PART-I

1

HISTORY OF COMPANY

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HISTORY OF THE COMPANY
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (known as BSNL) is a public sector communications
company in India. Its headquarters are at Statesman House Barakhamba !oad New
"elhi. It has a status o# $ini !atna % a status assigned to reputed &ublic Sector companies
in India.
BSNL is India's oldest and largest (ommunication Ser)ice &ro)ider ((S&). (urrently
BSNL has a customer base o# *+., million (Basic - $obile telephony). It has #ootprints
throughout India e.cept #or the metropolitan cities o# $umbai and New "elhi which are
managed by $/NL. 0s on $arch 12 3445 BSNL commanded a customer base o# 11.5
million 6ire line 1.* million ("$0%6LL and 35.7 million 8S$ $obile subscribers.
BSNL's earnings #or the 9inancial :ear ending $arch 12 344, stood at IN! +42.,b
(;S< =.4= b) with net pro#it o# IN! ,=.+b (;S< 3.43 billion). /oday BSNL is India's
largest /elco and one o# the largest &ublic Sector ;ndertaking o# the country with
authori>ed share capital o# ;S< 1.=7 billion (IN! 25744 (rores) and net worth o# ;S<
2+.13 billion.
/he #oundation o# /elecom Network in India was laid by the British sometime in 2=th
century. /he history o# BSNL is linked with the beginning o# /elecom in India. In 2=th
century and #or almost entire 34th century the /elecom in India was operated as a
8o)ernment o# India wing. ?arlier it was part o# erstwhile &ost - /elegraph "epartment
(&-/). In 2=57 the "epartment o# /elecom ("o/) was separated #rom &-/. "o/ was
responsible #or running o# /elecom ser)ices in entire country until 2=,7 when $ahan
agar /elephone Nigam Limited ($/NL) was car)ed out o# "o/ to run the telecom

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ser)ices o# "elhi and $umbai. It is a well known #act that BSNL was car)ed out o#
"epartment o# /elecom to pro)ide le)el playing #ield to pri)ate telecoms. Subsequently
in 2==4s the telecom
sector was opened up by the 8o)ernment #or &ri)ate In)estment there#ore it became
necessary to separate the 8o)ernment's policy wing #rom @perations wing. /he
8o)ernment o# India corporati)e the operations wing o# "o/ on @ctober 42 3444 and
named it as Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL).BSNL operates as a public sector.
VISION, MISSION & OBJECTIVES
VISION
/o become the largest telecom Ser)ice &ro)ider in 0sia.
MISSION
/o pro)ide world class State%o#%art technology telecom ser)ices to its customers on
demand at competiti)e prices.
/o pro)ide world class telecom in#rastructure in its area o# operation and to contribute to
the growth o# the country's economy.

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OBJECTIVES
/o be a Lead /elecom Ser)ices &ro)ider.
/o pro)ide Auality and reliable #i.ed telecom ser)ice to our customer and there
by increase customer's con#idence.
/o pro)ide mobile telephone ser)ice o# high Auality and become no. 2 8S$
operator in its area o# operation.
/o pro)ide point o# interconnection to other ser)ice pro)ider as per their
requirement promptly.
/o #acilitate ! - " acti)ity in the country.

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BRAND NAMES OF BSNL SERVICES
9ollowing are the appro)ed brand names o# )arious BSNL ser)icesB
(@!&@!0/? SI8N0/;!? B


&@S/&0I" (?LL;L0! S?!CI(?B


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&!?%&0I" (?LL;L0! S?!CI(?B

BSNL UNITS IN INDIA
/elecom (ircles $etro "istricts
0ndaman - Nicobar /elecom (ircle (alcutta
0ndhra &radesh /elecom (ircle (hennai
0ssam /elecom (ircle
&roDect (ircles
Bihar /elecom (ircle ?astern /elecom &roDect (ircle
(hhattisgarh /elecom (ircle 6estern /elecom &roDect (ircle
8uDarat /elecom (ircle Northern /elecom &roDect (ircle
Haryana /elecom (ircle Southern /elecom &roDect (ircle
&ratapgarh (;.&.) /elecom (ircle I/ &roDect (ircle &une
Eammu - Fashmir /elecom (ircle
$aintenance !egions
Eharkhand /elecom (ircle ?astern /elecom $aintenance !egion
Farnataka /elecom (ircle 6estern /elecom $aintenance !egion
Ferala /elecom (ircle Northern /elecom $aintenance !egion
$adhya &radesh /elecom (ircle Southern /elecom $aintenance !egion
$aharashtra /elecom (ircle Speciali>ed /elecom ;nits
North ?ast%I /elecom (ircle "ata Networks

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North ?ast%II /elecom (ircle National (entre 9or ?lectronic Switching
@rissa /elecom (ircle /echnical - "e)elopment (ircle
&unDab /elecom (ircle Auality 0ssurance
!aDasthan /elecom (ircle
&roduction ;nits
/amil Nadu /elecom (ircle /elecom 9actory $umbai
;&(?) /elecom (ircle /elecom 9actory Eabalpur
;& (6) /elecom (ircle /elecom 9actory !ichhai
;ttaranchal /elecom (ircle /elecom 9actory Folkata
6est Bengal /elecom (ircle
@ther ;nits
/raining Institutions /elecom Stores
0d)anced Le)el /elecom /raining (entre North ?ast /ask 9orce
Bharat !atna Bhim !ao 0mbedkar
Institute @# /elecom /raining
/elecom ?lectrical 6ing
National 0cademy o# /elecom 9inance and
$anagement
/elecom (i)il 6ing
!egional /elecom /raining (entres
(ircle /elecom /raining (entres
"istrict /elecom /raining (entres

MAR!ETIN" STRATE"IES OF BSNL
SYNOPSIS#
/his article deals with the miracle shared )ision can do to the organi>ation. Cision
concept and philosophy at an indi)idual as well as organi>ation le)el has been discussed.
It also co)ers importance and dri)ing #orce o# )ision in $arketing strategies Selling
Business "e)elopment $arket share etc. Carious marketing trends ha)e been
mentioned. It is an e##ort to share )ision with one and all.
1# I$%&'()*%+'$#
@ur )isions begin with our desires.
% 0udre Lorde
6e all ha)e some )isions o# oursel)es and our #uture and that )ision creates
consequences. $ore than any other #actor )ision a##ects the choices we make and the
way we spend our time.
Cisions dri)e consequences.
&rinciples dri)e results.
Fey is to base )ision on principles.
% Stephen ! (o)ey.
It is true #or indi)iduals as well as organi>ations. /he strongest #orm o# )ision G
moti)ation is to base )ision on H6hat Legacy we want to lea)e.I 0nd to achie)e it we
must take a principled centered path. History is #ull o# e.amples that many organi>ations
ha)e )anished grown and )anished o)ernight as their path to achie)e )ision was not

,

based on principled way Cision o# the organi>ation can only be translated into reality i# it
is shared by one and all. /he best way to implement is to in)ol)e them in #ormulation.
But e)en i# it is concei)ed by higher management then it has to be e.plained to each and
e)ery indi)idual o# the organi>ation otherwise it may remain as a showpiece.
2# M-&./%+$0 O12/*%+3/#

/he ultimate obDecti)e o# any marketing acti)ity is to satis#y the customers and today
e)en a step ahead i.e. JdelightingK the customers #or which customers are o##ered
something beyond their e.pectations #rom the ser)ice or the product. /he obDecti)e being
to acquire and retain the customers who should continually #eel that they are getting
more )alue o# the money they are departing with.
$arketing is the establishment de)elopment maintenance and optimi>ation o# long%term
mutually )aluable relationships between consumers and organi>ation. Success#ul
$arketing #ocuses on understanding the needs and desires o# the customers and is
achie)ed by placing these needs at the heart o# business by integrating them with the
organi>ation strategy people technology and business processes. 0t its most basic
$arketing in)ol)es customers organi>ations and relationships and the combination
creates the need #or the management.
In simple words it implies a buyer a seller bonded by the mutual need satis#ying o##er
and a mediumGprocess to e.change the o##er.


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3# M-&./%+$0 P&'*/55#
6e o#ten talk o# marketing - Sales and o#ten use it interchangeably without
understanding the di##erence in it. $arketing is e)erything we do to get and le)erage a
client relationship. $arketing process is broad and includes all o# the #ollowingB %
"isco)ering what product ser)ice or idea customers want.
&roducing a product with the appropriate #eatures and Auality.
&ricing the product correctly.
&romoting the productL spreading the word about why customers should buy it.

4# C'$%&-5%+$0 %6/ S-7/5 C'$*/8% 9+%6 %6/ M-&./%+$0 C'$*/8%:-
/he concepts surrounding both selling and marketing also di##er. /here is a need #or both
selling and marketing approaches in di##erent situations. @ne approach is not always right
and the other always wrong % it depends upon the particular situation.
In a marketing approach more listening to and e)entual accommodation o# the target
market occurs. /wo%way communication (sometimes between a salesperson and a
customer) is emphasi>ed in marketing so learning can take place and product o##erings
can be impro)ed.
/he 5&s #or ser)ice marketing (&roduct price place promotion physical e)idence
people - process) are the means to attain nurture - retain the customers and not the
end.


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7. M+55+'$ & V+5+'$#

Here is a test to find whether
Your mission on earth is finished:
If you are alive, it isnt.
Richard Bach.
$ost o# the big companies ha)e a Cision - $ission statement so as to guide their all
energy e##orts to reali>e it. BSNL also has a )ision J/o become the largest /elecom
Ser)ice pro)ider in South ?ast 0siaK. 9irstly we need to understand the parameter #or
being the largest. Is it re)enue 0!&; pro#it subscribers Network (no o# e.changes
B/S etc)M 9rom monopoly to multi operator scenario BSNLKs market share is bound to
reduce. But how much down we will let itM /here are lot o# similarities between British
/elecom - us. @ne must keep watch on market share in monthly growth and take timely
action. /o impro)e our share we need to acquire more than 74N o# new acquisitions
while maintaining earlier. /his is A.uite challenging in this dynamic en)ironment. /oday
landline base is reducing across globe but whyM ?urope de#ines an operator with 37N or
more market share as Signi#icant market &ower (S$&) while they intend to increase it
largest operator and we must stri)e not only to maintain but enhance it. 6e need to act
#ast. /imely action is an essence 6hat should be our marketing Cision will it help us in
inspiring to achie)e higher. (an it be something such as H/o retain the highest market
share build highest brand equity and ma.imi>ing the pro#itsMI


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6# B&-$( E;)+%<#
6e may think what is Brand equityM In simple words it is how #ar people are willing to
pay i# we increase our prices i.e. premium #or our ser)ices. 6e may #eel happy to say
there is lot o# black marketing o# our SI$ cards. Is it a healthy signM 6e reduce prices
when competitors launch new schemes. "oes it imply poor brand equityM Brand ?quity
can be built with good equity o# Auality o# ser)ices at the a##ordable price. (ontinuous
inno)ation in product and deli)ery o# ser)ices with the appropriate pricing is the key
strategy #or de)eloping the trust in customer so that he keeps his loyalty with BSNL. 6e
ha)e to be #irst mo)er in our e##orts #or product and price di##erentiation. &resently the
market is in growth phase and price could be a di##erentiating #actor but how longM Is
any scope le#t #or #urther cutsM ;ltimately it is the Auality customer care and timely
a)ailability apart #rom price which will matter.
6hat is ;S& (;nique Selling &roposition) #or BSNLM 0 8o)ernment company which
deli)ers. 0 go)ernment company which gi)es ser)ice better than pri)ate could be a
deadly combination which no competitor can copy.

