NFPA 385

Standard for Tank Vehicles

for Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Estndar para vehculos cisterna para lquidos inflamables y combustibles
!!! "dition
Cha#ter $ %eneral Pro&isions
$'$ Sco#e(
Alcance
1-1.1* This standard shall apply to tank vehicles to be used for the transportation of
asphalt or normally stable flammable and combustible liquids with a flash point
below 200! "#$.%&'. (t shall provide minimum requirements for the desi)n and
construction of car)o tanks and their appurtenances and shall set forth certain
matters pertainin) to tank vehicles.
1-1.1* Este estndar se aplicar a los vehculos tanque que se utilizarn para el
transporte del asfalto o de los lquidos inflamables y combustibles normalmente
estables con un punto de inflamacin debajo de 200F !"#$%&# 'roporcionar
los requisitos mnimos para el dise(o y la construccin de los tanques del
camin de car)a y de sus accesorios y dispondr asuntos referentes a los
vehculos tanque#
1-1.2 The provisions of this standard shall not preclude the use of additional safe)uards
for tank vehicles used for the transportation of flammable and combustible
liquids havin) characteristics introducin) additional factors such as hi)h rates of
e*pansion+ instability+ corrosiveness+ and to*icity.
1-1.2 *as recomendaciones de este estndar no impedirn el uso de las medidas
adicionales para los vehculos tanque usados para el transporte de los lquidos
inflamables y combustibles con caractersticas adicionales tales como altos
ndices de e+pansin, inestabilidad, corrosividad, y to+icidad#
1-1.$ The provisions of this standard shall also apply to cutback asphalts that have flash
points below 100! "$,.-&' and to liquids transported at temperatures elevated
above their flash points.
1-1.$ *as precauciones de este estndar tambi-n se aplicarn a los asfaltos de puntos
de inflamacin debajo de .00F "/#0%& y a los lquidos transportados a
temperaturas mayores a sus puntos de inflamacin#
1-1.% The requirements for aircraft fuel servicin) tank vehicles shall be in accordance
with .!/A %0,+ 0tandard for Aircraft !uel 0ervicin).
1-1.% *os requerimientos para los vehculos tanque utilizados para el servicio de
abastecimiento de combustibles a las aeronaves estarn acorde con la norma
1F'2 $0/#
1-1.1 A tank vehicle transportin) a flammable or combustible liquid in interstate service
shall be considered to be in conformity with this standard while it is in interstate
service if it meets the requirements of the 2.0. 3epartment of Transportation
45a6ardous 7aterials 8e)ulations+9 Title %#+ &ode of !ederal 8e)ulations+ /arts
1,1-1,#.
1-1.1 El transporte de combustibles lquidos e inflamables de un Estado a otro en 342,
ser conforme siempre y cuando cumplan con los requerimientos del
5epartamento de 6ransporte de materiales peli)rosos de 342#
$' )efinitions(
1-2.1* Approved. Acceptable to the authority havin) :urisdiction.
1-2.2 ;affle. A nonliquidti)ht transverse partition in a car)o tank.
1-2.$ ;ulkhead. A liquidti)ht transverse closure between compartments of a car)o tank.
1-2.% &ar)o Tank. Any tank havin) a liquid capacity in e*cess of 110 )al "%1- <' used
for carryin) flammable and combustible liquids or asphalt and mounted
permanently or otherwise upon a tank vehicle. The term car)o tank does not
apply to any container used solely for the purpose of supplyin) fuel for the
propulsion of the tank vehicle upon which it is mounted.
1-2.1 &ombustible <iquid. A combustible liquid is any liquid that has a closed-cup flash
point at or above 100! "$,.-&'+ as determined by the test procedures and
apparatus set forth in .!/A $0+ !lammable and &ombustible <iquids &ode+ 1-
,.%. &ombustible liquids are classified as &lass (( or &lass ((( as follows= "a'
&lass (( <iquid > any liquid that has a flash point at or above 100! "$,.-&'
and below 1%0! "?0&'@ "b' &lass (((A > any liquid that has a flash point at or
above 1%0! "?0&'+ but below 200! "#$&'@ "c' &lass (((; > any liquid that
has a flash point at or above 200! "#$&'.
1-2.? &ompartment. A liquidti)ht division in a car)o tank.
1-2., !lammable <iquid. Any liquid that has a closed-cup flash point below 100!
"$,.-&'+ as determined by the test procedures and apparatus set forth .!/A $0+
!lammable and &ombustible <iquids &ode+ 1-,.%. !lammable liquids shall be
classified as &lass ( as follows= "a' &lass ( <iquid > any liquid that has a closed-
cup flash point below 100! "$,.-&' and a 8eid vapor pressure not e*ceedin)
%0 psia "20?-.? mm 5)' at 100! "$,.-&'+ as determined by A0T7 3 $2$+
0tandard 7ethod of Test for Aapor /ressure of /etroleum /roducts "8eid
7ethod'. &lass ( liquids shall be further classified as follows= "1' &lass (A liquids
> those liquids that have flash points below ,$! "22.-&' and boilin) points
below 100! "$,.-&'@ "2' &lass (; liquids > those liquids that have flash points
below ,$! "22.-&' and boilin) points at or above 100! "$,.-&'@ "$' &lass (&
liquids > those liquids that have flash points at or above ,$! "22.-&'+ but
below 100! "$,.-&'.
1-2.-* !lash /oint. The minimum temperature of a liquid at which sufficient vapor is
)iven off to form an i)nitible mi*ture with the air+ near the surface of the liquid
or within the vessel used.
1-2.# 5ead. A liquidti)ht transverse closure at the end of a car)o tank.
1-2.10 <abeled. Bquipment or materials to which has been attached a label+ symbol+ or
other identifyin) mark of an or)ani6ation that is acceptable to the authority
havin) :urisdiction and concerned with product evaluation+ that maintains
periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materials+ and by
whose labelin) the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards
or performance in a specified manner.
1-2.11 <iquid. Any material that has a fluidity )reater than that of $00 penetration
asphalt when tested in accordance with A0T7 3 1+ Test for /enetration for
;ituminous 7aterials.
1-2.12* <isted. Bquipment+ materials+ or services included in a list published by an
or)ani6ation that is acceptable to the authority havin) :urisdiction and concerned
with evaluation of products or services+ that maintains periodic inspection of
production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services+
and whose listin) states that either the equipment+ material+ or service meets
appropriate desi)nated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a
specified purpose.
1-2.1$ Tank+ !ull-Trailer. Any vehicle with or without au*iliary motive power+ equipped
with a car)o tank mounted thereon or built as an inte)ral part thereof+ used for the
transportation of flammable and combustible liquids or asphalt+ and so
constructed that practically all of its wei)ht and load rests on its own wheels.
1-2.1$ 6anque, completamente acoplado# %ualquier vehculo motorizado o no
motorizado, equipado de un tanque de car)amento montado sobre el mismo
vehculo, utilizado para el transporte de lquidos o asfalto inflamables y
combustibles#
1-2.1% Tank+ 0emi-Trailer. Any vehicle with or without au*iliary motive power+
equipped with a car)o tank mounted thereon or build as an inte)ral part thereof+
used for the transportation of flammable and combustible liquid or asphalt+ and
so constructed that+ when drawn by a tractor by means of a fifth wheel
connection+ some part of its load and wei)ht rests upon the towin) vehicle.
1-2.1% %amin semi remolcado# %ualquier vehculo motorizado o no motorizado,
equipado de un tanque de car)a montado sobre la estructura del vehculo como
parte inte)ral del mismo, usado para el transporte de combustible lquido e
inflamable, y construido tal que, cuando es remolcado, una cierta parte de su
car)a y el peso se reclina sobre el vehculo de remolque#
1-2.11 Tank Truck. Any sin)le self-propelled motor vehicle equipped with a car)o tank
mounted thereon and used for the transportation of flammable and combustible
liquids or asphalt.
1-2.11 %amin tanque# %ualquier vehculo motorizado equipado de un tanque de car)a
montado sobre el mismo vehculo y utilizado para el transporte de lquidos
inflamables y combustibles.
1-2.1? Tank Aehicle. Any tank truck+ tank full-trailer+ or tractor and tank semi-trailer
combination.
1-2.1? 7ehculo del tanque# %ualquier carro del tanque, completamente acoplado al
tanque, o una combinacin del tractor y semi8remolque del tanque#
1-2.1,* Aapor /ressure. The pressure+ measured in pounds per square inch+ absolute
"psia'+ e*erted by a liquid+ as determined by A0T7 3 $2$+ 0tandard 7ethod of
Test for Aapor /ressure of /etroleum /roducts "8eid 7ethod'.
Cha#ter
Tank Vehicle )esi*n
'$ %eneral(
2-1.1 3esi)n of the tank vehicle shall )ive en)ineerin) consideration to the structural
relationship between the car)o tank+ the propulsion equipment+ and the
supportin) members+ if any+ with due re)ard to the wei)ht and temperature of the
car)o+ road performance+ brakin)+ and required ru))edness. The metal
thicknesses specified in this chapter shall be the minimum thicknesses dictated by
the structure of the tank itself. These thicknesses shall be permitted to be
increased where the tank shell is to be sub:ected to additional stress. The )eneral
desi)n of the car)o tank and vehicle chassis shall be arran)ed to )ive the best
combination of structural characteristics and vehicle performance. The desi)n of
the suspension system shall incorporate features to help assure lateral or tippin)
stability when turnin) corners.
2-1.1 El dise(o del vehculo del tanque considerar la relacin estructural entre el
tanque de car)a, el equipo de la propulsin y las partes de soporte, si los hay,
con relacin al peso y a la temperatura del car)amento, las caractersticas del
camino y el frenado# *os espesores del metal especificados en este captulo
sern los espesores mnimos e+i)idos por la estructura del tanque mismo# Estos
espesores podrn ser aumentados en reas de mayor tensin# El dise(o
)eneral del chasis del tanque y del vehculo de car)a ser el apropiado para
brindar una mejor combinacin de caractersticas y funcionamiento estructurales
del vehculo# El dise(o del sistema de la suspensin tendr en cuenta la
estabilidad lateral cuando el vehculo )ira en las esquinas#
2-1.2 Any car)o tank desi)ned for transportin) materials at liquid temperatures above
ambient temperatures shall have a metal warnin) plate not sub:ect to corrosion
located in a conspicuous place on the ri)ht side near the front. 0uch plate shall be
permanently affi*ed to the tank or tank frame. 2pon it shall be marked in
characters at least 1C2 in. "1$ mm' hi)h by stampin)+ embossin)+ or other means
of formin) letters into or on the metal of the plate itself at least the followin)
information=
7a*imum allowable car)o temperature is DDD! "DDD&'.
This ma*imum allowable car)o temperature shall be specified by the
manufacturer of the car)o tank.
2-1.2 %ualquier tanque de car)a dise(ado para transportar a temperaturas mayores al
ambiente tendr una placa de advertencia bien ubicada que indicar la m+ima
temperatura permitida# Esta temperatura m+ima permitida de la car)a ser
especificada por el fabricante del tanque#
2-1.$* &ar)o tanks used for transportin) flammable and combustible liquids at
temperatures equal to or above their boilin) points shall be constructed in
accordance with 0ection 2-2.
2-1.$* *os tanques car)a usados para transportar lquidos inflamables y combustibles a
temperaturas i)uales o sobre a sus puntos de ebullicin sern construidos de
acuerdo con la seccin 282#
2-1.% &ar)o tanks used for transportin) flammable and combustible liquids at a
temperature below their boilin) points shall be constructed in accordance with
the provisions of 0ection 2-$.
2-1.% *os tanques de car)a usados para transportar lquidos inflamables y
combustibles a temperaturas debajo de sus puntos de ebullicin sern
construidos de acuerdo con las precauciones de la seccin 28"#
2-1.1* The material used in the construction of the car)o tanks shall be compatible with
the chemical characteristics of the flammable and combustible liquid to be
transported.
2-1.1* El material utilizado en la construccin de los tanques de car)a sern
compatibles con las caractersticas qumicas de los lquidos combustibles e
inflamables por transportar
2-1.? Ehere a sin)le car)o tank is divided into compartments of different specification
construction+ each such compartment shall conform to specification requirements
concerned and be so identified with a permanent metal plate.
2-1.? 5onde un solo tanque de car)a se divide en compartimientos, cada uno cumplir
con las especificaciones e+i)idas#
' Car*o Tanks+ Pi#in*+ and Connections )esi*ned for Trans#ortin*
Flammable and Combustible Liquids at Tem#eratures at or abo&e Their
,oilin* Points(
Car*o tanks+ #i#in*+ and connections desi*ned for trans#ortin* flammable
and combustible liquids abo&e their boilin* #oints shall be built in
accordance -ith Part $.8 of /0 CF1 $.8+ or in accordance -ith Cha#ter 2 of
NFPA 58+ Liquefied Petroleum %as Code(
' Tanques, tuberas y conexiones del tanque de carga para transportar
lquidos inflamables y combustibles a temperaturas sobre sus puntos
ebullicin. Sern construidos de acuerdo con la parte 178 de ! "#$ 178, o
de acuerdo con el captulo % de &#'( )8 "digo para *+'.
'3 Car*o Tanks+ Pi#in*+ and Connections )esi*ned for Transfer of Flammable
and Combustible Liquids at Tem#eratures belo- Their ,oilin* Points(
'3 Tanques, tuberas y conexiones del tanque de carga para la transferencia
de lquidos inflamables y combustibles a temperaturas deba,o de sus
puntos de ebullicin.
2-$.1 Feneral. &ar)o tanks constructed after the effective date of this standard shall be
constructed in accordance with 0ection 2-$. &ontinued use of e*istin) car)o
tanks constructed in accordance with prior editions of this standard shall be
permitted+ but new construction accordin) to older standards shall not be
permitted.
2-$.1 9eneral# *os tanques de car)a construidos despu-s de la fecha de emisin de
este estndar sern construidos de acuerdo con la seccin 28"#
2-$.2* 7aterial. All sheet and plate material for shell+ heads+ bulkheads+ and baffles for
car)o tanks that are not required to be constructed in accordance with the A07B
;oiler and /ressure Aessel &ode shall meet the followin) minimum applicable
requirements.
2-$.2* :aterial# 6odo el material de construccin de las partes de un tanque de car)a
no requiere cumplir con 24:E ;oiler and 'ressure 7essel, debern cumplir con
los mnimos si)uientes<
"a' Aluminum Alloys "A<'. Gnly aluminum alloy material suitable for fusion
weldin) and in compliance with A0T7 ; 20#+ 0pecification for Aluminum
and Aluminum-Alloy 0heet and /late+ shall be used.
All heads+ bulkheads+ baffles+ and rin) stiffeners shall be permitted to use 0
temper "annealed' or stron)er tempers. All shells shall be made of materials
with properties equivalent to 5$2 or 5$% tempers+ e*cept that lower ultimate
stren)th tempers shall be permitted to be used if the minimum shell
thicknesses in Table 2-$.$.1"b' are increased in inverse proportion to the
lesser ultimate stren)th.
"a' 2leaciones de aluminio 2*&# 4e aplica soldaduras de acuerdo al 246: ;
20!, Especificaciones para *aminas y 'latos de 2luminio y de 2leacin de
2luminio##
"b' 0teel. 0teel shall meet the requirements of Table 2-$.2"b'.
"b' 2cero# El acero cumplir los requisitos de la tabla 28"#2 b&#
Table '3(3b4 Caracter5sticas del Acero
"aracterstica
(cero
Sua-e
./S0
(lta $esistencia
(cero de ba,a
aleacin .1S+(0
(cero
inoxidable
austenco .SS0
=ield stren)th 2>,000 psi $>,000 psi 2>,000 psi
3ltimate stren)th $>,000 psi ?0,000 psi /0,000 psi
Elon)acin, 28in#
samples
20@ 2>@ "0@
2-$.$ Bspesores.
2-$.$.1 The minimum thicknesses of tank material authori6ed shall be predicated
on not e*ceedin) the ma*imum allowable stress level but in no case shall be
less than those indicated in Tables 2-$.$.1"a' and 2-$.$.1"b'.
