Transmission Resource Management Description (2008!05!30)

RAN
Transmission Resource Management

Description

Issue 01
Date 2008-05-30

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
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Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

RAN
Transmission Resource Management Description Contents

Issue 01 (2008-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
i
Contents
1 TRM Change History ................................................................................................................1-1
2 TRM Introduction......................................................................................................................2-1
3 TRM Principles...........................................................................................................................3-1
3.1 ATM Transmission Resources.......................................................................................................................3-3
3.1.1 ATM Physical Layer Resources ...........................................................................................................3-3
3.1.2 AAL2 Path Resources ..........................................................................................................................3-4
3.1.3 ATM Virtual Port Shaping....................................................................................................................3-5
3.2 IP Transmission Resources............................................................................................................................3-6
3.2.1 Physical and Data Link Layer Resources.............................................................................................3-7
3.2.2 IP Path Resources.................................................................................................................................3-8
3.2.3 IP Logical Port Shaping .......................................................................................................................3-9
3.2.4 IP Performance Management ............................................................................................................. 3-11
3.3 Iub ATM/IP Transmission Resources .......................................................................................................... 3-11
3.4 Paths on the Iur, Iu-CS, and Iu-PS Interfaces..............................................................................................3-12
3.4.1 Paths on Iur Interface.........................................................................................................................3-12
3.4.2 Paths on Iu-CS Interface ....................................................................................................................3-12
3.4.3 Paths on Iu-PS Interface.....................................................................................................................3-12
3.5 Traffic Type and Transmission Resource Mapping.....................................................................................3-12
3.5.1 ATM Mapping Table ..........................................................................................................................3-12
3.5.2 IP Mapping Table...............................................................................................................................3-13
3.5.3 ATM/IP Mapping Table......................................................................................................................3-14
3.6 Differentiated Service .................................................................................................................................3-15
3.6.1 DiffServ Based on QoS......................................................................................................................3-16
3.6.2 DiffServ Based on HSDPA................................................................................................................3-16
3.6.3 DiffServ Based on ATM PVC............................................................................................................3-16
3.6.4 DiffServ Based on DSCP...................................................................................................................3-16
3.7 Transport Layer Group Bandwidth Management........................................................................................3-17
3.7.1 Bandwidth Reserved for Control and Management Planes................................................................3-17
3.7.2 Transmission Resource Group ...........................................................................................................3-18
3.8 Activity Factor.............................................................................................................................................3-18
3.9 Iub Overbooking .........................................................................................................................................3-19
3.10 Admission Control ....................................................................................................................................3-19

Contents
RAN
Transmission Resource Management Description

ii Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Issue 01 (2008-05-30)
3.10.1 Multi-Level Admission Control Policy............................................................................................3-19
3.10.2 Admission Control Algorithm..........................................................................................................3-20
3.10.3 Admission Procedure .......................................................................................................................3-23
3.11 Congestion Control....................................................................................................................................3-26
3.11.1 Congestion Detection Method..........................................................................................................3-26
3.11.2 Congestion Handling on the Iub Interface .......................................................................................3-26
4 TRM Reference Documents.....................................................................................................4-1

RAN
Transmission Resource Management Description 1 TRM Change History

1-1
1 TRM Change History
TRM Change History provides information on the changes between different document
versions.
Document and s
T nt and versions
Product Version
able 1-1 Docume product
Document Version RAN Version RNC Version NodeB Version
01 (2008-05-30) 10.0 V200R010C01B051 V100R010C01B049
V200R010C01B040
Draft (2008-03-20) 10.0 V200R010C01B050 V100R010C01B045

nagement feature of
a specific product version.

Editorial change: refers to changes in information that has already been included, or the
sion.
01 (2008-05-30
This is the document for the first commercial release of RAN10.0.
C d with draft (2008-03-20) of RAN10.0, issue 01 (2008-05-30) of RAN10.0
inc ates the changes described in the following table.
There are two types of changes, which are defined as follows:
Feature change: refers to the change in the transmission resource ma
addition of information that is not provided in the previous ver

)
ompare
orpor
Change Change Description Parameter Change
Type
The DSCP values of QOSPATH have increased. For
details, see DiffServ Based on DSCP in 3.6
Differentiated Service.
None Feature
change
The parameter Resource Management Mode used for a
resource group is changed to be non-configurable
parameter.
None

RAN

1-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Issue 01 (2008-05-30)
Change Change Description Parameter Change
Type
Editorial
change
General documentation change:

The Transmission Resource Management Parameters
is removed because of the creation of RAN10.0
parameter reference.

The structure is optimized.
None
Draft (2008-03-20)
This is a draft for the first commercial release of RAN10.0.
Compared with issue 03 (2008-01-20) of RAN6.1, this issue incorporates the changes
described in the following table.
Change Type Change Description Parameter Change
The topic 3.2.3 IP Logical Port Shaping is
added.
The following
parameters are added:

Logic port No.

Resource
Management
Mode
Feature change
The topic 3.2.4 IP Performance Management
is added.
The following

Auto adjust
bandwidth switch

Min bandwidth
[64kbps]

Max bandwidth
[64kbps]

RAN
Transmission Resource Management Description 1 TRM Change History

1-3
Multi-level VP shaping is added to 3.1.3 ATM
Virtual Port Shaping.
The following

Type of the
virtual port

The Virtual Port
Number

The bearing type
of the virtual port

The Upper
Virtual port
Number

Forward
bandwidth [kpbs]

Backward
bandwidth [kpbs]

Bearing VP No.
In 3.2 IP Transmission Resources,

A description of two IP interface boards is
added.

The values of the IP path type parameter are
divided into two groups: high-quality types
and low-quality types.
The following
parameter is changed:
IP path type.
The support of operator-dependent Iub resource
management is described in 3.10 Admission
Control.
The following

Resource
Management
Mode

CN Operator
index
A new value, UBR_PLUS has been added to
the Service Type parameter in 3.1 ATM
Transmission Resources.
The following
parameter is changed:
Service Type.
In 3.5 Traffic Type and Transmission
Resource Mapping:

The command for setting the mapping
relationship between the traffic types and
transmission resources is changed from ADD
ADJNODE to ADD ADJMAP.