7# S'*+-7 R/58'$5+1+7+%< #
B.S.N.L. the most trusted telecom brand in year 3441 - 344+. 6e ha)e been gi)en
8olden &eacock award #or Best (orporate Social responsibility. How can we le)erage
these distinctionsM /hese achie)ements need to be highlighted through public relation
e.ercise like press meet. /his will help us in building our marketing image. In sales and
distribution #ront though we ha)e o)er one%lakh retailers 2444 #ranchisees 1144 (S(s
1*444 e.changes why are we not )isible like othersM 6hy canKt we utili>e all possible

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spaceM (anKt we le)erage our #ranchisee and S/"%&(@ strengthsM (an we make these
outlets as our core strengthM 6hy our recharge coupons India /elephone (ards are in
shortage when there is no capacity constraintM "oes it imply that our planning #or
printing in)entory management logistics and supply chain and o# course #ranchisee
management is ine##icientM "o we ha)e targets #or these Dust like "?Ls - (ell @neM
6hy canKt we le)erage this huge network #or better customer care and impro)e collection
e##iciencyM 6e must reali>e that with wai)er o# security deposits no @:/ schemes no
ad)ance rentals adDustment o# landline security #or (ell @ne we donKt get #i.ed deposits
to meet our #unds requirements. ?)erything has to be met #rom @perating re)enues. 6e
need to impro)e collections reali>e bills early not on the last day o# payment and reduce
bad debts. 6e need to pro)ide 3+O5 culture in our organi>ation though we ha)e been
pro)iding operation and maintenance on 3+O5 basis in the past and we will continue to
pro)ide in #uture too but what about pro)isioning customer care and marketing on 3+O5
basisM

# B)5+$/55 D/3/7'8=/$%#
Business de)elopment units ha)e been gi)en the task to de)elop and nurture long%
term relations with corporate houses. $any $o;s ha)e been signed. Bulk bills are being
issued. @ne%point payments are being reali>ed #or multiple ser)ice locations. Fey
0ccount $anager concept has been introduced. 0ll this requires change o# mindset in
addition to the skills o# marketing - sales. "o we ha)e skilled manpowerM Is our
organi>ation setup apt #or better resultsM /he sta## e.pense to re)enue ratio could be a
good indicator.

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No doubt our re)enues are up. &ro#it has increased. But consider the marketing budget we
ha)e in comparison to others. ?)en with this little budget many circles are unable to
utili>e it. 6e need to probe oursel)es. (orporate o##ice has permitted delegation o# up to
54N o# (ircle budget to SS0s. "oes it mean that our budget planning is wrongM How
should we allocate marketing budget and which parameter to weighM

P&er "?LG$obile
P0cquisition cost
PLi#e time )alue
P(ompetitor spend
P8rowth targets

,# L+>/ T+=/ V-7)/
:ou canKt gi)e people pride but you can pro)ide the kind o# understanding that makes
people look to their inner strength and #ind their own sense o# pride.
% (harles>etta
6addles.
It is high time we learn #ast groom oursel)es impro)e our mindset and act #ast. Business
perspecti)e is equally important as e.cellence in /elecom operations maintenance and
installations - planning. @ur core competence should be telecom business acumen and
not Dust traditional e.pertise de)eloped o)er the


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14# S)==-&<
Cision is set in the Boardroom but reali>ed in the battle#ield. ?ach and e)ery customers
has to continuously lead this battle to be )ictorious. /he corporate o##ice is always
willing to pro)ide all resources. /ogether we can reali>e our )ision.
CAPITAL OUTLET OF BSNL
C)=)7-%+3/ C-8+%-7 O)%7-<
BSNL had 8ross #i.ed assets o# o)er !s 222*=3 crores (;S < 37.23 Billion) as on 12%41%344*.

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CAPITAL INVESTMENT
0nnual (apital In)estment in the network has increased #rom !s. 5,7 crores (;S< 4.2, billion) in 2=,*%,5 to
o)er !s. *,1, crores ( ;S < 2.71 billion) in 3447%4*. /his in)estment has been #inanced mainly by the internal
accruals.
COMPETITORS
/ype &ublic Listed on BS?
9ounded 2=,7

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HeadA.uarters New "elhi India
Fey people Sunil $ittal
Industry /elecom
&roducts
$obile and 9i.ed%Line
/elecommunication operator
!e)enue ;S" 1.** billion
6ebsite httpBGGwww.Bharti.com
Bharti 0irtel #ormerly known as Bharti /ele%Centures Limited (B/CL) is among India's
largest mobile phone and 9i.ed Network operators. 6ith more than +4 million
subscriptions as o# $ay 3445 the company is one o# the world's #astest growing telecom
companies. It o##ers its mobile ser)ices under the 0irtel brand and is headed by Sunil
$ittal India's si.th richest men with a total worth o# ;S<*.= billion. /he company is the
only operator to pro)ide mobile ser)ices in all the 31 circles in India. /he company also
pro)ides telephone ser)ices and Internet access o)er "SL in 2+ circles. /he company
complements its mobile broadband - telephone ser)ices with national and international
long distance ser)ices. /he company also has a submarine cable landing station at
(hennai which connects the submarine cable connecting (hennai and Singapore. /he
company pro)ides reliable end%to%end data and enterprise ser)ices to the corporate
customers by le)eraging its nationwide #iber optic backbone last mile connecti)ity in
#i.ed%line and mobile circles CS0/s IS& and international bandwidth access through
the gateways and landing station.

1

0irtel is a brand o# telecommunication ser)ices in India operated by Bharti 0irtel.
0irtel is the largest cellular ser)ice pro)ider in India in terms o# number o# subscribers.
Bharti 0irtel owns the 0irtel brand and pro)ides the #ollowing ser)ices under the brand
name 0irtelB $obile Ser)ices (using 8S$ /echnology) Broadband - /elephone
Ser)ices (9i.ed line and Internet (onnecti)ity) Long "istance Ser)ices and ?nterprise
Ser)ices (/elecommunications (onsulting #or corporate).
Leading international telecommunication companies such as Coda#one and Sing/el hold
partial stakes in Bharti 0irtel.
TATA TELESERVICES
/ata /eleser)ices Limited (//SL) is part o# the /ata 8roup o# (ompanies an Indian
(onglomerate. /he company #orms part o# the /ata 8roup's presence in the
/elecommunication Industry in India along with /ata /eleser)ices ($aharashtra)
Limited (//$L) and CSNL.
IDEA CELLULAR
Idea cellular is a wireless telephony company operating in )arious states in India. It
initially started in 2==7 as a Doin )enture between the /atas 0ditya Birla 8roup and
0/-/ by merging /ate (ellular and Birla 0/-/ (ommunications.

1,

(ommonsB ImageB Idea (ellular logogriph created by ;serB Faran deshmukh=447.
Initially ha)ing a )ery limited #ootprint in the 8S$ arena the acquisition o# ?scorted in
344+ ga)e Idea a truly pan%India presence co)ering $aharashtra (e.cluding $umbai)
80@ 8uDarat 0ndhra &radesh $adhya &radesh (hattisgarh ;ttar &radesh (?ast and
6est) Haryana Ferala !aDasthan and "elhi (inclusi)e o# N(!).
MAR!ETIN" OF MOBILE PHONES
/he communication has become so important in the world o# today that it pro)ides a
ground #or success almost in all #ields o# human interactions communications is the sum
things that one person does when he wants to create understanding in the mind o# other. It
is a bridge o# the meaning. It in)ol)es a systematic and continuous process o# telling
listening and understanding. !ecent de)elopments in the #ield o# communication ha)e
re)olutioni>ed the style o# human being in the society. /he telephones and mobile phones
ha)e become the necessities o# daily li#e. /he two instruments play an important role in
the business pro#ession and in Dobs as well. /hrough India is a de)eloping country but it
has success#ully con)erted its capacity to realities in the #ield o# human interactionsG
communication. Some speci#ic group (businessman pro#essionals customers) enDoy the
#acilities o# mobile phones and instrument is becoming more popular with the passage o#
time. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited and some other pri)ate companies like 0irtel and
!eliance are working in the #ield o# pro)iding the #acilities to the common people. /he
instruments manu#actured by the national and #oreign companies are in the market. /he
urban population is their target customers in the unaware o# the bene#its o# the mobile

24

phones in day to day li#e there#ore some speci#ic methods o# marketing are required to
make the mobile phones an article o# daily use in the rural areas.
AVAILABILITY OF MOBILE HANDSETS SETS AND
CONNECTION AT PRATAP"ARH SUB-DIVISION.
T9' 1-5+* %6+$05 &/;)+&/( >'& %6/ )5/ '> ='1+7/ & 7-$(7+$/ 86'$/5 1< %6/ 8/'87/ '> -
8-&%+*)7-& -&/- -&/:-
(2) 0)ailability o# mobile - landline phones sets
(3) 0)ailability o# land line connections as well as 6LL signals in the areas. 0s it has
already been discussed that there are 5, 8ram &anchayat and one municipality in
&ratapgarh Sub%"i)ision. In this area main two companies are pro)iding land line
connection and 6LL signal to the people and these areB%
?1@ B6-&-% S-$*6-& N+0-= L+=+%/( ?B#S#N#L#@
/he B.S.N.L. has pro)iding sim cards o# mobile telephony to 234444 customers as on
12 $arch 344= under prepaid and postpaid #acility. 13+44 customers has been pro)ided
prepaid connections #acility and ,5*44 customers has pre#erred #or postpaid ser)ices. 0t
the time
9ollowing schemes o# recharging are implemented by B.S.N.L.
(2) !s. 112 (/alk )alue !s. 257) (&eriod 14 days Q27 days)
(3) !s. 772 (/alk )alue !s. 1*2) (&eriod +7 days Q27 days)

