This article will describe successful utilization of an agitator tool with a custom designed e-line bypass that helps the CT maximize the coverage of the horizontal section for logging purposes. The tool was trial tested in an extended reach horizontal well, with a TD of 12,118 ft. It was trial tested while the well was flowing at a restricted rate, which maximized the reach to the TD and reduced the friction coefficient by around 26%.
This article will describe successful utilization of an agitator tool with a custom designed e-line bypass that helps the CT maximize the coverage of the horizontal section for logging purposes. The tool was trial tested in an extended reach horizontal well, with a TD of 12,118 ft. It was trial tested while the well was flowing at a restricted rate, which maximized the reach to the TD and reduced the friction coefficient by around 26%.
This article will describe successful utilization of an agitator tool with a custom designed e-line bypass that helps the CT maximize the coverage of the horizontal section for logging purposes. The tool was trial tested in an extended reach horizontal well, with a TD of 12,118 ft. It was trial tested while the well was flowing at a restricted rate, which maximized the reach to the TD and reduced the friction coefficient by around 26%.
The implementation of extended reach horizontal wells in
Saudi Arabia, in the southern area of the Ghawar field in particular, is being increased for production and cost optimization. Logging these wells is a challenge, as the production profile of a horizontal section cannot be entirely recorded with conventional coiled tubing (CT). This is mainly because of friction forces between the CT and the wellbore, which cause the CT to lockup significantly shallower than the total depth (TD). Even with the availability of a limited technique, such as a metal to metal friction reducer, it was found that the CT reach cannot be maximized effectively. This article will describe successful utilization of an agitator tool with a custom designed e-line bypass that helps the CT maximize the coverage of the horizontal section for logging purposes. The agitator tool was incorporated into the Production Logging Tool (PLT) and bottom-hole assembly (BHA). It was activated by pumping. It caused the CT string to vibrate and subsequently reduce the friction contact between the CT and the wellbore to allow the CT to run beyond the normal lockup depth. The tool was trial tested in an extended reach horizontal well, with a TD of 12,118 ft. The simulator showed a predicted lock at 10,400 ft while a dummy run locked up at 10,800 ft without activating the agitator. The e-line agitator was activated while the well was flowing at a restricted rate, which maximized the reach to the TD and reduced the friction coefficient by around 26%. Different conditions and parameters were applied to understand the best performance of the e-line agitator tool. The implementation of the e-line agitator resulted in extending the reach of the CT by an additional 1,300 ft and reaching TD. This additional reach was significant, as the last part of the horizontal section was contributing water. The production log has been reviewed and shows acceptable measurements. This article will cover the whole cycle of candidate selection, job design, execution, post job evaluation, lessons learned and conclusion. INTRODUCTION Drilling strategy has shifted from vertical to horizontal wells at most oil fields in Saudi Arabia due to their proven advantages in optimizing production and cost. Even the existing vertical wells are being converted to horizontal to prolong their life, improve their productivity index and delay water encroachment. Furthermore, the drilling strategy is being developed by drilling more complex wells, such as extended reach horizontal wells, to maximize reservoir contact. These types of wells are widely implemented in Saudi Arabia, particularly in the Haradh area, which is located at the southern part of the giant Ghawar field. The extended reach horizontal well can be defined as a well with a measured depth (MD) to true vertical depth (TVD) ratio that is equal to or greater than 2 MD/TVD 1, 2 . For this particular field, the horizontal well can be considered an extended reach when its horizontal section is equal to or more than 6,000 ft. These wells are a challenge for most of the rigless well inter - vention operations, such as acid treatment and logging, which use conventional coiled tubing (CT). The challenge comes from the CTs inability to cover the entire long horizontal section. Due to well architecture, the most common CT size is 2, while sometimes 2 3 8 CT is utilized when possible. The limitation of CT in long horizontal wells is that it locks up shallower than total depth (TD). This is because the axial compressive/surface force (F s ) cannot overcome the axial bottom force (F b ) during the run in hole (RIH), caused by friction forces when the CT buckles into a helical shape 1 , Fig. 1. To reduce the impact of the friction contact, there are limited techniques that increase CT reach, such as a metal to metal friction reducer, and a CT tractor 3-5 . Application of a metal to metal friction reducer could extend