Traffic Type of interactive service in the
TRMMAP tables has been changed.
None
The command for setting the factor is changed
from ADD ADJNODE to ADD ADJMAP in
3.8 Activity Factor.
None

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Issue 01 (2008-05-30)
The R99 and HSPA service admission control
algorithm is added in 3.10 Admission Control.
None
More detailed technical description of group
bandwidth management is added in 3.7
Transport Layer Group Bandwidth
Management, such as description of
transmission resource group.
None
Description of multi-level admission control
policy is added in 3.10 Admission Control.
None
A new parameter has been added in 3.11
Congestion Control.
The following
parameter is added:
NodeB name.
Editorial change General documentation change:
Implementation information has been moved to
a separate document. For information on how
to implement TRM, see Configuring
Transmission Resource Management in RAN
Feature Configuration Guide.
None

RAN
Transmission Resource Management Description 2 TRM Introduction

2-1
2 TRM Introduction
Transmission Resource Management (TRM) is used to manage user plane reso
Iub, Iur, and Iu interfaces in the Radio Network Controller (RNC). By using
urces on the
TRM, it is
ss
(QoS

ub,

d Iu-CS interfaces.

GPRS Tunneling Protocol for User Plane (GTP-U) resources, IP over ATM (IPoA)
bandwidth resources, and IP path bandwidth resources on the Iu-Packet Switched (PS)
Impact
ance
ance.
atures
Network Elem
T -1 th o s) in
Table 2-1 Es involv in TR
po ible to increase the transmission resource usage and to guarantee the Quality of Service
).
The following transmission resources are managed by the TRM modules:
Channel Identifier (CID) resources, and bandwidth resources for AAL2 paths on the I
Iur, and Iu-Circuit Switched (CS) interfaces.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) resources, and bandwidth resources for IP paths on the
Iub, Iur, an
interface.
Impact on System Perform
This feature has no impact on system perform
Impact on Other Fe
This feature has no impact on other features.
ents Involved
able 2 describes e Netw rk Elements (NE involved TRM.
N ed M
UE NodeB RNC MSC Server MGW SGSN GGSN HLR

2 TRM Introduction
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Issue 01 (2008-05-30)
UE NodeB RNC MSC Server MGW SGSN GGSN HLR
NOTE:
: not involved
: involved
UE = User Equipment, RNC = Radio Network Controller, MSC = Mobile Service Switching Center,
MGW = Media Gateway, SGSN = Serving GPRS Support Node, GGSN = Gateway GPRS Support
Node, HLR = Home Location Register

RAN
Transmission Resource Management Description 3 TRM Principles

3-1
3 TRM Principles
The TRM principles provide information about the technical aspects of TRM, including the
parameters and algorithms used, the transmission resources in the different modes and the
mapping between the transmission resources and traffic types. The TRM principles also
about functions like Differentiated Services (DiffServ), admission control
About Thi
T e conten
provide information
and activity factors.
s Chapter
he following table lists th ts of this chapter.
Section Describes
3.1 ATM Transmission The ATM transmission resources consist of the physical
Resources layer resources and the AAL2 path resources. ATM
Virtual Port (VP) shaping is used to solve downlink Iub
congestion problems.
3.2 IP Transmission Resources
ources.
ort (LP) shaping is used to solve downlink
Iub congestion problems and IP Performance
The IP transmission resources consist of the physical, and
data link layer resources as well as the IP path res
IP Logical P
Management (PM) is used to ensure that the total transmit
rate does not exceed the current actual available
bandwidth.
3.3 Iub ATM/IP Transmissio
Resources
n
sport part. The ATM and IP transmission
The Iub ATM/IP mode consists of the ATM transport part
and the IP tran
resources are independent and configured separately.
3.4 Paths on the Iur, Iu-C
and Iu-PS
S,
Interfaces Iub interface.
TRM of the Iur, Iu-CS and Iu-PS is similar to TRM of the
3.5 Traffic Type and
Transmission Resource
Mapping
The mapping between traffic types and transmission
resources can be configured for each adjacent node.

3 TRM Principles
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Issue 01 (2008-05-30)
Section Describes
3.6 Differentiated Service The Differentiated Service (DiffServ) is a method of
providing different services with different transmission
priorities.
3.7 Transport Layer Group
Bandwidth Management b
Transport Layer Group Bandwidth Management is used
to manage different types of paths configured on the Iu
interface.
3.8 Activity Factor
active periods
ol to increase the transmission
Due to the discontinuity of traffic, there are active periods
during which data is transmitted and in
during which no data is transmitted. The activity factor is
used by the admission contr
resource usage during these periods.
3.9 Iub Overbooking Iub overbooking is used to increase transmission resource
usage on the Iub interface.
3.10 Admission Control
enough to accept a new user's access
r's
rejected.
Admission Control is used to determine whether the
system resources are
request. If the system resources are enough, the new use
access request is accepted; otherwise, the user will be
3.11 Congestion Control Congestion Control describes the congestion detection
method and the congestion handling on the Iub interface.

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3-3
3.1 ATM Transmission Resources
The ATM transmission resources consist of the physical layer resources and the AAL2 path
resources. ATM Virtual Port (VP) shaping is used to solve downlink Iub congestion problems.
3.1.1 ATM Physical Layer Resources
In ATM mode, the user plane data for the Iub/Iur/Iu-CS interfaces is carried on AAL2 paths,
and data for the Iu-PS interface is carried on the IP over ATM (IPoA) Permanent Virtual
Channel (PVC).
Data for the terrestrial interfaces is transmitted on the physical layer in one of the following
transmission modes:

E1/T1: Electrical ports of the AEUa board are used for data transmission.

Channelized STM-1/OC-3: Optical ports of the AOUa board are used for data
transmission.

Unchannelized STM-1/OC-3c: Optical ports of the UOIa board are used for data
transmission.
Table 3-1 describes the ATM interface boards and their transmission modes.
Table 3-1 ATM interface boards
Board Description Transmission
Mode
AEUa AEUa refers to the RNC 32-port ATM over E1/T1 interface
unit (REV: a).
The AEUa supports interfaces such as Iu-CS, Iur, and Iub.

UNI

IMA

Fractional ATM

Fractional IMA

Virtual Port
(VP)
AOUa AOUa refers to the RNC 2-port ATM over channelized
optical STM-1/OC-3 interface unit (REV: a).
The AOUa supports interfaces such as Iu-CS, Iur, and Iub.

UNI

IMA

Virtual Port
(VP)
UOIa UOIa refers to the RNC 4-port ATM/packet over
unchannelized optical STM-1/OC-3c interface unit (REV: a).
The UOIa supports interfaces such as Iu-CS, Iu-PS, Iu-BC,
Iur, and Iub.
NCOPT

Table 3-2 describes the Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) and Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI)
range as well as the service types for the ATM interface boards.

