1.

Background

Today , we are lacking of electricity in Indonesia.Almost 2 or 3 times power
black out in a day. Electricity is so useful today , so many equipment need electricity.So
many crisis coming out after that.Many household equipment is damaged, many
company reduce their employee and also reduce their salary.The most bad thing done by
goverment especially power plan side, they even dont reduce the electricity cost.Lacking
of water also another impact of it.

High demand of water but because pump tools cant working , many people lack
of water.Water is an important thing to support human life. It is used for many things
drinking , washing , watering plant , and etc.We are so dependent to water.Now we come
to the state to deal with the water scarcity.

To solve this problem , we are going to make water reservoir,there are 2 known
water reservoir , tower water tank and ground tank . For aesthetic reason and cost , many
people prefer to use ground tank , since it is placed under the land ( it is not visible) and
it is cheaper if we compare it with tower water tank because we dont need to make a
tower.

Here , we will discuss about both Tower water tank and Ground Tank.Explaining
how to construct it , all the spesific requirement like The height of tower , the capacity of
the tank , the wide of the pipe , the switch to open the pipe automatically when the
electricity is off, and many other.




2.The Purpose of this Project

- to solve the problem of water scarcity
- to know how to construct Tower Water Tank
- to know how to construct Ground Tank









3.Tools And Material

Making Tower Water Tank

No Tools and Materials Quantity
1 Stainless Tank 1000 L 1 pc
2 Pipe ( 25mm ( 1 ) Sufficiently
3 Water Pump 20 - 5 Meter 1 pc
4 Water Level Switch 1 pc
5 Pressure Switch 1 pc
6 Pipe ( 50mm (1) 1 pc


Making Ground Tank


No Tools and Materials Quantity
1 Pipe ( 25mm ( 1 ) Sufficiently
2 Water Pump 20 - 5 Meter 1 pc
3 Water Level Switch 1 pc
4 Pressure Switch 1 pc
5 Foot Valve 1 pc
6 Float Water Valve 1 pc












4. Discussion

For both system , Tower Water tank and Ground Tank , we use same pump engine ,
the image shown below.



According to water pump engine above , it is says that the water can reach 5 20
Meter and Maximum Suction height is 9 Meter.Since we take water from PDAM so
it is not to important.

Its also mentioned that the Water Debit is 10 28 Liter / Minute.We also need to use
Pipe both for suction and pushing 25 mm or about 1 inch.



Tower Water Tank Design

we make a simple system to illustrate how system is working.

We dont use really tower here , we use a 3
rd
floor house as a tower for reduce the cost
making this Water Tank.

Now we are going to observer where the system start working.
It start from PDAM supply water to Pumper.So,here we use water level switch.The figure
showed below


This tool is normally closed , so when the tank is empty , this tool will order the pumper
to start working.When the tank is going to full , the floating cylinder (the yellow one )
will floating and make a cable opened and order the pumper to stop working.

So,what we are going to make here , a water reservoir that keep store water in a tank.So ,
if suddenly power black out , there is a sufficient water storage that can be used.

Back to the system,after the water is stored in the tank . Now we are going to flow that
water to every floor.Since it is connected parallel to every floor , its good if we use quite
large pipe ( here we use 2 inch) . Usual problem is if the bot most floor using water ,
there is no water for second and third floor according to hydrostatic pressure , P = p.g.h ,
where the the highest is at the first floor according to the top of the building , so the
highest pressure at the bottom of the building (1
st
floor).

Another way to solve this problem , we can connect series between tank and each floor ,
so we provide 3 route for every floor.But the problem is we need many pipe here and it
will increase the cost of course.

Actually , we using the concept of reservoir here not a system just for working when the
electricty is off.Because if we make system like that , it has many lack.The simple one is
it order pumper to working harder , because it is keep turned on and off for every time
using water.whereas,if we use water storage we use pumper just for storing water.


Ground Tank
First of all , we want to say that the system above is actually combination between
ground and tower water tank.It is because we use 3
rd
Floor House here , if it just 1
st
Floor
House , we can directly connect from Pumper to that floor.But it is also have a lack , like
what we has explain before.For instance,if we use a water for cleaning a plate , it is usual
to use water bit than after a while we use it again.It will order pumper to working
periodically that mean we keep turning on and turning off the pumper that resulting in the
voltage use.So,the conclusion if we using Water Tank also.

Now , we look at the system in the tank. Sure we supply the water from PDAM also.But
how to control the PDAM so that if the tank is full it is stop supplying.Here , we use
Float Water Valve,that working nicely as a gate for water entering the tank.It is normally
closed when the tank is empty.It has a floating object there (red coloured in the picture) .
So when the water in the tank full , it will make that object floating horizontally and
cause the gate closed.So that water not longer supplied from PDAM.

We also add Foot Valve to make there is always water in the pipe connecting the tank
and the pumper,it is useful to reduce the work done by the pumper.It also prevent water
to leave the pipe to the tank again.

The next route is like previous explanation , it will go to the tank and stored again.After
that distributed to every floor.


Conclusion


We will conclude what we have describe in the discussion in a few line.The most
important thing that we must conclude is the most benefit choice between these two
method for storing water.We can say combining these two is the most effective thing to
prevent water scarcity due to power black out.

By combining these two , we start for store the water from PDAM to our Ground water
tank.From Ground tank we push the water upward from the pipe using pumper to the
Tank in the top of the house and Again start storing the water again.Then we can
distribute the water to each floor.










Refference

Anonymus.-.Water Tank.- : Wikimedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_tower.
(Accessed on 31 03 2014 ) .