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(1) !s. 2243 (/alk )alue !s. ,33) (&eriod 234 days Q27 days)
(+) !s. 334+ (/alk )alue !s. 3444) (&eriod 2,4 days Q 27 days)
(7) !s. 114* (/alk )alue !s. 1444) (&eriod 1*7 days Q27 days)
?2@ A+&%/7:-
/he 0irtel has pro)ided connections to 14444 customers. @ut o# these customers
3,474 has been pro)ided prepaid sim cards and 2=74 customers has
Been pro)ided post paid sim cards . ;nder prepaid sim cards
Schemes are implemented by the companies are as #ollowsB%
(2) !s. 224 (/alk )alue !s. +=.13) (&eriod 24 days)
(3) !s. 114 (/alk )alue !s. 257) (&eriod 14 days)
(1) !s. **4 (/alk )alue !s. +51) (&eriod +7 days)
(+) !s. 2244 (/alk )alue !s. ,51) (&eriod *= days)
(7) !s. 1444 (/alk )alue !s.3,*=) (&eriod 1*7 days)
!echarging #acility #or B.S.N.L customer is a)ailable in 24 market places o# the area. /he
sub%dealers o# the company are working in the area. /he #ollowing are the places where
authori>ed dealers are a)ailable #or recharging the prepaid connection o# B.S.N.L
customers
Balipur
Sadar

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BabaganD
8o)indpur
$eerapur
Cikasnagar
"ahilamau
(i)il Lines
!amDi &uram
Shi)Di &uram
0uthori>ed dealer o# 0irtel ha)e established the business (dealership) in * market places
and these areB%
BabaganD
8o)indpur
Balipur
(i)il Lines
Sadarba>ar
Shi)puri
/he a)ailability o# mobile phones sets is possible at all the market places o# the area . It is
due to the #act that the area is adDoining to &ratapgarh. /his city is a maDor business centre
o# &unDab. /he authori>ed dealer o# all the companies producing mobile phones sets has
established this business in the city. /he whole sale marketing acti)ities take place there.

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/he retailer o# the area uses to purchase the sets #rom the &ratapgarh #or selling them in
)illages.
It was #ound that mobile phones o# di##erent companies were displayed at about 2= places
in the area namelyB%
8o)indpur
New (olony
(i)il Lines
Ci)eknagar
&ota &archa
$eerapur
Balipur
BabaganD
A LEARNIN" EAPERIENCE
0s part o# course curriculum o# &8"$ students and required to undergo training #or
around 3 months at the end o# second semester. /his training helps students to get
acquainted with the practical aspects o# the work scenario - pro)ides them with the
desired le)el o# e.perience that would be bene#icial #or them once they complete their
studies.

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(omplying with the course curriculum I took a three weeks research report at B.S.N.L .
"uring these three weeks I was able to learn a lot that should supplement my studies in
the ne.t two semesters. /he proDect gi)en to me was regarding theI (;S/@$?!
B?H0CI@! 9@! &!?&0I" - &@S/&0I" (@NN?(/I@NI under &ratapgarh (;.&.)
Sub%"i)isionI at B.S.N.L...
$y timings were #rom 24.44 0.$. to 7.44 &.$. @n the )ery ne.t day I started working
on my proDect I had to prepare a questionnaire #or conducting a sur)ey to know about the
H(;S/@$?! B?H0CI@! 9@! &!?&0I" - &@S/&0I" (@NN?(/I@NI I had to
go through e.tensi)e literature sur)ey about B.S.N.L.and about its policies.
@n the whole these three weeks ga)e me a lot o# practical e.posure and taught me a lot.
$y training at B.S.N.L was in#ormati)e and wonder#ul e.perience #or me. It helped me
to de)elop good reasoning skills and aptitude #or work and moreo)er also enhanced my
con#idence le)el. I consider mysel# lucky to ha)e got an opportunity to work as a trainee
with this esteemed organi>ation. $y training taught a lot and I am sure that knowledge
and e.perience attained through this training would surely help me in my #uture
assignment.

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COMPANY PROFILE

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COMPANY PROFILE
/ype (ommunication Ser)ice &ro)ider
0)ailability (ountrywide e.cept "elhi - $umbai
@wner /he 8o)ernment o# India
Fey people !ita 8oyal ((9@)L Fuldeep 8oyal ((?@)
9ounded 2=th century incorporated 3444
6ebsite www.bsnl.in
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
(orporate structure o# BSNL Board consists o# ($" - 9i)e #ull time "irectors Human
!esource "e)elopment (H!") &lanning - New Ser)ices @perations 9inance and

27

(ommercial - $arketing who manages the entire gamut o# BSNL operations. /here are
#i)e other "irectors in the #ull Board o# BSNL
CMD- M&# !)7(//8 "'<-7
Shri Fuldeep 8oyal has Doined as "irector (&lg. -NS) on
BSNL Board on 2st $ay 3445. He is an ?ngineering graduate #rom II/ !oorkee. He
Doined the Indian /elecommunication Ser)ice in 2=53. He is ha)ing )ast e.perience in
telecom #ield and had worked in all disciplines such as planning installation operation
and maintenance o# wire line and wireless ser)ices data ser)ices computeri>ation o#
)arious acti)ities in the telecom network and pro)ision o# )alue added ser)ices.
He has ser)ed in )arious parts o# the India )i>. 8uDarat $adhya &radesh "elhi and
$umbai etc. He was also deputed to #oreign proDect at :emen through
/elecommunication (onsultants India Ltd. In his pre)ious assignment as (hie# 8eneral
$anager $aharashtra #rom @ctober 3447 to 0pril 3445 he was o)erall in charge #or
monitoring o# operations planning and e.pansion o# telecom network o# the largest circle
o# BSNL and contributed to rapid growth o# telecom network in $aharashtra and 8oa
states during this period.
&rior to that he was working as ?.ecuti)e "irector $/NL $umbai #rom "ecember
344+ to @ctober 3447. He was responsible #or rapid growth o# 8S$ Network o# $/NL
$umbai more than doubling the connections during this short period taking market share

2

o# $/NL $umbai #rom ,.=1N in "ecember 344+ to 27.7N in @ctober 3447 in Dust 24
months against sti## competition.. Broadband ser)ice was also started in Eanuary 3447
building up a customer base o# +4444 by @ctober 3447 in Dust = months.
He has deli)ered a number o# talks on )arious topics relating to /elecom #or 8S$
0ssociation Institute o# ?ngineers Institute o# ?lectrical and /elecommunications
?ngineers (II "" and 0I!. He published many articles in '/elecommunications'
Eournal on topics )i>. '/elecommunication Industry at a glance' ';ni)ersal access %0n
international perspecti)e' and '/rade in /elecommunications'. He was also a $ember o#
National 6orking 8roup o# I/;%/ Study 8roup 3 on operational aspect o# ser)ice
pro)ision networks and per#ormance o# telecom networks and participated in meeting o#
I/;%/ Study 8roup 3 at 8ene)a. He was also a member o# /elecommunication
(ommittee o# Indian $erchants (hambers $umbai.
In his present assignment Shri 8oyal would be responsible #or ensuring planning and
e.ecution o# strategy #or e.pansion o# BSNL network to achie)e the targets set by the
8o)ernment #or 3424.
D+&/*%'& ?O8/&-%+'$5@- S6&+ J#R#")8%-

2,

Shri E.!. 8upta is an ?lectrical ?ngineer graduated #rom &unDab ?ngineering
(ollege (handigarh in 2=52 securing #irst rank in the &unDab ;ni)ersity. He Doined the
Indian /elecom Ser)ice o# the "@/ through a country wide competiti)e e.amination in
"ecember 2=53. "uring the last more than 11 years he held )arious important -
responsible positions in the "@/. He has worked #or installationGcommissioning o#
/elecom /ransmission &roDects &lanning Network @perations and $aintenance Human
!esource "e)elopment !egulatory 0##airs and Licensing and Standardi>ation. Be#ore
Doining the BSNL Board as Senior "y. "irector 8eneral he was heading the /elecom
?ngineering (enter o# "@/ which is a reputed institution that works on /elecom
Standardi>ation ?ngineering and e)aluation o# /elecom &roDects Ser)ices and
Networks.
Shri E.!. 8upta has Doined the BSNL Board as "irector (@perations) on 43%22%
3447. His main thrust is on impro)ing the Systems and $ethods so as to achie)e
@ptimal &er#ormance o# BSNL's e.tensi)e country%wide (e.cept "elhi and $umbai
$etros) In#rastructure and Network. He is also responsible #or short%term and long%term
business interests o# the (ompany particularlyL (ustomer Satis#action by way o#
ensuring timely satis#actory and quality ser)ices coordination with #ield units
success#ul implementation o# New /echnologies and Ser)ices through proper monitoring
and pro)iding world class integrated /elecom Ser)ices in the highly competiti)e
en)ironment.
D+&/*%'& ?F+$-$*/@- S6&+ S#D#S-B/$-

34

Shri S.".Sa.ena has taken o)er as "irector (9inance) in BSNL on
41.4+.3443. Shri Sa.ena holds an e.cellent academic record. He is $.Sc. (&hysics) and
$B0 (9inancial $anagement). 6inner o# many awards and medals he was awarded
(hancellor's 8old $edal #or being the most outstanding student in the 0gra ;ni)ersity in
the year 2=*5. &rior to Doining the 8o)ernment o# India through the I0S etc. e.amination
o# 2=53 he was a lecturer in &hysics at the ;ni)ersity o# !aDasthan at Eaipur and taught
#or si. years. "uring this period he was associated with )arious organi>ations including
/ata Institute o# 9undamental !esearch (/I9!) and 0tomic ?nergy. 0mong the notable
assignments o# Shri S.". Sa.ena special mention can be made o# (%"@/ where he was
in)ol)ed in setting up o# (%"@/ with Shri Sam &itroda and &admshri 8.B. $eemamsi.
He was also "irector (9) in the ?%24 B &roDect #or induction o# ?lectronic Switching
System in Indian /elecom Network.
He was I90 o# $ahanagar /elephone Nigam Ltd. #or 5 years and was acti)ely
in)ol)ed in the 8"! Issue rated as one o# the best 8"!s brought out by an Indian
(orporate including pri)ate companies. He was a member o# !akesh $ohan
In#rastructure (ommittee which made signi#icant recommendations #or the growth and
de)elopment o# Indian in#rastructure sector. Shri Sa.ena has been an acting $ember o#
the Study 8roup III under the aegis o# International /elecommunication ;nion. He was
the (hairman o# the Special !apporteur 8roup o# Study 8roup III #or telecommunication

