Modul Bio SBP Ans-2

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY 2011
1

BAHAGIAN SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH DAN
SEKOLAH KECEMERLANGAN
KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

PERFECT
SCORE
BIOLOGY

2011
Teachers Module

Paper 2
Section B

2

Paper 2 Section B:

1. Diagram 1.1 show the human digestive system and Diagram 1.2 show the structure
inside organ P.

No Essay Questions Marks Student notes
1(a)(i)
Explain the process of absorption of glucose and amino acids in
organ P.
[4 marks]
Sample answer

F1: involve process diffusion and active transport
P1: from the lumen into epithelial cell by facilitated
diffusion
P2: across the epithelial lining by active transport
P3: both are absorb into blood capillaries

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1(a)(ii)
Explain three structural adaptation of organ P for effective
absorption of food

[6 marks]

Diagram 1.1
Diagram 1.2
Organ R
Organ P

3

Sample answer

F1: the largest section of alimentary canal
P1: increases the surface area of absorption

F2: Inner surface has numerous number of villi
P2: Form brush border to increase the surface area of
absorption

F3: Epithelial lining is only one cell thick
P3: Increases the rate of diffusion process

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6
1(b) Describe the process of assimilation in organ R.
[10 marks]
Sample answer
P1: organ R is a liver
P2: act as a checkpoint // control the amount of
nutrients released into blood circulatory
P3: involve in assimilation of amino acids and glucose
P4: (organ R) synthesizes plasma protein from amino
acids
P5: converted amino acids into glucose when a short
supply of glucose/glycogen
P6: broken down/ convert excess amino acids through
deamination
P7: to form urea as waste products
P8: glucose is used for respiration
P9: excess glucose is converted into glycogen and
stored
P10: if full, excess glucose is converted into lipids
P11: glycogen is converted back into glucose if needed

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Any 10

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4

2. Diagram shows various processed food on a supermarket shelf.

Salted plum Potato chips Prawn crackers

2(a)

Based on your biology knowledge,
Explain the good and the bad of food processing on human being.

[10 marks]

Sample answer
Good(G) Explanation(P)
G1 ; to preserve food P1: Avoid wastage of
food/prevent food
spoilage/can be stored(for
future use)
G2: to increase its
commercial value/uses of
food additives
P2: improve the
taste/appearance/texture of
food/to preserve the
freshness
G3:to diversify the uses of
food substances
P3: to increase the variety of
product//any example

Max ; 5 marks

1,
1

1,
1

1,
1

5


5

Sample answer
Bad(B) Explanation(P)
B1 ; uses food additive P4:give long term side
effect/examples//reduce the
nutrient/vitamin in the food.
B2: too much sugar P5: increases the risk of
diabetes
B3: foof colouring/yellow
dye/tetrazine
P6: causes allergy reaction
B4: too much salt P7:increase the risk of high
blood pressure
B5: Sodium nitrate P8:causes nausea/athma(to
certain people)

Any 3B with respective P
Max 5 marks

1,
1

1,
1

1,
1

1,
1

1,
1

5

(b)
Explain the food processing methods which are related to the
factors that cause food spoilage.
[ 10 marks]
Sample answer:
Concept : Food can be preserved by destroying the
microorganism present in the food //
by stopping the activities of the microorganism

F1: Cooking-.high temperature kill the microorganisms
P1: denature the enzyme that cause the breakdown of food

F2: Treating food with sugar/salt
P2: causes the microorganism to lose water due to osmosis

F3: Adding vinegar will reduced the pH
P3 that prevent microorganism from growing

F4: Fermentation of fruit juices and other food by adding
yeast
P4: high concentration of alcohol prevent the
microorganism from growing

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F5: Dry under hot sun (meat/fish/fruits)
P5: removes water from food dehydrated

F6: Ultravoilets rays
P6: kills microorganism

F7: Pasteurisation destroy bacteria which cause
tuberculosis and typhoid
P7: (technique) -Food is heated to 63
0
C for 30 minutes /
72
0
C for 15 seconds followed by rapid cooling
to 10
0
C
P7.1: (Pasteurisation) retains the natural flavour and
nutrients

F8: Canning uses heat sterilization to kill microorganisms
and their spores
P8 (technique) -.Food is packed in cans, steamed at high
temperature and pressure to drive out air
P8.1: the vaccum created within the cans prevent growth of
microorganism

F9: Refrigeration
P9: food stored at temperature below 0
0
C prevent
growth/germination of microorganism
P9.1: food remain fresh for a long period of time

Any ten : F + P correctly

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10

TOTAL MARKS

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7

No Essay Questions Marks Student
notes

3

Diagram 3 shows roots of plants found in mangrove swamp.