2-$.$.1 *os espesores mnimos del material del tanque no e+ceder el nivel
m+imo permitido de la tensin pero de nin)An modo sern menores que
los indicados en las tablas 28"#"#. a& y 28"#"#. b&#
Table 234.4.1.a0 /inimum T5ic6ness of 1eads, 7ul65eads, and 7affles. /ild
Steel ./S0, 1ig5 Strengt5 +o8 (lloy Steel .1S+(0, (ustenitic
Stainless Steel .SS0, in 9.S. Standard *age: (luminum (lloy
.(+0, ;xpressed in <ecimals of an =nc5
Table 234.4.1.b0 /inimum T5ic6ness of S5ell S5eets. /ild Steel ./S0, 1ig5
Strengt5 +o8 (lloy Steel .1S+(0, (ustenitic Stainless Steel
.SS0, in 9.S. Standard *age: (luminum (lloy .(+0,
;xpressed in <ecimals of an =nc5
2-$.$.2 The material thicknesses contained in Tables 2-$.$.1"a' and 2-$.$.1"b' shall
be minimums based on a ma*imum ,.2 lb per )al "0.-? k)C<' product
wei)ht. (f the tank is desi)ned to haul products wei)hin) more than ,.2 lb
per )al "0.-? k)C<'+ the )allon per inch value used to determine the
minimum thickness of heads+ bulkheads+ baffles+ or shell sheets shall be the
actual section capacity required in )allons per inch multiplied by the actual
product density in pounds per )allon divided by ,.2.
2-$.$.2 *os espesores de los materiales contenidos en las tablas 28"#"#. a& y
28"#"#. b& sern aplicados para productos que pesan como m+imo /#2
libras por )aln 0#0? B)C*&# 4i el tanque se dise(a para acarrear
productos que pesan ms de /#2 libras por el espesor mnimo ser
determinado por la capacidad real de la seccin requerida multiplicada por
la densidad real del producto en libras por )aln dividido por /#2#
2-$.$.$ Ehere aluminum is used for car)o tanks intended to transport car)oes at
liquid temperatures above 210! "121.1&'+ the minimum thicknesses shall
be increased by 1 percent for each 10! "1.1?&' or portion thereof above
210! "121.1&'. Ehere the liquid temperatures are above 100! "2?0&'+
there shall be an additional 1 percent for each 10! "1.1?&' or portion
thereof above 100! "2?0&'. Aluminum shall not be used for car)o tanks
transportin) car)oes at temperatures above 110! "2--&'.
2-$.$.$ 4i se utiliza aluminio para los tanques de car)a para transportar productos
a temperaturas sobre 2>0F .2.#.%&, los espesores mnimos sern
aumentados en . por ciento para cada .0F >#>?%&# 5onde las
temperaturas se encuentran sobre >00F 2?0%&, habr un . por ciento
adicionales para cada .0F >#>?%&# El aluminio no ser utilizado para los
tanques de car)a que transportan productos a temperaturas sobre >>0F
200%&#
2-$.% 0tructural (nte)rity.
(nte)ridad Bstructural
2-$.%.1 The ma*imum calculated stress value shall not e*ceed 20 percent of the
minimum ultimate stren)th of the material as authori6ed e*cept where
A07B pressure vessel desi)n requirements apply "see 0ection A(((+ A07B
;oiler and /ressure Aessel &ode'.
2-$.%.1 El valor m+imo de la tensin no e+ceder 20 por ciento de la Altima
fuerza mnima del material se)An lo autorizado a menos que se e+ijan los
requerimientos de la 24:E v-ase la seccin 7DDD, la caldera de 24:E
;oiler and pressure 7essel %ode&#
2-$.%.2 &ar)o tanks shall be provided with additional structural elements as
necessary to prevent resultin) stresses in e*cess of those permitted in 2-
$.%.1. &onsideration shall be )iven to forces imposed by each of the
followin) loads individually and+ where applicable+ a vector summation of
any combination thereof=
2-$.%.2 *os tanques de car)a contarn con elementos estructurales adicionales
cuanto sea necesario para prevenir tensiones que resultan superiores a
las permitidas en 28"#$#.# 4e tendr en cuenta las si)uientes car)as<
"a'3ynamic loadin) under all product load confi)urations.
"b'(nternal pressure.
"c'0uperimposed loads such as operatin) equipment+ insulation+ linin)s+
hose tubes+ cabinets+ and pipin).
"d'8eactions of supportin) lu)s and saddles or other supports.
"e'Bffect of temperature )radients resultin) from product and ambient
temperature e*tremes. Thermal coefficients of dissimilar materials where
used shall be accommodated.
a& %ar)a dinmica bajo todas las confi)uraciones para la car)a del
producto#
b& 'resin interna#
c& %ar)as adicionales tales como equipo de operacin, aislamientos,
tuberas, man)ueras, )abinetes, etc#
d& Eeacciones en los soportes#
e& Efecto de los )radientes de la temperatura resultando de producto y de
e+tremos ambiente de la temperatura# *os coeficientes termales de los
materiales dismiles donde utilizado sern acomodados#
2-$.1 Hoints.
2-$.1 Bmpalmes
2-$.1.1 All :oints between tank shells+ heads+ baffles "or baffle attachin) rin)s'+ and
bulkheads shall be welded in accordance with the requirements contained in
this section.
28"#>#. 6odos los empalmes sern soldados con aut)ena de acuerdo con los
requisitos contenidos en esta seccin#
2-$.1.2 All welded aluminum alloy :oints shall be made in accordance with
reco)ni6ed )ood practice+ and the efficiency of a :oint shall not be less than
-1 percent of the properties of the ad:acent material. Aluminum alloys shall
be :oined by an inert )as arc weldin) process usin) aluminum-ma)nesium
type of filler metals that are consistent with the material supplierIs
recommendations.
28"#>#2 6odos los empalmes soldados con aut)ena en la aleacin de aluminio
sern hechos de acuerdo a las buenas prcticas reconocidas y la eficacia
de un empalme ser mayor a 0>@ de las caractersticas del material
adyacente# *as aleaciones de aluminio sern ensambladas por tipo de
proceso de soldadura arco de )as de aluminio8ma)nesio#
2-$.1.$ All welded :oints in mild steel "70'+ hi)h stren)th low alloy steel "50<A'+
and austenitic stainless steel "00' shall be made in accordance with
reco)ni6ed )ood practice+ and the efficiency of any :oint shall not be less
than -1 percent of the mechanical properties of the ad:acent metal in the
tank.
28"#>#" 6odos los empalmes soldados con aut)ena en el acero suave :4&, el
acero poco aleado de alta resistencia F4*2&, y el acero ino+idable
austenitic 44& sern hechos de acuerdo con la buena prctica reconocida
y la eficacia de cualquier empalme no sern menores 0>@ de las
caractersticas mecnicas del metal adyacente en el tanque#
2-$.1.% &ombinations of mild steel "70'+ hi)h stren)th low alloy "50<A'+ andCor
austenitic stainless steel "00' shall be permitted to be used in the
construction of a sin)le tank+ provided that each material+ where used+ shall
comply with the minimum requirements specified for the material used in
the construction of that section of the tank. Ehenever stainless steel sheets
are used in combination with sheets of other types of steel+ :oints made by
weldin) shall be formed by the use of stainless steel electrodes or filler rods
and the stainless steel electrodes or filler rods used in the weldin) shall be
suitable for use with the )rade of stainless steel concerned accordin) to the
recommendations of the manufacturer of the stainless steel electrodes or
filler rods.
28"#>#$ *as combinaciones del acero suave :4&, del acero ino+idable poco
aleado F4*2&, yCo austenitic de alta resistencia 44& sern aceptadas en
la construccin de un solo tanque, siempre y cuando se cumpla los
requisitos mnimos e+i)idos para cada material#
2-$.1.1 &ompliance with the requirements contained in 2-$.1.2 or 2-$.1.$ for the
welded :oints indicated in 2-$.1.1 shall be determined by preparin)+ from
materials representative of those to be used in tanks sub:ect to this
specification and by the same technique of fabrication+ two test specimens
conformin) to !i)ure 2-$.1.1 and testin) them to failure in tension. Gne
pair of test specimens shall represent all the tanks to be made of the same
combination of materials by the same technique of fabrication+ and in the
same shop+ within si* months after the tests on such samples have been
completed. The butt welded specimens tested shall be considered qualifyin)
other types or combinations of types of weld usin) the same filler material
and weldin) process as lon) as parent metals are of the same types of
material.
28"#>#> *a conformidad con los requisitos contenidos en 28"#>#2 o 28"#>#" para los
empalmes con aut)ena indicados en 28"#>#. ser determinada
preparndose dos muestras de prueba de tensin conforme la
Fi)ura 28"#>#># 3n par de muestras de la prueba representar todos los
tanques que se harn de la misma combinacin de materiales por la
misma t-cnica de la fabricacin, y en la misma tienda, por un periodo de
seis meses despu-s de que las pruebas en tales muestras se hayan
realizado#
!i)ure 2-$.1.1 Tensile test specimen.
2-$.? 0upports and Anchorin).
2-$.? 0oportes y Ancla:es.
2-$.?.1 &ar)o tanks with frames not made inte)ral with the tank as by weldin)
shall be provided with restrainin) devices to eliminate any relative motion
between the tank and frame that may result from the stoppin)+ startin)+ or
turnin) of the vehicle. 0uch restrainin) devices shall be readily accessible
for inspection and maintenance+ e*cept that insulation and :acketin) shall be
permitted to cover the restrainin) devices.
28"#?#. 6anques de car)a que no cuentan con marcos inte)rados al vehculo,
sern fijados y ase)urados de tal forma que se eliminen cualquier
movimiento del tanque mismo ante una parada yCo arranque brusco o un
)iro del mismo# Estos dispositivos de fijacin sern fcilmente accesibles
para la inspeccin y el mantenimiento#
2-$.?.2 Any car)o tank desi)ned and constructed so that it constitutes in whole or
in part the structural member used in lieu of a frame shall be supported in
such a manner that the resultin) stress levels in the car)o tank do not
e*ceed those specified in 2-$.%.1. The desi)n calculations of the support
elements shall include loadin)s imposed by stoppin)+ startin)+ and turnin)
in addition to those imposed as indicated in 2-$.%.2 usin) 20 percent of the
minimum ultimate stren)th of the support material.
28"#?#2 %ualquier tanque de car)a construido con dispositivos de fijacin que no
incluye un miembro estructural como un marco, deber considerar que los
niveles de tensin que resulten en el tanque de car)a no e+cedan aquellos
especificados en 28"#$#.#
2-$., &ircumferential 8einforcement.
28"#/ Eefuerzo circunferencial
2-$.,.1 Tanks with shell thicknesses less than $C- in. "#.$ mm' shall+ in addition to
the reinforcement provided by the tank heads+ be circumferentially
reinforced with either bulkheads+ baffles+ or rin) stiffeners. (t shall be
permitted to use any combination of the aforementioned reinforcements in a
sin)le car)o tank.
28"#/#. *os tanques con espesores en la carcasa menores de "C0 pul)# !#"
milmetros&, en adicin al refuerzo instalado en los cabezales del tanque,
debern contar con un refuerzo circunferencial con tabiques herm-ticos,
bafles yCo refuerzos de anillo# 4er permitido para utilizar cualquier
combinacin de los refuerzos ya mencionados en un solo tanque del
car)o#
2-$.,.2 &ircumferential reinforcement shall be located in such a manner that the
ma*imum unreinforced portion of the shell be as specified in
Table 2-$.$.1"b' and in no case shall be more than ?0 in. "112% mm'.
Additionally+ such circumferential reinforcement shall be located within 1
in. "21.% mm' of points where discontinuity in lon)itudinal shell sheet
ali)nment e*ceeds 10 de)rees unless otherwise reinforced with structural
members capable of maintainin) shell sheet stress levels permitted in 2-$.?.
28"#/#2 El refuerzo circunferencial ser ubicado de manera que la porcin m+ima
no reforzada de la carcasa cumpla lo especificado en la tabla 28"#"#. b& y
de nin)An modo ser ms de ?0 pul)# .>2$ milmetros&# 2dems, tal
refuerzo circunferencial ser situado a . pul)# 2>#$ milmetros& de los
puntos donde la discontinuidad en la alineacin lon)itudinal de la plancha
de la carcasa e+cede .0 )rados a menos que est- reforzada con partes
estructurales capaces de mantener los niveles de tensin de la plancha de
la carcasa permitido en 28"#?#
2-$.,.$ ;affles or baffle attachin) rin)s+ where used as reinforcement members+
shall be circumferentially welded to the tank shell. The weldin) shall be not
less than 10 percent of the total circumference of the vessel+ and the
ma*imum unwelded space on this :oint shall not e*ceed %0 times the shell
thickness.
28"#/#" *os bafles o el bafle que unen los anillos, donde son utilizados como
partes de refuerzo, sern circunferencialmente soldados con aut)ena a la
carcasa del tanque# *a soldadura ser no menor que >0@ de la
circunferencia total del recipiente, y el espacio m+imo no soldado en este
empalme no e+ceder $0 veces el )rosor de la carcasa#
2-$.,.% Eherever double bulkheads are provided+ they shall be separated by an air
space. This air space shall be vented and equipped with draina)e facilities
that shall be kept operative at all times "see ?-1.,'.
28"#/#$ 5ondequiera que se ubiquen los tabiques herm-ticos dobles, estos sern
separados por un espacio de aire# Este espacio de aire ser venteado y
equipado con facilidades de drenaje siempre operativas siempre v-ase
?8.#/&#
2-$.,.1 8in) stiffeners+ where used to comply with this section+ shall be continuous
around the circumference of the tank shell and shall have a section modulus
about the neutral a*is of the rin) section parallel to the shell at least equal to
that determined by the followin) formulas=
28"#/#> *os anillos de fijacin sern continuas alrededor de la circunferencia de la
carcasa del tanque y tendr un mdulo de seccin sobre el eje neutral de
la seccin del anillo paralela a la carcasa por lo menos i)ual a la
determinada por las frmulas si)uientes<
Ehere
J section modulus "in.$'
E J tank width or diameter "in.'
< J rin) spacin) "in.'@ i.e.+ the ma*imum distance from the
midpoint of the unsupported shell on one side of the rin)
stiffener to the midpoint of the unsupported shell on the
opposite side of the rin) stiffener
Espaciamiento del anillo pul)#&G es decir, la distancia
m+ima del punto medio de la carcasa sin apoyo en un
lado del anillo de refuerzo al punto medio de la carcasa
sin apoyo en el lado opuesto del anillo de refuerzo#
2-$.,.1.1 Ehere a rin) stiffener is welded to the tank shell "with each
circumferential weld not less than 10 percent of the total
circumference of the vessel and the ma*imum unwelded space on
this :oint not e*ceedin) %0 times the shell thickness'+ a portion of
the shell shall be permitted to be considered as part of the rin)
section for purposes of computin) the rin) section modulus. The
ma*imum portion of the shell to be used in these calculations is as
shown in Table 2-$.,.1.1.
28"#/#>#. 5onde un anillo de refuerzo se suelda a la carcasa del tanque
con cada soldadura circunferencial no menor del >0@ de la
circunferencia total del recipiente y el m+imo espacio no soldado
en este empalme que no e+cede de $0 veces el espesor de la
carcasa&, una porcin de la carcasa ser permitida a ser
considerada como parte de la seccin del anillo con objeto de
computar el mdulo de la seccin del anillo# *a porcin m+ima
de la carcasa que se utilizar en estos clculos est se)An las
indicaciones de tabla 2 "#/#>#.#
Table '3(.(5($ Portion of Tank Shell Contributin*
to 1in* Section 6odulus
Circumferential
1in* Stiffener to
Tank Shell 7elds
)istance bet-een Parallel
Circumferential 1in*
Stiffener to Shell 7elds
Shell
Section
Credit
1
2
2
>
<ess than 20t
20t or more
20t
20t K E
%0t
.ote= t J shell thickness@ E J distance between parallel
circumferential rin) stiffener and shell welds.
2-$.,.1.2 (f confi)uration of internal or e*ternal rin) stiffener encloses an
air space+ this air space shall be arran)ed for ventin) and shall be
equipped with draina)e facilities that shall be kept operative at all
times.
