Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.

com Form 4 Chapter 5

1

CHAPTER 5 : CHEMICAL BOND

ANALYSIS OF PAST YEAR QUESTIONS FROM 2003 2008

Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Paper No. P2 P3 P2 P3 P2 P3 P2 P3 P2 P3 P2 P3
Type of
question
S E S E S E S E S E S E S E S E S E S E S E S E
Question
No

1b
1c
10c 3 4

STRUCTURED QUESTIONS

1 SPM 2006/P2/Q3

a) i) The electron arrangement for argon is 2.8.8.
Why is this element very stable and not reactive?

[1 mark]

ii) Name one other element that has the same stability as argon.


[1 mark]

b) Atoms of both sodium and chlorine are unstable.
They react to form an ionic compound which is more stable.
Diagram 3.1 shows a sodium chloride compound, NaCl, that is produced by the
formation of an ionic bond between a sodium ion, Na
+
, and a chloride ion, Cl
-
.






Diagram 3.1

i) How are a sodium ion and chloride ion formed from their respective atoms?

Sodium ion : ..

Chloride ion : .
[2 marks]


ii) Name the force that exists between these ions in the compound.

...
[1 mark]
Na
+
Cl
-

- +
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iii) The melting point of sodium chloride, NaCl, is 801
o
C and its boiling points is
1413
o
C.
What will happen to the ions in this compound at 900
o
C?


[1 mark]

iv) Give one reason for your answer in 3(b)(iii).

..
[1 mark]

c) Diagram 3.2 shows the proton number and nucleon number for two elements, X and Y.
The letter used do not represent the actual symbols of the elements.



Diagram 3.2


Draw a diagram to show the bonding formed between elements X and Y












[3 marks]

2 SPM 2007/P2/Q4
Table 4 shows the electrical conductivity and melting points of substances P, Q and R.

Substance
Electrical conductivity in the state of
Melting point/
o
C
Solid Molten Aqueous
P No No No < -110
Q No No No 80 90
R No Yes Yes > 800

Table 4

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a) i) State the types of structure and bonding of substance P.
Structure :

.
Bonding :

.
[2 marks]
ii) Explain why substance P has a low melting point.


.
[1 mark]
b) State how the bonds are formed in :
i) Substance Q


.
[1 mark]
ii) Substance R


.
[1 mark]

c) State why the electrical conductivity of substance R is different in solid state compared
to the molten and aqueous states.

Solid state:

.

.
[2 marks]

Molten and aqueous state :

.

.
[2 marks]

d) Based on the information in Table 4, fill in the following blanks.

Substance . is soluble in water.

Substance and substance are insoluble in water
[3 marks]





Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 5


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CHAPTER 5 : CHEMICAL BOND

1 SPM 2006/P2/Q3

a) i) Because argon has 8 valence electron.
ii) Neon (Group 18 elements)
b) i) Sodium ion : Sodium atom donates one electron
(Na Na
+
+ e)

Chloride ion : Chlorine atom receives one electron from the sodium atom.
(Cl + e Cl
-
)

ii) Electrostatic force
iii) The ions can move freely now
iv) Energy or heat is used to break the ionic bond in sodium chloride
c) Q1


SPM 2007/P2/Q4
a) i) Structure : Molecule
Bonding : Covalent
ii) The molecules in P are held together by weak intermolecular forces. A small
amount of heat energy is needed to overcome the weak intermolecular
forces.
b) i) Substance Q : By sharing of electrons
ii) Substance R : By transfer of electrons
c) Solid state :
The negative and positive ions are in fixed positions and they cannot move
freely.

Molten and aqueous state :
The negative and positive ions can move freely. This enables them to conduct
electricity.
d) Substance R is soluble in water
Substance P and Q are insoluble in water















Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 5


5

CHAPTER 5 : CHEMICAL BOND

ANALYSIS OF PAST YEAR QUESTIONS FROM 2003 2008

Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Paper No. P2 P3 P2 P3 P2 P3 P2 P3 P2 P3 P2 P3
Type of
question
S E S E S E S E S E S E S E S E S E S E S E S E
Question
No

1b
1c
10c 3 4


1 SPM 2004/P2/Q1(SECTION B)

Figure 1 shows the chemical symbols which represent three elements, X, Y and Z.