Discuss how these roots are adapted for stability, salt tolerance and
less oxygen of water logged mangrove swamp soil.
[10 marks]

Sample Answer:

F1: Root adaptations increase stability of mangrove trees in the
soft sediments along shorelines.

P1: Prop roots descending from the trunk and branches,
providing a stable support system.

P2: Shallow wide spreading roots, surrounds the trunks of
Avicennia adding to the structural stability of the tree.

P3: Other species of mangrove trees grow at higher elevations, in
drier soils, do not require specialized root structures.

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Pneumatophore

8

F2: The ability to exclude salts occurs through filtration at the
surface of the root.

P1: The cell sap is hypertonic to sea water, the water able to
diffuse into the root cell by osmosis

P2: Salt is removed through hidatodes located on each leaf.

F3: Mangrove trees are adapted for survival in oxygen-poor
sediments through specialized root structures /
pneumatophore.

P1: these spaces in soil fill with water, containing lower oxygen
levels than air.
P2: having well-developed aerial roots or pneumotophores
gases exchange
P3 : example Avicennia
P4 : Red mangroves / Rhizophora have prop/stilt roots extending
from the trunk and adventitious roots from the branches able
to absorb more water and mineral.

P5 knee root and buttress root has lenticels that allow air into the
roots.
Any 10 points.

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notes
4.

Diagram 4 shows part of a nitrogen cycle .

(a)(i) The atmospheric nitrogen cannot be absorbed directly by plants.
Based on Diagram 4, state two form of nitrogenous compounds that
can be absorbed directly by plants and explain how a deficiency of
substances K in the soil affect the growth of the plants.

[ 4 marks]
Sample answer:

P1 : (Two form of nitrogenous compound that can be absorbed
directly by plants) are nitrate ions and ammonium ions.

P2 : substances K is nitrate

P3 : Substance K is used in synthesis of protein in plant or
animal

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Nitrogen in the
atmosphere
Substance K
Nitrogen fixation by
microorganisms in plant
Nitrites
Ammonium
compounds
Nitrogen
compounds in
plants
Nitrogen
compounds in
animals
Diagram 4

10

P4 : (deficiency of substance K), less synthesis of protein

P5 : plant growth is retarded/slow/ stunted

[ 4 marks]

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4
(ii) Based on Diagram 4, explain role of the microorganism in nitrogen
cycle.
[6 marks]
Sample answer:

P1 : Rhizobium sp. (in root nodule of legume plant)// Nostoc
sp.//Azotobacter sp.

P2 : fix the Nitrogen from atmosphere into nitrate/ substance K.

P3 : (Nitrate/K substance) is absorp by roots of plants and
converted into protein.

P4 : (when the plant /animal die), protein in plant/ animal is
decomposed by decomposer/fungi

P5 : into ammonium compound

P6 : Nitrosomonas sp. converts ammonium compound into
nitrite

P7 : Nitrobacter sp. Convert nitrite into nitrate/substance K

P8: Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrate back into Nitrogen

[Max : 6 marks]

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5.

(a)
Diagram 5 shows the eutrophication process that occurs to a lake
due to the human activities.

Based on the Diagram 5, explain what is meant by
`eutrophication`

[10 marks]

Sample answer
P1 : Farmers use fertilizers that usually contains
nitrates/phosphate

P2: Fertilizer/animal waste/silage which contain
nitrate/phosphate may washed out in water when it rains/
leaching/run into the lake.

P3: Algae/green plant in the lake grow faster (when they are
supplied with extra nitrate/(phosphate)

P4: (they may grow so much) that they completely cover the
water.

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P5: block out the light for plants growing beneath them.
P6: Photosynthesis rate reduced
P7: Dissolve oxygen also reduced
P8: Plant on the top of water and beneath water eventually
die.

P9: Their remains are good source of food bacteria //bacteria
decomposed the dead plant rapidly//bacteria breed
rapidly

P10: The large population of bacteria respires using up more
oxygen

P11: so there is very little oxygen left for other living
organism

P12: BOD increased

P13: Those fish which need oxygen have to move other areas
or die
Any 10
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(b)

Explain how each of the following can reduce water pollution:

(i) Treating sewage
(ii) Using organic fertilizers rather than inorganic ones.
[6 marks]

Sample answer:

(i) Treating sewage
P1: The sewage contains harmful bacteria /substance which
provide Nitrate/nutrient for microbe.

P2: Remove harmful bacteria/most of the nutrient which
could course eutrophication before it is released into the
rivers.