2 "#/#>#2 4i la confi)uracin interna o e+terna del anillo de refuerzo incluye
un espacio de aire, este espacio de aire ser arre)lado para su
venteo y equipados de facilidades de drenaje siempre operativas#
2-$.- Accident 3ama)e /rotection.
28"#0 'roteccin contra accidentes
2-$.-.1 The desi)n+ construction+ and installation of any appurtenance to the shell
or head of the car)o tank shall be such as to minimi6e the possibility of
appurtenance dama)e or failure adversely affectin) the product retention
inte)rity of the tank.
28"#0#. El dise(o, la construccin y la instalacin de cualquier accesorio a la
carcasa o al cabezal del tanque considerarn reducir al mnimo la
posibilidad de da(o o de falla de los accesorios que afecte la inte)ridad del
producto del tanque#
2-$.-.2 0tructural members+ such as the suspension subframe+ overturn protection+
and e*ternal rin)s+ when practicable+ shall be utili6ed as sites for attachment
of appurtenances and any other accessories to a car)o tank.
28"#0#2 *os miembros estructurales, tales como los marcos de suspensin, la
proteccin contra volcaduras y los anillos e+ternos, cuando sea posible,
sern utilizados como lu)ares para ubicar a los accesorios a un tanque de
car)a#
2-$.-.$ B*cept as prescribed in 2-$.-.1+ the weldin) of any appurtenance to a shell
or head shall be made by attachment to a mountin) pad. The thickness of a
mountin) pad shall be not less than that of the shell or head to which it is
attached. A pad shall e*tend at least 2 in. "11 mm' in each direction from
any point of attachment of an appurtenance. /ads shall have rounded
corners or otherwise be shaped in a manner to preclude stress
concentrations on the shell or head. The mountin) pad shall be attached by
a continuous weld around the pad.
28"#0#" E+cepto, se)An lo prescrito en 28"#0#>, la soldadura de cualquier accesorio
a una carcasa o al cabezal del tanque, ser hecho con la unin a un
soporte de fijacin# El espesor de un soporte de fijacin ser no menos
que el de la carcasa o del cabezal a las cuales se une# 3n soporte se
e+tender por lo menos 2 pul)# >. milmetros& en cada direccin de
cualquier punto del accesorio# *os soportes de fijacin tendrn
redondeadas sus esquinas o de otra manera, de tal forma que se
imposibilite concentraciones de la tensin en la carcasa o en cabezal del
tanque# El soporte de fijacin ser unido por una soldadura continua
alrededor del soporte#
2-$.-.% The appurtenance shall be attached to the mountin) pad so there will be no
adverse affect upon the product-retention inte)rity of the tank if any force is
applied to the appurtenance+ in any direction+ e*cept normal to the tank+ or
within %1 de)rees of normal.
28"#0#$ *os accesorios sern unidos al soporte de fijacin tal que no habr
nin)una dificultad que afecte la inte)ridad de la producto del tanque, en
caso se presentara un sobre esfuerzo en los accesorios, en cualquier
direccin, e+cepto una normal al tanque o dentro de los $> )rados de la
normal#
2-$.-.1 0kirtin) structures+ conduit clips+ brakeline clips+ and similar li)htwei)ht
attachments+ which are of a metal thickness+ construction+ or material
appreciably less stron) but not more than ,2 percent of the thickness of the
tank shell or head to which such a device is attached+ shall be permitted to
be secured directly to the tank shell or head+ if each device is desi)ned and
installed so that dama)e to it will not affect the product retention inte)rity
of the tank. These li)htwei)ht attachments shall be secured to the tank shell
by continuous weld or in such manner as to preclude formation of pockets+
which may become sites for incipient corrosion.
28"#0#> ;ordeando las estructuras, los )anchos del conducto y los accesorios
li)eros similares, que son de un espesor, construccin o de un material
apreciablemente menos fuerte pero no ms que /2@ del espesor de la
carcasa o del cabezal del tanque a las cuales se une, ser permitido que
se ase)ure directamente a la carcasa o al cabezal, si se dise(a y est
instalado cada dispositivo de modo que los da(os a ellos no afecten la
inte)ridad del producto del tanque# Estos accesorios li)eros sern
ase)urados a la carcasa del tanque por una soldadura continua o de tal
manera en cuanto a imposibilitar la formacin de HbolsasI, que pueden
convertirse en sitios para una corrosin incipiente#
2-$.-.? Bvery car)o tank shall be provided with a rear bumper to protect the tank
and pipin) in the event of a rear-end collision and to minimi6e the
possibility of any part of the collidin) vehicle strikin) the tank. The bumper
shall be located at least ? in. "110 mm' to the rear of any vehicle component
that is used for loadin) or unloadin) purposes or may at any time contain
ladin) while in transit. 3imensionally+ the bumper shall conform to %# &!8
$#$.-?. 0tructurally+ the bumper shall be desi)ned to successfully absorb
the impact of the vehicle with rated payload "i.e.+ prevent dama)e that will
cause leaka)e of product'+ with a deceleration of 2 4)9 usin) a factor of
safety of two based on the ultimate stren)th of the bumper material. !or
purposes of these re)ulations such impact shall be considered uniformly
distributed and applied hori6ontally "parallel to the )round' from any
direction at an an)le not e*ceedin) $0 de)rees to the lon)itudinal a*is of the
vehicle.
28"#0#? %ada tanque de car)a ser provisto con un parachoque posterior para
prote)er el tanque y la tubera en caso de una colisin por atrs y para
reducir al mnimo la posibilidad de cualquier da(o a las piezas del
vehculo# El parachoque ser situado por lo menos a ? pul)# .>0
milmetros& en la parte trasera de cualquier componente del vehculo que
se utilice para la descar)a o car)a del producto# 5imensionalmente, el
parachoque cumplir con la norma $! %FE "!"#0?# Estructuralmente, el
parachoque ser dise(ado para absorber con -+ito el impacto del vehculo
con la car)a sin da(os o p-rdidas del producto#
2-$.-., All closures for fillin)+ manhole+ or inspection openin)s shall be protected
from dama)e that will result in leaka)e of ladin) in the event of overturnin)
of the vehicle+ by bein) enclosed within the body of the tank or dome
attached to the tank or by )uards.
28"#0#/ 6odos las vlvulas de llenado, entradas de hombre o las aberturas de
inspeccin sern prote)idos contra da(os que puedan producir fu)as en
caso de volcaduras del vehculo#
2-$.-.,.1 Ehen )uards are required+ they shall be desi)ned and installed to
withstand a vertical load of twice the wei)ht of the loaded tank
and a hori6ontal load in any direction equivalent to one-half the
wei)ht of the loaded tank. These desi)n loads shall be permitted to
be considered independently. 2ltimate stren)th of the material
shall be used as a calculation base. (f more than one )uard is used+
each shall carry its proportionate share of the load. (f protection
other than )uards are considered+ the same desi)n load criteria
shall be applicable.
2 "#0#/#. %uando se requieren protectores, sern dise(ados e instalados
para soportar una car)a vertical dos veces el peso del tanque
car)ado y una car)a horizontal en cualquier direccin equivalente
a una mitad del peso del tanque car)ado# Estas car)as de
dise(o pueden ser consideradas independientemente# *a Altima
fuerza o tensin del material ser utilizada como base del clculo#
4i se utiliza ms de un protector, cada uno llevar su parte
proporcionada de car)a# 4i otros protectores se ha considerado,
se aplicarn los mismos criterios para el clculo de las car)as#
2-$.-.,.2 B*cept for pressure-actuated vents+ no overturn protection is
required for nonoperatin) no66les or fittin)s less than 1 in. "121
mm' in diameter "which do not contain product while in transit'
that pro:ect a distance less than the inside diameter of the fittin).
This pro:ected distance shall be permitted to be measured either
from the shell or the top of an ad:acent rin) stiffener provided
such stiffener is within $0 in. ",?0 mm' of the center of the no66le
or fittin).
2 "#0#/#2 2 e+cepcin de los venteos a presin, no se requiere proteccin
para los inyectores o tuberas sin operacin menores de > pul)#
.2> milmetros& de dimetro que no conten)an producto
mientras que se encuentre en trnsito& tal que proyecte una
distancia menor al dimetro interior de la tubera# Esta distancia
proyectada ser medida desde carcasa o el tope de un anillo de
refuerzo de tal manera qu este est- dentro de "0 pul)adas del
centro del inyector o tubera#
2-$.-.,.$ (f the overturn protection is constructed so as to permit
accumulation of liquid on the top of the tank+ it shall be provided
with draina)e facilities directed to a safe point of dischar)e.
28"#0#/#" 4i se instala una proteccin para volcaduras que permita la
acumulacin del lquido en la tapa del tanque, ser provisto de
facilidades de drenaje hacia unpunto de descar)a se)uro#
2-$.-.- /ipin).
2-$.-.- TuberLas.
2-$.-.-.1 /roduct dischar)e pipin) shall be provided with protection in such
a manner as to reasonably assure a)ainst the accidental escape of
contents. 0uch protection shall be permitted to be provided by one
of the followin).
28"#0#0#. *a tubera de descar)a del producto ser provista de proteccin
que ase)ure contra escape del contenido por accidentes# 6al
proteccin ser implementada de acuerdo a<
"a' A shear section shall be located outboard of each emer)ency
valve seat and within % in. "100 mm' of the vessel+ which will
break under strain and leave the emer)ency valve seat and its
attachment to the vessel and the valve head intact and capable
of retainin) product. The shear section shall be machined in
such a manner as to abruptly reduce the wall thickness of the
ad:acent pipin) "or valve' material by at least 20 percent@ or
a& 3na seccin cisallada se situada al e+terior en el asiento de
cada vlvula de emer)encia y a $ pul)# .00 milmetros& del
recipiente, el cual se romper bajo tensin y dejar el asiento
de la vlvula de emer)encia, su unin al recipiente y la
cabeza de la vlvula intactos y capaces de conservar el
producto# *a seccin cisallada ser trabajada a mquina de
tal manera que se reduce el espesor de la pared o la vlvula&
del material por lo menos 20 por cientoG o
"b' 0uitable )uards shall be capable of successfully absorbin) a
concentrated hori6ontal force of at least -+000 lb "$? k)'
applied from any hori6ontal direction+ without dama)e to the
dischar)e pipin) that mi)ht adversely affect the product
retention inte)rity of the dischar)e valve.
b& *os protectores dispuestos sern capaces de absorber una
fuerza horizontal concentrada de por lo menos de 0#000 libras
"? Bilo)ramos& aplicadas de cualquier direccin horizontal,
sin da(o a la tubera de descar)a para no afectar la
inte)ridad del producto de la vlvula de descar)a#
2-$.-.-.2 The minimum allowable road clearance of any car)o tank
component or protection device located between any two ad:acent
a*les on a vehicle or vehicle combination shall be at least 1C2 in.
"12., mm' for each foot separatin) such a*les and in no case less
than 12 in. "$0%.- mm'.
2 "#0#0#2 *a separacin permisible mnima del camino de cualquier
dispositivo de proteccin o componente del tanque de car)a
situado entre dos ejes adyacentes en un vehculo ser al menos
.C2 pul)# .2#/ milmetros& para cada pie que separa tales ejes y
de nin)An modo menos de .2 pul)# "0$#0 milmetros&#
2-$.-.-.$ 5ose+ pipin)+ and fittin)s for tanks to be unloaded by pressure
shall be desi)ned for burstin) pressure of at least 100 psi "?-#.1
k/a'+ but in no case less than four times the pressure to which it
mi)ht be sub:ected in service by the action of any vehicle-
mounted pump or other device "not includin) safety relief valves'.
Any couplin) used on hose to make connections shall be desi)ned
for a workin) pressure not less than 20 percent in e*cess of the
desi)n pressure of the hose and shall be desi)ned so that there will
be no leaka)e when connected.
2 "#0#0#" :an)ueras y tuberas para tanques sern dise(adas para una
presin por lo menos de .00 '4D B'a ?0!#>&, pero de nin)An
modo de menos de cuatro veces la presin a la cual puede estar
sujeta por la accin de la cualquier bomba o de otro dispositivo
no incluye las vlvulas de descar)a de se)uridad&# %ualquier
acoplado usado en la man)uera para hacer cone+iones ser
dise(ado para una presin de trabajo no menor al 20@ de
e+ceso superior a la presin del dise(o de la man)uera y
dise(ado de modo que no haya fu)as cuando est- conectado#
2-$.-.-.% 0uitable provisions shall be made in every case to allow for and
prevent dama)e due to e*pansion+ contraction+ :arrin)+ and
vibration of all pipe. 0lip :oints shall not be used for this purpose.
28"#0#0#$ 4e tomarn las precauciones para prevenir da(os debido a la
e+pansin, a la contraccin, a la sacudidas, y a la vibracin de
toda la tubera#
2-$.-.-.1 5eater coils+ when installed+ shall be constructed so that the
breakin)-off of their e*ternal connections will not cause leaka)e
of contents of tank.
28"#0#0#> *as bobinas del calentador, deben ser instaladas de tal forma
que en el caso se produzca una rotura de sus cone+iones
e+ternas no cause fu)as de producto#
2-$.-.-.? Fa)in)+ loadin)+ and air-inlet devices+ includin) their valves+ shall
be provided with adequate means for their secure closure+ and
means shall also be provided for the closin) of pipe connection of
valves.
2 "#0#0#? que calibran, car)ando, y los dispositivos de la entrada de aire,
incluyendo sus vlvulas, estarn provistos de los medios
adecuados para su cierre se)uro as como tambi-n para el cierre
de la cone+in de vlvulas#
2-$.# &losures for !ill Gpenin)s and 7anholes. Bach compartment in e*cess of 2+100
)al "#100 <' capacity shall be accessible throu)h a manhole of at least 11 in. 11 in.
"2-0 mm $-0 mm'. 7anhole andCor fill openin) covers shall be desi)ned to
provide secure closure of the openin)s. They shall have structural capability of
withstandin) internal fluid pressures of # psi) ")au)e pressure of ?2 k/a' without
permanent deformation.
28"#! %ierres de aberturas de llenado y entradas de hombre# %ada compartimiento
superior a capacidad de 2#>00 )alones !>00 *& ser accesible a trav-s de una
entrada de hombre por lo menos de .. pul)# 8 .> pul)# 200 milmetros 8 "00
milmetros&# *as tapas de la entrada de hombre sern dise(adas para
proporcionar el cierre se)uro de las aberturas# 6endrn capacidad estructural de
soportar presiones del lquido internas de ! psi) presin de B'a ?2& sin
permanente deformacin#
2-$.10 Aents for &ar)o Tanks in Gther than Asphalt 0ervice.
28"#.0 Eespiraderos para tanques de car)a con e+cepcin al servicio de asfalto#
2-$.10.1 Feneral. Bach car)o tank compartment shall be provided with safety relief
devices in accordance with the requirements contained in this section. All
of such devices shall communicate with the vapor space. 0hutoff valves
shall not be installed between the tank openin) and any safety device.
0afety relief devices shall be mounted+ shielded+ or drained so as to
eliminate the accumulation of water+ the free6in) of which could impair the
operation or dischar)e capability of the device.
28"#.0#. 9eneral# %ada compartimiento del tanque de car)a contar con
dispositivos de se)uridad de relevo de acuerdo con los requisitos
contenidos en esta seccin# 6odos estos dispositivos se comunicarn con
la fase de vapor en el tanque# *as vlvulas de cierre no sern instaladas
entre la abertura del tanque y otro dispositivo de se)uridad# *os
dispositivos de relevo por se)uridad sern montados, blindados y
drenados para eliminar la acumulacin del a)ua, yCo con)elamiento, los
que podran deteriorar la capacidad de la operacin o de descar)a del
dispositivo#
2-$.10.2 .ormal Aentin). Bach car)o tank compartment shall be provided with
pressure and vacuum vents havin) a minimum throu)h area of 0.%% sq in.
"2-% mm2'. All pressure vents shall be set to open at no more than 1 psi)
")au)e pressure of ?.# k/a' and all vacuum vents at no more than ? o6 "1?-
)'. /ressure and vacuum vents shall be desi)ned to prevent loss of liquid
throu)h the vent in case of vehicle overturn.