31

statistics which made signi#icant contributions #or the presentation o# telecom statistics
on a 8lobal scale
D+&/*%'& ?P7-$$+$0 & N/9 S/&3+*/5@- M&# A#!# S+$6-
$r.0.F.Sinha Doined the Indian /elecommunication Ser)ice o# 8o)t
o# India in the year 2=*=. He is B.Sc (?ngineering) #rom $I/ $u>a##arpur. &rior to
Doining Indian /elecom Ser)ice he worked as a Lecturer at Bihar (ollege o# ?ngineering
&atna.
$r..Sinha has wide e.perience in installation and commissioning o# )arious switching
systems in the network o# (alcutta /elephones and "elhi /elephones. 6hile working as
"i)isional ?ngineer (Installation) he was instrumental in commissioning #irst (%+44 type
Eapanese /elephone ?.change in the network o# (alcutta /elephones and therea#ter in
$/NL "elhi /elephones. $r. 8oyal has got installed (%+44 and many 0nalogue as well
as "igital /elephone ?.changes.
$r.Sinha has worked as 8eneral $anager ("e)) in $/NL (orporate @##ice as well as
$/NL "elhi /elephones. He has taken e.tensi)e training both within the country and
abroad in )arious /elecom Switching Systems and many other important #ields o#
/elecommunications. He has also worked #or three years on deputation to the /elecom
"epartment o# 8o)ernment o# Nigeria as &rincipal ?ngineer /raining. $r. 8oyal has

32

worked as (hie# 8eneral $anager o# 0ndaman and Nicobar Island /elecom (ircle and
Eharkhand /elecom (ircle. $r. Sinha Doined as ($" BSNL on 2*.4=.344+. &rior to
Doining as ($" he was working as Sr. ""8 (Switching) in BSNL (orporate @##ice
D+&/*%'&?C'==/&*+-7 & M-&./%+$0@- V-*-$%
&resently Shri E.!. 8upta "irector (@perations) BSNL is looking a#ter the charge o#
"irector ((ommercial - $arketing)
D+&/*%'& ?HRD@ - S6&+ N+&-$2-$ S+$06#
Shri NiranDan Singh Doined the Indian /elecommunication Ser)ice o#
8o)ernment o# India in the year 2=52. He is B.Sc. (?lectrical ?ngineering) #rom 0ligarh
$uslim ;ni)ersity with speciali>ation in communications. &rior to Doining "epartment o#
/elecommunications he worked with ;.&. State ?lectricity Board #or two years. 6hile
ser)ing he did $B0 degree in 9inancial $anagement.
"uring more than 17 years o# ser)ice in "epartment o# /elecommunications and
$ahanagar /elephone Nigam Limited in )arious capacities he acquired wide e.perience
#or operations maintenance and de)elopment o# network personnel #inancial
commercial and marketing proDect implementation regulatory a##airs signing and
implementation o# )arious agreements with other parties. He was acti)ely in)ol)ed in

33

legal a##airs o# $/NL in )arious #ields public relations and coordination with other
utility agencies.
Shri Singh was deputed to Fingdom o# Saudi 0rabia as Senior ?ngineer%cum%Auality
Sur)eyor #or /elecom @perations and maintenance proDects o# ?astern &ro)ince and also
as &roDect "irector o# Saudi /elecom e.ternal plant e.pansion turnkey proDect in the
capital city o# !iyadh during 2=,7%=4. Shri Singh has )isited countries like ;S0 ;F
8ermany Sweden Bahrain Singapore $alaysia and Hong Fong to get e.posure o#
management o# telecom systems at international le)el.
Be#ore Doining as "irector (H!") $r. Singh held the charge o# (hie# 8eneral $anager
(South) and &rincipal (hie# 8eneral $anager (@perations) in $/NL "elhi.
Shri Singh Doined as "irector (H!") on 2st $ay 3447. He is responsible #or #ormulating
and implementing policies pertaining to ?stablishment personnel industrial relations
training restructuring and other H! related a##airs.

34

R"ANICATIONAL CHART OF BSNL

35


36

HRD
Human Resources Development
6ith a corporate philosophy that considers Human !esource as the most pri>ed assets o#
the organi>ation it's natural #or BSNL to continually hone employee skills enhance their
knowledge and their e.pertise and their aspirations to #ruition. ?)en as BSNL goes about
conducting its business acti)ities it lays emphasis on constant enhancement o#
knowledge and skills through regular training programmes.
R Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited has a )ast reser)oir o# highly skilled and e.perienced
work #orce o# about 175444 personnel.
R 6e belie)e that our sta## which is one o# the best trained manpower in the telecom
sector is our biggest asset.
R 6e belie)e that our #uture depends on our sta## who pro)ide ser)ices to our )alued
customers and stay in touch with them.
R /o meet the technological challenges employees are trained #or technology up%
gradation moderni>ation computeri>ation etc in BSNL's training (enters spread across

37

(ountry. /hese centers are properly equipped with the requisite in#rastructure #acilities
such as Lecture rooms modern audio%)isual aids libraries hostels etc.
R /o ape. training centers o# BSNL i.e. 0d)ance le)el /elecom /raining (enter
(0L//() at 8ha>iabad and Bharat !atna Bhimrao /elecom /raining (enter at Eabalpur
are comparable to any world class /elecom /raining (enter. $oreo)er +1 >onal training
centers and a National 0cademy o# /elecom 9inance and $anagement ha)e been
running #or se)eral years now.
R "i##erent curriculum run in these centers to impart technology based training training
#or 0ttitudinal change basic educational and skill de)elopment program etc.
1..1 !r"ani#ation
"esignation Name
&hone
9a. No ?mail (@##ice)
($" F;L"??& 8@:0L31153+3+ 31153+++ cmdbsnlSbsnl.co.in
"irector(?nterprise
)
!0E?N"!0
SIN8H
3151+4*+ 3151+2** dir.enterpriseSbsnl.co.in
"irector(9inance) 8@&0L "0S 3152+2+2 3112+2+2 dir#inSbsnl.co.in
"irector(Human
!esource)
8@&0L "0S 3151+454 3151+453 dirhrdSbsnl.co.in
"irector((onsumer
9i.ed 0ccess)
!aDesh 6adhwa 314152+3
3151,===
3151+3+3 diroSbsnl.co.in
"irector((onsumer
$obility)
!.F.0ggarwal 3151+451 3151+457 dirplgSbsnl.co.in
(ompany Secretary
- 8$(Legal)
H.(.&0N/ 311711=7 311711,= csgmlSbsnl.co.in

3

1..$ %&'((
"istribution o# 8roup%wise sta## strength o# BSNL (numbers) as on 12st $arch 344= is
indicated belowB
1.) (I*'*+,

3,

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited the largest &ublic Sector ;ndertaking o# the Nation is
certainly on a #inancial ground that's sound.
/he (ompany has a net worth o# !s. ,,23, crores (;S< 33.43 billion) authorised equity
capital o# !s. 24444 crores (;S < 3.74 billion) &aid up ?quity Share (apital o# !s.
7444 crores (;S < 2.37 billion) and !e)enues is !s. 1,471 crores (;S < =.72 billion) in
3445%4,.
(NoteB 2 ;S < T +4.43 IN! as on 12%41%344,)
1.).1 R,-,*.,
Revenue .%/ 0.12 3illion 4$5526
1.).$ +'7I&'8 I*-,%&9,*&
:ross Investment in (i;ed 'ssets
/he BSNL is making substancial in)estment year to year #or its network e.pension and
mordenisation. "uring the current #inancial year BSNL has made the gross in)estment o#
!s. 52,4 crore ( ;S < 2.5= billion) in 9i.ed 0ssets. /hese in)estments ha)e been
#inanced by the internal accruals.

44

1.).+'7I&'8 !.&8'Y
BSNL has 8ross 9i.ed 0ssets o# o)er !s. 23+75, (rores (;S < 12.21 billion) as on
12.41.344,.
1.< '%%,%&%
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited has got net #i.ed assets )aluing more than !s. 7+*=,
(rores (;S < 21.*5 billion) which are in the #orm o# Land Buildings (ables 0pparatus
- &lants etc. as on 12.41.344,.

41

1.1 :rowth 7lan
/he telephone connection shall be pro)ided on demand and it shall be sustained.
/he Network shall be made #ully digital. 0ll the technologically obsolete analog
e.changes will be replaced with digital e.changes.
/o pro)ide digital transmission links up to all S"(0s.
"igital connecti)ity shall be made a)ailable to all the e.changes by 3445.
?.tensi)e use o# @ptical #iber System in the local Eunction and long distance
network so as to make a)ailable su##icient bandwidth #or the spread o# Internet
and In#ormation technology.
IS"N ser)ices shall be e.tended to all the district headquarters subDect to
demand.
/o pro)ide Intelligent Network Ser)ices progressi)ely all o)er the country
(maDor cities ha)e already been co)ered).
/o set up Internet Nodes progressi)ely up to "istrict headquarters le)el.
;pgrading e.isting S/"GIS" &(@s to #ull #ledged &ublic /ele%In#o (enters
(&/I() #or supporting $ulti media capability and Internet 0ccess.
!eplacement o# li#e e.pired analogue coa.ial and radio systems.
Introduction o# 6ireless technology (Supporting Internet 0ccess) and optical
#iber technology in subscriber loop.
Introduction o# latest telecom ser)ices like National directory enquiry
computeri>ation etc.
(ellular $obile Ser)ice '(ell @ne' o# BSNL was launched on 2=th @ctober 3443 .
/he scheme will co)er + million customers in two phases. &hase%I will co)er

42

about 2.7 million customers co)ering about 2444 cities during 3443%41 which
will be e.panded to + million in phase%II.
1.2 %ocial +ommitment
BSNL is committed to pro)ide quality /elecom Ser)ices at a##ordable price to the
citi>ens o# the remotest part o# the (ountry. BSNL is making all e##ort to ensure that the
main obDecti)es o# the new /elecom &olicy 2=== (salient points indicated below) are
achie)edB
0ccess to telecommunications is o# utmost importance #or achie)ement o# the country's
social and economic goals. 0)ailability o# a##ordable and e##ecti)e communications #or
the citi>ens is at the core o# the )ision and goal o# the new /elecom policy 2===.
Stri)e to pro)ide a balance between the pro)ision o# uni)ersal ser)ice to all unco)ered
areas including the rural areas and the pro)ision o# high%le)el ser)ices capable o#
meeting the needs o# the country's economyL

43

?ncourage de)elopment o# telecommunication #acilities in remote hilly and tribal areas
o# the countryL
/rans#orm in a time bound manner the telecommunications sector to a greater
competiti)e en)ironment in both urban and rural areas pro)iding equal opportunities and
le)el playing #ield #or all playersL

44

PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

45

PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
BSNL is the largest telecom operator in India and is known to e)erybody #or Basic
/elephony Ser)ices #or o)er 244 years. &resently the &lain old (ountrywide
telephone ser)ice is being pro)ided through 13444 electronic e.changes 13* "igital
/runk 0utomatic ?.changes(/0O) "igitali>ed &ublic Switched /elephone Network
(&S/N) all interlinked by o)er 3.+ lakh km o# @ptical 9iber (able with a host o#
&hone &lus )alue additions to our )alued (ustomers. BSNL's telephony network
e.pands throughout the )ast e.panses o# the country reaching to the remotest part o#
the country.