P3: When sewage has been treated, the water in it can be
used again//sewage treatment enables water to be
recycled.

P4: Microorganisms used in sewage treatment.
Any 3

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(ii) Using organic fertilizers rather than inorganic

Sample answer
1. Example of organic fertilizers : Manure
2. Example of inorganic fertilizer : Ammonium nitrate
3. Organic fertilizers do not contain many nitrates(which can
easily be leached out of the soil.

4. They release their nutrients gradually (over a long period
of time) giving crops time to absorb them efficiently.

Any 3

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(c) Explain how deforestation of rainforest can cause flash flood.

[4 marks]

Sample answer

F: deforestation can cause soil erosion
P1 : The leafy canopy trees protect the soil from the impact
of falling rain.

P2: The roots of the trees hold soil and water
P3: (With the trees removed) the soil is exposed directly to
the rain//water runoff becomes intense.

P4: Topsoil/fertile layer, get washed away during heavy rain.
P5: (heavy rainwater flows down hillside to river with) eroded
soil deposited blocking the flow of water.

P6: The water levels in rivers rise rapidly causing flood to
occur.

Any 4

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No Essay Questions

Marks Student notes

6(a)

Diagram 6.1 shows the mankind activities.

Based on your knowledge in biology, explain the effects of the
activities to the mankind and their surroundings. Suggest the
ways to overcome this problem.
[12 marks]

Sample Answer

P1: the problem is green house effect
P2: the activities produce green house gases such as
carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen dioxide.

P3: The gases accumulate and forms a layer at the
atmospheric surface

P4: Solar radiation penetrate earth atmosphere and warm the
earth surface.

P5: Part of the heat energy is reflected back by earth surface
to the atmosphere in the form of infrared radiation.

P6: Heat energy that is reflected back is trapped by
greenhouse gases.

P7: Higher concentration of greenhouse gases on the
atmosphere cause more reflected energy being trapped.

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P8: This will increase the earth temperature and can cause
global warming.
Any 5

The Effect:

P1: Increase of carbon dioxide and temperature of earth will
increase the rate of photosynthesis or agriculture yield.

P2: Increase in earth temperature / global warming will
accelerate evaporation of water and reduce soil
humidity.

P3: Climate change / changes in wind direction / change the
distribution of rainfall / drought /flood

P4: Melting of ice in north and south poles increase the sea
level and cause flooding of low level areas.

P5: Yield of crop / domestic animal reduced

P6: Mass destruction of animal habitat and cause the animal
emigration/ reduces of animal population.
Any 5

Ways to overcome:
Use of technology such as :

P1: less the emission of CO2 by the motor vehicles by using
the unleaded petroleum.

P2: using the filter on the chimney to prevent harmful gases

P3: car pool/ use public transport
i

P4: less open burning

P5: less the using of CFC and change to HCFC

P6: Using catalytic converter in the car exhaust

P7: educate the public on the importance of protecting and
caring the environment through mass media and
environmental campaigns.

P8: planting more tree
Any 2

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7(a) . Diagram 7.1 shows the ozone layer in atmosphere that protects earth from ultraviolet rays
from the sun.

Diagram 7.1

Describe how the ozone layer becomes thinner. Discuss its effects on humans and the
environment and suggest the ways to solve these problems.
[10 marks ]
notes

7 (a)
Sample Answer
Thinning of the ozone layer is due to the
widespread use of CFC

It is used in aerosol, industrial solvents,
electronics and Freon in air conditioners

Ultraviolet radiation strikes a CFC molecule

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Solar radiation
Sinaran suria
Stratosphere
Stratosfera

Ozone layer
Lapisan ozon
Harmful
ultraviolet radiation
Sinaran ultra ungu
berbahaya
Troposphere
Trofosfera
Earth
Bumi

17

notes
cause the chlorine atom to break away

Then the chlorine atom collides with an ozone
molecule and combines with an oxygen atom
to form chlorine monoxide and oxygen

Then the free atom of oxygen collides with the
chlorine monoxide, the two oxygen atoms
form a molecule of oxygen

The chlorine atom is released and free to
destroy more ozone molecules

The chlorine produced re-enters the cycle

When the ozone layer becomes thinner, more
ultraviolet radiation reaches the Earth

The effect of excessive ultraviolet radiation on
human
reduction of the bodys immune system
skin cancer
cataract of the eye
Effect on plants
reduction of the rate of growth therefore
reducing crop yields

Effect on aquatic organism
death of plankton, reduce food supply to
aquatic organism, fishermans catch is
reduced.