28"#.0#2 7enteo normal# %ada compartimiento de tanque de car)a estar provisto
de respiraderos de presin y vaco en un mnimo de rea de 0#$$ pul)# sq
20$ mm2&# 6odos los respiraderos de presin sern calibrados para
abrirse en no ms de . psi) presin B'a ?#!& y todos los respiraderos de
vaco en no ms de ? onzas .?0 )&# *os respiraderos de presin y de
vaco sern dise(ados para prevenir la p-rdida de lquido a trav-s del
respiradero en caso de volcadura del vehculo#
2-$.10.$ <oadin) and 2nloadin) Aentin) /rotection. Ehere the tank is desi)ned to
be loaded or unloaded with the dome cover closed+ the vent or vents as
described in 2-$.10.2 or additional vents shall limit the vacuum to 1 psi "?.#
k/a' and the tank pressure to $ psi "20., k/a' based on ma*imum product
transfer rate. 2nless effective protection a)ainst overfillin) is made+ the
pressure vent shall also have sufficient liquid capacity to prevent the
pressure from e*ceedin) $ psi "20., k/a' in case of accidental overfillin).
This pressure vent may be pressure operated or interlocked with the tank
loadin) device and shall be desi)ned to prevent loss of liquid throu)h the
vent under any condition of vehicle rollover attitude.
28"#.0#" 7enteo de proteccin durante una car)a y descar)a de producto#
%uando se dise(e el tanque para ser car)ado o descar)ado con la
cubierta de la bveda cerrada, el respiradero o los respiraderos se)An lo
descrito en 28"#.0#2 o los respiraderos adicionales limitarn el vaco a .
'si B'a ?#!& y a la presin del tanque a " 'si B'a 20#/& basadas en un
rate de transferencia m+ima del producto# 2 menos que se cuente con
una proteccin contra sobrellenados, el respiradero de presin deber
tener suficiente capacidad lquida para evitar que la presin e+ceda los "
'si B'a 20#/& en caso de sobrellenado accidental# Este respiradero de
presin puede ser operada o activida con el dispositivo de car)a del
tanque y ser dise(ado para prevenir p-rdidas de lquido a trav-s del
respiradero bajo cualquier movimiento brusco del vehculo#
2-$.11 Bmer)ency Aentin) for !ire B*posure.
28"#.. 7emnteo de emer)encia durante e+posicin al fue)o#
2-$.11.1 Total &apacity. The total emer)ency ventin) capacity Mcu ftChr "m$Cs'N of
each car)o tank compartment shall be not less than that determined from
Table 2-$.11.1.
28"#..#. %apacidad total# *a capacidad total de venteo de emer)encia J%u ftChr
m"Cs&K de cada compartimiento del tanque ser no menor a lo que se(ala
en la 6abla 28"#..#.#
Table '3($$($ 6inimum "mer*enc8 Vent Ca#acit8 in Cubil
Feet Free Air9:our ;$/(. #si 3$!$(3 kPa4 and 2!<F 3$5(2<C4=
">#osed
Area
Square Feet
Cubic Feet
Free Air
#er :our
">#osed
Area
Square Feet
Cubic Feet
Free Air
#er :our
20
$0
%0
10
?0
,0
-0
#0
100
120
1%0
1?0
1-0
200
221
210
11+-00
2$+,00
$1+?00
$#+100
%,+%00
11+$00
?$+$00
,1+200
,#+100
#%+#00
110+,00
12?+100
1%2+$00
11-+100
1#1+$00
20$+100
2,1
$00
$10
%00
%10
100
110
?00
?10
,00
,10
-00
-10
#00
#10
1+000
21%+$00
221+100
2%1+,00
2?1+000
2-$+200
$00+?00
$1,+$00
$$$+$00
$%-+-00
$?$+,00
$,-+200
$#2+200
%01+#00
%1#+$00
%$2+$00
%%1+000
0( units= 1 ft2 J 0.0#$ m2@ 1 ft$ J 0.02- m$.
.ote= (nterpolate for intermediate si6es.
2-$.11.2 /ressure-Actuated Aentin). Bach car)o tank compartment shall be
equipped with pressure-actuated vent or vents set to open at not less than $
psi "20.?-1 k/a' and close when pressure drops to $ psi "20., k/a' or
below. The minimum ventin) capacity for pressure-actuated vents shall be
?+000 cu ft "1,0 m$' of free air per hour M1%., psia "101.$ k/a' and ?0!
"11.?&'N from a tank pressure of 1 psi "$%.1 k/a'. /ressure-actuated
devices shall be desi)ned so as to prevent leaka)e of liquid past the device
in case of sur)e or vehicle upset+ e*cept that they shall function in case of
pressure risender any condition of vehicle rollover attitude.
28"#..#2 7enteo a 'resin# %ada compartimiento del tanque de car)a ser
equipado con un respiradero o respiraderos a presin previamente
calibrados para abrirse en no menos que " 'si B'a 20#?0>& y
cerrarse por debajo de " 'si B'a 20#/&# *a capacidad mnima de
venteo para los respiraderos a presin ser ?#000 pie
"
./0 m"& de
aire libre por hora J.$#/ psia B'a .0.#"& y ?0F .>#?%&K con una
presin del tanque de > 'si B'a "$#>&# *os dispositivos de presin
sern dise(ados para prevenir la salida del lquido ms all del
dispositivo en caso de oleadas en el interior de los compartimientos,
salvo que actAe en caso de incremento de la presin ante cualquier
condicin de movimiento brusco del vehculo#
2-$.11.$ !usible Aentin). Ehere the pressure-actuated ventin) required by 2-
$.11.2 does not provide the total ventin) capacity required by 2-$.11.1+
additional capacity shall be provided by addin) fusible ventin) devices+
each havin) a minimum area of 1.21 sq in. "-0? mm2'. 0uch fusible
elements shall be located so as not to be in contact with the tank ladin)
under normal operatin) conditions. The fusible vent or vents shall be
actuated by elements that operate at a temperature not e*ceedin) 210!
"121.1&'. The ventin) capacity of these devices shall be rated at not more
than 1 psi) ")au)e pressure of $%.1 k/a'. Ehere fusible ventin) devices are
used+ no less than two such devices shall be used on any car)o tank or tank
compartment over 2+100 )al "#100 <' in capacity+ and at least one such
device shall be located close to each end of the car)o tank or tank
compartment.
28"#..#" 7enteo fusible# 5onde la presin fijada para el venteo se)An 28
"#..#2 no proporciona la capacidad total de venteo requerida por 28
"#..#., la capacidad adicional ser proporcionada incorporando
dispositivos fusibles de venteo, cada uno tiene un rea mnima de
.#2> pul)# sq 00? mm2&# 6ales elementos fusibles no estarn en
contacto con el tanque de car)a bajo condiciones de operacin
normales# El respiradero o los respiraderos fusibles actuarn por los
elementos que funcionan en una temperatura que no e+cede 2>0F
.2.#.%&# *a capacidad de venteo de estos dispositivos ser fijada
en no ms de > psi) B'a "$#>&# 4e utilizarn no menos de dos
dispositivos fusibles, en tanques o compartimientos sobre 2#>00
)alones !>00 *& de capacidad, y por lo menos un dispositivo ser
situado cerca de cada e+tremo del tanque o del compartimiento de
tanque#
2-$.11.%* !low Testin) and 7arkin) of Aents. Bach type and si6e of ventin)
device shall be flow tested in the ran)e specified in the applicable precedin)
para)raphs. The actual rated flow capacity of the vent in cubic feet of free
air per hour at the pressure in psi at which the flow capacity is determined
shall be stamped on the device. The fusible vent or vents shall have their
flow ratin) determined at 1 psi "$%.1 k/a' differential. These flow tests may
be conducted by the manufacturer+ if certified by a qualified impartial
observer+ or may be dele)ated to an outside a)ency.
28"#..#$L fluyen probando y marcando de respiraderos# %ada tipo y tama(o
del venteo sern probados para verificar su funcionamiento# *a
capacidad real del flujo del respiradero en pies cAbicos de aire libre
por hora y la presin en 'si sern re)istrados en el mismo lu)ar# El
respiradero o los respiraderos fusibles tendrn su ran)o de flujo
determinado para > 'si B'a "$#>&# Estas pruebas deben ser
certificadas por un observador imparcial#
'/ "mer*enc8')ischar*e Control(
2-% Bmer)encia en el control de descar)a
2-%.1 <iquids 5avin) Aiscosities <ess than %1 020 "0tandard 2nits 0aybolt'.
28$#. *quidos con viscosidades menores de $> 434 unidades estndar 4aybolt&#
2-%.1.1*The outlets of each car)o tank or compartment used for transportation of
&lass ( liquids+ and trucks constructed hereafter for transportation of &lass
(( and &lass (((A liquids havin) a viscosity less than %1 020 at 100!
"$,.-&'+ shall be equipped with a self-closin) shutoff valve+ desi)ned+
installed+ and operated so as to ensure a)ainst the accidental escape of
contents. These valves shall be located inside the tank or at a point outside
the tank where the line enters or leaves the tank. The valve seat shall be
located inside the tank or within the welded flan)e+ its companion flan)e+
no66le+ or couplin) and shall be desi)ned so that the valve must be kept
closed e*cept durin) loadin) and unloadin) operations.
28$#.#.L *as HtomasI o salidas de cada tanque o compartimiento del tanque de
car)a usado para el transporte de los lquidos de clase D, de clase DD y los
lquidos de la clase DDD2 que tienen una viscosidad menor de $> 434 en
.00F "/#0%&, sern equipados con una vlvula de cierre Hself8closin)I,
dise(ada e instalada para se)uridad contra fu)as del contenido# Estas
vlvulas sern situadas dentro del tanque o en un punto fuera del tanque
donde la lnea entra o sale del tanque# El asiento de vlvula ser situado
dentro del tanque o dentro del reborde soldado, y debe mantenerse
cerrada e+cepto durante las operaciones de car)a y descar)as#
2-%.1.2 The operatin) mechanism for the valve shall be provided with a secondary
control+ remote from the fill openin)s and dischar)e connections+ for use in
the event of accidents or fire durin) delivery operations.
28$#.#2 El mecanismo de operacin de la vlvula contar con un control
secundario, distante de las cone+iones de llenado y descar)a, para que
permita su uso en caso de accidentes o de fue)o durante las operaciones#
2-%.1.$ The control mechanism shall be provided with at least one fusible element
that becomes effective at a temperature not over 210! "121&'+ permittin)
the valve to close automatically in case of fire. At least one fusible element
shall be in the open where it would be e*posed to the heat of a fire under
the vehicle.
28$#.#" El mecanismo del control ser suministsrado por un elemento fusible que
actuar a una temperatura no mayor de 2>0F .2.%&, permitiendo que la
vlvula se cierre automticamente en caso del fue)o#
2-%.1.% (n every case there shall be provided a shear section+ located outboard of
each emer)ency valve seat and within % in. "101.? mm' of the vessel+ that
will break under strain and leave the emer)ency valve seat and its
attachment to the vessel and the valve head intact and capable of retainin)
product. The shear section shall be machined in such a manner as to
abruptly reduce the wall thickness of the ad:acent pipin) "or valve' material
by at least 20 percent.
28$#.#$ En todos los casos se deber contar con una seccin debilitada por
cisallamiento por ejemplo& en el asiento de vlvula de la emer)encia y a $
pul)# .0.#? milmetros& del recipiente, que se romper bajo tensin y
dejar intactos el asiento de vlvula de la emer)encia y su accesorio
pe)ados al recimpiente, con la capacidad de conservar el producto# *a
seccin del cisallamiento ser trabajada a mquina de tal manera que se
reduce el espesor de la pared del asiento de la vlvulap por lo menos en
un 20@#
'5 Liquids of Viscosities of /5 S?S or 6ore(
2-1 <Lquidos con viscosidades de %1 200 o mOs.
The outlets of each car)o tank used for the transportation of liquids havin) a viscosity
equal to or )reater than %1 020 at 100! "$,.-&' shall be equipped with one of the
followin)=
"1' A suitable shutoff valve+ located internally+ desi)ned so that the valve will remain
operable if the e*ternal connection is sheared off+ or
"2' A front- or rear-head mounted valve securely reinforced and protected a)ainst shock
or road ha6ards.
*as HtomasI o salidas de cada tanque de car)a usado para el transporte de los lquidos
que tienen una viscosidad i)ual o mayor a $> 434 a .00F "/#0%& sern equipados
por uno de los si)uientes<
.& 3na vlvula de cierre, localizada internamente, dise(ada de modo que la vlvula
si)a siendo operable si la cone+in e+terna se interrumpiera#
2& 3na vlvula de se)uridad montada en la parte frontal o trasera del tanque, la cual
ser reforzada y prote)ida con choques#
'2 Tests(
2-? /ruebas
2-?.1 At the time of manufacture+ every car)o tank shall be tested by a minimum air or
hydrostatic )au)e pressure of $ psi "20., k/a' or at least equal to the tank desi)n
pressure+ whichever is )reater. (f compartmented+ each individual compartment
shall be similarly tested with ad:acent compartments empty and at atmospheric
pressure. Air pressure+ if used+ shall be held for a period of at least 1 minutes
durin) which the entire surface of all :oints under pressure shall be coated with a
solution of soap and water+ heavy oil+ or other material suitable for the purpose+
foamin) or bubblin) of which indicates the presence of leaks. 5ydrostatic pressure+
if used+ shall be done by usin) water or other liquid havin) a similar viscosity+ the
temperature of which shall not e*ceed 100! "$,.-&' durin) the test+ and applyin)
pressure as prescribed above+ )a)ed at the top of the tank+ at which time all :oints
under pressure shall be inspected for the issuance of liquid to indicate leaks. All
closures shall be in place while test by either method is made. 3urin) these tests+
operative relief devices shall be clamped+ plu))ed+ or otherwise rendered
inoperative@ such clamps+ plu)s+ and similar devices shall be removed immediately
after the test is finished.
28?#. 5urante la fabricacin, cada tanque de car)a ser sometido a una prueba
neumtica o una presin hidrosttica de " 'si B'a 20#/& o por lo menos i)ual a la
presin de dise(o de tanque, el que sea mayor# 4i cuenta con compartimientos,
cada compartimiento ser probado con los compartimientos adyacentes vacos y
libres# 4i se aplica la prueba neumtica, ser llevada a cabo por un perodo
mnimo de > minutos, durante los cuales la superficie de todos los empalmes bajo
presin estar cubierta con una solucin del jabn y a)ua, aceite pesado, u otro
material conveniente para el propsitoG si se produce espuma o burbujeo ser
se(al de fu)as# 4i se aplica la prueba hidrosttica, ser hecha usando a)ua u
otro lquido que ten)a una viscosidad similar, la temperatura de la cual no
e+ceder de .00F "/#0%& durante la prueba, y aplicando la presin se)An lo
prescrito arriba, monitoreado en la tapa del tanque, se observar todos los
empalmes bajo presin para verificar si e+iste fu)a del lquido# 6odas las
compuertas, vlvulas, etc, estarn cerrados herm-ticamente mientras dure la
prueba# 5urante estas pruebas, los dispositivos de venteo sern puestos fuera de
servicio#
2-?.2 The test in 2-?.1 shall be repeated followin) alteration or repairs that involve tank
inte)rity. (f there is any leaka)e+ undue distortion+ or if failure impends or occurs+
the car)o tank shall not be placed in service unless an adequate repair is made. The
adequacy of the repair shall be determined by the same method of test.
28?#2 *a prueba en 28?#. ser repetida despu-s de reparaciones que impliquen la
inte)ridad del tanque# 4i hay al)una falla, el tanque de car)a no ser puesto en
servicio a menos que se repare adecuadamente#
(. Se#aration to Pre&ent @ntermi>in*
2-, 0eparaciPn para prevenir me6clas
Tank vehicles desi)ned to transport &lass ( liquid in one or more compartments and
&lass (( or &lass ((( liquid in other compartment or compartments+ or to transport
chemically noncompatible liquids+ shall be provided with double bulkheads and shall be
equipped with separate pipin)+ pumps+ meters+ and hoses for such classes of product.