Figure 1
a) F4 Topic : The Structure of The Atoms

i) Write the electron arrangement of atoms X and Y.
[2 marks]

ii) State the number of neutrons in an atom of element Z and write the symbol
for an isotope of element Z.
[2 marks]

b) The reaction between atoms of X and Y forms an ionic compound whereas the
reaction between atoms Y and Z forms a covalent compound.
Based on the above statement, explain how these ionic and covalent compounds
are formed
[8 marks]

c) The ionic compound formed from the reaction between elements X and Y is able to
conduct electricity when it is melted or dissolved in water.
Describe how you could prove that this statement is correct.
[8 marks]











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2 SPM 2005/P2/Q10(SECTION C)



a)
F4 Topic : The Structure of the atom

Isotopes are used for example in medicine, industry, science and archeology.
Choose two of the above examples.
State an isotope and its purpose in each example that you have chosen.
[4 marks]

b) Figure 10.1 shows the electron arrangement of a molecule PQ
2
.
These letter are not the actual symbols of the elements.



Figure 10.1
Based on Figure 10.1, write the electron arrangement for atoms of element P and
element Q.
Explain the position of element Q in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
[6 marks]

c) Table 10.2 shows the electron arrangement for atoms W, X and Y.
These letter are not the actual symbols of the elements.

Element Electron arrangement
W 2.4
X 2.8.7
Y 2.8.8.2

Table 10.2

Using the information in Table 10.2, explain how two compounds can be formed
from these elements based on their electron arrangements.
The two compounds should have different bond types.
[10 marks]








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7

CHAPTER 5 : CHEMICAL BOND

1 SPM 2004/P2/Q1(SECTION B)

a) i) The electron configuration of atom X: 2.8.1
The electron configuration of atom Y: 2.8.7
ii) The number of neutron in Z = 6
Isotope of
13
6
Z or
14
6
Z
b) 1. Atom X and atom Y will form ionic bond. The electron configuration of atom
X is 2.8.1 and the electron configuration of atom Y is 2.8.7.
2. To attain the stable electron configuration with 8 electrons in the valence
electron shell, atom X donates one electron to form a positive ion.
X X
+
+ e
3. Atom Y will receive the electron to form Y
-
ions, and attain the stable
electron configuration with 8 electrons in the valence electron shell.
Y + e Y
-

4. The X
+
ion will attract Y
-
ion with strong electrostatic force and form an ionic
compound with the formula XY.



6. Element Y and Z will form covalent compund. To attain stable electron
configuration with 8 electrons in the valence electron shell, atom Z shares
electrons with atom Y.
7. One atom of Z contributes 4 electrons and each atom of Y contributes one
electron.
8. Atom Z shares electrons with four atoms Y to form a covalent compound
with
the formula ZY
4
.






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c) The apparatus was set-up as shown in the diagrams below:



Figure (a)
For molten compound:
1. The crucible was filled with XY powder until 2/3 full.
2. The crucible with its content was then heated strongly untill all the XY powder
melts.
3. After that, two carbon electrodes, were dipped into the molten XY and the
switch was switched on.
4. The ammeter shows a reading when XY powder is melted.


Figure (b)

For aqueous solution:
1. Water was filled into the beaker.
2. The XY powder was added into the beaker and dissolved in the water.
3. After that, two carbon rods, acting as electrodes, were immersed into the
solution
of XY and the switch was switched on.
4. The bulb lights up.






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2 SPM 2005/P2/Q10(SECTION C)

a) Iodine-131 is used to cure cancer of thyroid glands
Carbon-14 is used to determine the age of a fossil or ancient artifacts
b) 1. The electron arrangement of P is 2.4 whereas the electron arrangement of
Q is 2.6.
2. Q is located in Group 16 because it has 6 valence electrons
3. Q is located in Period 2 because it has 2 electron shells filled with electrons.
c) 1. There are two types of chemical bonds, ionic bond and covalent bond.
2. The number of valence electrons of X and Y are 7 and 2 respectively.
3. Atom Y donates 2 electron to two atoms of X to form Y
2+
ion to attain a
stable octet electron arrangement.
4. Y Y
2+
+ 2e
5. Atom X receives 1 electron from atom Y to form X
-
ions to attain a
stable octet electron arrangement.
6. X + e X
-

7. Y
2+
and X
-
ions are attracted by strong electrostatic forces to produce an
ionic compound YX
2
.



8. The number of valence electrons of atom W and atom X are 4 and 7
respectively.
9. W and X tend to share valence electrons to attain a stable octet electron
arrangement.
10. Each atom W contributes four valence electrons whereas each atom X
contributes one valence electron.
11. Four atoms of X share electrons with one atom W. A covalent compound
WX
4
is formed.
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