the reach for a few hundred feet in this particular field, based on historical applications 3, 4 . On the other hand, while the CT tractor is a very good application for acid stimulation jobs, it is not currently applicable for logging operations. The agitator tool offers an alternative technique that can be activated hydraulically from the surface by pumping water. The main function of an agitator is to create vibrations that reduce the surface contact of the CT string with the wellbore. This type of motion creates a significant reduction in friction force acting against the CT string while RIH and delays the helical buckling accordingly. So far, the agitator has been utilized only for treatment purposes at formations with various friction coefficient (FC) values, which showed reasonable results. It was not applicable for the logging operation, as the wireline needs to bypass the 60 SPRING 2010 SAUDI ARAMCO JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY Maximizing Coiled Tubing Reach during Logging of Extended Horizontal Wells Using E-line Agitator Authors: Muhammad H. Al-Buali, Alla A. Dashash, Alaa S. Shawly, Walid K. Al-Guraini, Saad M. Al-Driweesh, Vsevolod Bugrov and Scott Nicoll agitator to reach the bottom-hole assembly (BHA) and surveillance tool. This was always a concern from oil companies to service providers, to enhance services by providing an adequate tool, which would act as an agitator during the logging operation. Reaching TD while logging is very important, as it was noted from the previous logs that a significant amount of water and oil is produced from the last segment of the horizontal section. In response, a custom designed e-line bypass agitator tool was provided for testing. This article will shed light on trial testing the tool, which was imple mented in one of the extended reach horizontal wells in the Haradh field. E-LINE AGITATOR DESCRIPTION AND MECHANISM The agitator consists of a Positive Displacement Motor (PDM) section, with an upper valve plate attached to the rotor, Fig. 2. The plate has an eccentric hole, and flow is directed through this hole. The rotor causes the plate to oscillate when flow passes through the tool. This plate moves above a static plate with a hole. The oscillating plate changes the flow area and creates pressure pulses that excite the CT to vibrate and break static friction, Fig. 3. The pressure pulse amplitude is directly related to the flow rate and the weight of the fluid being pumped 6 . The agitator has been modified to allow the e-line wire to bypass it to the BHA. The e-line bypass consists of: A top sub that screws into the upper bulkhead, and connects to the upper BHA. The upper bulkhead that houses the packing stack element and is also used to anchor the wireline when required. The wireline, which runs in the annulus between the agitator and the outer sleeve. The downhole agitator. The lower bulkhead that returns the wireline back into the flow path. The bottom sub that also retains the sleeve and connects to the lower BHA, Fig. 4. CASE COMPLETION AND HISTORY Well A was drilled as an extended reach horizontal well across a carbonate formation in the Haradh area. The 6 1 8 open hole was drilled to a TD of 12,118 ft MD at around 6,090 ft TVD SAUDI ARAMCO JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY SPRING 2010 61 Fig. 1. Axial surface force vs. axial bottom force. Fig. 4. E-line agitator schematic. Fig. 2. Agitator cross section. Fig. 3. The impact of the flow rate area on pressure. 62 SPRING 2010 SAUDI ARAMCO JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY temperature, gamma ray, casing casing locator (CCL), X - Y caliper, fluid hold-up, full bore spinner (FBS) and fluid flow logging tools and an approved tool for wet well production logging that could detect the water entry zone. The log was needed to decide on a remedial action to maintain well productivity. Logically, maintaining well productivity could be achieved with the utmost information gained from the wellbore. Based on that, different remedial action techniques can be applied depending on the identified water production zones (heel, middle or toe). It was expected that water was being produced from the bottom zone (toe); trajectory and azimuth values also indicated that the well was drilled toward the injection boundary. Accordingly, the objective of the job was to convey the logging tool to the TD to capture the flow profile across the entire horizontal section. WELL INTERVENTION SIMULATION It is a common practice to run well intervention simulations for most of the CT intervention jobs to establish the CT reach and the CT working limit so that the CT size can be determined. Each service provider has its own software, and results will depend on the reliability of the entered data. The simulation predicted a lockup depth, in the case of 2 CT based on actual field data. The most important parameter considered was the open hole FC during CT RIH. The proposed FC values of 0.43 and 0.4 represented the worst and best case scenarios, respectfully. Both simulations showed that an early lockup depth would occur at 9,980 ft MD and 10,485 ft MD, respectively, Fig. 6. Additionally, the simulator was then utilized to predict a 2 3 8 CT