46

$.1.1 (877
(877 4(i;ed 8ine 7re=7aid &elephone6
9L&& (9i.ed Line &re%&aid)Ser)ice enables a subscriber to make calls #rom a prepaid
account linked to his telephone number. ;nlike the prepaid card 'I/(' ser)ice where
the authentication is done e)ery time through a 2*%digit &IN the authentication o#
9L&& is linked to his telephone line - the user is not required to dial the 0ccount
numberG &IN #or authentication making it simpler to use.
9i.ed Line &repaid ser)ice o##ersB
(on)ersion o# #i.ed line to &re &aid and get rid o# telephone bills.
?asy de%linking #rom telephone line when prepaid is not required on any
number
No need to dial 0ccount numberG &IN e)ery time you make a call.
S/"GIS" 9acility
@n Line balance enquiry
'9ollow on #eature' on no reply busy and called party release to dial
another number #or subscribers other than &(@.
?asy recharge and no problem o# bills

47

9ree Le)el 2 ser)ice like 244 242 243 etc. a)ailable.
9ree Le)el 2 IN ser)ices which are #ree to end%customers like 9ree &hone
etc. are a)ailable.
/here can be #our types o# 9L&& accounts namely
&(@ 9L&& 0ccount
&(@ Local 9L&& 0ccount
8eneral 9L&& &repaid 0ccount and
8eneral 9L&& &repaid Q &ost paid 0ccount.

4

$.$ B%*8 9!BI8,
+ellular %ervice !verview
India's #astest growing cellular ser)ice along with postpaid and prepaid ser)ices brings
cellular telephony to the masses through inno)ati)e technology and strategic pricing.
/his ambitious ser)ice uses state%o#%the%art 8S$ technology to attain global e.cellence
and leadership in business. @ur entry into this sector has brought 8S$ cellular ser)ice at

4,

an a##ordable cost to the common man. 0ll ser)ing a single obDecti)e to pro)ide better
communication to millions across India.
(ustomers ha)e reposed tremendous #aith in BSNL and it has enrolled o)er 14 Lakh
(ellular customers within ten months o# launch o# (ellular ser)ice an unprecedented
mark in Indian (ellular $arket.
6hy should you choose BSNL $obileM
9or the #irst time in the country all maDor towns and cities are co)ered through
our network
0ll maDor national and state highways are co)ered
National and International S$S #acility
International roaming a)ailable #or more than 144 networks across the world. See
listUU
/he #acility o# one number roaming across the country
0ppropriate and reasonable tari## packages to suit e)ery pocket
0bsolute transparency in billing.
0ll regular #eatures o# cellular telephony such as S$S as well as ad)anced
#eatures like $$S are a)ailable.
3+ Hour helpline all across the country.
/he only $obile ser)ice a)ailable through out the country including Eammu and
Fashmir and North ?astern states like 0runachal &radesh Nagaland $i>oram
etc.

54

BSNL Ser)ice &lusB
(ell@ne pro)ides a number o# Calue 0dded Ser)ices. /hese ser)ices helps BSNL ser)e
you better - enhance the ease - quality o# communication thus bringing global
connecti)ity at your doorstep.
Coice $ail Ser)ice
Calue 0dded Ser)ices SI$ Based ser)ice S$S based Ser)ices
Short $essage Ser)ice (S$S)
8roup $essaging
National - International roaming
(all #orwarding
(orporate Cirtual &ri)ate Network
(all con#erencing
9riend and 9amily /alk
(all waiting and (all holding #acility
;ni#ied $essaging Ser)icesB /his pro)ides Coice mail 90O e%mail te.t to
)oice

51

ser)ices on your mobile phone. So stay in touch with your nears and dears
by means you like the most.
6ireless 0pplication &rotocol (60&)B Sur# 60& enabled websites on
Internet using this ser)ice.
$. I*&,R*,&
BSNL is India's no. 2 Internet ser)ice pro)ider with more than 25 lakh subscribers
pro)iding Internet ser)ice throughout the entire country (e.cept in New "elhi and
$umbai) under the brand name o# VSancharnetV. Sancharnet pro)ides #ree all India
roaming and enables it's users to access their accounts using the same access code
(253311) and user I" #rom any where in the (ountry. In order to make Internet
a)ailable through out the length and breadth o# the (ountry Internet "habas are
being commissioned at all the Block Headquarters. BSNL has also started "I0S and
0ccount #ree internet access ((LI based) #acility on #ew select cities recently.
BSNL has launched VS0N(H0!N?/ (0!"V recently. /he Sancharnet (ardV is a
prepaid Internet 0ccess (ard with #ollowing #eatures #or customersB
Sel#%register #or internet access with your choice o# userid
!enew your e.isting Sancharnet 0ccount
6ide !ange o# Internet 0ccess &ackages

52

6eb%Hosting Ser)ice is also pro)ided by the BSNL. It allows customers to host their
static or dynamic web%sites on BSNL ser)ers. 6eb hosting ser)ice pro)ides basic
#eatures like 6eb%space ("ata Storage) on ser)ers #or hosting H/$L pages with
browser supported $I$? types &rimary or Secondary "omain Name Hosting
Ser)er Side ScriptingB &erl Ea)a Ser)lets ES& "atabase 0ccess( $ySAL) ?mail
0ccess and 6eb%email $ultiple ?mail I"s as per the plan 9tp access #or uploading
and downloading pages as per the plan (ontinuous usage billing #or 6eb $essaging
and 9/& etc.
S$S and B;LF S$S Ser)ices It allows you to send S$S using Sancharnet ?mail
ser)ice. Sending S$S using Sancharnet account is )ery easy and cost e##ecti)e. /here
is no need o# a mobile phone to send S$S. $oreo)er it is easy to type a message on
computer keyboard.
$.) BR!'DB'*D %,R-I+,
BSNL is in the process o# commissioning o# a world class multi%gigabit multi%protocol
con)ergent I& in#rastructure through National Internet Backbone%II (NIB%II) that will
pro)ide con)ergent ser)ices through the same backbone and broadband access network.
/he Broadband ser)ice will be a)ailable on "SL technology (on the same copper cable
that is used #or connecting telephone) on a countrywide basis spanning 2=, cities.

53

In terms o# in#rastructure #or broadband ser)ices NIB%II would put India at par with more
ad)anced nations. /he ser)ices that would be supported includes always%on broadband
access to the Internet #or residential and business customers (ontent based ser)ices
Cideo multicasting Cideo%on%demand and Interacti)e gaming 0udio and Cideo
con#erencing I& /elephony "istance learning $essagingB plain and #eature rich $ulti%
site $&LS C&Ns with Auality o# Ser)ice (AoS) guarantees. /he subscribe will be able to
access the abo)e ser)ices through Subscriber Ser)ice Selection System (SSSS) portal.
Fey @bDecti)es
/o pro)ide high speed Internet connecti)ity (upto , $bps)
/o pro)ide Cirtual &ri)ate Network (C&N) ser)ice to the broadband customers
/o pro)ide dial C&N ser)ice to $&LS C&N customers.
/o pro)ide multicast )ideo ser)ices )ideo%on%demand etc. through the
Broadband !emote 0ccess Ser)er (B!0S).
/o pro)ide a means to bill #or the a#oresaid ser)ices by either time%based or
)olume%based billing. It shall pro)ide the customer with the option to select the
ser)ices through web ser)er
/o pro)ide both pre%paid and post paid broadband ser)ices
/echnical (apability o# the Backbone
/he Broadband Ser)ice will be gi)en through the state o# the art $ulti &rotocol Label
Switching ($&LS) based I& In#rastructure which is designed to pro)ide reliable

54

routes to co)er all possible destinations within and outside the country. Layer 2 o# the
network will consist o# a high speed Backbone comprising o# 3+ power#ul (ore
!outers connected with high speed 3.7 8bps(S/$%2*) links. /he routers are located
on the national "6"$ network inter#acing at S/$%2* optical le)el to pro)ide #or
high transmission speeds.
6hat ad)antage does $&LS ha)e o)er other /echnologiesM
$&LS C&N is a technology that allows a ser)ice pro)ider like BSNL to ha)e
complete control o)er parameters that are critical to o##ering its customers ser)ice
guarantees with regard to bandwidth throughputs latencies and a)ailability.
Ser)ices a)ailable through Broadband
High speed Internet 0ccessB /his is the always%on Internet access ser)ice with
speed ranging #rom 37* kbps to , $bps.
$ulticastingB /his is to pro)ide )ideo multicast ser)ices #or application in
distance education telemedicine etc
"ial C&N Ser)iceB /his ser)ice allows remote users to access their pri)ate
network securely o)er the NIB%II in#rastructure.
Cideo and 0udio (on#erencingB
(ontent based Ser)icesB Like Cideo on "emand Interacti)e 8aming Li)e and
time shi#ted /C

55

$.< R'B9*
!emote 0rea Business $essage Network pro)ides instant data communication
between computers and data terminals. /his is a satellite based network that pro)ides
communication to any remote part o# India.
N/%9'&.
/he network consists o# the $aster ?arth Station along with the &acket Switch
located at Sikandarabad (;.&) and customer terminals known as micro earth stations
or CS0/s (Cery Small 0perture /erminals) located at customer premises. CS0/s are
linked to the $aster ?arth Station through the Satellite. (ustomers can connect their
data terminals to the CS0/s and transmit data. System (oncept is shown in the
diagram belowB
-%'& Details
CS0/s are supplied by $Gs India S0/(@$ Ltd. Bangalore.
(ost o# a CS0/ is about 1.7 Lakhs.
CS0/s are readily a)ailable.
?ach CS0/ pro)ides 3 ports #or connecting data terminals.

