brick dome rising in the middle. The
roof is covered with red tiles.
The pointed arched entrance leads directly to the
undressing hall, which has pointed arched
windows in the upper part of the walls. From the
undressing hall, one enters to the cold and warm
rooms and to the heated area with the small
washing room and plunge bath; the heating area
(furnace) is still intact. The walls of this area are
built of semi-dressed stone and rubble stone.
The hammm is not dilapidated, but having been
out of use for over 25 years, the lack of
maintenance explains its precarious condition.
Vuitrn Hammm- Deterioration of semi
dressed courses, missing tiles (2003)
Present condition
Due to the backflow from the town sewage system, the building is emerged in sewer water,
which has caused severe deterioration to the stones. As some roof tiles are missing, the
walls also suffer from rainwater infiltration. - In some places wall joint are empty and need to
be cleaned and repointed.
Inside, plaster is detached from walls and
the flooring is in a very bad condition.
Water basins and carpentry works need
repair.
Recommended measures
Restoration work should be undertaken
without delay. Traditional material should
be used to preserve the historic and
authentic values. However, before
commencing restoration work, a solid
architectural documentation is required.
Estimated costs
Vuitrn Hammm- Deterioration of stone with
washed out mortar joints (2003)
Architectural documentation, structure assessment, diagnostic study and restoration work:
287.000
93
Sultan Murat I Mausoleum (Trbe), Kosovo
Polje
Description
The mausoleum is located about 10km west of Pristina
and about 1km away from the modern memorial tower
commemorating the 1389 battle. In that battle, the Serbs
were catastrophically defeated by the army of Sultan
Murat I.
The whole grassy plain is known locally as Gazimestan
(Muslim veteran land).
The building was conceived as a memorial Mausoleum,
as Murat is buried in Bursa, where he was killed. The
mausoleum was probably built by Sultan Bayazid I, the
son of Murat I, at the end of the 14
th
century. The
original plan and style is not known as it was rebuilt and
restored several times.
Porch entrance detail (2003)
The first major restoration was ordered by the governor of the Balkans Melek Ahmet Pasha
Rumeli, during the second half of the 16
th
century, after his visit to the mausoleum which he
found in a dilapidated state. He had a fence built and arranged for a family to live on the site
and ensure the maintenance of the mausoleum .
The building was restored later by Khorshid Pasha in 1859 A.D. and later once again in 1911
A.D. in the occasion of Sultan Rashds visit to Kosovo.
The Turkish Ministry of Culture restored the building in 1990. Near by the Mausoleum there
is a small house for the family in charge of the maintenance (Hajj Ali al-Bukhr family).
The family is paid by the Turkish Government ever since Sultan Abdal Azz has made this
arrangement.
94
The Mausoleum has a square plan 7x7m and is 9,35 m high. In
front of the entrance there is a square portico 3,30 x 3,30m.
Inside the mausoleum there is a cenotaph.
The portico is covered by a small dome supported by plastered
circular arches resting on four stone columns. The dome is
covered by lead sheets. This entrance was added later, as there
is a building joint between the portico and the mausoleum.
The mosque has a dome with pendentives in the corner resting
on the 85cm thick walls. The entrance of the mausoleum has an
engraved marble cladding, with a three-line inscription, which
is also a later addition.
In the lower cubic structure, there are two rectangular windows with iron grille and glass
shutters in each wall.
The dome apex is decorated with a painted Quran verse (sure 3, verse 169). The lower dome
surface is decorated with a painted floral frieze.
In the green area around the Mausoleum there are a cenotaph of Rifat Psh dated 1276H./
1859 A.D. and another of Mehmet Psh dated 1321H./1903 A.D.
Present condition
Due to lack of maintenance, there is water infiltration through
the roof; the lead covering needs restoration.
Stone chemical weathering as well as physical weathering,
specially in the lower parts of the mausoleum caused by rain,
sun rays, wind and environmental pollution. Salt efflorescence
in many areas of the outside wall surfaces can be noticed.
Algea is also present.
Recommended measures
Stones should be desalinated, cleaned and consolidated; in
some places stone should have plastic repair; very eroded stone
should be replaced.
Deterioration of stone course
(2003)
The flooring boards inside the mausoleum are rotten and need to be renewed. The garden
outside the mausoleum within the fenced area needs urgent care. A rainwater collector around
the building, to decrease dampness in walls caused by capillary action, is badly needed.
Estimated costs
Architectural documentation, structure assessment, diagnostic study, restoration and
conservation: 217.000.
95
Sultan Murat I Mausoleum (Trbe),
Wall pierced with flat window and metal
grille
(2003)
Sultan Murat I Mausoleum (Trbe),
Ayverdi - Ottoman Architectural Works in Europe,
1981
Sultan Murat I Mausoleum (Trbe),
Entrance door
Ayverdi - Ottoman Architectural Works in Europe,
1981
Sultan Murat I Mausoleum (Trbe), Interior
Ayverdi - Ottoman Architectural Works in Europe,
1981