*os vehculos tanque dise(ados para transportar lquidos %lase D en unos o ms
compartimientos y %lase DD o %lase DDD en otro compartimiento o compartimientos, o
transportar lquidos qumicamente incompatiblesG debern contar con tabiques
herm-ticos dobles y equipados con sus propias tuberas, bombas, contmetros y
man)ueras, separados por cada clase de producto#
(8 Li*htin*(
2.- luminaciPn
<i)htin) circuits shall have suitable overcurrent protection "fuses or automatic circuit
breakers'. The wirin) shall have sufficient carryin) capacity and mechanical stren)th and
shall be secured+ insulated+ and protected a)ainst physical dama)e+ in keepin) with
reco)ni6ed )ood practice.
*os circuitos para la iluminacin tendrn proteccin contra sobrecar)as el-cticas
fusibles o interruptores automticos&# El cableado tendr suficiente capacidad de car)a
y fuerza mecnica y ser ase)urado, aislado, y prote)ido contra da(o fsico, en
armona con la buena prctica reconocida#
Cha#ter 3
As#halt Tank Vehicles
3'$ %eneral(
&ar)o tanks shall be free of water or volatile liquids before they are loaded with hot
asphalt.
*os tanques de car)a estarn libres de a)ua o de lquidos voltiles antes de que se
car)uen con asfalto caliente#
3' Vents for Car*o Tanks in As#halt Ser&ice(
"82 Eespiraderos para los tanques de car)a con asfalto#
$-2.1 Bach car)o tank used in asphalt service shall be provided with a vent havin) an
effective openin) at least equivalent to a nominal 2-in. "10 mm' pipe.
"82#. %ada tanque de car)a usado para asfalto contar con un respiradero que ten)a
abertura efectiva por lo menos de 2I de dimetro interior >0 milmetros&#
$-2.2 Bach car)o tank for asphalt service shall be provided with a manhole havin) a free
openin) of at least 11 in. "$-1 mm' in diameter desi)ned to relieve internal
pressure at between 2 and $ psi) ")au)e pressure between 0.0#1 and 0.1%$ k/a' or
an equivalent relief device.
"82#2 %ada tanque de car)a para asfalto contar con una Hentrada de hombreI con una
abertura libre de por lo menos .> pul)# "0. milmetros& de dimetro, dise(ado
para liberar la presin interna entre 2 y " psi) entre 0#0!> y 0#.$" B'a& o un
dispositivo equivalente de liberacin#
3'3 A&erflo-s and )rains for As#halt Tank Vehicles(
"8" 5esbordamientos y drenajes en vehculos tanque para asfalto#
Gverflow protection for asphalt tank vehicles shall be provided in the form of reservoirs
or flashin) around fill and vent pipes. Gverflow and drain pipes shall have thicknesses
heavier than the tank shell and shall be desi)ned so that hot asphalt will not spill onto
tires+ brakes+ burner equipment+ or vehicleIs e*haust system.
*a proteccin contra desbordes en los vehculos tanque para asfalto ser
proporcionada bajo la forma de bandejas alrededor de las tuberas de llenado y del
respiradero# El desbordamiento y los tubos de drenaje tendrn espesores mayores que
la carcasa del tanque y sern dise(ados de modo que el asfalto caliente no se derrame
sobre los neumticos, los frenos, el equipo de la hornilla o el dispositivo de escape del
vehculo#
3'/ ,urner and ,urner Tubes for As#halt Tank Vehicles(
"8$ Fornilla y tubos de la hornilla en los vehculos tanque para asfalto#
$-%.1 !uel tanks for the vehicle en)ine and fuel tanks for the burners on asphalt trucks
shall be located remotely from the burner or protected by a noncombustible shield
from the burner to prevent flashback.
"8$#. *os depsitos de )asolina para el motor de vehculo y los depsitos de )asolina
para las hornillas en los vehculos tanque para asfalto sern situados
remotamente de la hornilla o prote)idos por un protector incombustible contra la
hornilla para prevenir retrollamas#
$-%.2 ;urner tubes shall be properly installed and maintained.
"8$#2 *os tubos de la hornilla sern instalados y mantenidos correctamente#
$-%.$ The bottom of internal burner tubes shall be located as low in the tank as proper
desi)n and functionin) will permit.
"8$#" El fondo de los tubos internos de la hornilla ser situado tan bajo en el tanque
tanto como se lo permita el dise(o#
$-%.% (nstructions for the proper method of operatin) the burner equipment and the
pumpin) equipment+ if so equipped+ shall be provided. These instructions shall
accompany the vehicle at all times.
"8$#$ 5ebe contarse con las instrucciones para la operacin adecuada del equipo de la
hornilla y del bombeo# Estas instrucciones debern encontrarse en el vehculo
permanentemente#
$-%.1 A warnin) si)n or label that meets the requirements of A.0( Q1$1.1+ 0afety &olor
&ode+ shall be permanently attached near the burners on any tank vehicle equipped
with burners and shall include at least the followin) information=
"8$#> 3na se(al de alarma o una etiqueta de peli)ro que cumplan los requisitos de
214D M>">#., %di)o de %olor de 4e)uridad, ser ubicada permanentemente
cerca de las hornillas e incluir por lo menos la informacin si)uiente<
E A 8 . ( . F
This burner equipment must not be operated while the vehicle is bein) loaded or is in
transit+ or when the burner tubes are not completely submer)ed.
N 2 E 1 D 1 9
Este equipo de la hornilla no debe ser operado mientras que el vehculo se est
car)ando o est en trnsito, o cuando los tubos de la hornilla no se sumer)en
totalmente#
Cha#ter /
6arkin* on Tank Vehicles
/'$ 6arkin*(
%-1.1 Bvery tank vehicle used for the transportation of any flammable or combustible
liquids+ re)ardless of the quantity bein) transported+ or whether loaded or empty+
shall be conspicuously and le)ibly marked in accordance with the requirements of
the %# &!8 1,1-1,#+ 3epartment of Transportation 45a6ardous 7aterials
8e)ulations.9
$8.#. %ada vehculo tanque usado para el transporte de cualquier lquido inflamable o
combustible, sin importar la cantidad transportada, o est- car)ado o vaco, ser
identificado con letreros yCo smbolos visibles y le)ibles de acuerdo con los
requisitos de los $! %FE ./.8./!, 5epartamento de 6ransporte HEe)ulaciones
para :ateriales 'eli)rosos#I
%-1.2 7anufacturerIs &ertificate.
A certificate si)ned by a responsible official of the manufacturer of the car)o tank+
or from a competent testin) a)ency+ certifyin) that each such car)o tank is
desi)ned+ constructed+ and tested in compliance with this standard shall be
procured+ and such certificate shall be retained in the files of the carrier durin) the
time that such car)o tank is employed by him+ plus one year.
$8.#2 %ertificado del fabricante# 3n certificado ser emitido y firmado por el fabricante
del tanque de car)a o de una a)encia competente, certificando que el tanque de
car)a est dise(ado, construido, y probado de acuerdo con este estndar, y tal
certificado ser conservado en los archivos del portador durante el tiempo que el
tanque sea utilizado, ms un a(o#
%-1.$ (n addition to this certificate+ there shall be on every car)o tank "or tank
compartment if constructed to different specification' a metal plate not sub:ect to
corrosion located on the ri)ht side+ near the front+ in a place readily accessible for
inspection. 0uch plate shall be permanently affi*ed to the tank by means of
solderin)+ bra6in)+ weldin)+ or other equally suitable means@ and upon it shall be
marked in characters at least $C1? in. "1 mm' hi)h by stampin)+ embossin)+ or other
means of formin) letters into or on the metal of the plate itself at least the
information indicated below. The plate shall not be painted so as to obscure the
markin)s thereon.
$8.#" 2dems de este certificado, cada tanque de car)a o el compartimiento del
tanque si est construido de diferentes especificaciones& contar con una placa
metlica no corroible ubicada en un lu)ar de fcil accesibilidad para la inspeccin#
Esta placa estar soldada al tanque y sobre ella ser marcado en caracteres de
por lo menos "C.? pul)# > milmetros& de altura en alto relieve con la infomacin
indicada abajo# *a placa no ser pintada para evitar cubrir la leyenda<
Aehicle manufacturer.......................................................
7anufacturerIs serial no.......................................................
0pecification identification...................................................
3ate of manufacture...........................................................
Gri)inal test date.................................................................
&ertificate date.................................................................
3esi)n pressure..................................................................psi
Test pressure......................................................................psi
5ead material........................................................................
0hell material..........................................................................
Eeld material.........................................................................
<inin) material.......................................................................
.ominal tank capacity by compartment "front to
rear'...........................................................2.0. )al
7a*imum product load.....................................................lb
<oadin) limits...............................................)pm andCor psi
2nloadin) limits...........................................)pm andCor psi
Fabricante del vehculo
1O de 4erie de Fabricacin
Ddentificacin de la especificacin
Fecha de fabricacin
Fecha de prueba ori)inal
Fecha del certificado
'resin de 5ise(o, 'si
'resin de 'rueba, 'si
:aterial del %abezal
:aterial de la carcasal
:aterial de la soldaddura
:aterial de tuberas
%apacidad nominal del tanque por compartimiento de delante a atrs&, )al 34
%ar)a m+ima de producto, lb#
*mites de car)a, )pm yCo 'si#
*mites de descar)a, )pm yCo la 'si#
%-1.% (f a car)o tank is to be altered physically to meet another specification "or to
accommodate a commodity not requirin) a specification tank' such combinations
shall be indicated beside specification identification.
$8.#$ 4i un tanque de car)a requiere ser alterado fsicamente para cumplir otra
especificacin, tal cambio deber ser indicado en la placa de identificacin#
%-1.1 Ehere the car)o tank has a metal certification plate for 7& $0? specification+ the
characters 4.!/A $-19 shall be permitted to be added to the specification
identification line on the metal plate.
$8.#> 5onde el tanque de car)a tiene una placa metlica de identificacin
especificacin :% "0?, los caracteres H1F'2 "0>I podr a)re)arse en la placa
metlica#
Cha#ter 5
Au>iliar8 "qui#ment
5'$ Au>iliar8 @nternal Combustion "n*ines(
>8. :otores de combustin interna au+iliares
1-1.1 (nternal combustion en)ines+ other than those providin) propulsive power+
installed or carried on a tank vehicle transportin) &lass ( liquids for the purpose of
providin) power for the operation of pumps or other devices+ shall meet the
requirements in 1-1.2 throu)h 1-1.-.
>8.#. *os motores de combustin interna, con e+cepcin de -sos que suministra la
ener)a propulsiva al vehculo, instalados o montados sobre un vehculo tanque
que transporta lquidos de %lase D con el fin de proporcionar la ener)a para la
operacin de bombas u otros dispositivos, cumplirn los requisitos en >8.#2 a >8
.#0#
1-1.2 The en)ine air intake shall be equipped with an effective flame arrester+ or an air
cleaner havin) effective flame arrester characteristics+ installed and capable of
preventin) emission of flame from the intake side of the en)ine in event of
backfirin).
>8.#2 *a toma de aire de motor ser equipada con un interceptor de llama o de un filtro
de aire que ten)a caractersticas adecuadas para interceptar una llama, instalada
y capaz de prevenir la emisin de llama en el lado de in)reso al motor en caso de
retrofue)o#
1-1.$ The fuel system shall be located or constructed so as to minimi6e the fire ha6ard.
Ehere the fuel tank is located above or immediately ad:acent to the en)ine+
suitable shieldin) shall be provided to prevent spilla)e durin) the fillin) operation+
or leaka)e from the tank or fuel system+ from comin) in contact with the en)ine or
any parts of the i)nition and e*haust systems. All parts of the fuel system shall be
constructed and installed in a proficient manner.
>8.#" El sistema del combustible ser ubicado o fabricado para reducir al mnimo el
ries)o de incendios# 4i el depsito de )asolina est situado arriba o
inmediatamente adyacente al motor, deber ase)urarse convenientemente para
prevenir derrames durante la operacin de llenado, o evitar que la salida del
sistema del tanque o sistema de combustible, entre en contacto con el motor o
cualquiera de las partes de i)nicin y del sistema de escape# 6odas las partes del
sistema de combustible sern construidas e instaladas de una manera adecuada#
1-1.% /umps and other appurtenances shall be so located in relation to the en)ine that
spilla)e or leaka)e from such parts shall be prevented from comin) in contact with
the en)ine or any parts of the i)nition and e*haust system+ or adequate shieldin)
shall be provided to attain the same purpose. The en)ine coolin) fan shall be
positioned+ rotated+ or shielded so as to minimi6e the possibility of drawin)
flammable vapors toward the en)ine.
>8.#$ *as bombas y otros accesorios sern adecuadamente ubicadas o debidamente
blindadas con relacin al motor evitando todo contacto con el motor o cualquier
parte del dispositivo de escape de la i)nicin# El ventilador del motor ser
colocado, rotado, o blindado para reducir al mnimo la posibilidad de aspirar los
vapores inflamables hacia el motor#
1-1.1 Ehere the en)ine is located in a position that spilla)e from the car)o tank or its
appurtenances or from side racks mi)ht constitute a ha6ard+ shieldin) shall be
provided to prevent such spilla)e from contactin) the en)ine or en)ine e*haust
system and for drainin) such spilla)e away from the vicinity of the en)ine.
>8.#> 4i el motor est situado en una posicin que pueda peli)rar ante un
derramamiento del tanque de car)a o de sus accesorios o de los estantes
laterales, ser necesario ase)urar y prote)er el motor para prevenir que tal
derramamiento entre en contacto con el dispositivo de escape del motor o del
motor#
1-1.? Ehere the en)ine is carried within an enclosed space+ provision shall be made for
adequate air circulation at all times to prevent accumulation of e*plosive vapors
and to avoid overheatin).
>8.#? 4i el motor se encuentra dentro de un espacio cerrado, se ase)urar la
circulacin de aire para prevenir la acumulacin de vapores e+plosivos as como
evitar el recalentamiento del motor#
1-1., The e*haust system shall be constructed and installed and free from leaks. The
e*haust line and muffler shall have adequate clearance from combustible materials+
and the e*haust )ases shall be dischar)ed at a location that shall not constitute a
ha6ard. Ehere en)ines are carried as in 1-1.?+ the e*haust )ases shall be dischar)ed
outside of each such enclosed space.
>8.#/ El tubo de escape y el silenciador estarn adecuadamente separados de los
materiales combustibles y )ases de escape, los cuales sern descar)ados en una
ubicacin que no constituya un peli)ro# 4i los motores se encuentran como se
indica en >8.#?, los )as de escape sern descar)ados afuera de cada espacio
encerrado#
1-1.- The i)nition wirin) shall be installed with firm connections+ and spark plu) and all
other terminals shall be insulated to prevent sparkin) in event of contact with
conductive materials. The i)nition switch shall be of the enclosed type.
>8.#0 El cableado de la i)nicin ser instalado con las cone+iones se)uras, y el pisto de
chispa y los dems terminales sern aislados para evitar chispas en el caso que
se produjera al)An contacto con los materiales conductores# El interruptor de la
i)nicin ser del tipo cerrado#
5' Au>iliar8 "lectric %enerators and 6otors(
>82 9eneradores y motores el-ctricos au+iliares#
1-2.1 Blectrical equipment installed or carried upon a tank vehicle transportin) &lass (
liquids for the operation of pumps or other devices used for the handlin) of
product+ and operatin) product handlin) accessories shall meet the requirements of
1-2.2 throu)h 1-2.?.
>82#. El equipo el-ctrico instalado o llevado sobre un vehculo tanque que transporta
lquidos de %lase D para la operacin de bombas, otros dispositivos y accesorios
usados para el manejo del producto cumplirn los requisitos de >82#2 a >82#?#
1-2.2 Fenerators that are mounted on the en)ine providin) propulsive power for the
vehicle or an au*iliary en)ine+ or located in the immediate vicinity of such en)ine
or its e*haust system+ shall be permitted to have )eneral purpose enclosure.
Fenerators located elsewhere shall be provided with e*plosionproof enclosures.
>82#2 *os )eneradores montados en el motor del vehculo u otro motor au+iliar o
situados adjuntos al motor o a su sistema de escape, podrn contar con una
proteccin del tipo )eneral# *os )eneradores ubicados en otra parte debern
contar con proteccin a prueba de e+plosin#
1-2.$ 7otors havin) sparkin) contacts shall be provided with e*plosionproof enclosures.
