MUHAMMAD SYAHFIQ BIN ISMAIL

030.08.286
Trisakti University
Answers :
1. The first 1000 days of life is a unique window of opportunity to shape healthier and more
prosperous futures. By focusing on improving nutrition for mothers and children in the first
1000 days window, we can help ensure a child can live a healthy and productive life. The
right nutrition during this 1000 days window can have a profound impact on a childs ability
to row, learn, and rise out of poverty. It can also shape a societys long-term health, stability
and prosperity. For infants and children under the age of two, the consequences of
undernutrition are particularly severe, irreversible and reach far into the future. During
pregnancy, undernutrition can have a devastating impact on the healthy growth and
development of a child. Babies who are malnourished in womb have a higher risk of dying in
infancy and more likely to face livelong cognitive and physical deficits and also chronic
health problems. For children under the age of two years old, undernutrition can be life-
threatening. It can weaken a childs immune system and make him or her more
susceptibleto dying from common illness such as pneumonia, diarrhea and malaria.
Improving nutrition during the critical 1000 days window is one of the best investment we
can make to achieve lasting progress in global health and development.

2. Firstly, i will explain to married woman why they need to prepare to meet iron requirements
during their pregnancy. I will explain to them taht iron requirements increase significantly
during pregnancy as maternal blood volume increases and the babys blood system is
developing. Iron deficiency in pregnant women increases the risk of having a preterm or low
birth weight baby which can have negative impact on the short and long term health of the
baby. After that, i will advising them to eat foods which has the best sources of iron. The
best sources of iron comes from haem-iron found in animal foods includes lean meats,
poultry, seafood, beans and peas, and nuts and seed. For example, oyster and beef liver
have high amounts of iron. Beef, cashews, chickpeas and sardines also are good sources of
iron. Chicken, tuna and eggs also contain iron. Besides haem-iron which found in animal
foods, non-haem iron can be found in plant foods. So, i will advise them to eat more
vegetables too including dark green leafy vegetables, wholemeal bread, iron-fortified
cereals, beans and lentis. Moreover, eating foods rich in vitamin C alongside iron-rich foods
can improve iron absorption. I will also advise them to eat foods such as papayas, orange,
brocolli, strawberry, tomatoes and cabbage. Drink more juice such as orange juice and
tomatoes juice. In addition to food, iron supplements can be used to meet dietary iron
requirements. The need for iron supplementation is greatest for women who enter
pregnancy with poor iron status. I will also advise them to avoid drinking tea or coffee and
taking this supplements with meals together. Because on contrary, coffee, calcium and zinc
supplements can interfere with iron absorption.

3. The best time to introduce the supplementary feeding to infant is when they are six months
old. This is because after they reach six months old, the nutrition from breastmilk alone
cannot supply enough energy to support their growth and development. There will be an
energy gap taht should be filled by giving the children complementary foods, but still
continuing the breastfeeding until they are two years old or beyond. They energy gap will
continue to increase as the child gets older. So, complementary feeding should be start at
the age of six months old with small amounts of food and increase the quantity of food, food
consistency and variety as the child gets older while maintaining frequent breastfeeding.

4. Dietary assessment are important for assessing and monitoring food and nutrient intake and
also estimating exposure to food additives and contaminants. Besides that, dietary
assessments also important to formulating and evaluating government health and
agricultural policy. Moreover, it also also important to conducting epidemiologic research for
example relationship between diet and health. Dietary assessment is also helpful to assess
proportion of population at risk because of an inadequate nutrient intake.

5. The biomarkers that i will use to measure for vitamin A survey is retinol plasma.