Steps to overcome this problem
Reduce or stop using CFC or chlorine-based
products
Replace CFC with HCFC
Use wrapping papers instead of polystyrene
boxes
Patch up the holes in the ozone layer by firing
frozen ozone balls into the atmosphere

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Max 5

Max 3

Max 2

TOTAL
10marks


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7 (b) Diagram 7.2 shows a phenomenon X that occurs from air pollution. Describe the
formation and the effects of the phenomenon on agriculture and aquatic ecosystem.

[10 marks]

notes
9(b)

Able to name the phenomenom X

Sample Answer

F1 : X is acid rain
P1 : combustion of fossil fuels in power
station/factories/domestic boilers
P2 : produce sulphur dioxide
P3 : and oxide of nitrogen
P4 : both gases combine with water vapour
P5 : form sulphuric acid and nitric acid
P6 : fall to the Earth with pH less than 5.0

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Max 6

Diagram 7.2


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Effects:
On agriculture

P1 : soil become acidic// leaching of minerals
P2 : not suitable for culativation/grow of crops

On aquatic ecosystem

P1 : accumulation of insoluble aluminium ion in
water sources// increase acidity in the
ecosystem
P2 : kill aquatic organisms

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4

Total
10 marks


20

8. Diagram 8 shows three types of neurone in individual A.

Diagram 8

a) Describe the process X in Diagram 8
[4 marks]

b) Explain the above situation.

[6 marks]

X
Neurone P
Neurone Q
Neurone R
After an accident , individual A doesnt experience
any response to hot object.


21

8 (a)
Sample Answer

When an impulses arrives in the axon terminal

Stimulates (synaptic) vesicles to move towards and
bind with the presynaptic membrane

The vesicles fuse / release the neurotransmitter into
the synapse

The neurotransmitter molecules across the synapse
to the dendrite of another neurone

Stimulated to trigger a new impulses which travels
along the neurone

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Max 4

(b)
SampleAnswer

F1 - P is afferent neurone which transmits nerve
impulse from the receptors to the
interneurone.

P1 - If P damaged, impulse from receptor cannot
be transfered to the interneurone.

P2 - (As a result), individual A cannot feel any pain

P2 - R is efferent neurone which transmits nerve
impulse from interneurone to the effector

P1 - If R damaged, impulse from interneurone
cannot be transfered to the effector

P2 - (As a result), individual A cannot withdraw the
finger // pull the hand away from the pointed
needle

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Max 6


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9
Mr. Q is married to Mrs. Q for more than 10 years but did
not have any child due to low sperm count in Mr. Q.
Mr. and Mrs. V have 6 children in 12 years of marriage.
Mrs. V has high blood pressure and heart problem, so they
decided not to have any more kids.

Explain how reproduction technologies able to help these
two families.

[10 marks]

Sample Answer

F1: Mr Q have problem with infertility, that is low
sperm count

P1: not enough sperm/ less sperm produce by Mr Q/
less chance for the sperm to reach fallopian tube

F2: technology applied : in vitro fertilization

P3: sperm and egg are taken from Mr. and Mrs. Q

P5: fertilize in petri dish/test tube

P6: embryo is inserted into Mrs Q uterus for further
development.

or

F2: artificial insemination

P3: sperms are collected until the number of sperms
are enough

P4: sperms are injected into the fallopian tube of Mrs
Q

P5: during ovulation

Any 5 points 5 marks

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Sample Answer

F3: For Mr V family the problem is to control the birth
rate/ stop pregnancy

P1: Mrs. V have high risk if pregnant due to high
blood pressure and heart problem

P2: use contraceptive pills, to stop ovum development

P3: use condom during copulation, prevent sperm
from reaching uterus

P4: Tubal ligation or tubectomy the fallopian tube is
tied/cut

P5 : blocking the ovum from entering the uterus/
Prevent sperm from reaching the ovum

Any 5 points 5 marks

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No Essay Questions Mark Student
notes
10.

The variation of ABO blood group determined by three different
alleles, but an individual carry only two of the three allele.

With schematic diagram , explain the possibilities of the blood group
and genotypes of the offspring if the fathers blood group is A and the
mothers blood group is AB.