>82#" *os motores que tienen contactos con chispas debern contar con proteccin a
prueba de e+plosin#
1-2.% Eirin) shall be adequate for ma*imum loads to be carried and shall be installed so
as to be protected from physical dama)e and contact with possible product spill
either by location or by bein) enclosed in metal conduit or other oil-resistant
protective coverin). Hunction bo*es shall be sealed.
>82#$ El cableado ser adecuado para soportar car)as m+imas y cuya instalacin
contar con la proteccin contra da(os y aislados del contacto fsico con
probables derrames de producto, pudiendo ser prote)idos por conducto metlicos
o un revestimiento resistente al aceite o combustible# *as cajas de empalmente
debern ser selladas#
1-2.1 0witches+ overload protection devices+ and other sparkin) equipment shall be
located and enclosed as provided for )enerators in 1-2.2.
>82#> *os interruptores, los dispositivos de proteccin por sobrecar)a y otro equipo que
produce chispas sern incluidos en lo previsto para los )eneradores en >82#2#
1-2.? Ehere the )enerator or motor is located within an enclosed space+ provision shall
be made for adequate air circulation to prevent overheatin) and possible
accumulation of e*plosive vapor.
>82#? 4i el )enerador o el motor estn ubicados dentro de un espacio encerrado,
deber contarse con una circulacin de aire adecuada para evitar el
recalentamiento y la acumulacin de vapores e+plosivos#
5'3 Pum#s and :ose(
>8" ;ombas y man)uera#
1-$.1 Ehere a pump is used to deliver products+ automatic means shall be provided to
prevent pressure in e*cess of the desi)n workin) pressures of the accessories+
pipin)+ and hose.
>8"#. 4i una bomba se utiliza la entre)a de productos, se deber incluir sistemas
automticos para prevenir sobre presiones en el bombeo acorde con el dise(o de
los accesorios, las tuberas y man)ueras#
1-$.2 Bach len)th of hose used for delivery of product by pump shall be marked to
indicate the manufacturerIs recommended workin) pressure.
>8"#2 *as man)ueras utilizadas en la entre)a del producto debern contar con la
identificacin de la presin de operacin recomendada por el fabricante#
1-$.$ All pressure hoses and couplin)s shall be inspected at intervals appropriate to the
service. Eith the hose e*tended+ pressure shall be applied to the hose and couplin)s
to the ma*imum operatin) pressure. Any hose showin) material deteriorations+
si)ns of leaka)e+ or weakness in its carcass or at the couplin)s shall be withdrawn
from service and repaired or discarded.
>8"#" 6odas las man)ueras y acoples deben ser inspeccionadas y probadas con la
m+ima presin de operacin, verificando al mismo tiempo el estado de los
mismos# 4i se verifica deterioro del material, si)nos de fu)as, fallas en la
superficie de la man)uera o en los acoples, la man)uera ser retirada del
servicio, reparada o desechada#
Cha#ter 2
A#eration of Tank Vehicles
A#eraciBn de &eh5culos tanque
2'$ %eneral A#eratin* Conditions(
2'$ Condiciones %enerales de A#eraciBn
?-1.1 3rivers shall be thorou)hly trained in the proper method of operatin) tank vehicles
and in the proper procedures for loadin) and unloadin) tank vehicles. Tank
vehicles shall not be operated unless they are in proper repair+ devoid of
accumulation of )rease+ oil+ or other flammables+ and free of leaks.
?8.#. *os conductores debern estar debidamente capacitados para la operacin de
un camin tanque as como conocer los procedimientos de una operacin de
car)a y descar)a# *os vehculos tanque no sern utilizados a menos que est-n en
buenas condiciones, libre de )rasa acumulada, de aceite o de otros inflamables y
libre de fu)as#
?-1.2 3ome covers shall be closed and latched while the tank vehicle is in transit.
?8.#2 *as tapas del techo estarn cerradas y ase)uradas mientras el vehculo tanque
est en trnsito#
?-1.$ .o tank vehicle shall be operated with a car)o temperature above the ma*imum
allowable car)o temperature specified on the warnin) si)n required by 2-1.2.
?8.#" 1in)An vehculo tanque operar con una temperatura de car)a por sobre la
temperatura m+ima permitida especificada y requerida por 28.#2#
?-1.% .o material shall be loaded into or transported in a car)o tank at a temperature
above its i)nition temperature+ unless properly safe)uarded in a manner approved
by the authority havin) :urisdiction.
?8.#$ 1in)An vehculo tanque car)ar ni transportar materiales a una temperatura
mayor a la de i)nicin, a menos que est- debidamente prote)ido y aprobada por
la autoridad jurisdiccional#
?-1.1 !lammable and combustible liquids that are loaded at or above their boilin) points
or may reach their boilin) point temperature durin) transit+ shall be loaded only
into car)o tanks constructed in accordance with 0ection 2-2.
?8.#> *os lquidos inflamables y combustibles sobre su punto de ebullicin o puede
alcanzar la temperatura del punto de ebullicin durante el trnsito, sern car)ados
solamente en los tanques de car)a construidos de acuerdo con la seccin 282#
?-1.?* !lammable and combustible liquids shall be loaded only into car)o tanks whose
material used in construction shall be compatible with the chemical characteristics
of the liquid. The flammable and combustible liquid bein) loaded shall also be
chemically compatible with the liquid hauled on the previous load unless the car)o
tank has been cleaned.
?8.#?L *os lquidos inflamables y combustibles sern car)ados solamente en los
tanques de car)a cuyo material de construccin sea compatible con las
caractersticas qumicas del lquido# El lquido inflamable y combustible que es
car)ado tambi-n ser compatible qumicamente con el lquido que haya sido
car)ado previamente, salvo que el tanque hay sido limpiado#
?-1., &lass (( or &lass ((( liquids shall not be loaded into a compartment ad:acent to
&lass ( liquids unless double bulkheads are provided+ nor shall chemically
noncompatible chemicals be loaded into ad:acent compartments unless separated
by double bulkheads.
?8.#/ *os lquidos de %lase DD o %lase DDD no sern car)ados en un compartimiento
adyacente con lquidos de clase D as como los lquidos qumicamente
incompatibles se car)arn en compartimientos adyacentes, a menos que se
cuente con tabiques herm-ticos dobles de separacin#
?-1.-* To prevent a ha6ard from a chan)e in flash point of liquids+ no car)o tank+ or any
compartment thereof+ that has been utili6ed for &lass ( liquid shall be loaded with
&lass (( or &lass ((( liquid until such tank or compartment and all pipin)+ pumps+
meters+ and hose connected thereto have been completely drained. A tank+
compartment+ pipin)+ pump+ meter+ or hose that does not drain completely shall be
flushed at the loadin) point with a quantity of &lass (( or &lass ((( liquid equal to
twice the capacity of pipin)+ pump+ meter+ and hose+ to clear any residue of &lass (
liquid from the system.
?8.#0L para prevenir un peli)ro de un cambio en el punto de inflamacin de lquidos,
nin)An tanque de car)a, o cualquier compartimiento del mismo, que se haya
utilizado para un lquido de %lase D ser car)ado con %lase DD o lquido %lase DDD
hasta que el tanque o compartimiento y todas las tuberas, bombas, contmetros
y man)ueras hayan sido drenadas y limpiadas totalmente# 3n tanque, un
compartimiento, una tubera, una bomba, un contmetro, o una man)uera que no
haya sido drenado totalmente sern lavados y limpiados con un chorro de lquido
de %lase DD o %lase DDD con una cantidad i)ual a dos veces a la capacidad de la
tubera, de la bomba, del metro y de la man)uera, hasta eliminar cualquier
residuo del lquido %lase D#
?-1.# .o repairs shall be made to any tank vehicle unless the repairs can be made
without ha6ard+ nor shall any loaded motor vehicle be repaired in a closed )ara)e.
?8.#! 1in)una reparacin se realizar en un vehculo tanque a menos que se pueda
reparar sin peli)ro, as como nin)An vehculo motorizado car)ado ser reparado
en un )ara)e cerrado#
?-1.10 .o car)o tank shall be repaired by any method employin) a flame+ arc+ or other
source of i)nition+ unless the tank is maintained )as free or otherwise made safe in
an approved manner.
?8.#.0 1in)An tanque de car)a ser reparado con al)An m-todo que emplee llama,
arco o cualquier otra fuente de i)nicin, a menos que el tanque se encuentre libre
de )ases#
2' Loadin* and ?nloadin* Tank Vehicles(
?-2 &ar)a y descar)a de vehiculos tanque.
?-2.1 <oadin) and unloadin) of tank vehicles shall be done only in approved locations.
?82#. %ar)a y descar)ar vehculos tanque sern realizados solamente en localizaciones
aprobadas#
?-2.2 The driver+ operator+ or attendant of any tank vehicle shall not remain in the
vehicle but shall not leave the vehicle unattended durin) the loadin) or unloadin)
process. 3elivery hose+ when attached to a tank vehicle+ shall be considered to be a
part of the tank vehicle.
?82#2 El conductor, el operador o el asistente de un vehculo tanque no permanecern
en el vehculo pero no dejarn el mismo desatendido durante el car)amento o
descar)a# *a man)uera, cuando est acoplada a un vehculo tanque, ser
considerada como una pieza del vehculo tanque#
?-2.$ Ehen transferrin) &lass ( liquids+ motors of tank vehicles or motors of au*iliary or
portable pumps shall be shut down durin) makin) and breakin) hose connections.
Ehere loadin) or unloadin) is done without requirin) the use of the motor of the
tank vehicle+ the motor shall be shut down throu)hout the transfer operations of
&lass ( liquids.
?82#" 2l transferir lquidos de %lase D, los motores de los vehculos tanque o los motores
de bombas au+iliares o porttiles debern pararse durante el acople y desacople
de la man)uera# 4i la car)a o descar)a se hace sin requerir el uso del motor del
vehculo tanque, el motor ser apa)ado durante las operaciones de la
transferencia de lquidos de %lase D#
?-2.% Ehere portable pumps are used for transferrin) &lass ( liquids+ the portable pumps
shall comply with the applicable provisions of 0ection 1-1 or 1-2.
?82#$ 4i se utilizan bombas porttiles para transferir lquidos de %lase D, cumplirn con
las recomendaciones de la seccin >8. o >82#
?-2.1 .o car)o tank or compartment thereof used for the transportation of any flammable
or combustible liquid or asphalt shall be loaded liquid full. 0ufficient space
"outa)e' shall be provided in every case to prevent leaka)e from such tank or
compartment by e*pansion of the contents due to rise in temperature in transit and
in no case less than 1 percent.
?82#> 1in)An tanque de car)a o compartimiento usado para el transporte de cualquier
lquido o asfalto inflamable o combustible lquido deber ser car)ado totalmente o
por completo al .00@# 3n espacio vaco& deber quedar en todos los casos para
prevenir fu)as del tanque o compartimiento, debido principalmente por la
e+pansin del contenido debido al incremento de la temperatura en trnsito#
?-2.? 3elivery of &lass ( liquids to under)round tanks of more than 1+000 )al "$-00 <'
capacity shall be made by means of ti)ht connections between the hose and the fill
pipe. (n all cases where under)round tanks are equipped with any type of vapor
recovery system+ all connections required to be made for the safe and proper
functionin) of the particular vapor recovery process shall be made. 0uch
connections shall be desi)ned to prevent release of vapors at )rade level and shall
remain connected throu)hout the loadin) or unloadin) process.
?82#? *a entre)a de lquidos de %lase D a los tanques bajo tierra de capacidad mayor de
.#000 )alones "000 *& ser hecha por medio de cone+iones herm-ticas entre la
man)uera y la tubera de llenado# En todos los casos donde los tanques
subterrneos cuenten con un sistema de recuperacin de vapor, todas las
cone+iones requeridas para una adecuada operacin debern realizarse# 6ales
cone+iones sern dise(adas para prevenir la fu)a de vapores y permanecern
conectadas durante el proceso de car)a y descar)a#
?-2., Ehere a car)o tank is filled throu)h bottom loadin)+ a positive means shall be
provided for loadin) a predetermined quantity of liquid+ and an automatic
secondary shutoff control shall be installed in each compartment to prevent
overfill.
?82#/ 4i un tanque de car)a se llena por el fondo, se implementar los medios para
car)ar una cantidad predeterminada de lquido y un control secundario automtico
de cierre ser instalado en cada compartimiento para prevenir sobrellenados#
?-2.- The secondary shutoff control system shall be labeled as to manufacturer and type.
Any electrical system shall be labeled as to manufacturer and type. Any electrical
system used for secondary shutoff shall be in accordance with .!/A ,0+ .ational
Blectrical &odeR.
?82#0 El sistema de control secundario de cierre deber identificar al fabricante y tipo de
control# %ualquier sistema el-ctrico ser etiquetado en cuanto a fabricante y tipo#
%ualquier sistema el-ctrico usado para el cierre secundario estar de acuerdo con
1F'2 /0, %odi)o El-ctrico 1acional#
?-2.# Ehere bottom loadin) vehicles are equipped for vapor recovery and vapor
recovery is not required+ the tank vapor system shall be open to the atmosphere to
prevent pressuri6ation of the tank and the vapor system.
?82#! 4i los vehculos de car)a por el fondo cuenta con el equipo de recuperacin de
vapor y si la recuperacin del vapor no es requerido, el sistema del vapor del
tanque estar abierto a la atmsfera para prevenir la presurizacin del tanque y
del sistema del vapor#
?-2.10 Ehere a dry disconnect vapor recovery adapter is used+ provisions shall be made
to assure the vapor recovery system is fully vented before unloadin) to prevent
collapse of the tank. This requirement shall apply to both bottom and top loadin).
?82#.0 4i se utiliza un adaptador seco desconectado de recuperacin de vapor, se
tomarn las precauciones para ase)urar que el sistema de la recuperacin del
vapor este completamente venteado antes de una descar)a para prevenir el
colapso del tanque# Este requerimiento se aplicar al fondo y al car)amento de la
tapa#
?-2.11Ehere bottom loadin) a tank equipped with a vapor recovery system+ the vapor
recovery connection shall be used to conduct vapor away from the loadin) area
usin) the terminal vapor recovery system+ dischar)e standpipe+ or by openin) the
tank fill openin)s "manholes'.
?82#..4i el vehculo tanque cuenta con un sistema de recuperacin de vapor, la
cone+in de la recuperacin del vapor ser utilizado para conducir el vapor lejos
del rea del car)amento usando el 6erminal del sistema de recuperacin de vapor
o abriendo las Hbocas de hombreI del tanque#
?-2.12 Ehere a car)o tank is filled throu)h a top openin)+ the car)o tank shall be bonded
to the fill stem or to some part of the rack structure that is electrically
interconnected with the fill stem pipin).
B*ception .o. 1= <oadin) asphalt+ crude oil+ or a product containin) substantial
proportions of crude residuum.
B*ception .o. 2= Tank vehicles used e*clusively for transportin) &lass (( and &lass
((( liquids when loaded at locations where no &lass ( liquids are handled.
?82#.2 4i un tanque de car)a se llena por el techo o abertura superior, el tanque de
car)a ser vinculado o enlazado al vsta)o del brazo de llenado o a una cierta
parte de la estructura de estante que se interconecta el-ctricamente con la tubera
del vsta)o del brazo de car)a#
E+cepcin 1O .< %ar)amento de 2sfalto, petrleo crudo, o un producto que
contiene proporciones substanciales del residuo crudo#
E+cepcin 1O 2< 7ehculos del tanque usados e+clusivamente para transportar
lquidos de %lase DD y lquidos de %lase DDD cuando est car)ado en los lu)ares
donde no se maneja nin)uno de los lquidos de %lase D#
?-2.1$* The bond-wire connection shall be made prior to openin) the dome covers. (t
shall be maintained in place durin) the entire fillin) operation and the dome covers
shall be securely closed before the bond wire is disconnected from the car)o tank.
