LECTURE 9.

Solving Material Balance Problems Involving Non-Reactive Processes

Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos
SLIDE
1
Example 95. Distillation of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene
A liquid mixture containing 30.0 mole% benzene (B), 25.0%
toluene (T), and the balance xylene (X) is fed to a
distillation column.
The bottom product contains 98.0 mole% X and no B, and
96.0% of the X in the feed is recovered in this stream. The
overhead product is fed to a second distillation column.
The overhead product from the second column contains
97.0% of the B in the feed to this column. The composition
of this stream is 94.0 mole% B and the balance T.
LECTURE 9. Solving Material Balance Problems Involving Non-Reactive Processes
Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos
SLIDE
2
Example 95. Distillation of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene
Calculate
a. the percentage of the benzene in the process feed (i.e.
the feed to the first column) that emerges in the
overhead product from the second column.
b. the percentage of toluene in the process feed that
emerges in the bottom product from the second
column.
LECTURE 9. Solving Material Balance Problems Involving Non-Reactive Processes
Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos
SLIDE
3
Example 95. Distillation of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene
LECTURE 9. Solving Material Balance Problems Involving Non-Reactive Processes
Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos
SLIDE
4
Example 95. Distillation of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene
DEGREES OF FREEDOM ANALYSIS
Unit: Column 1
unknowns
(n
2
,n
3
,x
B2
,x
T2
)
+4
material balances 3
% recovery for X 1
Degrees of freedom 0
Unit: Column 2
unknowns
(n
2
,n
4
,n
5
,x
B2
,x
T2
,x
B5
,x
T5
)
+7
material balances 3
% recovery for B 1
Degrees of freedom +3
LECTURE 9. Solving Material Balance Problems Involving Non-Reactive Processes
Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos
SLIDE
5
Example 95. Distillation of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene
LECTURE 9. Solving Material Balance Problems Involving Non-Reactive Processes
Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos
SLIDE
6
Example 95. Distillation of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene
DEGREES OF FREEDOM ANALYSIS on Entire Process
Unit: Entire Process
unknowns (n
3
,n
4
,n
5
,x
B5
,x
T5
) +5
material balances 3
% recovery for X 1
Degrees of freedom +1
LECTURE 9. Solving Material Balance Problems Involving Non-Reactive Processes
Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos
SLIDE
7
Example 95. Distillation of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene
Column 1 Calculations:
1. 96% recovery of X =====> n
3
= 44.1 mol/h
2. Total Balance =====> n
2
= 55.9 mol/h
3. Benzene Balance =====> x
B2
= 0.536 mol B/mol
4. Toulene Balance =====> x
T2
= 0.431 mol T/mol
Column 2 Calculations:
1. 97% recovery of B =====> n
4
= 31.0 mol/h
2. Total Balance =====> n
5
= 24.9 mol/h
LECTURE 9. Solving Material Balance Problems Involving Non-Reactive Processes
Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos
SLIDE
8
Example 95. Distillation of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene
Column 2 Calculations (cont.):
3. Benzene Balance =====> x
B5
= 0.036 mol B/mol
4. Toulene Balance =====> x
T5
= 0.892 mol T/mol
Additional Calculations:


4 B4
5 T5
n x amountinfinal overhead
%RecoveryB x100 97%
amount infeed (100)(0.300)
n x amountinfinal bottom
%RecoveryT x100 89%
amountinfeed (100)(0.250)
LECTURE 9. Solving Material Balance Problems Involving Non-Reactive Processes
Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos
SLIDE
9
Example 96. Separation of Benzene and Toluene by Distillation
An equimolar liquid mixture of benzene and toluene is
separated into two product streams by distillation.
The vapor stream leaving at the top of the column, which
contains 97 mole% benzene, is fed to a condenser to
undergo complete condensation.
The condensed liquid is split into two equal fractions: one
is taken off as the final overhead product stream and the
other (the reflux) is recycled to the top of the column.
The final overhead product contains 89.2% of the benzene
fed to the column.
LECTURE 9. Solving Material Balance Problems Involving Non-Reactive Processes
Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos
SLIDE
10
Example 96. Separation of Benzene and Toluene by Distillation
The liquid leaving the bottom of the column is fed to a
partial reboiler in which 45% of it is vaporized.
The vapor generated in the reboiler (the boilup) is recycled
to the column, and the residual reboiler liquid is taken as
the final bottom product stream.
The compositions of the streams leaving the reboiler are
governed by the relation:
B B
B B
y /(1-y )
= 2.25
x /(1-x )
LECTURE 9. Solving Material Balance Problems Involving Non-Reactive Processes
Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos
SLIDE
11
Example 96. Separation of Benzene and Toluene by Distillation
where y
B
and x
B
are the mole fractions of benzene in the
vapor and liquid streams, respectively.
Using 100 mol of feed as a basis, calculate
a. the molar amounts of the overhead and bottoms
products
b. the mole fraction of benzene in the bottoms product
c. and the percentage recovery of toluene in the bottoms
product.
LECTURE 9. Solving Material Balance Problems Involving Non-Reactive Processes
Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos
SLIDE
12
Example 96. Separation of Benzene and Toluene by Distillation
LECTURE 9. Solving Material Balance Problems Involving Non-Reactive Processes
Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos
SLIDE
13
Example 95. Distillation of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene
DEGREES OF FREEDOM ANALYSIS
Unit: Entire Process
unknowns
(n
3
,n
5
,y
B3
)
+3
material balances 2
% recovery for B 1
Degrees of freedom 0
Unit: Dist. Column
unknowns
(n
2
,n
4
,n
5
,y
B2
,y
B4
)
+5
material balances 2
Degrees of freedom +3
LECTURE 9. Solving Material Balance Problems Involving Non-Reactive Processes
Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos
SLIDE
14
Example 95. Distillation of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene
DEGREES OF FREEDOM ANALYSIS
Unit: Reboiler
unknowns
(n
2
,n
3
,n
4
,y
B2
,y
B3
,y
B4
)
+6
material balances 2
45 % vaporization 1
mole fraction relationship 1
Degrees of freedom +2
LECTURE 9. Solving Material Balance Problems Involving Non-Reactive Processes
Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos
SLIDE
15
Example 95. Distillation of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene
Overall Process Calculations:
1. 89.2% recovery of B =====> n
5
= 91.96 mol
2. Total Balance =====> n
3
= 54.02 mol
3. Benzene Balance =====> y
B3
= 0.100 mol B/mol
Reboiler Calculations:
1. mole fraction relation =====> y
B4
= 0.200 mol B/mol
2. % vaporization =====> n
4
and n
2
3. Total Balance =====> n
4
and n
2
LECTURE 9. Solving Material Balance Problems Involving Non-Reactive Processes
Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos
SLIDE
16
Example 95. Distillation of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene
Reboiler Calculations (cont.):
Solve the last 2 equations simultaneously:
n
2
= 98.22 mol ; n
4
= 44.20 mol
4. Benzene Balance =====> y
B2
= 0.145 mol B/mol
Additional Calculation:

3 B3
n (1 y ) amount inbottom
%RecoveryT x100 97%
amount infeed (100mol)(0.50)
LECTURE 9. Solving Material Balance Problems Involving Non-Reactive Processes
Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos
SLIDE
17
Example 95. Distillation of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene
Summary of Answers:
Molar amount of overhead: 0.5n
5
= 45.98 mol
Molar amount of bottom: n
3
= 54.02 mol
Fraction of benzene in bottom y
B3
= 0.100 mol B/mol
% Recovery of toluene 97%