56

S/&3+*/5 '$ RABMN
Interacti)e data communication at speed up to =*44 Bps
0ccess to &acket Switched public "ata Network(Inet)
0ccess to International "ata Networks through 8ateway &acket
Switch(8&SS) o# CSNL
0ccess to National GInternational /ele. Networks
&S/N dial%out #acility through Inet
0ccess to Internet
0ccess to HC N?/
&echnolo"y
Satellite based &acket Switched "ata Ser)ice using Spread Spectrum /echnology
;se o# )ery small earth station terminals at customer premises
&ro)ides inter#erence #ree ser)ice and security in data transmission
/erminals a)ailable with 0synchronousG O.37 &rotocol.
'pplications :
9or business industries in remote locations
Banking Network
!eser)ation System #or 0irlinesG!ailwaysGHotels
Stock ?.change In#ormation
!emote $onitoring - (ontrol
"isaster relie# operation

57

Benefits :
Instant communication to any part o# IndiaG6orld
/erminals can be located anywhere including hilly regions and islands
9aster installation
!eal time applications
?rror #ree accurate and reliable transmission.
?limination o# last mile problem o# cable pair and o)erhead lines
$.1 B%*8 introduces =: mo3ile services
/ari## #or 18 mobile ser)ice
Initial SI$ (harges #or both postpaid and prepaid ser)iceB
Sl. &articulars /ari##
0 SI$
2 $!& o# 18 ;SI$ (Incl. o# S. / in !s.) 7=
3 Ser)ice /a. S 24.14N in !s. 7.72
1 SI$ &rice in !s. 71.+=
+ /alk Calue with SI$ in !s. 4

5

7 Calidity in days 4
B 0cti)ation &ostpaid &repaid
2 $!& o# 0cti)ation Cr. in !s. (Incl. o# S./) % 234
3 Ser)ice /a. S24.14N in !s. 22.32
1 9$(G0cti)ation Coucher &rice in !s.(?.cl o# S/)W 337 24,.5=
* /alk Calue in !s. 237 274
5 Calidity in days % 14
, Coice S$S charges other terms and conditions
0s per plan
337
&repaid
8eneral
( $igration (harges #rom 38 to 18 and )ice )ersa in
!s.
Nil Nil

5,

. *,&>!R?
.1 &,8,7H!*,
Basic /elephone (B#one)
/otal Number o# connections as on 14.4=.4, 142333*=
6LL (/arang)
/otal Number o# connections as on 14.4=.4, +*=**+2
Cillage &ublic /elephones
/otal Number o# /elephones as on 12.45.4= 77+=3,
&ublic /elephones (Local S/" and Highway)
/otal Number o# &ublic /elephones as on 14.4=.4, 2=122,3
S/" Stations
Number o# S/" Stations as on 14.4=.4, 1134*
/ransmission Systems as on 14.4=.4,
/ransmission Systems
"igital
(!oute kms) (!oute kms)
(oa.ial *43+
$icrowa)e 74+14
;H9 +7214
@ptical 9iber 7*44,*
Satellite Based Ser)ices (as on 14.4=.4,)
$(&(%CS0/s ,3

64

I"! Systems (3 $bG , $b) ==G1,
.$ 9o3ile %ervices
(0s on 14.4*.344=)
/otal number o# 38 connections %
+=4,,72+
/otal number o# 18 connections %
24 5+7
"istrict Headquarters co)ered % *2,(0ll co)ered)
/otal number o# )illages co)ered % 132=5
/otal number o# /ownGcities co)ered % 32=71
National Highway co)ered (Fm) % 7*143(out o# *472=)
State Highway co)ered (Fm) % 55**7(out o# 23+455)
!ailway route co)ered (Fm) % +155=(out o# 7+512)
. +ustomer +are

61

Se)eral Steps ha)e been taken at BSNL to augment the quality o# customer care to
international standards
0ccess round the clock help at #ollowing toll #ree numbers
"ataone Broadband '2*44%+3+%2*44'
&S/N (all (enter '2744' (in select states)
Sancharnet Help "esk '2=75'
(ell@ne all India Help '=+4443+1*7'
0ll BSNL (ustomer Ser)ice (enters ((S(s) now remain open on all se)en days #rom
,.44 0$ to ,.44 &$ without any break #or all acti)ities.
). B%*8 8I*?%
).1 B%*8 .*I&%

62

/elecom (ircles $etro "istricts
0ndaman - Nicobar /elecom (ircle (alcutta
0ndhra &radesh /elecom (ircle (hennai
0ssam /elecom (ircle
&roDect (ircles
Bihar /elecom (ircle ?astern /elecom &roDect (ircle
(hhattisgarh /elecom (ircle 6estern /elecom &roDect (ircle
8uDarat /elecom (ircle Northern /elecom &roDect (ircle
Haryana /elecom (ircle Southern /elecom &roDect (ircle
Himachal &radesh /elecom (ircle I/ &roDect (ircle &une
Eammu - Fashmir /elecom (ircle
$aintenance !egions
Eharkhand /elecom (ircle ?astern /elecom $aintenance !egion
Farnataka /elecom (ircle 6estern /elecom $aintenance !egion
Ferala /elecom (ircle Northern /elecom $aintenance !egion
$adhya &radesh /elecom (ircle Southern /elecom $aintenance !egion
$aharashtra /elecom (ircle Speciali>ed /elecom ;nits
North ?ast%I /elecom (ircle "ata Networks
North ?ast%II /elecom (ircle National (entre 9or ?lectronic Switching
@rissa /elecom (ircle /echnical - "e)elopment (ircle
&unDab /elecom (ircle Auality 0ssurance
!aDasthan /elecom (ircle
&roduction ;nits
/amil Nadu /elecom (ircle /elecom 9actory $umbai
;&(?) /elecom (ircle /elecom 9actory Eabalpur
;& (6) /elecom (ircle /elecom 9actory !ichhai
;ttaranchal /elecom (ircle /elecom 9actory Folkata
6est Bengal /elecom (ircle
@ther ;nits
/raining Institutions /elecom Stores
0d)anced Le)el /elecom /raining (entre North ?ast /ask 9orce
Bharat !atna Bhim !ao 0mbedkar
Institute @# /elecom /raining
/elecom ?lectrical 6ing
National 0cademy o# /elecom 9inance and
$anagement
/elecom (i)il 6ing

63

!egional /elecom /raining (entres
(ircle /elecom /raining (entres
"istrict /elecom /raining (entres
<. 'D9I*I%&R'&I-, .*I&%
BSNL is di)ided into a number o# administrati)e units termed as telecom circles metro
districts proDect circles and speciali>ed units as mentioned belowB
/elecom (ircles $etro "istricts 0ndaman - Nicobar /elecom (ircle (alcutta 0ndhra
&radesh /elecom (ircle (hennai 0ssam /elecom (ircle
&roDect (ircles Bihar /elecom (ircle ?astern /elecom &roDect (ircle (hhattisgarh
/elecom (ircle 6estern /elecom &roDect (ircle 8uDarat /elecom (ircle Northern
/elecom &roDect (ircle Haryana /elecom (ircle Southern /elecom &roDect (ircle
Himachal &radesh /elecom (ircle I/ &roDect (ircle &une Eammu - Fashmir /elecom
(ircle
$aintenance !egions Eharkhand /elecom (ircle ?astern /elecom $aintenance !egion
Farnataka /elecom (ircle 6estern /elecom $aintenance !egion Ferala /elecom (ircle
Northern /elecom $aintenance !egion $adhya &radesh /elecom (ircle Southern
/elecom $aintenance !egion $aharashtra /elecom (ircle Speciali>ed /elecom ;nits
North ?ast%I /elecom (ircle "ata Networks North ?ast%II /elecom (ircle National
(entre 9or ?lectronic Switching @rissa /elecom (ircle /echnical - "e)elopment (ircle
&unDab /elecom (ircle Auality 0ssurance !aDasthan /elecom (ircle

64

&roduction ;nits /amil Nadu /elecom (ircle /elecom 9actory $umbai ;&(?) /elecom
(ircle /elecom 9actory Eabalpur ;& (6) /elecom (ircle /elecom 9actory !ichhai
;ttaranchal /elecom (ircle /elecom 9actory Folkata 6est Bengal /elecom (ircle
@ther ;nits /raining Institutions /elecom Stores 0d)anced Le)el /elecom /raining
(entre North ?ast /ask 9orce Bharat !atna Bhim !ao 0mbedkar Institute @# /elecom
/raining /elecom ?lectrical 6ing National 0cademy o# /elecom 9inance and
$anagement /elecom (i)il 6ing !egional /elecom /raining (entres (ircle /elecom
/raining (entres "istrict /elecom /raining (enters.
1. 7R,%,*& '*D (.&.R,
BSNL (then known as "epartment o# /elecom) had been a near monopoly during the
socialist period o# the Indian economy. "uring this period BSNL was the only telecom
ser)ice pro)ider in the country ($/NL was present only in $umbai and New "elhi).
"uring this period BSNL operated as a typical state%run organi>ation ine##icient slow
bureaucratic and hea)ily uinionised. 0s a result subscribers had to wait #or as long as
#i)e years to get a telephone connection./he corporation tasted competition #or the #irst
time a#ter the liberalisation o# Indian economy in 2==2. 9aced with sti## competition #rom
the pri)ate telecom ser)ice pro)iders BSNL has subsequently tried to increase
e##iciencies itsel#. "o/ )eterans howe)er put the onus #or the sorry state o# a##airs on the
8o)ernment policies where in all state%owned ser)ice pro)iders were required to
#unction as mediums #or achie)ing egalitarian growth across all segments o# the society.
/he corporation (then "o/) howe)er #ailed miserably to achie)e this and India
languished among the most poorly connected countries in the world. BSNL was born in

65

3444 a#ter the corporatisation o# "o/. /he e##iciency o# the company has since impro)ed.
Howe)er the per#ormance le)el is nowhere near the pri)ate players. /he corporation
remains hea)ily unionised and is comparati)ely slow in decision making and
implementation. /hough it o##ers ser)ices at lowest tari##s the pri)ate players continue to
notch up better numbers in all areas years a#ter year. BSNL has been pro)iding
connections in both urban and rural areas. &re%acti)ated $obile connections are a)ailable
at many places across India. BSNL has also un)eiled cost%e##ecti)e broadband internet
access plans ("ata@ne) targeted at homes and small businesses. 0t present BSNL enDoy's
around *4N o# market share o# IS& ser)ices.
Year of 3road3and
3445 has been declared as V:ear o# BroadbandV in India and BSNL is in the process o#
pro)iding 7 million Broadband connecti)ity by the end o# 3445. BSNL has upgraded
e.isting "ataone (Broadband) connections #or a speed o# up to 3 $bitGs without any e.tra
cost. /his 3 $bitGs broadband ser)ice is being pro)ided by BSNL at a cost o# Dust ;S<
22.5 per month (as o# 32G45G344, and at a limit o# 3.78B monthly limit with 4344%4,44
hrs as no charge period). 9urther BSNL is rolling out new broadband ser)ices such as
triple play.
BSNL is planning to increase its customer base to 24, million customers by 3424. 6ith
the #rantic acti)ity in the communication sector in India the target appears achie)able.
BSNL is a pioneer o# rural telephony in India. BSNL has recently bagged ,4N o# ;S<
7,4 m (IN! 3744 crores) !ural /elephony proDect o# 8o)ernment o# India.