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Table 3-2 VPI/VCI range and service types for ATM interface boards
Board VPI /VCI Range Service Type
AEUa

VPI: 0 to 255

VCI: 32 to 65535

CBR

RTVBR

NRTVBR

UBR

UBR_PLUS
AOUa

VPI: 0 to 255

VCI: 32 to 65535

CBR

RTVBR

NRTVBR

UBR

UBR_PLUS
UOIa

VPI: 0 to 255

VCI: 32 to 65535

CBR

RTVBR

NRTVBR

UBR

UBR_PLUS

UBR_PLUS is the UBR configured with Minimum Cell Rate (MCR).
3.1.2 AAL2 Path Resources
AAL2 Path Recourses describes the AAL2 path resource parameters, and the mappings
between AAL2 path type and service type parameters.
In ATM mode, the AAL2 path types are as follows:

RT

NRT

HSDPA_RT

HSDPA_NRT

HSUPA_RT

HSUPA_NRT
High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access
(HSUPA) traffic can be carried on the same AAL2 path. HSDPA is carried on the downlink
and HSUPA is carried on the uplink.
The AAL2 path type is related to the Service type parameter. The mapping between AAL2
path type and Service type parameters is determined by TX traffic record index or RX
traffic record index parameter.
Table 3-3 describes the recommended mapping between AAL2 path type and Service type
parameters. The service type priority in descending order is: CBR > RTVBR > NRTVBR >
UBR or UBR_PLUS.

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3-5
Table 3-3 Mapping between AAL2 path type and service type parameters
Values for the AAL2 Path Type
Parameter
Values for the Service Type Parameter
RT CBR, or RTVBR
NRT NRTVBR
HSDPA_RT CBR, or RTVBR
HSDPA_NRT NRTVBR, UBR, or UBR_PLUS
HSUPA_RT CBR, or RTVBR
HSUPA_NRT NRTVBR, UBR, or UBR_PLUS

3.1.3 ATM Virtual Port Shaping
ATM VP shaping is applied on the port of ATM interface boards and is used to solve
downlink Iub congestion problems, which decrease the risk of transmission congestion and
packet loss.
To avoid congestion in the ATM network:

Configure a leaf VP aiming at each NodeB. The VP shaping rate is the Iub bandwidth
corresponding to each NodeB. The shaping bandwidth of each VP is configured to avoid
congestion occurring on each NodeB and access point of the transport network.

Configure a hub VP aiming at each Hub NodeB. The VP connecting to the hub VP
corresponds to the actual NodeB networking. The shaping rate of the hub VP is lower
than or equal to the Iub bandwidth of the Hub NodeB.

Ensure that the actual rate of the VPs does not exceed the bandwidth of the physical port.
Otherwise, congestion may occur on the physical port.

The sum of the configured VP bandwidth can exceed the bandwidth of the upper-level
VP (or of the physical port) because the VPs can be converged upon admission. For the actual
traffic, however, the sum of VP traffic will not exceed the traffic of the upper-level VP.
If these conditions are met, congestion will not occur on the NodeB Iub interface.
VP shaping also supports admission control, congestion control and back pressure algorithm.
The RNC back pressure algorithm can be applied to VP shaping, which will solve Iub
congestion problems. One principle of RNC back pressure algorithm is congestion detection,
which requires the shaping function at the transport layer. For details, see 3.10 Admission
Control, 3.11 Congestion Control and Flow Control Algorithm 2 for Iub Overbooking.
Solution to Congestion Based on VP Shaping
The RNC supports multi-level shaping (up to level-5 shaping), which has both leaf VPs and
hub VPs.
Figure 3-1 shows the VPs corresponding to the multi-level NodeB.

3 TRM Principles
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Issue 01 (2008-05-30)
Figure 3-1 VPs corresponding to multi-level NodeB.

NB = NodeB, BW = bandwidth, BW0 = bandwidth of the physical port

Multiple NodeBs are converged at the Iub interface. The convergence may occur in the
transport network (such as NB1 and NB4 in Figure 3-1) or in the Hub NodeB (for
example, NB2 and NB3 are converged at NB1, as shown in Figure 3-1). The VPs must
be configured to provide an appropriate convergence solution.

The leaf VP actual rate is restricted by the leaf VP shaping rate, and scheduling rates of
the hub VP and physical port.
The VP shaping parameters involved are as follows:

Type of the virtual port

The Virtual Port Number

The bearing type of the virtual port

The Upper Virtual port Number

Forward bandwidth [kpbs]

Backward bandwidth [kpbs]

Bearing VP No.
3.2 IP Transmission Resources
The IP transmission resources consist of the physical, and data link layer resources as
well as the IP path resources. IP Logical Port (LP) shaping is used to solve downlink Iub

RAN

3-7
congestion problems and IP Performance Management (PM) is used to ensure that the
total transmit rate does not exceed the current actual available bandwidth.
3.2.1 Physical and Data Link Layer Resources
The IP transmission resources include the physical layer and data link layer resources.
In IP mode, the user plane data of the Iub, Iur, Iu-CS, and Iu-PS interfaces is carried on
UDP/IP.
Data for the terrestrial interfaces is transmitted on the physical layer in one of the following
transmission modes:

E1/T1: Electrical ports of the PEUa board are used for data transmission.

FE/GE: Electrical ports of the FG2a board are used for data transmission.

Optical GE: Optical GE ports of the GOUa board are used for data transmission.

Unchannelized STM-1/OC-3c: Optical ports of the UOIa board are used for data
transmission
Table 3-4 describes the IP interface boards.
Table 3-4 IP interface boards
Board Description Transmission Mode
PEUa PEUa refers to the RNC 32-port packet over
E1/T1 interface unit (REV: a).
The PEUa supports the IP-based Iub, Iur,
and Iu-CS interfaces.

PPP

MLPPP

MCPPP

PPPMux

IPHC (RFC2507)
FG2a FG2a refers to the RNC packet over
electronic 8-port FE or 2-port GE Ethernet
interface unit (REV: a).
The FG2a supports the IP-based Iub, Iur,
Iu-CS, and Iu-PS interfaces.
IP over Ethernet
GOUa GOUa refers to the RNC 2-port packet over
optical GE Ethernet interface unit (REV: a).
The GOUa supports the IP-based Iub, Iur,
Iu-CS, and Iu-PS interfaces.
IP over Ethernet
UOIa The board provides four unchannelized
STM-1/OC-3c optical ports and supports IP
over SDH/SONET.