[10 marks]
Sample Answer

Schematic diagram:

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Father Mother X Parent :
I
B

Phenotype F1:
Blood group A

Blood group B

Parent
genotype :
X
I
A
I
A

I
A
I
B

Parent
genotype :
Meiosis
Gamete :
I
A

I
A

Fertilisation
Genotype F1: I
A
I
A

I
A
I
B

Phenotypic Ratio: 1 blood group A : 1 blood group B
Phenotypic Ratio: 2 blood group A : 1 blood group A : 1 blood
group AB
I
B

I
B
I
o

Parent
genotype :
X
I
A
I
o

I
A
I
B

Parent
genotype :
Meiosis
Gamete :
I
A

I
A

Fertilisation
Genotype F1: I
A
I
A

I
A
I
B

I
o

I
A
I
o


25

Explain :

P1 : Allele I
A
and I
B
are codominant.

P2: Father has 2 possibilities of genotype

P3 : (either) I
A
I
A
//homozygous dominant or I
A
I
o
//
heterozygous

P4 : (if genotype of father is I
A
I
A
), possibility of blood group of
offspring is 50% blood group A

and 50% is blood group
B//refer to schematic diagram

P5 : (if genotype of father is I
A
I
o
), possibility of blood group of
offspring is 50% blood group A
,
25% is blood group B and
25% blood group B //refer to schematic diagram

[Total : 10 marks]

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11.
(a).
Diagram 11.1 shows a group of boys with different height and
Diagram 11.2 shows the various types of fingerprints.

Diagram 11.1 Diagram 11.2

Based on the biology knowledge, identify the variation and
explain the similarities and differences in Diagram 11.1 and
Diagram 11.2.
[10 marks]

Able to:
(i) Identify the continuous variation and discontinuous variation.
(ii) Explain the similarity and the contrast of continuous variation
and discontinuous variation.

Sample answer:

P1: Diagram 11.1 (height) is continuous variation
P2: Diagram 11.2 (fingerprints) is discontinuous variation

Similarities:

P3: Both create varieties in the population of species
P4: Both type of variation are caused by genetic factor

Differences:

P5: Height is continuous variation while fingerprints is
discontinuous variation

P6: Graf distribution of continuous variation shows a
normal distribution while Graf distribution of
discontinuous variation shows a discrete distribution.

P7: The characters of continuous variation are quantitative
/ can be measured and graded from one extreme to the
other while the characters of discontinuous variation
are qualitative / cannot be measured and graded from
one extreme to the other.

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P8: Continuous variation exhibits a spectrum of
phenotypes with intermediate character while
discontinuous variation exhibits a few distinctive
phenotypes with no intermediate character.

P9: Continuous variation influenced by environmental
factors while Discontinuous variation is not influenced
by environmental factors.

P10: In continuous variation two or more genes control the
same character while In discontinuous variation single
genes determines the differences in the traits of the
character.

P11: In continuous variation the phenotype is usually
controlled by many pairs of alleles while in
discontinuous variation the phenotype is usually
controlled by a pair of alleles.

Any 10

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(b).

Diagram 11.3 shows the variants P, Q and R of a species of
fish.

Describe how the variation occurs in the species of fish.

[10 marks]

Sample Answer

F1: Variation occurs because of genetic factors

P1: By crossing over

P2: during prophase I of meiosis

P3: when two homologous chromosomes are intertwine

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between the non-sister chromatid.

P4: the exchange of materials between the chromatids
results in new combination of genes

P5: By independent assortment

P6: during metaphase I of meiosis, homologous
chromosomes arrange themselves randomly at the
equator

P7: the random arrangement and separation of each
homologous pair is independent of one another

P8: and result various genetic combination in the gametes.

P9: By random fertilisation

P10: the fertilisation of sperm and ovum occurs randomly

P11: each gamete has unique combination of genes that
can fertilise any of the ova which also has unique
combination of genes.

P12: the fertilisation of gametes produced zygote/offspring
which has various of variation.

F2: by environmental factors.

P13: environmental factors that cause variation included
abiotic factors

P14: such as light intensity / temperature / water / humidity
/ nutrients / soil fertility

P15: these factor affect the growth rate of the organism.

Any 10
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12 Diagram 12.1 shows a mangrove swamp forest and
Diagram 12.2 shows the same area 50 years later.

Diagram 12.1 Diagram 12.2

Discuss the impact of the exploitation on the ecosystem.
[10 marks]

Sample answer:
P1: swampy area is change to densely populated / town /
commercial area

P2: the change requires activities such as deforestation and
land reclaimation

P3: more and more buildings/ glass buildings built in the are

P4: could be the factors for air / thermal / noise pollution

P5: and greenhouse effect as well as heat island

P6: lost of vast quantity of flora and fauna / biodiversity in
the area

P7: less water catchment area / less of reproductive area

P8: landslide and soil erosion

P9: which frequent flash flood and muddy flood

P10: water pollution in the nearby river

P11: which kill most of the aquatic organisms

Any 10

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