?82#."L *a cone+in con el alambre de enlace ser hecho antes de abrir las cubiertas
de la bveda# 4er mantenido en lu)ar durante la operacin completa de llenado
y ser desconectado lue)o que las cubiertas de la bveda hayan sido cerradas#
?-2.1% .o e*ternal bond-wire connection or bond-wire inte)ral with a hose shall be
required for the unloadin) of flammable and combustible liquids into under)round
tanks nor when a tank vehicle is loaded or unloaded throu)h ti)ht connections such
as to an above)round tank or throu)h bottom connections.
?82#.$ 1o se requerir una cone+in e+terna con el alambre de enlace o con una
man)uera con alambre de enlace, durante la descar)a de lquidos inflamables y
combustibles hacia tanques bajo tierra o subterrneos ni cuando un vehculo
tanque se car)a o se descar)a a trav-s de cone+iones hermetizadas, por
ejemplo, a un tanque superficial o a trav-s de las cone+iones inferiores#
?-2.11 0mokin) on or about any tank vehicle while loadin) or unloadin) any flammable
or combustible liquid shall be forbidden. B*treme care shall be taken in the loadin)
or unloadin) of any flammable liquid into or from any car)o tank to keep fire away
and to prevent persons in the vicinity from smokin)+ li)htin) matches+ or carryin)
any flame or li)hted ci)ar+ pipe+ or ci)arette.
?82#.> Est prohibido fumar en o sobre cualquier vehculo tanque mientras se car)ue o
descar)ue cualquier lquido inflamable o combustible# 4e tomarn todas las
previsiones del caso, para evitar que terceras personas fumen, enciendan
fsforos, ha)an fue)o, etc# durante el desarrollo de una car)a o descar)a de
combustibles#
?-2.1? .o flammable or combustible liquid shall be transferred to or from any tank
vehicle unless the parkin) brake is securely set and all other reasonable precautions
have been taken to prevent motion of the vehicle.
?82#.? 1o se transferir nin)An lquido inflamable o combustible a o desde al)An
vehculo tanque, a menos que el vehculo se encuentre debidamente estacionado
con los frenos activados as como se hay tomado las precauciones razonables
para prevenir el movimiento del vehculo#
2'3 Fire ">tin*uishers(
?.$ B*tintores contra incendio.
?-$.1 Bach tank vehicle shall be provided with one portable fire e*tin)uisher that has a
minimum ratin) of %A+ %0-;+& or with more than one portable fire e*tin)uisher+
each havin) a ratin) of 2A+ 20-;+&. 8atin)s shall be in accordance with .!/A 10+
0tandard for /ortable !ire B*tin)uishers.
?8"#. %ada vehculo tanque contar como mnimo con un e+tintor porttil que ten)a un
)rado mnimo de $2, $08;,% o con ms de un e+tintor portable, cada uno que
tiene un )rado de 22, 208;,%# *os ratin)s estarn de acuerdo con 1F'2 .0,
estndar para los e+tintores porttiles#
?-$.2 !ire e*tin)uishers shall be kept in )ood operatin) condition at all times+ and they
shall be located in an accessible place on each tank vehicle. B*tin)uishers shall be
maintained in accordance with .!/A 10+ 0tandard for /ortable !ire B*tin)uishers.
?8"#2 *os e+tintores sern mantenidos en buenas condiciones operativas
permamentemente, y sern ubicatos en un lu)ar accesible en cada vehculo
tanque# *os e+tintores sern mantenidos de acuerdo con 1F'2 .0, estndar para
los e+tintores portables#
Cha#ter .
1eferenced Publications
.'$ The followin) documents or portions thereof are referenced within this standard as
mandatory requirements and shall be considered part of the requirements of this
standard. The edition indicated for each referenced mandatory document is the current
edition as of the date of the .!/A issuance of this standard. 0ome of these mandatory
documents mi)ht also be referenced in this standard for specific informational purposes
and+ therefore+ are also listed in Appendi* &.
,-1.1 .!/A /ublications.
.ational !ire /rotection Association+ 1 ;atterymarch /ark+ /.G. ;o* #101+ Suincy+ 7A
022?#-#101.
.!/A 10+ 0tandard for /ortable !ire B*tin)uishers+ 1##- edition.
.!/A $0+ !lammable and &ombustible <iquids &ode+ 1##? edition.
.!/A 1-+ <iquefied /etroleum Fas &ode+ 1##- edition.
.!/A ,0+ .ational Blectrical &odeR+ 1### edition.
.!/A %0,+ 0tandard for Aircraft !uel 0ervicin)+ 1##? edition.
,-1.2 A.0( /ublication.
American .ational 0tandards (nstitute+ (nc.+ 11 Eest %2nd 0treet+ 1$th floor+ .ew
Tork+ .T 100$?.
A.0( Q1$1.1+ 0afety &olor &ode+ 1##-.
,-1.$ A0T7 /ublications.
American 0ociety for Testin) and 7aterials+ 100 ;arr 5arbor 3rive+ Eest
&onshohocken+ /A 1#%2--2#1#.
A0T7 ; 20#+ 0pecification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy 0heet and /late+
1##? edition.
A0T7 3 1+ Test for /enetration for ;ituminous 7aterials+ 1##, edition.
A0T7 3 $2$+ 0tandard 7ethod of Test for Aapor /ressure of /etroleum /roducts
"8eid 7ethod'+ 1### edition.
,-1.% A07B /ublication.
American 0ociety of 7echanical Bn)ineers+ Three /ark Avenue+ .ew Tork+ .T
1001?-1##0.
A07B ;oiler and /ressure Aessel &ode.
,-1.1 2.0. Fovernment /ublications.
2.0. Fovernment /rintin) Gffice+ Eashin)ton+ 3& 20%02.
&ode of !ederal 8e)ulations+ Title %#+ Transportation+ /arts 1,1-1,#.
A##endi> A
">#lanator8 6aterial
Appendi* A is not a part of the requirements of this .!/A document but is included for
informational purposes only. This appendi* contains e*planatory material+ numbered to
correspond with the applicable te*t para)raphs.
A de apUndice no es una parte de los requisitos de este documento de .!/A pero estO
incluLdo para los propPsitos informativos solamente. Bste apUndice contiene el material
e*plicativo+ numbered para corresponder con los pOrrafos de te*to aplicables.
A-1-1.1.ormally stable materials are those havin) the relative capacity to resist those
chan)es in their chemical composition that would produce violent reactions or
detonations despite e*posure to air+ water+ or heat+ includin) the normal ran)e of
conditions encountered in handlin)+ stora)e+ or transportation. 2nstable "reactive'
flammable and combustible liquids are liquids that in the pure state or as commercially
produced or transported will vi)orously polymeri6e+ decompose+ condense+ or become
self-reactive under conditions of shock+ pressure+ or temperature.
A-1 -1.1.ormally materiales estables son Usos que tendrLan la respectiva capacidad de
resistir esos cambios en su composiciPn quLmica que producirLa las reacciones violentas
o las detonaciones a pesar de la e*posiciPn para aire+ a)ua+ o calor+ incluyendo el alcance
normal de las condiciones trope6adas con en el mane:o+ el almacenamiento+ o el
transporte. <os "' lLquidos inflamables y combustibles reactivos inestables son lLquidos
que eso en el estado puro o tan comercialmente produ:o o transportP polimeri6arOn
enUr)icamente+ se descompondrOn+ condensarOn+ o se ponen identidad - reactivo ba:o las
condiciones de la conmociPn+ la presiPn+ o la temperatura.
A-1-2.1 Approved.
The .ational !ire /rotection Association does not approve+ inspect+ or certify any
installations+ procedures+ equipment+ or materials@ nor does it approve or evaluate testin)
laboratories. (n determinin) the acceptability of installations+ procedures+ equipment+ or
materials+ the authority havin) :urisdiction may base acceptance on compliance with
.!/A or other appropriate standards. (n the absence of such standards+ said authority
may require evidence of proper installation+ procedure+ or use. The authority havin)
:urisdiction may also refer to the listin)s or labelin) practices of an or)ani6ation that is
concerned with product evaluations and is thus in a position to determine compliance
with appropriate standards for the current production of listed items.
A-1 -2.1 daba el visto bueno.
<a AsociaciPn .acional de /rotecciPn contra el !ue)o no aprueba+ inspecciona+ o
certifica nin)una instalacion+ procedimientos+ equipo+ o materiales@ ni Ul dar el visto
bueno o valorar laboratorios de prueba. (n determinar la aceptabilidad de instalaciones+
procedimientos+ equipo+ o materiales+ la autoridad que tiene :urisdicciPn puede basar la
aprobaciPn en el acatamiento con .!/A o los otros padrones apropiados. Bn la falta de
tales padrones+ said autoridad podrLa requerir pruebas de la instalaciPn correcta+ el
procedimiento+ o el uso. <a autoridad que tiene :urisdicciPn tambiUn puede hacer
referencia a los listados o a etiquetar las prOcticas de una or)ani6aciPn que estO
preocupado por las evaluaciones de producto y es por lo tanto+ in a position determinar el
acatamiento con los padrones apropiados para la producciPn actual de artLculos puesto en
una lista.
A-1-2.- !lash /oint.
!lash point is a direct measure of a liquidIs volatility+ its tendency to vapori6e. The lower
the flash point+ the )reater the volatility and the )reater the risk of fire. !lash point is
determined usin) one of several different test procedures and apparatus that are specified
in .!/A $0+ !lammable and &ombustible <iquids &ode+ 1-,.%.
A-1 -2.- punto de inflamaciPn.
Bl punto de inflamaciPn es una medida directa de la volatilidad de un lLquido+ su
tendencia de evaporarse. Bl inferior el punto de inflamaciPn+ el mOs )rande la volatilidad
y el mOs )rande el ries)o del fue)o. Bl punto de inflamaciPn es determinado usando uno
de al)unos procedimientos de prueba diferentes y aparatos que son especificados en $0
de .!/A+ la clave de <iquids inflamable y combustible+ 1 -,.%.
A liquid that has a flash point at or below ambient temperature is easy to i)nite and will
burn quickly. Gn i)nition+ the spread of flame over the surface of such a liquid will be
rapid+ because it is not necessary for the fire to e*pend ener)y heatin) the liquid to
)enerate more vapor. Fasoline is a familiar e*ample. A liquid with a flash point above
ambient temperature presents less risk because it must be heated to )enerate enou)h
vapor to become i)nitible@ it is more difficult to i)nite and presents less potential for the
)eneration and spread of vapor. A common e*ample is home heatin) oil "!uel Gil .o.
2'. 5ome heatin) oil must be atomi6ed to a fine mist in order for it to be easily i)nited.
2n lLquido que tiene un punto de inflamaciPn en o deba:o de la temperatura ambiental es
fOcil encender y se quemarO rOpidamente. 0obre el encendido+ la e*tensiPn de la llama
sobre la superficie de tal lLquido serO rOpida+ porque no es necesario que el fue)o )astar
la ener)La calentar el lLquido para )enerar mOs vapor. <a )asolina es un e:emplo familiar.
2n lLquido con un punto de inflamaciPn por encima de la temperatura ambiental
constituye less ries)o porque debe ser calentado para )enerar lo suficientemente vapor
hacerse i)nitible@ es mOs difficult encender y constituye less potencial para la )eneraciPn
y la e*tensiPn de vapor. 2n e:emplo comVn es aceite de calefacciPn para uso domUstico
"no de )asoil. 2'. Bl aceite de calefacciPn para uso domUstico debe ser atomi6ado a una
neblina fina in order para Ul"ellaCeso' ser encendido fOcilmente.
&ertain solutions of liquids in water e*hibit a flash point usin) the standard closed-cup
test procedures but will not burn and mi)ht even e*tin)uish a fire. To assist identifyin)
such solutions+ the followin) standards are helpful= A0T7 3 %20,+ 0tandard Test
7ethod for 0ustained ;urnin) of <ow Aiscosity <iquid 7i*tures by the Eick Test+ and
A0T7 3 %20?+ 0tandard Test 7ethod for 0ustained ;urnin) of <iquid 7i*tures by the
0etaflash Tester "Gpen &up'. <iquid mi*tures that do not sustain combustion for a
specified time at a specified temperature are considered to be noncombustible. These
tests provide additional data for determinin) proper stora)e and handlin) of such
mi*tures. (n a confined space+ such mi*tures mi)ht still create an i)nitible vapor-air
mi*ture+ dependin) on the amount of flammable liquid in the mi*ture and the quantity of
the spill.
<as soluciones se)uras de lLquidos en el a)ua presentan un punto de inflamaciPn que
usarO los procedimientos de prueba cerrar - ta6a estOndar pero no se quemarOn y podrOn
e*tin)uir un fue)o ni siquiera. /ara ayudar identificando tales soluciones+ the followin)
padrones son provechosos= %20, de 3 de A0T7 mUtodo de prueba estOndar para la
quema sostenida de lLquido de viscosidad ba:o que las me6clas por la mecha evalVan+ y
%20? de 3 de A0T7 mUtodo de prueba estOndar para la quema sostenida de me6clas
lLquidas por la e*aminador "ta6a de Abierto' de 0etaflash. 7e6clas lLquidas que no
mantienen la combustiPn por una ve6 especificada en una fiebre especificada son
consideradas ser noncombustible. Bstas pruebas proveen los datos adicionales para
determinar el almacenamiento correcto y el mane:o de tales me6clas. Bn un espacio
limitado+ tales me6clas todavLa podrLan crear una me6cla de vapor - aire de i)nitible+
dependiendo de la cantidad de lLquido inflamable en la me6cla y la cantidad del derrame.
8elated to the flash point is the 4fire point.9 The fire point of a liquid is the temperature
at which i)nition of vapors will result in continued burnin). As the term 4flash point9
su))ests+ the vapors )enerated at that temperature will flash+ but will not necessarily
continue to burn. The difference between flash point and fire point has some si)nificance
when conductin) flash point tests Msee .!/A $0+ !lammable and &ombustible <iquids
&ode %-1.1.2 references to A0T7 3 #2+ !ire /oint+ and &!8 %# "2.0. 3epartment of
Transportation 5a6ardous 7aterials 8e)ulations'+ 7ethod of Testin) for 0ustained
&ombustibility.N 5owever+ a closed-cup flash point is used to classify the liquid and
characteri6e its ha6ard.
8elatar al destello que punto lo es el W3isparar punto.WBl punto de fue)o de un lLquido es
la temperatura en la que el encendido de vapores resultarO en la quema persistente. &omo
el perLodo W/unto de inflamaciPnW indica+ los vapores )enerados en esa temperatura
pasarOn como un rayo+ pero continuarOn quemarse no necesariamente. <a diferencia
entre punto ostentoso y punto de fue)o tiene un poco de trascendencia when diri)e
pruebas de punto ostentosas MXusted veY .!/A $0+ los lLquidos inflamables y
combustibles codifican % -1.1.2 referencias para #2 de 3 de A0T7+ /oint de fue)o+ y
&!8 %# "7inisterio de Transporte re)las de materiales peli)rosas de los BB.22.'+
7ethod de hacer pruebas de 0ustained &ombustibility.N sin embar)o+ un punto ostentoso
cerrar - ta6a es use clasificar el lLquido y caracteri6ar su peli)ro.
!or more information+ see A0T7 B 102+ 0tandard Test 7ethod for 0election and 2se of
A0T7 0tandards for the 3etermination of !lash /oint of &hemicals by &losed &up
7ethods and the A0T7 7anual on !lash /oint 0tandards and Their 2se.
/ara mOs informaciPn+ vea 102 de B de A0T7 el mUtodo de prueba estOndar para la
selecciPn y uso de los padrones de A0T7 para la determinaciPn de /oint de flash de
quLmicos por los mUtodos de ta6a cerrados y el manual de A0T7 sobre los padrones de
/oint de flash y su uso.
A-1-2.12 <isted.
The means for identifyin) listed equipment may vary for each or)ani6ation concerned
with product evaluation@ some or)ani6ations do not reco)ni6e equipment as listed unless
it is also labeled. The authority havin) :urisdiction should utili6e the system employed by
the listin) or)ani6ation to identify a listed product.
A-1 -2.12 escorP.
<os medios para identificar equipo puesto en una lista podrLan variar para cada
or)ani6aciPn preocupada por la evaluaciPn de producto@ al)unas or)ani6aciones
reconocen equipo como poner en una lista a menos que tampoco es etiquetado. <a
autoridad que tiene :urisdicciPn debe utili6ar el sistema dar traba:o por la or)ani6aciPn
de listado de identificar un producto puesto en una lista.