66

@n the 34th o# $arch 344= BSNL ad)ertised the launch o# BlackBerry ser)ices across
its /elecom circles in India. /he corporation has also launched 18 ser)ices in select cities
across the country. &resently BSNL and $/NL are the only players to pro)ide 18
ser)ices as the 8o)ernment is still in the process o# auctioning the 18 spectrum to
pri)ate players.
BSNL has also launched a ?ntertainment &ortal called BSNL Hungama &ortal #rom
where subscribers could download contents like music music )ideos #or #ree. @nly
/amilFannada/elugu - Hindi are pro)ided at present. Hopes are there that the database
could be e.panded. BSNL charges a #i.ed monthly subscripton #ee #or this #unction.
2. +H'88,*:,%
"uring the #inancial year 344*%3445 (#rom 0pril 2 344* to $arch 12 3445) BSNL has
added =.* million new customers in )arious telephone ser)ices taking its customer base to
*+., million. BSNL's nearest competitor Bharti 0irtel is standing at a customer base o#
1= million. Howe)er despite impressi)e growth shown by BSNL in recent times the
9i.ed line customer base o# BSNL is declining. In order to woo back its #i.ed%line
customers BSNL has brought down long distance calling rate under @neIndia plan
howe)er the success o# the scheme is not known. Howe)er BSNL #aces bleak #iscal
344*%3445 as users #lee which has been accepted by the ($" BSNL.
&resently there is an intense competition in Indian /elecom sector and )arious /elcos are
rolling out attracti)e schemes and are pro)iding good customer ser)ices.

67

0ccess "e#icit (harges (0"( a le)y being paid by the pri)ate operators to BSNL #or
pro)ide ser)ice in non%lucrati)e areas especially rural areas) has been slashed by 15N by
/!0I w.e.#. 0pril 2 3445. /he reduction in 0"( may hit the bottomlines o# BSNL.
BSNL launched 18 ser)ices in 22 cities o# country in 3nd march 344=.$/NL which
operates in $umbai and "elhi #irst launched 18 ser)ices in these cities.

6

PART-II

6,

INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC

74

INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC
I$%&'()*%+'$
9inancial statements are prepared primarily #or decision making. /hey play a
dominant role in setting the #ramework o# managerial decisions. But the in#ormation
pro)ided in the #inancial statement is not an end in itsel# as no managerial can be drawn
#rom these statement alone. Howe)er the in#ormation pro)ided in the #inancial statement
is o# immense use in making decision through analysis and interpretation o# #inancial
statements. 9inancial analysis is Jthe process o# identi#ying the #inancial strengths and
weaknesses o# the #irm by properly establishing relationship between the item o# the
balance sheet and the pro#it and loss accountK. /here are )arious methods used in
analy>ing #inancial statements such as comparati)e statements trend analysis common%
si>e statement schedule o# change in working capital #unds #low and cash #low analysis
cost%)olume%pro#it analysis and ratio analysis.
/he term #inancial analysisK also know as analysis and interpretation o# #inancial
statement re#ers to the process o# determining #inancial strengths and weaknesses o# the
#irm o# the #irm by establishing strategic relationship between the item the balance sheet
pro#it and loss account and other operati)e data.
H9inancial analysis is a process o# e)aluating the relationship
between component parts o# a #inancial statement to obtain a better
understanding o# a #irmKs position and per#ormancesI
0ccording to Matclf and Titard
H9inancial statement analysis is largely a study o# relationship
among the )arious #inancial #actors in a business as disclosed by
single set%o# statements and a study o# the trend o# these #actors as
shown in a series o# statementI.
0ccording to Myers
/he term J#inancial statement analysisK include both JanalysisK and JinterpretationK. /he
analysis and interpretation o# #inancial analysis statements is essential to bring out the
mystery behind the #igure in #inancial statements. 9inancial statement is an attempt to
determine the signi#icance and meaning o# the #inancial statement data so the #orecast
may be made o# the #uture earning ability to pay interest and maturities and pro#itability
o# a sound di)idend policy.

71

T<8/5 '> F+$-$*+-7 A$-7<5+5
I can classi#y )arious types o# #inancial analysis into di##erent categories
depending upon (i) the material used and (ii) the method o# operation #ollowed in the
analysis or the modus operandi o# analysis.
?+@ O$ %6/ 1-5+5 '> =-%/&+-7 )5/(: 0ccording to material used #inancial
analysis can be o# two types (a) e.ternal analysis and (b) internal analysis.
-# EB%/&$-7 A$-7<5+5: /his analysis is done by outsiders who do not ha)e
access to the detailed internal accounting records o# the business #irm.
/hese outsiders include in)estors potential in)estors creditors potential
creditors go)ernment agencies credit agencies and the general public. 9or
#inancial analysis this e.ternal party to the #irm depends almost entirely
on the published #inancial statement. ?.ternal analysis thus ser)es only a
limited purpose. Howe)er the changes in the go)ernment regulations
requiring business #irm makes a)ailable more detailed in#ormation to the
public through audited accounts ha)e considerably impro)ed the position
o# the e.ternal analysis.

1# I$%/&$-7 A$-7<5+5: /he analysis conducted by persons who ha)e access to
the internal accounting records o# a business #irm is known as internal
analysis. Such an analysis can there#ore be per#ormed by e.ecuti)e and
employees o# the organi>ation as well as go)ernment agencies which ha)e

72

statutory powers )ested in them. 9inancial analysis #or managerial purpose
is the internal type o# analysis that can be e##ected depending upon the
purpose to be achie)ed.
?++@ O$ %6/ 1-5+5 '> ='()5 '8/&-$(+: 0ccording to the method o#
operation #ollowed in the analysis #inancial can also be o# two typesB (a)
hori>ontal analysis (b) )ertical analysis.
-# H'&+D'$%-7 A$-7<5+5: Hori>ontal analysis re#ers to the comparison o#
#inancial data o# a company #or se)eral years. /hus #igure #or this type o#
analysis are presented hori>ontally o)er a number o# columns. /he #igures
o# the )arious years are compared with standard or base years. 0 base year
chosen as beginning point. /his type o# analysis is also called J"ynamic
0nalysisK as it is based on the data #rom year to year rather than on data o#
any one year. /he hori>ontal analysis makes it possible to #ocus attention
on items that ha)e changed signi#icantly during the period under re)iew.
(omparison o# an item o)er se)eral periods with a base year may show a
trend de)eloping. (omparati)e statement and trend percentages are two
tools employed in hori>ontal analysis.
1# V/&%+*-7 A$-7<5+5: Certical analysis re#ers to the study o# relationship o#
the )arious items in the #inancial statements o# one accounting period. In
this types o# analysis the #igure #rom #inancial statement o# a year are
compared with a base selected #rom the same yearKs statement. It is also
knows as JStatic 0nalysisK. (ommon%si>e #inancial analysis statement and
#inancial ratio are the tools employed in )ertical analysis. Since )ertical
analysis considers data #or one time period only it is not conduci)e to a
proper analysis o# #inancial statements. Howe)er it may be used along
with hori>ontal analysis to make it more e##ecti)e and meaning#ul.

73

P&'*/()&/ '> F+$-$*+-7 S%-%/=/$%5
/here are three steps in)ol)ed in the analysis o# #inancial statements. /hese areB
(i) selection (ii) classi#ication (iii) interpretation the #irst step in)ol)es selection o#
in#ormation (data) rele)ant to the purpose o# analysis o# #inancial statements. /he second
step in)ol)ed is the methodical classi#ication o# the data and the third step include
drawing and conclusions.
/he #ollowing procedure is adopted #or the analysis and interpretation o# #inancial
statementsB
2. /he analysis should acquaint himsel# with the principal and postulates o#
accounting. He should know the plans and policies o# the management so that he
may be able to #ind out whether these plans properly e.ecuted or not.
3. /he e.tent o# analysis should be determined so that the sphere o# work may be
decided. I# the aim is to #ind out the earning capacity o# the enterprise than
analysis o# income statement will be undertaken. @n the other hand. I# #inancial
position is to be studied then balance sheet analysis will be necessary.
1. /he #inancial data gi)en in the statement should be re%organi>ed and re%arranged.
It will in)ol)e the grouping o# similar data under same heads breaking done o#
indi)iduals components o# statements according to nature. /he data is reduced to
a standard #orm.
+. 0 relationship is established among #inancial among #inancial statements with the
help tools and techniques o# analysis such as ratio trends common si>e #unds
#low etc.
7. /he in#ormation is interpreted in a simple and understandable way. /he
signi#icance and utility o# #inancial data is e.plained #or helping decision%talking.
*. /he conclusions drawn #rom interpretation are presented to the management in
the #orm i# reports.

74

M/%6'(5 '& D/3+*/5 '> F+$-$*+-7 A$-7<5+5
/he analysis and interpretation o# #inancial statements is used to determine the
#inancial position and result o# operation as well. 0 number o# methods or de)ices are
used to study the relationship between di##erent statements. 0n e##ort is made to use those
de)ices which clearly analysis position o# the enterprise.
/he #ollowing methods o# analysis are generally usedB
(omparati)e Statement
/rend analysis
(ommon Si>e Statement
(ash 9low 0nalysis
!atio analysis
C'=8-&-%+3/ S%-%/=/$%: (omparati)e balance sheet analysis is the study o# the
trend o# the same items group o# item and computed item in two or more balance sheets
o# the same business enterprise on di##erent data#
T&/$( -$-7<5+5: /his method determines the direction upwards and in)ol)es the
computation o# the percentage relationship that each statement item bears to the same
item in base year.
C'=='$ 5+D/ S%-%/=/$%: /he common si>e statements balance sheet statements are
shown in analytical percentages. /he #igures are shown as percentages o# total assets
total liabilities and total sales. /otal assets are taken as 244 and di##erent assets are
e.pressed as a percentage o# the total similarly )arious liabilities are taken as a part o#
total liabilities.
C-56 >7'9 S%-%/=/$%: (ash #low statement is a statement which describes the in#low
(sources) and out#low (uses) o# cash and cash equi)alent in an enterprise during a
speci#ied period o# time.

75

R-%+' A$-7<5+5: !atio is a simple arithmetical e.pression o# the relationship o# one
number to another. It may be de#ined as the indicated quotient o# two mathematical
e.pressions.

76

RESEARCH METHODOLO"Y

77

RESEARCH METHODOLO"Y
0ccording to this study in)estigation was conducted #or some de#inite purpose with the
help o# a structural - personal inter)iew to gather primary in#ormation as much as
possible than the most appropriate research design #or the study is descripti)e research
design.
/he study is an e)aluati)e - diagnostic attempt to disco)er empirically the nature o#
relationship between per#ormance appraisal and training and de)elopment within the
e.tensi)ely draw domain o# the problem o# the question.
9ollowing are the steps in the research design.
S-=87+$0 P7-$
Sampling #rameB the respondents are the employees o# the public
sector XBharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) Belgaum SS0.
Sampling unitB the sampling unit is an indi)idual employee o# all the
departments o# the organi>ation X Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd(BSNL)
Sample si>eB sample si>e taken #or this study is 244 employees
co)ering all the departments o# the organi>ation.