PPP

PPPMux
POUa POUa refers to the RNC 2-port packet over
channelized optical STM-1/OC-3 interface
unit (REV: a).
The POUa provides two IP over channelized
STM-1/OC-3 optical ports and supports IP
over E1/T1 over SDH/SONET.

PPP

PPPMux

MLPPP

Supporting 42 MLPPP
groups in E1 mode

Supporting 64 MLPPP
groups in T1 mode

3 TRM Principles
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The user plane data of Iub, Iur, and Iu-CS interfaces is encapsulated through the UDP, IP, and
layer 2 (L2). An independent UDP port is allocated to each data flow.
L2 can be carried on either the E1 or the Ethernet (FE/GE). If L2 is carried on the E1, the data
can be encapsulated on the basis of the following protocols:

Point to Point Protocol (PPP)

Multi-link PPP (MLPPP)

PPP Multiplexing (PPPMux)

Multi-Class PPP (MCPPP)
The compression of the address and control or protocol fields can be applied on the
PPP/MLPPP/PPPMux link. In addition, the IP header compression technology can also be
used to save the transmission resources when the E1 is used on the Iub interface. For details
about the data link layer, refer to IP RAN Header Compression.
If L2 is carried on the Ethernet, the data can be encapsulated in the format shown in Figure
3-2.
Figure 3-2 Encapsulation format of the Ethernet data

The data encapsulation complies with RFC894 and RFC1042 (IEEE 802).
3.2.2 IP Path Resources
IP Path Resources describes the IP path type parameters, and the mappings between the IP
path type and traffic type.
Table 3-5 describes the mapping between IP path type and the recommended traffic type.
Table 3-5 Mapping between IP path type and traffic type
IP Path Type Recommended Traffic Type
HQ_RT
LQ_RT
Common channel messages
Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB)
AMR voice
CS conversational and streaming services
PS conversational and streaming services established on DCHs
HQ_NRT
LQ_NRT
PS BE services established on DCHs
HQ_HSDPART
LQ_HSDPART
PS conversational and streaming services established on HSDPA
channels

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3-9
IP Path Type Recommended Traffic Type
HQ_HSDPANRT
LQ_HSDPANRT
PS interactive and background services established on HSDPA
channels
HQ_HSUPART
LQ_HSUPART
PS conversational and streaming services established on HSUPA
channels
HQ_HSUPANRT
LQ_HSUPANRT
PS interactive and background services established on HSUPA
channels
HQ_QOSPATH
LQ_QOSPATH
Any service type can be carried on the QOSPATH. The transmission
priority of the QOSPATH is configurable, so different service types
can be transmitted with different priorities.

High Quality (HQ) and Low Quality (LQ) differ in bearer type. HQ is based on IP over
E1/T1 transport, whereas LQ is based on IP over Ethernet transport. This difference is
due to the fact that compared with IP transport, E1/T1 transport has low transmission
delay, thus featuring a high quality.

The IP path also needs to be configured, even if the Iu-PS interface adopts IPoA for
transmission.

HSDPA and HSUPA traffic can be carried on the same IP path. HSDPA is carried on the
downlink and HSUPA is carried on the uplink.
3.2.3 IP Logical Port Shaping
IP LP shaping is applied on the port of IP interface boards, and is used to solve downlink Iub
congestion problems, which will decrease the risk of transmission congestion and packets
loss.
To avoid congestion in the IP network:

Configure an LP aiming at each NodeB. The LP shaping rate is the Iub bandwidth
corresponding to NodeB. The shaping bandwidth of each LP is configured to avoid
congestion occurring on each NodeB and access point of the transport network.

Ensure that the actual rate of the LPs does not exceed the bandwidth of the physical port.
Otherwise, congestion may occur on the physical port.
LP shaping also supports admission control, congestion control and back pressure algorithm.
The RNC back pressure algorithm can be applied to LP shaping, which will solve Iub
congestion problems. One principle of RNC back pressure algorithm is congestion detection,
which requires the shaping function in the transmission layer. For details, see 3.10 Admission
Control, 3.11 Congestion Control and Flow Control Algorithm 2 for Iub Overbooking.
Solution to Congestion Based on LP Shaping
Table 3-6 describes the interface board capacity of LP shaping and IP Performance
Management (PM).

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Table 3-6 Interface board capacity of LP shaping and IP PM
Bearing Type Board Type Capacity of LP Shaping Remarks
PEUa Does not support LP. None
POUa Does not support LP. None
FG2a Supports LP. LP level-1 shaping + IP PM
GOUa Supports LP. LP level-1 shaping + IP PM
IP
UOIa Supports LP. LP level-1 shaping

For details about IP PM, see 3.2.4 IP Performance Management.
Figure 3-3 shows the back pressure solution of LP level-1 shaping.
Figure 3-3 Back pressure solution of LP level-1 shaping

NB = NodeB, BW = bandwidth, BW0 = bandwidth of the physical port

The LPs (LP1, LP2, LP3, and LP4) aim at each NodeB. The shaping rate of the leaf LP is
equal to the Iub bandwidth of each NodeB.

The bandwidth of the four LPs must be equal to or less than the bandwidth of the
physical port.

The configured LP can exceed the bandwidth of the physical port (with a convergence based
on the admission algorithm), but the sum of the actual traffic will not exceed the traffic of
upper-level LP.
The LP shaping parameters involved are as follows:

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3-11

Logic port No.

Resource management mode
3.2.4 IP Performance Management
In the actual network, bandwidth-varying scenario exists. In this scenario, the IP PM is
introduced on the basis of LP back pressure.
IP PM is used to dynamically detect the actual available bandwidth and ensure that the total
transmit rate does not exceed the current actual available bandwidth.
The solution is the following:

If LP back pressure is implemented, congestion and packet loss do not occur at the LP.

The RNC and NodeB work together to implement IP PM in the following way:
The RNC sends a Forward Monitoring (FM) packet including the send packet count
and time stamp to the NodeB.
The NodeB adds the receive packet count and time stamp on the FM packet to
generate a Backward Reporting (BR) packet and then sends it to RNC.
The RNC estimates the available bandwidth, depending on the BR packet, and
adjusts the LP rate.

