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Phonogram

Sound
Spelling Rule
Sample Words
a
mat
table
father
ai
Two letter /a/ that may not be used at the end of English words.
laid
ar
car
au
Two letter // that may not be used at the end of English words.
author
augh
Used only at the end of a base word or before a T.
taught
laugh
aw
Two letter // that may be used at the end of English words.
saw
ay
Two letter /a/ that may be used at the end of English words.
play
b
bat
bu
Two letter /b/.
buy
c
cat
cent
ch
child
school
chef
cei
receive
ci
Short /sh/ used only at the beginning of any syllable after the first one.
spacious
ck
Two letter /k/ used only after a single, short vowel.
back
d
dad
dge
Hard /J/ used only after a single, short vowel.
edge
e
tent
be
ea
eat
bread
steak
ear
The /er/ of search.
search
ed
Past tense ending.
traded
pulled
picked
ee
Double /e/.
tree
ei
May not be used at the end of English words.
their
protein
feisty
eigh
Used only at the end of a base word or before a T.
eight
height
er
The /er/ of her.
her
ew
May be used at the end of English words.
flew
few
ey
May be used at the end of English words.
they
key
f
foot
g
big
gym
gn
Two letter /n/ used at the beginning or the end of
a base word.
sign
gu
guide
language
h
hat
i
it
ivy
stadium
onion
ie
The /e/ of field.
field
igh
Three letter /i/ used only at the end of a base word
or before a T.
night
ir
The /er/ of bird.
bird
j
job
k
kit
kn
Two letter /n/ used only at the beginning of
a base word.
know
l
lap
m
me
n
nut
ng

sing
o
on
go
do
oa
Two letter /o/ that may not be used at the end of English words.
coat
oe
May be used at the end of English words.
toe
shoe
oi
May not be used at the end of English words.
boil
oo
food
took
floor
or
lord
ou
May not be used at the end of English words.
house
soul
group
country
ough
Used only at the end of a base word or before a T.
thought
though
through
bough
rough
trough
ow
May be used at the end of English words.
plow
snow
oy
May be used at the end of English words.
boy
p
pan
ph
Two letter /f/.
phone
qu
queen
r
ran
s
sent
as
sh
Used only at the beginning of a word and at the end of the syllable. Never used
at the beginning of any syllable after the first one, except for the ending -shi
p.
she
si
Used only at the beginning of any syllable after the first one.
session
division
t
tip
tch
Three letter /ch/ used only after a single vowel that is not long.
butcher
th
thin
this
ti
Tall /sh/ used only at the beginning of any syllable after the first one.
partial
u
up
pupil
flute
put
ui
Two letter /oo/ that may not be used at the end of English words.
fruit
ur
The /er/ of hurt.
hurts
v
van
w
wall
wh
Used only at the beginning of a base word.
whisper
wor
worm
wr
Two letter /r/ used only at the beginning of a base word.
write
x

fox
y
yard
gym
by
baby
z
zip

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