7

A&/- *'3/&/(
9or this sur)ey I ha)e co)ered all the departments o# the organi>ation % BSNL Belgaum.
9ollowing are the number and name o# departments.
Sl no "epartment No. o# employees
2 &lanning 34
3 0dministration 34
1 @perations 34
+ 0ccounts 34
7 H!" 34
/otal 244
M/%6'('7'0<:
0 list o# questions was prepared by me under the guidance o# my mentor.
9ollowing were the steps in my study.
2. AuestionnaireB a questionnaire was ser)ed to all the employees asking their
opinion about the e##ecti)es o# training and de)elopment programs at BSNL.
3. &ersonal inter)iewB a #ace%to%#ace talk is carried out with the employees where I
asked se)eral employees about their #eelings and opinions on )arious aspects o#
their Dobs and organi>ation.
1. (ompany data and reportsB certain reports #rom the H!" department pro)ided the
in#ormation as to the total no o# employees schedule o# training programs
number o# persons attending it and other such things which indicated the
employee per#ormance on the Dob a#ter attending these training programs.
D-%- *'77/*%+'$:
/o produce a reliable questionnaire both primary and secondary in#ormation was used.

7,

&rimary data is the #irst hand in#ormationL the questionnaire was prepared by me under
the guidance o# the mentor wherein I used likert #i)e%point scale and closed ended
questions #or measuring attitudes o# the employees #or my study.
/he questionnaire comprised 23 questions which co)ered all the aspects o# measuring
Hthe e##ecti)eness o# training and de)elopmentI.
PRIMARY DATA
0n instrument is used to collect the required in#ormation #rom the employees and also
interact the employees personally.
&rimary data helps us in making obser)ation o# employeeKs beha)iors talk gestures
which helped me in identi#ying any the attitude o# employees towards the training
program and the e##ecti)eness o# the training program in the organi>ation.
SECONDARY DATA
It was collected #rom the website o# the company and the compaby personnel certain
reports #rom the H! department. /he research also took the help o# the books and
Dournal.
Both primary and secondary data ser)ed the purpose in measuring the e##ecti)eness o#
training and de)elopment at BSNL. Both are equally essential #or any type o#sur)ey.
DATA ANALYSIS

4

Statistical toolB
(orrelation test
9requency test
Statistical package
S&SS so#tware
&rocedure #or 0nalysis
0dministering questionnaire to all the employees
0naly>e the rating o# employees using the statistical tool (spss so#tware)
(i) simple #requency test(mean - standard de)iation)
(ii) correlation
Interpretation o# analy>ed in#ormation

1

OBJECTIVES

2

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
2. /o #ind out the rele)ance o# training and de)elopment in achie)ing goals o# the
organi>ation.
3. /he basis on which the training is planned and scheduled.
1. /o study the di##erent methods o# training at BSNL
+. /o #ind out whether the training acti)ities is aligned with o)erall goals o# the
organi>ation
7. /o study the relationship between per#ormance and training

3

DATA ANALYSIS &
INTERPRETATION

4

DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION
1. SHARE CAPITAL
9igure 2
InterpretationB
/he chart o# share capital shows that it remain same in the all * years #rom 3447 to 3424
i.e. 2374444.

Year
Share
capital
2005 100
2006 100
2007 100
2008 100
2009 100
2010 100
5

2. RESERVES AND SURPLUSES
Year
Reserves
and
surpluses
2005 100
2006 113.23
2007 123.5
2008 125.46
2009 126.3
2010 122.72
INTERPRETATION:
/he abo)e chart shows that reser)es and surpluses o# the company is constantly
increasing #rom year 3447 up to year 344= e)en though there is a slight increase this
shows that company is trans#erring more and more pro#its in reser)es and surpluses year
by year. /his way company is in)esting more pro#its in the growth o# the company. But
in year 3424 there is a slight decrease in reser)es and surplus as compared to the pre)ious
year which indicates company is in)esting its amount somewhere else in other proDects.

6

3. UNSECURED LOAN
Year
Unsecure
d Lan
2005 100
2006 97.1
2007 73.9
2008 45.17
2009 45.51
2010 20.44
Interpretation:
/his chart shows that unsecured loans are decreasing year by year as comparati)e to the
base year 3447 which is good #or the business that company is reducing its risk as
unsecured loans are not collaterali>ed by a lien on speci#ic assets o# the borrower in case
o# liquidation o# the company or #ailure to meet the terms o# repayment.

7

4. DEFERREFD TA LIA!ILIT"
Year
de!erred
ta" lia#ilit$
2005 100
2006 55.97
2007 40.93
2008 43.05
2009 21.18
2010 4.06
Interpretation:
/his chart shows that de#erred ta. liabilities are continuously decreasing in all the #i)e
years as comparati)e to the base year 3447 which is a good sign #or a business as this is a
liability which may or may not be reali>ed during any gi)en year. /hus companyKs risk is
reducing e)ery year by year. But it has slightly increased in year 344, as comparati)e t
year 344* but i# we see it in comparison o# base year it shows a huge decrease. @)erall
de#erred ta. liability chart shows a impro)ing condition o# the company.

#. TOTAL CAPITAL E$PLO"ED
Year
%tal
&apital
e'pl$ed
2005 100
2006 106.78
2007 111.53
2008 110.45
2009 110.29
2010 104.86
INTERPRETATION:
/his chart shows that there is continues increase in the capital employed #rom year 3447
to year 344* which re#ers that company is employing more and more capital year by year
to run its business. But in year 344, it decreased and remains almost constant in ne.t year
also and there is a #urther decrease in capital employed in year 3424. 0s
(apital employed is the )alue o# the assets that contribute to a company's ability to
generate re)enue i.e. its liquidity. /hus it shows that companyKs position is going bit
down as comparati)e to the #irst three years.

,

6. INVESTMENTS
I$%/&8&/%-%+'$:
/he abo)e chart shows that the in)estments o# the company remain same in all the si.
years. /here is no change in the in)estments o# the company.

%. TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS& LOANS AND ADVANCES

,4
Year
(nvest'ent
s
2005 100
2006 100
2007 100
2008 100
2009 100
2010 100

Year
%tal current
assets) lans
and advances
2005 100
2006 128.74
2007 139.68
2008 150.88
2009 150.08
2010 142.86
I$%/&8&/%-%+'$:
/his chart shows that there is a continuous increase in the total current assets loans and
ad)ances as comparati)e to the base year 3447. (urrent asset is an indication to an
outside creditor whether the company has got the ability to meet its immediate payment
obligation or not. /hus increasing current asset indicates the corporate poor in)entory
management and inability to reco)er its dues.
'. TOTAL CURRENT LIA!ILITIES AND PROVISIONS

,1

Year
%tal current
lia#ilities and
prvisins
2005 100
2006 113.65
2007 99.21
2008 106.63
2009 116.65
2010 219.76
I$%/&8&/%-%+'$:
/his chart shows an increase in current liabilities and pro)isions #or all the years e.cept
year 3445 in 3445 there is a slight decrease i.e ==.32Nas comparati)e to the base year
3447. 0s pro)isions are increasing that means company is #acing losses which is not a
good sign #or a BSNL.
(. NET CURRENT ASSETS

,2

Year
*et current
assets
2005 100
2006 148.89
2007 193.72
2008 209.97
2009 194.71
2010 40.17
I$%/&8&/%-%+'$:
/his chart shows that there is a continuous increase in the net current assets e.cept year
3424 as in that year there is a huge decrease in net current assets o# the company as
comparati)e to the base year 3447. /he assets o# a business that can be applied to its
operation is called net current assets. 0s the chart shows the increase in net current assets
o# the company it is good #or the company as company is ha)ing the money to carry its
operartions. But year 3424 shows huge decrease thus the position o# company is not
satis#actory in year 3424 as it doesnKt ha)e the enough sources to run its operations.

,3

FINDIN"S

,4

FINDIN"S
0ccording to my sur)ey and calculating the important points areB
9inancial position o# BSNL is not much good.
/he comparati)e balance sheet o# BSNL re)eals that capital continues to be same
#rom year 3447 till 3424 i.e. !s2374444
9inancial position o# BSNL remains satis#actory in all the si. years and does not
shows the much impro)ement in the growth o# the company as in)estments and
capital continues to be same in all the * #inancial years
/here are not good coordination in departments o# BSNL.
6orking process o# BSNL take long time.
Handwriting work is more than computeri>ing work.
Auali#ication o# employees is not match his posts.
Salary o# employees is much better.
In)estment also remain same in BSNL #rom last #i)e years i.e. !s 34444
.

,5

CONCLUSIONS

,6

CONCLUSION
0#ter o)erhauling the #i)e years balance sheet o# BSNL and all condition I ha)e to
reached this conclusion thatB
/here was not much good #inancial position o# BSNL in year 3424 as comparison
to 3447 and pre)ious years.
/here was no change in in)estment o# the company in all the * years. I# there are
more in)estment than #inancial position o# BSNL may be impro)ed and earn more
pro#it at present time.
6orking process o# BSNL is take )ery long time because o# which BSNL is not
being able to progress. So impro)ed the working process.
BSNL is #acing the capital problem because o# which #inancial position o# BSNL
are a##ected.
BSNL is paying more ta.es. Because o# paying more ta.es #inancial position o#
BSNL are a##ected.
@)erall at present time #inancial position o# BSNL is good based on year
3447%344*
/here was earned more pro#it in year 344+ but year by year BSNL is on loss.

,7

LIMITATIONS

,

LIMITATIONS
Some o# the important L+=+%-%+'$5 o# #inancial analysis are howe)er summed up
as belowB
It is only a study o# interim reports.
9inancial analysis is based upon only monetary in#ormation and non%
monetary
#actors are ignored.
0s the #inancial statements are prepared on the basis o# a going concern it
does not gi)e e.act position. /hus accounting concepts and con)entions cause
a serious limitation to #inancials analysis.
(hanges in accounting procedure by a #irm may o#ten make #inancial
analysis
$isleading.
0nalysis is only a means and not an end in itsel#. 6e has to make
Interpretation and draw own conclusion

,,


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4

RECOMMENDATION

14
1

RECOMMENDATION
The study has provided with the useful data from the respondents. There has a
lot to be recommended. Following are the recommendations:
There should be increase in investment of BSNL. So that could be earned more
profit. Because if investment will be high than profit will be earned high.
There should be improved the wor!ing process of BSNL. Because wor!ing
process of BSNL is ta!e more time.
"epartments of BSNL do not have good coordination. So there should be good
coordination in departments of BSNL. #f coordination will have good in
departments than there will not has to face any problem in proper wor!.
Time to time there should be provided training of employee. So that they could
ta!e information about the new technology of them proper wor!ing process.
There should be good communication between each departments of BSNL.
There should be computeri$ed wor! in BSNL. But also at this time paper wor!
are continue to see in many department

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2

BIBLIO"RAPHY

14
3

BIBLIO"RAPHY
%anagement &ccounting Shashi '. (upta ) *.'. Sharma
Financial %anagement #.%. +andey.
*esearch +aper: Financial &nalysis ,ampton -ohn -. Financial "ecision
%a!ing Second .d p./0
1eb sites
www.bsnl.co.in
www.google.com
mpbsnl.com
R/8'&%5
&nnual *eports of BSNL 233042353.
"epartmental *ecords

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