The dynamic adjustment of the LP depends on the IP PM detection result. If the Auto adjust
bandwidth switch parameter is set to ON when configuring the LP, the IP PM of all the IP
paths bound on this LP must be activated. Then, the system dynamically adjusts the
bandwidth of the LP according to the Iub transmission quality information obtained by the IP
PM.

The estimated available bandwidth is also used for admission algorithms. For details, see
3.10 Admission Control.
Other IP PM parameters involved are as follows:

Max bandwidth [64kbps]

Min bandwidth [64kbps]

If the Auto adjust bandwidth switch parameter is set to ON, you should configure the
Max bandwidth [64kbps] and the Min bandwidth [64kbps].
If the Auto adjust bandwidth switch parameter is set to OFF, you can only configure the
bandwidth of a fixed logical port.
3.3 Iub ATM/IP Transmission Resources
The Iub ATM/IP mode consists of the ATM transport part and the IP transport part. The ATM
and IP transmission resources are independent and configured separately.
For more information about the ATM transmission resources, see 3.1 ATM Transmission
Resources, and for more information about the IP transmission resources, see 3.2 IP
Transmission Resources.

3 TRM Principles
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3.4 Paths on the Iur, Iu-CS, and Iu-PS Interfaces
TRM of the Iur, Iu-CS and Iu-PS is similar to TRM of the Iub interface.
3.4.1 Paths on Iur Interface
Services carried on the Iur interface are diversified. Therefore, the types of paths configured
on the Iur interface are the same as those on the Iub interface.
3.4.2 Paths on Iu-CS Interface
Services carried on the Iu-CS interface are AMR voice services, CS conversational services
and CS streaming services, all of which are real-time services. Therefore, the AAL2 paths of
RT type need to be configured in ATM mode, and the IP paths of HQ_RT and LQ_RT as
well as HQ_QOSPATH and LQ_QOSPATH types need to be configured in IP mode.
3.4.3 Paths on Iu-PS Interface
For the resource management of the Iu-PS interface, the IP paths of NRT or HQ_QOSPATH
and LQ_QOSPATH types are used in ATM or IP mode.
3.5 Traffic Type and Transmission Resource Mapping
The mapping between traffic types and transmission resources can be configured for each
adjacent node.
When an adjacent mapping is added, different mapping indexes are assigned to users with
different priorities. The RNC provides default mapping tables (TRMMAP tables). The
mapping between the traffic types, including traffic handling priority, and the transport bearer
is configured through the ADD TRMMAP command, and the mapping of the gold, silver, or
bronze type is configured through the ADD ADJMAP command.
3.5.1 ATM Mapping Table
Table 3-7 shows the mapping recommended for the ATM-based Iub/Iur/Iu-CS interfaces.
Primary path type refers to the preferred path type and secondary path type is used when the
admission to the primary path type fails.
Table 3-7 Mapping recommended for the ATM-based Iub/Iur/Iu-CS interfaces
Traffic Type Primary Path Type Secondary Path Type
Common channel ATMRT NULL
SRB ATMRT NULL
AMR voice ATMRT NULL
R99 CS conversational ATMRT NULL
R99 CS streaming ATMRT NULL
R99 PS conversational ATMRT NULL

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R99 PS streaming ATMRT NULL
R99 PS interactive high priority ATMNRT NULL
R99 PS interactive middle priority ATMNRT NULL
R99 PS interactive low priority ATMNRT NULL
R99 PS background ATMNRT NULL
HSDPA Signal ATMHDRT NULL
HSDPA conversational ATMHDRT NULL
HSDPA streaming ATMHDRT NULL
HSDPA interactive high priority ATMHDNRT NULL
HSDPA interactive middle priority ATMHDNRT NULL
HSDPA interactive low priority ATMHDNRT NULL
HSDPA background ATMHDNRT NULL
HSUPA Signal ATMHURT NULL
HSUPA conversational ATMHURT NULL
HSUPA streaming ATMHURT NULL
HSUPA interactive high priority ATMHUNRT NULL
HSUPA interactive middle priority ATMHUNRT NULL
HSUPA interactive low priority ATMHUNRT NULL
HSUPA background ATMHUNRT NULL

3.5.2 IP Mapping Table
Table 3-8 shows the mapping recommended for the IP-based Iub/Iur/Iu-CS interfaces.
Primary path type refers to the preferred path type and secondary path type is used when the
admission to the primary path type fails.
Table 3-8 Mapping recommended for the IP-based Iub/Iur/Iu-CS interfaces
Common channel HQ_IPRT NULL
SRB HQ_IPRT NULL
AMR voice HQ_IPRT NULL
R99 CS conversational HQ_IPRT NULL
R99 CS streaming HQ_IPRT NULL

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R99 PS conversational HQ_IPRT NULL
R99 PS streaming HQ_IPRT NULL
R99 PS interactive high priority HQ_IPNRT NULL
R99 PS interactive middle priority HQ_IPNRT NULL
R99 PS interactive low priority HQ_IPNRT NULL
R99 PS background HQ_IPNRT NULL
HSDPA Signal HQ_IPHDRT NULL
HSDPA conversational HQ_IPHDRT NULL
HSDPA streaming HQ_IPHDNRT NULL
HSDPA interactive high priority HQ_IPHDNRT NULL
HSDPA interactive middle priority HQ_IPHDNRT NULL
HSDPA interactive low priority HQ_IPHDNRT NULL
HSDPA background HQ_IPHDNRT NULL
HSUPA Signal HQ_IPHURT NULL
HSUPA conversational HQ_IPHURT NULL
HSUPA streaming HQ_IPHURT NULL
HSUPA interactive high priority HQ_IPHUNRT NULL
HSUPA interactive middle priority HQ_IPHUNRT NULL
HSUPA interactive low priority HQ_IPHUNRT NULL
HSUPA background HQ_IPHUNRT NULL

3.5.3 ATM/IP Mapping Table
Table 3-9 shows the mapping recommended for the ATM/IP-based Iub interface. Primary path
type refers to the preferred path type and secondary path type is used when the admission to
the primary path type fails.
Table 3-9 Mapping recommended for the ATM/IP-based Iub interface
Common channel ATMRT HQ_IPRT
SRB ATMRT HQ_IPRT
AMR voice ATMRT HQ_IPRT
R99 CS conversational ATMRT HQ_IPRT