lockup, which showed a minor advantage. Finally, the simulator was utilized to predict the lockup of the 2 and 2 3 8 CT with the help of an agitator, which showed a complete reach to the TD, Fig. 7. CHALLENGES The main objective of this job was to reach TD and collect high quality data. Although operations have had very good experience in deploying the agitator for acid stimulation purposes, use of this tool in a logging operation presented additional challenges. These are due to the following: with a maximum dogleg severity of 7 degrees/100 ft. The first kickoff point (KOP) is started from 4,600 ft MD while the second KOP is started from 5,803 ft MD. The 7 liner was set at 6,768 ft MD while the end of tubing (EOT) depth is 6,929 ft MD. The well was completed with a 7 big bore packer and 4 tubing with a minimum restriction of 3.725, Fig. 5. Initially, the well produced dry oil at a restricted choke setting. Almost two years later, the well started to cut water, which gradually increased even with more restriction. Several surface production tests and collected wellhead sample results showed that the water production had increased up to 8% water cut while salt concentration was more than 1,500 pounds per thousand barrels (PTB). OBJECTIVE A production log was required to record the production profile of the horizontal section and detect the water entry zone. The logging tools that needed to be run were pressure, Fig. 5. Well A cross section schematic. Fig. 6. Simulator results without agitator. Killing the Well In acid stimulation jobs, the agitator is activated using water as it makes it perform aggressively. Consequently, during logging operations, pumping a large volume of water in the well could cease the well to flow, so no measurements could be obtained during flowing passes. Even the log during shut-in condition would not be representative as the well would be overbalanced. Snubbing Force RIH during logging operations is not only at shut-in condition, as is the case with acid stimulation. The well needs to be flowed during RIH for better logging measurement. This adds another force against the CT, along with friction contact force, which is known as a snubbing force. Accordingly, this force will alleviate the agitator performance and it is expected that the CT will lockup at a shallower point during flowing condition than at a shut-in condition. Maintaining CT Optimum Speed As per the experience with acid stimulation jobs, the CT is run at very low speed, which could not be kept constant based on the agitator and CT weight performance. This conflicts with the common practice during logging operation, which requires RIH while maintaining the optimum running speed for reliability of the logging measurement. Pumped Volume The pumped fluid volume to activate the agitator is always a challenge due to cost and logistics. JOB PLANNING Several discussions were held with a multidisciplinary team involving production engineers, a logging company, a CT company and an agitator service provider to determine an effective logging design to enable reaching TD while ensuring logging effectiveness at an optimized cost. First, it was decided to utilize a 2 CT rather than 2 3 8, as the simulator indicated the 2 CT could reach TD with the help of an agitator tool, to optimize the operational cost. The second decision was to deploy a 3 1 4 e-line agitator, based on the given parameters. The above challenges were thoroughly discussed and a group of mitigation solutions was formulated. Regarding the first challenge, it was agreed to pump diesel rather than water since it has a lower density. This would make only a small difference in the optimum performance of the tool, which could be compensated for by a higher pumping rate. Water would be utilized during the function test only for environmental and safety considerations. Concerning the second challenge, the team planned to flow the well at a restricted rate to reduce the impact of the high flow. If this case was successful, it was decided to run it again at a higher rate to understand the agitator performance, as well as the reduced back pressure resulting from choke restriction to detect if there is water coning. In addition, the team agreed to activate the tool before lockup, with the goal of preventing early helical buckling. Historically, the agitator was activated at the CT lockup depth so the CT could be run deeper just for a few hundred feet of distance 4 . The short extended reach distance is because the CT had already helically buckled, and subsequently, it was difficult for the agitator to perform as expected. About the pumped volume challenge, early pumping of diesel to TD would require allocating a big volume on location to cover the desired interval. The same volume would be needed for the second run at a higher rate and during shut- in condition. The required volume would depend on the pumping rate and speed of the CT. Accordingly, the estimated cumulative required diesel was around 32,000 gallons. Consequently, a plan was devised to activate the tool at the minimum required rate and then gradually increase it to the optimum activation rate to optimize the volume. JOB EXECUTION The main description of the job execution sequence is as follows: 1. Pre-job requirements were met and a safety meeting with all involved personnel was held on location. 