Implication of Vinay and Darbelnets Model on Wida-e-J ang

Vinay and darbelnets model that is also known as classical model is

based on comparative stylistic analysis of French and English but it is
also applicable on other languages.
Themodel proposes two strategies for translation, which are:
Direct translation
Oblique translation
Both are based on seven procedures. Three procedures which come
under direct translation are:
Borrowing
Calque
Literal Translation
The rest of the four procedures which come under oblique translation
are:
Transposition
Modulation
Equivalence
Adaptation

The examples of all of these procedures can be found in Wida-e-Jang,
the translation of A Farewell to Arms.

Direct translation:
Direct translation can also be called literal translation. It covers three
procedures which are as follows:
1. Borrowing
In the procedure of borrowing, a word is borrowed from the source
language and directly transferred to the target language
.
Examples of borrowing are as follows.
Examples
ST TT
Station


x-ray


Surgeon


Gear


Socialist


Spaghetti

seats
Unit
Stock-yard
Railway Stadium 302
Delivery Room 336
Handle 336
Apron 336
Doctor 336
Mask 336
Operation 344
Count 270
Blaired 270
Champagne 270
Train 267
Brandy 252
Canvas 248
Grease 248
Rolls 295
Coffee
Toast

Justification of the above examples
The above examples show that the translator has borrowed the words
from ST and transferred them as it is in the TT. Some words like x-ray
gear, station, operation have been borrowed to fill the semantic gap as
there is no replacement for these words in the target language.
Some words like stock-yard socialist and seats have been borrowed to
convey his message affectively in TT. As he could not have done so if
he had used the corresponding words in target language.
The words like spaghetti, rolls coffee, toast, champagne, brandy and
apron, count have been used not only to fill the semantic gap but also to
give cultural color as these foods belong specifically to the source
culture.
Calque
It is a special type of borrowing in which a word is borrowed from the
SL and translated literally in the TL.
Examples
ST TT
Field hospitals



Metal to metal brakes

Nurses 352
Italian 296
Lire
12
14
American
298
298
British
298
298
Lire
12
14
Buttons 162
monsieur 162
madame 162

Justification of the examples
In the above examples we can see that the translator could have
borrowed these words as it is but he borrowed them and then transferred
the source language expression in to the TL.
Literal translation
The translator takes the words from SL and translate them literally in
TL.
Examples
ST TT
Ambulance
Marble
Nobel
Rotten
Delightful language
Nobel young man
Good man
Good night
Carpe162 162
Priest
13
14

Justification of the above examples
In the above examples we can see that translator has translated these
words literally into the TL so they fall in the category of literal
translation
Oblique translation
It is also referred to as free translation. it includes following procedures
the examples are as follows.
Transposition
According to Vinay and Darbelenet, Transposition includes one part of
speech into the other without bringing any change in the sense.
Example no 1
ST TT
You talk out loud

Justification of the above example no 1
In the above example the verb talk in the source has been translated into
the noun bol into the target text but the sense has remained the same
and both are conveying the same meaning in the sentence which is
speaking out loudly
EXAMPLE NO 2
ST TT
He slept heavily

Justification of the above example no 2
In the above example the verb slept in the ST has been translated into
the noun neend but the sense has remained the same.

Modulation
According to Vinay and Darbelnet, Modulation involves change in
semantic and point of view of the language.
Examples No 1
ST TT
The Austrians were son of bitches



Justification of the above example no1
In the above example the translator has removed the specific slang word
of ST and just informed the reader that the Austrians were abused. By
doing so, he has changed the semantic view of language.
Example no 2
ST TT
I shook hand with the third doctor.
Justification of the above example
In the ST the writer has mentioned I shook hands with the third
doctor. But the translator has translated as I shook hands with every
one turn by turn. In doing so, the translator has changed the semantic
meaning of the language.
Example no 3
ST TT
We are all friends here

Justification of the above example
In the above example the author in source text said we are all friends
here and the translator translated as No one here is a stranger inTT.
By doing so he has converted the cause that they are all friends into
effect that no one is a stranger among them. In this way he has changed
the semantic view of the language.
Example no 4
ST TT
I didnt say anything.

Justification of the above example
In the above example, the author of source text used the expression I
didnt say anything but the translator translated it as I remained quiet
in TT. By doing so he has converted the cause that he the person didnt
say anything into the effect that the person remained quiet. In this way
he has changed the semantic view of the language.
Example no 5
ST TT
No one was talking

Justification of the above example
In the above example, the author of source text used the expression No
one was talking but the translator translated it as There was silence
everywhere in TT. By doing so he has converted the cause that no one
was talking into the effect that there was silence everywhere. In this way
he has changed the semantic view of the language


Equivalence
According to Vinay and Darbelnet Equivalence means when one
situation is described by different stylistic and structural means in
another language
Example no
ST TT
I said I had killed plenty.

Justification of the above example
In the above example we see that in the ST the narrator has said I had
killed plenty but in the TT the translator extended the stylistic
description by making the narrate boast his valor and translated it as I
admitted with humbleness that I had killed plenty of Austrians
Example no 2
ST TT
It was alright

Justification of the above example
In the above example, the author in ST simply said it was alright but
the translator described it with different stylistic features and translated
it as After suspending all the suspicions, I didnt have any kind of
doubt. In this way he has described the statement with different stylistic
and structural features.
Add another example.




Adaptation
According to Vinay and Darbelnet This involves changing the cultural
reference when a situation in the source culture does not exist in the
target culture.
Examples
ST TT
I hope to Christ not
Christ, I say its rotten
I say its rotten Jesus

Jesus Christ, aint this all a
goddamn war?


Justification of the above examples
In the above examples, the author of ST has used Christ and Jesus in his
text but the translator didnt mention Christ and Jesus because it is
against our religious beliefs so he just used the word God.
In the last example, in place of goddamn, he used the word because
goddamn does not exist in our cultural context
Examples
ST TT
They will shell the hell out of us
200



Justification of the above example
In the above example, the author of ST has used the expression Shell
the hell out of us but since such expression does not exist in our
cultural context so he has used a local idiom chatikadodh instead
Examples
ST TT
Go to hell
13
14