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R99 CS streaming ATMRT HQ_IPRT
R99 PS conversational ATMRT HQ_IPRT
R99 PS streaming ATMRT HQ_IPRT
R99 PS interactive high priority ATMNRT HQ_IPNRT
R99 PS interactive middle priority ATMNRT HQ_IPNRT
R99 PS interactive low priority ATMNRT HQ_IPNRT
R99 PS background ATMNRT HQ_IPNRT
HSDPA Signal ATMHDRT HQ_IPHDRT
HSDPA conversational ATMHDRT HQ_IPHDRT
HSDPA streaming ATMHDRT HQ_IPHDRT
HSDPA interactive high priority HQ_IPHDNRT ATMHDNRT
HSDPA interactive middle priority HQ_IPHDNRT ATMHDNRT
HSDPA interactive low priority HQ_IPHDNRT ATMHDNRT
HSDPA background HQ_IPHDNRT ATMHDNRT
HSUPA Signal ATMHURT HQ_IPHURT
HSUPA conversational ATMHURT HQ_IPHURT
HSUPA streaming ATMHURT HQ_IPHURT
HSUPA interactive HQ_IPHUNRT ATMHUNRT
HSUPA background HQ_IPHUNRT ATMHUNRT

The default TRMMAP tables can be modified with the SET DEFAULTTRMMAP command.
A new mapping table index is added with the ADD TRMMAP command, and the mapping
table index is modified with the MOD TRMMAP command.
The parameters that are used to modify the mapping are as follows:

TRMMAP ID

Gold user TRMMAP index

Silver user TRMMAP index

Bronze user TRMMAP index
3.6 Differentiated Service
The Differentiated Service (DiffServ) is a method of providing different services with
different transmission priorities.

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3.6.1 DiffServ Based on QoS
DiffServ is implemented according to different QoS requirements of the different services.

The voice service requires short delay and small jitter but allows a certain rate of
transmission errors.
To minimize the delay and jitter, the high-quality transmission medium with the shortest
path is allocated to the voice service. The Transparent Mode (TM) is applied to meet the
requirements for transmission error rate and reduce the overhead processing.

The PS BE service such as e-mail or FTP is less sensitive to delay and jitter but does not
allow transmission errors.
Relatively low-quality transmission medium is allocated to the PS BE service, and the
retransmission mechanism of the Acknowledged Mode (AM) ensures no transmission
errors.
3.6.2 DiffServ Based on HSDPA
If the NodeB supports HSDPA, the flow control of the channels that carry HSDPA services is
managed by the NodeB.
Without the differentiated transmission measures, the outburst of HSDPA data transmission
can affect both the voice services and the R99 data services. Therefore, differentiated
transmission must be applied to HSDPA services. That is, independent AAL2 paths or IP paths
must be configured to carry the services of HSDPA_RT type or HSDPA_NRT type as follows:

PS streaming services established on HSDPA channels are carried on the paths of
HSDPA_RT type.

PS BE services established on HSDPA channels are carried on the paths of HSDPA_NRT
type.
3.6.3 DiffServ Based on ATM PVC
In ATM mode, the ATM PVC priority is applied to implement the DiffServ. Different types of
service can be carried on different PVCs with different transmission priorities.
For example, the RT path type uses high-priority PVC such as CBR or RTVBR, and NRT path
type uses low-priority PVC such as NRTVBR.
3.6.4 DiffServ Based on DSCP
In IP mode, the Differentiated Service Code Point (DSCP) is applied to implement the
DiffServ. DSCP is a field in an IP packet that enables different services to be transmitted with
different priorities on the network. In the same network environment, the greater the DSCP
value is, the higher priority the traffic has.
Different IP paths can be configured with different DSCPs, which means that different
services can be transmitted by using different DSCPs. For example, the RT path type is
configured with high-priority DSCP, and the NRT path type is configured with low-priority
DSCP.
To modify the default DSCP values for IP paths of non-QOSPATH type, run the ADD
IPPATH command or MOD IPPATH command.
The DSCP for the IP path of QOSPATH type is classified into
EF,AF11,AF12,AF13,AF21,AF22,AF23,AF31,AF32,AF33,AF41,AF42,AF43,BE. The

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transmission priorities from high to low are EF > AF43 >= AF42 >= AF41 > AF33 >= AF32 >=
AF31 >= AF23 >= AF22 >= AF21 > AF13 >= AF12 >= AF11 > BE. The default DSCP values
for them are as follows:

EF: 46

AF43 / AF42 / AF41: 38

AF33 / AF32 / AF31: 30

AF23 / AF22 / AF21: 18

AF13 / AF12 / AF11: 10

BE: 0
The DSCP for the IP path of QOSPATH type is determined by the traffic mapping, and the
DSCP for the IP path of non-QOSPATH type is configured on the IP path. The mapping
between the DSCP values and IP port queues is set through the SET QUEUEMAP command.

If the data is transmitted on the leased lines, the IP address and DSCP values of the IP paths
should be configured according to the Service Level Agreement (SLA).
3.7 Transport Layer Group Bandwidth Management
Transport Layer Group Bandwidth Management is used to manage different types of paths
configured on the Iub interface.
Transmission resource group multiplexes and converges the transport layer resources through
admission control. For example, the bandwidth of all the paths under one transmission
resource group can be configured as the same as the bandwidth of the group. That is, all the
paths can share the bandwidth of the transmission resource group.
When you configure a physical link (for example, IMA, UNI, and FRAATM), or a logical
port (VP or LP), the bandwidth for the control and management planes (including the
signaling NCP/CCP/ALCAP and the OAM flow) is reserved, and the remaining bandwidth is
used by the user plane.
The transport layer admission control and congestion control described in the following
sections are based on the bandwidth for the user plane of the transport layer. For example, the
bandwidth for the physical link mentioned above refers to the bandwidth for the user plane of
the transport layer.
3.7.1 Bandwidth Reserved for Control and Management Planes
The bandwidth reserved in ATM transport and in IP transport is different:

In ATM transport, the bandwidth of the signaling NCP/CCP/ALCAP and the OAM flow
is reserved for the control plane:
Reserved bandwidth = bandwidth of the NCP x Factor of NBAP_NCP
+ bandwidth of the CCP x Factor of NBAP_CCP
+ bandwidth of the ALCAP x Factor of ALCAP
+ OM bandwidth of the NodeB x Factor of IUB_OAM

In IP transport, the bandwidth of the OAM flow is reserved for the control plane:
Reserved bandwidth = OM bandwidth of the NodeB x Factor of IUB_OAM