2. A 2 CT, blowout preventer (BOP), kill lines, etc., were rigged up. The logging head tool was connected to the CT end. 3. Pressure tests were conducted as per Saudi Aramco requirements. 4. A 3 1 4 e-line agitator was connected and then function tested. All rates and pressure values were recorded while the optimum pumping rate was verified, Table 1. 5. A 36 ft dummy tool, equivalent to the actual logging tools dimension, was hooked up to the e-line agitator. 6. The CT with the dummy tool was RIH while the well was shut-in to ensure tool accessibility through minimum restriction and to ensure no obstruction would be encountered. At this stage, the e-line agitator was not SAUDI ARAMCO JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY SPRING 2010 63 Fig. 7. Simulator results with agitator. 64 SPRING 2010 SAUDI ARAMCO JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY indicate any slack off signs of hitting any mechanical obstructions, which confirmed lockup occurrence. This dummy run was representative of lockup depth during the actual logging run as the difference between the dummy run and logging run was the BHA. Figure 8 also illustrates the actual weight encountered in the job; the blue line indicates the RIH simulated weight. After completing the first run, the FC value of the open hole was updated to accurately match the simulation to the actual weight. Since the CT locked up during RIH in the open hole, the original FC (0.43 or 0.4) of the open hole was not estimated accurately. Consequently, by extrapolating from the trend obtained at the beginning of the open hole, the original FC in the open hole was estimated to be 0.38; therefore the lockup depth would have been at 10,800 ft. Weight fluctuations before the lockup point are common and can be explained by the shape of the CT string inside the wellbore. First, the CT string takes a sinusoidal shape, and when friction force exceeds a certain value (helical buckling load), the CT becomes helically buckled and the contact area between the CT surface and wellbore walls significantly increases. Still, the CT string has a movement momentum which allows it to penetrate deeper, but at the lockup point, the friction force exceeds the CT weight, and the CT becomes compressed and cannot be pushed deeper. Logging Run at Flowing Condition and Restricted Rate In this stage, the CT was run with the logging tool while the well was flowing at a restricted rate to record the flow profile. The CCL was part of the logging tool as it is necessary for the logging operation to determine accurate flow zone depths. The e-line agitator was activated by pumping diesel, starting from 45 degrees of the wells inclination. The volume of pumped diesel was approximately 8,000 gallons at 1.0 barrel per minute (bbl/min). Figure 9 shows the CT reached the TD at an optimum speed of 25 ft/min while the entire open hole section was logged. Figure 10 shows the actual weight encountered in the job; the blue line indicates the RIH simulated weight. The FC in the open hole was calculated to match the lockup depth while keeping the same FC in the tubing. It was found that only when the FC is decreased to 0.28, is CT able to reach that depth. As a result, the FC was decreased by 26% from 0.38 to 0.28, assuming the agitator had an effect on the open hole activated to determine the actual lockup depth, if it were to occur. After that, the CT was pulled out of hole (POOH). 7. On the surface, the dummy tool was disassembled and replaced by actual logging tools. 8. Meanwhile, the well was lined up to the surface test trap to be tested during the flowing passes to ensure data quality. 9. The CT was RIH while the well was flowing at a stabilized condition of a restricted rate. The agitator was activated using diesel, starting from 45 degrees of the wells inclination, and then the well was logged down and up. 10. The CT was RIH again while the well was flowing at a stabilized higher rate. The agitator was activated using diesel, starting from 45 degrees of the wells inclination, and then the well was logged again down and up. 11. With the well shut-in, the CT was RIH and the well was logged down and up. 12. The CT was POOH, and the logging tools and e-line agitator were visually inspected. RESULTS The operation was conducted safely and successfully for a period of five consecutive days. The results were encouraging and showed that the agitator was functioning within an acceptable performance. The main results that were achieved are summarized here. Dummy Run at Shut-in Condition In this case, the dummy tool was run along with CCL to correlate the depth and ensure an accurate lockup point. The CT passed through all minimum restrictions while no mechanical obstruction was encountered. The CT was run without activating the e-line agitator until it reached a depth of around 10,800 ft, which was shallower than TD by almost 1,300 ft, Fig. 8. The tension sub and CT weight did not Table 1. Function test results using water Flow Rate Circulating Remarks (bbl/min) Pressure (psi) 0.5 700 CT Vibrates 0.8 1,300 CT Vibrates Aggressively Fig. 8. Simulated