A-1-2.1, Aapor /ressure.
Aapor pressure is a measure of the pressure that the liquid e*erts a)ainst the atmosphere
above it. Hust as the atmosphere e*erts pressure on the surface of the liquid+ the liquid
pushes back. Aapor pressure is normally less than atmospheric pressure and is a measure
of the liquidIs tendency to evaporate+ to move from the liquid to the )aseous state. This
tendency is also referred to as volatility+ thus the use of the term volatile to describe
liquids that evaporate very easily. The hi)her the vapor pressure+ the )reater the rate of
evaporation and the lower the boilin) point. 0imply put+ this means more vapors and
increased fire risk.
A-1 -2.1, presiPn de vapor.
<a presiPn de vapor es una medida de la presiPn que el lLquido e:erce contra la atmPsfera
encima de Ul"ellaCeso'. Husto como la atmPsfera e:erce la presiPn aparentemente del
lLquido+ el lLquido empu:a la parte posterior. <a presiPn de vapor es normalmente less
que la presiPn atmPsferica y es una medida de la tendencia del lLquido evaporarse+
moverse del lLquido al estado )aseoso. Bsta tendencia tambiUn es refer to como la
volatilidad+ por lo tanto+ el uso del perLodo imprevisible describir lLquidos que se
evaporan muy fOcilmente. Bl mOs alto la presiPn de vapor+ el mOs )rande el rate de la
evaporaciPn y el inferior el punto de ebulliciPn. 0imply put+ esto representa mOs vapores
y el ries)o de fue)o increased.
A-2-1.$ /ossible temperature rise durin) transfer as well as the loadin) temperature and
altitude must be considered when determinin) if the flammable and combustible liquid
will be transported at or above its boilin) point. Ehere an accurate boilin) point is
unavailable for the material in question+ or for mi*tures that do not have a constant
boilin) point+ the 10 percent point of a distillation performed in accordance with A0T7
3 -?+ 0tandard 7ethod of Test for 3istillation of /etroleum /roducts+ may be used as
the boilin) point of the liquid.
A-2 -1.$ temperatura posible aumenta durante la transferencia tan bien como la
temperatura de car)a y la altitud deben ser considerado when determina si el lLquido
inflamable y combustible serO transportado en o encima de su punto de ebulliciPn.
3onde un punto de ebulliciPn e*acto es inasequible para el material en cuestiPn+ o para
me6clas que no tienen un punto de ebulliciPn constante+ el punto 10 Z de una destilaciPn
funcionP de conformidad con -? de 3 de A0T7 mUtodo estOndar de Test para la
destilaciPn de productos de petrPleo+ puede ser usado como el punto de ebulliciPn del
lLquido.
A-2-1.1 (n case of doubt+ the supplier or producer of the flammable and combustible
liquid or other competent authority should be consulted as to the suitability of the
material of construction to be used.
A-2 -1.1 en caso de la duda+ el proveedor o el productor de la autoridad competente
lLquida inflamable y combustible otra deben ser consultados con respecto a la
conveniencia de la tela de la construcciPn ser usados
A-2-$.2 7inimum requirements for materials listed below are duplicated from %# &!8
1,-.$%1+ in effect as of Hanuary 1+ 1#,%.
A-2 -$.2 los requisitos mLnimos para materiales poner en una lista aba:o son repetidos de
%# &!81,-.$%1+ vi)ente hasta 1 de enero+1#,%.
A-2-$.11.% (nformation on suitable methods for conductin) the flow tests is provided in
A/( 0tandard 2000.
A-2 -$.11.% la informaciPn sobre los mUtodos apropriados para diri)ir las pruebas de
circulaciPn es proveLda en 0tandard 2000 de A/(
A-2-%.1.1 The %1-second viscosity limit is included for the purposes of requirin) internal
valves when transportin) free-flowin) distillate oils+ such as kerosene+ diesel oil+ and
domestic heatin) oil+ and of e*cludin) this requirement when transportin) viscous oils
such as residual fuel oil+ bunker fuel oil+ and asphalt products that can con)eal and cause
malfunctionin) of the valve.
A-2 -%.1.1 el lLmite de viscosidad de %1 se)undos es incluido para los propPsitos de
requerir vOlvulas internas when transporta aceites de sLntesis libre - fluir+ como
queroseno+ aceite de diesel+ y aceite para calefacciPn nacional+ y de e*cluir este requisito
when transporta aceites viscosos como )asoil residual+ aceite de combustible lLquido+ y
productos de asfalto que pueden cua:ar y causar se estropear de la vOlvula.
A-?-1.? (n case of doubt+ the supplier or producer of the flammable or combustible liquid
or other competent authority should be consulted.
A-? -1.? en caso de la duda+ el proveedor o el productor de la autoridad competente
lLquida inflamable o combustible otra deben ser consultados.
A-?-1.- To reduce the dan)er of static i)nition when chan)in) from &lass ( to &lass (( or
&lass ((( "switch loadin)'+ other precautions may be necessary. "0ee Appendi* ; for
further information.'
A-? -1.- reducir el peli)ro del encendido estOtico when cambiar de class ( a class (( o
clasificar ((( "cambiar car)ando'+ las otras precauciones podrLan ser necesarias. "Aea ;
de apUndice para la informaciPn adicional.'
A-?-2.1$ ;ond wires can be insulated or noninsulated. A noninsulated wire permits
ready visual inspection for continuity of bond. (nsulated types should be electrically
tested or inspected periodically for continuity of the entire bond circuit includin) clamps
and connectors.
A-? -2.1$ cables de ;ond pueden ser aislados o noninsulated. 2n tele)rama noninsulated
permite la inspecciPn visual lista para la continuidad de fian6a. <os tipos aislados deben
ser evaluados con electricidad o inspeccionado periPdicamente para la continuidad del
circuito del bono entero incluyendo abra6aderas y conectores.
A##endi> ,
Precautions a*ainst @*nition b8 Static "lectricit8
This appendi* is not a part of the requirements of this .!/A document but is included
for informational purposes only.
,'$ %eneral @nformation.
;-1.1 &hapter ? of this standard includes requirements directed at preventin) the
occurrence of static-caused fires or e*plosions in the operation of tank vehicles. This
appendi* provides back)round information concernin) the )eneration+ accumulation+ and
release of static char)es "sparks' in such operations and e*plains the reasons for the
required precautions.
;-1.2 !or a more detailed discussion of static electricity and methods for its control for
the purpose of eliminatin) or miti)atin) its fire ha6ard+ see .!/A ,,+ 8ecommended
/ractice on 0tatic Blectricity.
,' Static "lectricit8(
;-2.1 Feneration. 0tatic electricity almost always results from the intimate contact and
subsequent separation of two substances+ most often dissimilar substances. Ehile the
most widely reco)ni6ed manifestations involve the separation of solids+ liquid-solid
separation is also a )eneratin) means and the one most important in the operation of tank
vehicles.
The flow of any fluid "even water' past a surface+ such as the wall of a pipe+ results in the
separation of electric char)e. (f the fluid is a conductor of electricity+ such as water+ the
separated char)es quickly reunite+ and there is no conspicuous evidence that char)e
separation had ever occurred. ;ut if the liquid is a poor conductor+ as are many oils+ this
recombination may be hindered+ and a persistent char)e may accumulate.
(f a metallic vessel insulated from its surroundin)s is filled in this manner+ the char)e
carried by the liquid can be communicated to the vessel. (n other words+ the vessel can
become 4char)ed+9 or assume an electrical potential different from that of its
surroundin)s. (f a wire connected to some other body or to earth is brou)ht close to the
vessel bein) filled+ this char)e can be released in the form of a spark.
(n a somewhat different but analo)ous manner+ a char)e may accumulate on the surface
of the fluid in an area remote from the vessel walls+ even thou)h the vessel is itself
4)rounded+9 and this surface char)e can+ under certain circumstances+ be released in the
form of a spark.
;oth of these means of spark production are important and will be dealt with separately.
;-2.2 &har)in) Tendency. The words char)in) tendency or static-)eneratin) ability have
come into use in describin) the capability of a fluid to )enerate and hold a dan)erous
char)e of static electricity. (n the followin)+ the word oil will be used to typify such a
fluid irrespective of ori)in. Actually+ such fluids ran)e from pure chemicals to comple*
mi*tures such as kerosene and other products of petroleum@ some have a char)in)
tendency and some do not.
The static-)eneratin) capability of any oil is influenced in a comple* manner by the
presence of ioni6able components and the oilIs electrical resistivity+ as discussed in
detail in .!/A ,,+ 8ecommended /ractice on 0tatic Blectricity. /roduct name is not a
reliable means of distin)uishin) one oil from another as re)ards static-)eneratin)
capability. 5ence+ the precautions listed in this document are based on the concept that
all oils are suspect+ with the important e*ception that crude oil and all materials
containin) more than a very small amount of the heavy residuum of crude oil distillation
are known to be nonaccumulators because of their relatively hi)h conductivity. Alcohols
or other chemicals containin) appreciable amounts of dissolved water and certain
chemicals with low resistivities fall into the same cate)ory.
0ince all oils under handlin) conditions have at least some small conductivity+ such that
a char)e will eventually leak off+ it obviously follows that the persistence of a char)e
must represent an equilibrium between the )eneratin) rate and the leaka)e rate.
Feneratin) rate depends on the rate of motion of the fluid.
(n some cases the linear velocity of flow in a pipe is considered important from the
standpoint of static )eneration. A special case involves pumpin) oil throu)h filters+
where the intimate contact between the oil and the filter element is known to produce a
hi)h de)ree of electrification.
(n either case if+ after leavin) the place of hi)h )eneration+ the oil reaches a place
involvin) a lesser de)ree of turbulence+ some of the char)e will leak away+ or 4rela*+9
and 4rela*ation time9 has become a consideration in many instances.
,'3 @*nition :aCard(
The development of electrical char)es does not of itself constitute a fire or e*plosion
ha6ard. There must also be present a means of accumulatin) or storin) the char)e and
some place "a spark )ap' where the stored ener)y can be released in the form of a spark
in the presence of a mi*ture that is i)nitable. The ha6ard does not e*ist if any one of
these three requirements > )eneration means+ spark )ap+ or i)nitable mi*ture > is
absent. (t follows naturally that no precautions need be taken if one of these three
requirements is known to be absent+ and that where this is not assured+ corrective
measures will be directed toward eliminatin) one of them.
,'/ ">am#les(
"a' (n fillin) a tank vehicle throu)h a top openin)+ a bond wire between the car)o tank
and the fill stem "?-2.12' will maintain the tank and fill pipe at the same electrical
potential and hence prevent a spark in an area where it is suspected that a flammable
mi*ture is present Msee e*ceptions in "b' belowN.
(t should be emphasi6ed that this bond does not prevent the accumulation of a char)e
on the liquid surface+ and additional precautions can be necessary "see 0ection ;-1+
0witch <oadin)'.
"b' .o such precaution "bond wire' is required under circumstances where it is assured
that there can be no i)nitable mi*ture present. An e*ample of such a situation is
where tank vehicles are used e*clusively for transportin) &lass (( and &lass (((
liquids "?-2.12+ B*ception .o. 2'. 0ince &lass (( and &lass ((( liquids do not produce
i)nitable mi*tures at ordinary temperatures+ there will be nothin) to i)nite in the
tanks transportin) such liquids. The word e*clusively is important. There are many
tank vehicles operated by fuel oil dealers that+ by the nature of the operation+ fall into
this cate)ory. The e*ception 4where no &lass ( liquids are handled9 is included both
to )uard a)ainst inadvertent fillin) with a &lass ( liquid and to reco)ni6e the
desirability of havin) uniform bondin) practices at a terminal handlin) &lass ( as
well as &lass (( or &lass ((( liquids.
"c' .o bond wire is necessary "?-2.12+ B*ception .o. 1' when loadin) or unloadin)
asphalt+ crude oil+ or a product containin) substantial proportions of crude residuum
or other liquids that are known to have low resistivities. These oils are not
susceptible to accumulation of dan)erous static char)es on the liquid surface+ nor do
they produce dan)erous char)es on the container+ because the conductivity of the
liquid is hi)h enou)h to permit rapid neutrali6ation of any char)es separated durin)
transfer.
"d' 0tatic protective practices are not necessary+ irrespective of the liquid bein) handled+
where the physical arran)ement is such that there is no chance of a spark occurrin) in
the presence of a flammable mi*ture. /ara)raph ?-2.1% lists several such situations.
"1' (n fillin) under)round tanks+ the fill no66le is invariably in contact with the fill
openin). (n these cases the no66le and tank are at the same electrical potential
because of their contact. !urthermore+ no spark )ap e*ists.
"2' <oadin) or unloadin) throu)h ti)ht connections. /rior to makin) the connection+
there is no flow and no )eneratin) mechanism e*ists. 3urin) transfer there may
be static )eneration within the flow system+ but there is no place for a spark to
occur in the presence of an i)nitable mi*ture. !low is shut down before the
connection is broken+ and there can be no potential difference to cause a spark
because the two parts to be separated are in contact and at the same potential up
to the instant of separation. ;ottom fillin) is a special case of closed connection+
and no bondin) is necessary.
,'5 S-itch Loadin*(
The term switch loadin) "A-?-1.-' has come into use to describe a situation that warrants
special consideration.
Ehen a tank is emptied of a car)o of &lass ( liquid+ there is left a mi*ture of vapor and
air+ which can be+ and often is+ within the flammable ran)e. Ehen such a tank is refilled
with a &lass ( liquid+ any char)e that reaches the tank shell will be bled off by the
required bond wire "?-2.12'. Also+ there will be no flammable mi*ture at the surface of
the risin) oil level because the &lass ( liquid produces at its surface a mi*ture too rich to
be i)nitable. This is the situation commonly e*istin) in tank vehicles in )asoline service.
(f+ as occasionally happens+ a static char)e does accumulate on the surface sufficient to
produce a spark+ it occurs in a too rich+ non-i)nitable atmosphere and thus causes no
harm.
A very different situation arises if the liquid is switch loaded+ that is+ when a &lass (( or
&lass ((( liquid is loaded into a tank vehicle that previously contained a &lass ( liquid.
&lass (( or &lass ((( liquids are not necessarily more potent static )enerators than the
&lass ( liquid previously loaded+ but the atmosphere in contact with the risin) oil surface
is not enriched to brin) it out of the flammable ran)e. (f circumstances are such that a
spark should occur either across the oil surface or from the oil surface to some other
ob:ect+ the spark occurs in a mi*ture that can be within the flammable ran)e+ and an
e*plosion can result.
(t is emphasi6ed that bondin) the tank to the fill stem is not sufficient@ a ma:ority of the
recorded e*plosions have occurred when it was believed the tank had been adequately
bonded. The electrostatic potential that is responsible for the spark e*ists inside the tank
on the surface of the liquid and cannot be removed by bondin). 7easures to reduce the
chance of such internal static i)nition can be one or more of the followin).
"a' Avoid spark promoters. &onductive ob:ects floatin) on the oil surface increase the
chance of sparkin) to the tank wall. 7etal )a)e rods or other ob:ects pro:ectin) into
the vapor space can create a spark )ap as the risin) liquid level approaches the
pro:ection. A common precaution is to require that fill pipes "downspouts' reach as
close to the bottom of the tank as practicable. Any operation such as samplin)+ takin)
oil temperature+ or )a)in) that involves lowerin) a conductive ob:ect throu)h an
openin) into the vapor space on the oil should be deferred until at least 1 minute after
flow has ceased. This will permit any surface char)e to rela*.
"b' 8educe the static )eneration by one or more of the followin)=
"1' Avoid splash fillin) and upward sprayin) of oil where bottom fillin) is used.
"2' Bmploy reduced fill rates at the start of fillin) throu)h downspouts+ until the end
of the spout is submer)ed. 0ome consider $ ft "0.#1% m' per sec to be a suitable
precaution.
"$' Ehere filters are employed+ provide rela*ation time in the pipin) downstream
from the filters. A rela*ation time of $0 seconds is considered by some to be a
suitable precaution.
"c' Bliminate the flammable mi*ture by )as freein) or inertin) before switchin) loads.