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The parameters used to calculate the reserved bandwidth for the control and management
planes are as follows:

Application Type

Factor
3.7.2 Transmission Resource Group
The path, transmission resource group, and physical port constitute the structure of the RNC
transmission resource management, as Figure 3-4 shown.
Figure 3-4 The structure of the RNC transmission resource management

Run the ADD PORTCTRLER command to add port resource controllers for IMA, UNI, FRAATM,
NCOPT, ETHER, PPP, and MLPPP.
Run the ADD LGCPORT, ADD VP, and ADD RSCGRP commands to add the transmission resource
groups on the RNC.
In the broad sense, a port controller also serves as a resource group, namely, a top-level resource group.
The port controller and transmission resource group (including the VP, LP, or customized
resource group) are related to transmission resource admission control. For details, see 3.10
Admission Control.
3.8 Activity Factor
Due to the discontinuity of traffic, there are active periods during which data is transmitted
and inactive periods during which no data is transmitted. The activity factor is used by the
admission control to increase the transmission resource usage during these periods.
The activity factors can be applied on the Iub, Iur, Iu-CS, and Iu-PS interfaces and by
adjusting the activity factor, more users of a service can be admitted.
In most cases, when a service is established, the service admission bandwidth is equal to the
required transmission bit rate multiplied by the service activity factor. For the PS Best Effort
(BE) service, the service admission bandwidth is the same as the Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR)
multiplied by the service activity factor.
The activity factors for all users for common channel and SRB are the same. For details, refer
to Iub Overbooking Key Principles.

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3.9 Iub Overbooking
Iub overbooking is used to increase transmission resource usage on the Iub interface.
For details, refer to Iub Overbooking Description.
3.10 Admission Control
Admission Control is used to determine whether the system resources are enough to accept a
new user's access request. If the system resources are enough, the new user's access request is
accepted; otherwise, the user will be rejected.
3.10.1 Multi-Level Admission Control Policy
The admission control of the RNC transmission resources adopts a bottom-up multi-level
admission control policy.
Figure 3-5 shows a bottom-up multi-level admission control policy.
Figure 3-5 Bottom-up multi-level admission control policy

As shown in Figure 3-5, a user accessing the network from a path should go through the
admission of the path, resource group, and physical port in turn. The user that passes all the
admission can be successfully admitted by the transport layer.
The physical ports correspond to IMA, UNI, FRAATM, NCOPT, ETHER, PPP, and MLPPP.
The transmission resource groups are of two types: the one automatically generated in the
system and the one manually generated by the user. The latter one can only perform
admission control but is not capable of shaping or back pressure.
Figure 3-6 shows the multi-level admission control policy for the RNC transmission
resources.

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Figure 3-6 Multi-level admission control policy for the RNC transmission resources

Hub VP1, Leaf VP1, Leaf VP2, and Leaf VP3 are the four VPs configured by users, which
correspond to four transmission resource groups. The user accessing the network from the
NB2 should go through the admission of AAL2PATH, LeafVP1, HubVP1, physical port, and
the user accessing the network from the NB4 should go through the admission of AAL2PATH,
Leaf VP3, and physical port.
3.10.2 Admission Control Algorithm
This section describes the admission control algorithm and takes the physical link as an
example. The admission control policy for the transmission resource group is the same as that
for the physical link.
The requirements for the general algorithm for bandwidth admission control vary with
whether it is a new user, a handover user, or a rate upsizing user that is requiring admission.
For a new user, the following requirements apply:

Total bandwidth allocated to the users on the path + required bandwidth for the new user
< total bandwidth configured for the path bandwidth reserved for handover.

Total bandwidth allocated to the users on the physical link + required bandwidth for the
new user < total bandwidth of the physical link bandwidth reserved for handover.
For a handover user, the following requirements apply:

Total bandwidth allocated to the users on the path + required bandwidth for the handover
user < total bandwidth configured for the path.

handover user < total bandwidth of the physical link.

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For a rate upsizing user, the following requirements apply:

Total bandwidth allocated to the users on the path + required bandwidth for the rate
upsizing user < total bandwidth configured for the path congestion threshold.

rate upsizing user < total bandwidth of the physical link congestion threshold.
Physical link users consist of R99 users and HSPA users. For R99 users, the UL and DL
control admission together. For HSPA users, the UL and DL control admission separately.
First the UL controls admission. If the UL admission for HSPA users is approved, the DL
controls admission and if the UL admission for HSPA users is rejected, the DL does not
control admission.
Table 3-10 describes the admission control procedures for different combinations of services
as well as UL and DL.
Table 3-10 R99 and HSPA service admission control
Service If... Then...
UL admission fails Admission is rejected with
the message "RAB
ASSIGNMENT
RESPONSE" and the
reason is "Requested
Maximum Bit Rate for UL
not Available".
DL admission fails Admission is rejected with
the message "RAB
ASSIGNMENT
RESPONSE" and the
Maximum Bit Rate for DL
not Available".
UL R99 + DL R99
Both UL and DL admission fail Admission is rejected with
the message "RAB
ASSIGNMENT
RESPONSE" and the
Maximum Bit Rate not
Available".
UL R99 + DL HSDPA UL admission fails Admission is rejected with
the message "RAB
ASSIGNMENT
RESPONSE" and the
not Available".

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the message "RAB
ASSIGNMENT
RESPONSE" and the
not Available".
the message "RAB
ASSIGNMENT
RESPONSE" and the
not Available".
UL admission fails Admission is rejected with
the message "RAB
ASSIGNMENT
RESPONSE" and the
not Available".
the message "RAB
ASSIGNMENT
RESPONSE" and the
not Available".
UL HSUPA + DL R99
the message "RAB
ASSIGNMENT
RESPONSE" and the
not Available".
UL HSUPA + DL HSDPA UL admission fails Admission is rejected with
the message "RAB
ASSIGNMENT
RESPONSE" and the
not Available".

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the message "RAB
ASSIGNMENT
RESPONSE" and the
not Available".
the message "RAB
ASSIGNMENT
RESPONSE" and the
not Available".

For a path that belongs to a path group, admission control must be performed at both the
path level and the path group level.