vs. actual CT weight during shut-in conditions without agitator. Fig. 9. Major operation parameters of the first logging run at a restricted rate. section only. This value can even be lower as the weight indicator trend is constant and indicates that even if the open hole is deeper than TD, the CT still can RIH deeper in the open hole with the help of the agitator tool. 2 nd Logging Run at Flowing Condition and Higher Rate The CT was run with the logging tool for the second time while the well was flowing at a higher rate. The e-line agitator was activated by pumping around 1.0 bbl/min of diesel starting from 45 degrees of the wells inclination. Figure 11 shows the CT reached a depth of 11,090 ft at fluctuating speed. The volume of pumped diesel was approximately 22,000 gallons at 1.0 bbl/min due to speed fluctuation. Figure 12 shows the FC in the open hole was calculated to match the lockup depth while keeping the same FC in the tubing. As a result, the FC wasnt decreased and stayed at 0.38, assuming the agitator had an effect on the open hole section only. The weight indicator trend was difficult to maintain, due to snubbing forces against the CT and the agitator that resulted from a high flow rate. The CT speed of 25 ft/min could not be maintained while pumping 1.0 bbl/min. Logging Run at Shut-in Condition After completing the flowing passes, the well was shut-in until it got stabilized. Before the start of this run, it was noticed that the diesel volume might not be sufficient to go all the way to TD. A decision was made to go ahead with the current volume and activated the agitator, if needed, starting at the lockup depth. Figure 13 shows the CT reached a maximum depth of 12,000 ft, which is 1,000 ft deeper than the dummy run lockup depth. Taking into account the same friction coefficient value as for the dummy run, deeper reach of the CT can be explained by pull tests, which were performed periodically during RIH. This allowed the removal of accumulated buckling from the CT string while POOH. LOGGING RESULTS The production profile of the open hole was successfully recorded during the three runs. The logging measurements were properly recorded, and the CT vibration or pumping did not adversely affect the results. Figure 14 shows that the water was produced from the last segment of the open hole. In addition, the log shows the wells complicated geometry, which could be overcome by the agitators performance at flowing condition. LESSONS LEARNED This job has added to the experience of performing a logging operation using CT with help of an agitator. The main lessons learned were: Early activation of the agitator will help delay the helical buckling and extend the CT reach effectively, even when the well is flowing. This procedure is better than activating the agitator at the lockup point or POOH for a short distance and then activating it. SAUDI ARAMCO JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY SPRING 2010 65 Fig. 10. Simulated vs. actual CT weight during the first flowing condition at a restricted rate. Fig. 12. Simulated vs. actual CT weight during second flowing condition at a higher rate. Fig. 11. Major operation parameters of the second logging run at a higher rate. Fig. 13. Major operation parameters during shut-in condition. 66 SPRING 2010 SAUDI ARAMCO JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY all personnel who participated by providing engineering and operational support during the logging design, execution and evaluation. REFERENCES 1. Bhalla, K.: Coiled Tubing Extended Reach Technology, SPE paper 30404, presented at the Offshore Europe Conference, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, September 5-8, 1995. 2. Beheiri, F.I., Saudi, M.M., Metwally, S.A., et al.: Optimization of Coiled Tubing Interventions to Stimulate Extended Reach Water Injection Wells in a Field in Saudi Arabia, SPE paper 116843, presented at the Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E., November 3-6, 2008. 3. Beheiri, F.I., Al-Mubairik, A.J., Al-Mulhim, A.K., Al- Meshal, F.M., Noguera, J. and Sierra, L.: Optimization of Coiled Tubing Interventions on Extended Reach Open Hole Completions in a Field in Saudi Arabia, SPE paper 116845, presented at the SPE Russian Oil and Gas Technical Conference and Exhibition, Moscow, Russia, October 28-30, 2008. 4. Nasr-El-Din, H.A., Arnaout, I.H., Chesson, J.B. and Cawiezel, K.: Novel Techniques for Improved CT Access and Stimulation in an Extended Reach Well, SPE paper 94044, presented at the SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, Texas, April 12-13, 2005. 5. Al Shehri, A.M., Al-Driweesh, S.M., Al Omari, M. and Al Sarakbi, S.: Case History: Application of Coiled Tubing Tractor to Acid Stimulate Open Hole Extended Reach Power Water Injector Well, SPE paper 110382, presented at the Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Jakarta, Indonesia, October 30 - November 1, 2007. 