For an IMA group or MLPPP group, the RNC automatically adjusts the maximum
bandwidth available to the whole group and uses the new admission threshold if the
bandwidth of an IMA link or MLPPP link changes.
The Resource Management Mode parameter is used for configuring a virtual port, or logical
port on the Iub interface.
The CN Operator index can be used when setting the Resource Management Mode
parameter.
The admission control algorithm has the following requirement for the parameter settings:
Bandwidth reserved for handover congestion threshold congestion resolve threshold
The congestion threshold and the congestion resolve threshold are used to prevent ping-pong
effect.
Based on the preceding requirement, the user priorities are as follows:
Handover user > new user > rate upsizing user
The congestion thresholds consist of Forward congestion threshold and Backward
congestion threshold, and the congestion resolve thresholds consist of Forward congestion
clear threshold and Backward congestion clear threshold. For details, see 3.11 Congestion
Control.
The parameters that are used for reserving bandwidth for handover users are as follows:

Forward handover reserved bandwidth[KBIT/S]

Backward handover reserved bandwidth[KBIT/S]
3.10.3 Admission Procedure
Primary and secondary paths are used in admission control. According to the mapping
between traffic types and transmission resources, the RNC first selects the primary path for
admission. If the admission on the primary path fails, then the admission on the secondary

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path is performed. For details about the mapping between traffic types and transmission
resources, see 3.5 Traffic Type and Transmission Resource Mapping.
For example, assume that secondary paths are available for new users, handover users, and
rate upsizing users. The following procedures describe the admission of these users on the Iub
interface respectively.
The admission procedure for a new user is as follows:
Step 1 The new user tries to be admitted to available bandwidth 1 of the primary path, as shown in 1
of Figure 3-7.
Step 2 If the admission on the primary path is successful, the user is carried on the primary path.
Step 3 If the admission on the primary path fails, the user tries to be admitted to available bandwidth
2 of the secondary path, as shown in 2 of Figure 3-7.
Step 4 If the admission on the secondary path is successful, the user is carried on the secondary path.
If not, the bandwidth admission request of the user is rejected.
----End
Figure 3-7 Admission procedure for a new user

Available bandwidth 1 = total bandwidth of the primary path - used bandwidth - handover reserved bandwidth
Available bandwidth 2 = total bandwidth of the secondary path - used bandwidth - handover reserved bandwidth

The admission procedure for a handover user is as follows:
Step 1 The handover user tries to be admitted to available bandwidth 1 of the primary path, as shown
in 1 of Figure 3-8.
----End

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Figure 3-8 Admission procedure for a handover user

Available bandwidth 1 = total bandwidth of the primary path - used bandwidth
Available bandwidth 2 = total bandwidth of the secondary path - used bandwidth

The admission procedure for a rate upsizing user is as follows:
Step 1 The rate upsizing user tries to be admitted to available bandwidth 1 of the primary path, as
shown in 1 of Figure 3-9.
----End
Figure 3-9 Admission procedure for a rate upsizing user

Available bandwidth 1 = total bandwidth of the primary path - used bandwidth - congestion reserved bandwidth
Available bandwidth 2 = total bandwidth of the secondary path - used bandwidth - congestion reserved bandwidth

If no secondary paths are available for the users, the admission is performed only on the
primary paths.

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3.11 Congestion Control
Congestion Control describes the congestion detection method and the congestion handling on
the Iub interface.
3.11.1 Congestion Detection Method
The Forward congestion threshold and Backward congestion threshold parameters can be
set for congestion detection when a path, port, or resource group is configured. The default
value for both of the parameters is 0, which indicates that no congestion detection is
performed. If the parameters are specified, the TRM performs congestion detection based on
the parameter values. For a path, port, or resource group, it is also possible to set the Forward
congestion clear threshold and Backward congestion clear threshold parameters, both of
which are used to determine whether the congestion disappears.
Congestion detection can be triggered in either of the following ways:

Bandwidth adjustment because of resource allocation, modification or release.

Change in the configured bandwidth or the congestion threshold.

Physical link fault.
For example, if the forward parameters of a port for congestion detection are defined as
follows, with CLEAR being greater than CON:

Configured bandwidth: AVE

Forward congestion threshold: CON

Forward congestion clear threshold: CLEAR

Used bandwidth: USED
Then, the mechanism of congestion detection on the port is as follows:

The congestion occurs on the path when CON + USED AVE.

The congestion disappears from the path when CLEAR + USED < AVE.
The congestion detection for a path or resource group is similar to that for a port.
Generally, congestion thresholds only need to be set for a port or resource group. If different
types of AAL2 paths or IP paths require different congestion thresholds, the parameters for the
paths are set as required.
If a VP or LP is configured, congestion control is also applied to the VP or LP, and the
congestion control mechanism is the same as that of a resource group.
3.11.2 Congestion Handling on the Iub Interface
If congestion is detected when NodeB LDC algorithm switch is set to IUB_LDR-1, the RNC
triggers the load reshuffling process after receiving the congestion alarm messages.

The congestion alarm only indicates limited bandwidth; it does not indicate that no users can connect to
the network.
If NodeB LDC algorithm switch is set to IUB_LDR-1, you should run the ADD NODEBLDR
command to add NodeB LDR algorithm parameters.
For details about the load reshuffling process, refer to Load Reshuffling.
Congestion on other interface is described:

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Congestion detected on the Iur interface may trigger the SRNS relocation. For details,
refer to Basic Types of SRNS Relocation.

During flow control on Iu signaling, when congestion is detected on the signaling link
towards a signaling point, the congestion status is reported to the RANAP subsystem.
Then, the RANAP subsystem starts to discard user messages for services in the
following order: short message > CS and PS call establishment > registration.

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4-1
4 TRM Reference Documents
TRM Reference Documents lists the reference documents related to the feature.
ITU-T Recommendation I.361: B-ISDN AT

M Layer Specification
tation layer specification: Type 2 AAL

g for ATM (IMA) Specification Version 1.1
ides a standard method for

RFC3153: PPP Multiplexing (PPPmux)

RFC894: Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over Ethernet Networks

RFC1042: A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over IEEE 802 Networks

ITU-T Recommendation I.363.2: ATM Adap

ITU-T Recommendation I.366.1: Segmentation and Reassembly Service Specific
Convergence Sublayer for the AAL type 2
AF-TM-0121.000: Traffic Management 4.1

AF-PHY-0086.001: Inverse Multiplexin

RFC1661: The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), prov
transporting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links

RFC1662: PPP in HDLC-link Framing

RFC1990: The PPP Multilink Protocol (ML-PPP)

RFC2686: The Multi-Class Extension to Multi-link PPP (MC-PPP)

Transmission Resource Management Description (2008!05!30)

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