6. Tongs, T., Hinrichs, A., Spickett, R. and Robertson, L.: Ultra Deep Extended Reach Stimulations, SPE paper 106874, presented at the SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing and Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, Texas, March 20-21, 2007. Based on the results during the flowing passes, we recommend flowing the well at a restricted rate to record the flow profile while RIH. If the well must be produced at a very high rate or a wide choke setting, then the agitator can be utilized while the well is restricted or shut-in until the CT reaches TD or locks up at maximum reachable depth. After that, the choke is readjusted to the desired wide setting and wait for stabilization before recording up pass only. Diesel is an effective fluid to be utilized for the agitator activation in logging operations or during treatment jobs in wells with relatively low reservoir pressure. A combination of frequent POOH and agitator activation could help the CT get deeper, especially in long extended reach horizontal wells. CONCLUSIONS 1. The e-line bypass agitator tool can be effectively custom designed, and it can convey the wire from the end of the CT to the well surveillance tool without causing mechanical damage or interrupting the transferred data when vibrating. 2. The e-line agitator helps reduce the open hole FC by at least 26%. 3. The e-line bypass agitator is recommended for logging operations in extended reach wells. 4. The performance of the agitator could be enhanced by implementing the above lessons learned. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to thank Saudi Aramco, Schlumberger and NOV Andergauge management for their support and permission to present the information contained in this article. Also, we would like to extend our sincere appreciation to Hamad Al-Marri and Turki Al-Saadoun for their administrative support. Additionally, we would like to thank Fig. 14. Log results at a restricted rate. SAUDI ARAMCO JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY SPRING 2010 67 Saad M. Al-Driweesh is a Production Engineering General Supervisor in the Southern Area Production Engineering Department (SAPED), where he is involved in gas and oil production engineering, well completion and stimulation activities. He is mainly interested in the field of production engineering, production optimization and new well completion applications. In 1988, Saad received his B.S. degree in Petroleum Engineering from King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. He has been working with Saudi Aramco for the past 19 years in areas related to gas and oil production engineering. Vsevolod Bugrov received his M.S. degree in Petroleum Engineering in 2003 from the Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Moscow, Russia. After graduation he started his career with Schlumberger as a Coiled Tubing Engineer. He has 6 years of experience in well intervention and stimulation services, including various applications of coiled tubing in arctic and desert conditions. Currently, he works in Udhailiyah providing technical support for the Southern Area Production Engineering Department (SAPED) Coiled Tubing operations. Scott Nicoll is a Technical Support Engineer specializing in Intervention and Coiled Tubing. After completing a Modern Apprenticeship in Mechanical Engineering in 2002, he became an Aircraft Technician. In 2004, Scott moved into the manufacture and repair of Rolls Royce offshore gas turbines. In 2005, he joined NOV Downhole (formerly Andergauge), and rapidly advanced to become a Specialist in intervention and coiled tubing. BIOGRAPHIES Muhammad H. Al-Buali joined Saudi Aramco in 2002. He is a Petroleum Engineer working in the Southern Area Production Engineering Department (SAPED). Muhammad has 7 years of experience, mainly in production optimization and well intervention. In 2002, he received his B.S. degree in Applied Chemical Engineering from King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Alla A. Dashash is a Supervisor in the Southern Area Production Engineering Department (SAPED). He joined SAPED as a Production Engineer in 2003 where he worked in several areas of the giant Ghawar field. In 2008 he joined the Udhailiyah Reservoir Management Division for a one year developmental assignment. Alla is an active member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) and has several published technical papers. He is also a member of the Young Professionals SPE team in Saudi Arabia. In 2003 Alla received his B.S. degree in Petroleum Engineering from Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA. Alaa S. Shawly is a PDP Production Engineer in the Southern Area Production Engineering Department (SAPED). Prior to joining Saudi Aramco in 2006, he worked as a summer trainee with the Ain Dar and Shedgum Unit of the Reservoir Management Department for 8 weeks from July through August 2004. Alaa has 3 years of experience, mainly in acid stimulation and well intervention. He received his B.S. degree in Petroleum Engineering from King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia in 2006. Walid K. Al-Guraini is a Petroleum Engineer working in the Southern Area Production Engineering Department (SAPED). He joined Saudi Aramco in February 1997, working in the Development Drilling Department. Walid has 13 years of experience, mainly in drilling operations, production optimization and well intervention. He received his B.S. degree in 1996 in Chemical Engineering from King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.