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TEMA:
DISEO DE VIGUETAS
ALUMNO
CURSO
DOCENTE
AO
IX CICLO
SECCIN
PERU
2014
DEDICATORIA
El presente trabajo est
dedicado a mis padres y
docentes, quienes son las
personas que me ayudan a
salir adelante en mi vida
profesional.
DISEO DE VIGUETAS
Considrese un techo con viguetas de madera como se muestra en la figura N 1. La
cobertura es de asbesto cemento con cielo raso (entablado) apoyado sobre correas de
madera y con una sobrecarga de 50 kg/m2.
SOLUCION
1. BASES DE CALCULO
A) Se usar madera de grupo B, en estado seco (CH < 30 %)
B) Para la evaluacin de las cargas de peso propio se supone viguetas de 4 cm x 9 cm,
espaciadas a 0.60m.
12.7 kg/m2
13 kg/m2
2 kg/m2
Wd
27.7 kg/m2
SOBRECARGA (Ws/c)
50 kg/m2
77.7 kg/m2
C) Deflexiones admisibles
TABLA 8.1 DEFLEXIONES MXIMAS ADMISIBLES
CARGA ACTUANTE
L/300
L/350
L/250
L/350
De la tabla se tiene:
-
D) Consideraciones de apoyo
La vigueta simplemente apoyada, luz = 4.50 m y espaciamiento de 0.60m.
Luz de clculo ser la luz libre = 4.40 m.
2. EFECTOS MAXIMOS
Wd + W s/c
77.7 kg/m2
WxS
46.62 kg/m2
Wd x S
16.62 kg/m2
Ws/c x S
MOMENTO MAXIMO
CORTANTE MAXIMO
30 kg/m2
Mmax= WL/8
Vmax = WL/2
188.034 kg-m
170.94 kg
GRUPO
Propiedades kg/cm2
E0.05 O Emin
95000
75000
55000
Epromedio
130000
100000
90000
fm *
210
150
100
fc
145
110
80
fc1
40
28
15
fv *
15
12
ft
145
105
75
E prom
100000
kg/cm2
fm
165
kg/cm2
fv
13.2
kg/cm2
fc1
28
kg/cm2
max = (5/384)*(WL/EI)
max = (1/185)*(WL/EI)
Desarrollando:
= (5/384)*(WL/EI) < L/K
Despejando I tenemos:
I > (5/384)*(WLK/E)
Para considerar las deformaciones diferidas al calcular el momento de inercia
necesario por deflexiones, es posible usar directamente la formula anterior
utilizando una carga equivalente como la siguiente:
Wequivalente = 1.8 Wd + Ws/c
59.916 kg/ml
NOTA IMPORTANTE:
|m| = |M|c / I = |M| / Z < fm
I = bh/12
C = h/2
z = bh/6
Resistencia a la flexin
= M/2 < 1.1 x fm
L= h ((4b x 1.1fm)/3W)
b) para sobrecarga
1993.7049
cm4
Para la sobrecarga:
1164.625
cm4
113.96 cm3
Z=
113.96 cm3
<
Z(4x19)=
240.6 cm3
I=
1993.7049 cm3
<
I(4x19)=
2286.3 cm3
Vh= V max - (W x h)
Vmax=
170.94 kg
46.62 kg/ml
h=
19 cm
Vh= 162.0822 kg
3.20 kg/cm2
3.20 kg/cm2
<
fv=
13.2 kg/cm2
h/b = 8 / 2 = 4
de la tabla 8.6 para una relacin h/b = 4 es necesaria la restriccin
del desplazamiento horizontal en los apoyos y mantener el elemento en
posicin por correas.
a > R / (b * fc1)
a > R / (b * fc1) =
1.55 cm
1.53 cm
CONCLUSION
ANEXOS
8.3 ESTABILIDAD
Las vigas, viguetas y elementos similares deben arriostrase adecuadamente para evitar el
pandeo lateral de las fibras en compresin.
Para elementos de seccin rectangular los requisitos de arriostramiento pueden
relacionarse con la relacin peralte a ancho, h/b. Se recomienda utilizar los siguientes
criterios empricos, basados en dimensiones comerciales de la seccin transversal.
Equivalente
Comercial
bxh
Pulg.
1.5 x 2
1.5 x 4
1.5 x 6.5
1.5 x 9
1.5 x 14
1.5 x 19
1.5 x 24
1.5 x 29
2x2
2x4
2 x 6.5
2x9
2 x 14
2 x 19
2 x 24
2 x 29
3x3
3x4
3 x 6.5
3x9
3/4 x 1
3/4 x 2
3/4 x 3
3/4 x 4
3/4 x 6
3/4 x 8
3/4 x 10
3/4 x 12
1x1
1x2
1x3
1x4
1x6
1x8
1 x 10
1 x 12
1 1/2 x 1 1/2
1 1/2 x 2
1 1/2 x 3
1 1/2 x 4
Eje X
rea Cm2
3.0
6.0
9.7
13.5
21.0
28.5
36.0
43.5
4.0
8.0
13.0
18.0
28.0
38.0
48.0
58.0
9.0
12.0
19.5
27.0
Eje Y
Ix
Cm4
Zx
Cm3
Iy
Cm4
Zy
Cm3
1.0
8.0
34.3
91.1
343.0
857.4
1728.0
3048.6
1.3
10.7
45.8
121.5
457.3
1143.2
2304.0
4064.8
6.7
16.0
68.6
182.2
1.0
4.0
10.6
20.2
49.0
90.2
144.0
210.2
1.3
5.3
14.1
27.0
65.3
120.3
192.0
280.3
4.5
8.0
21.1
40.5
0.6
1.1
1.8
2.5
3.9
5.3
6.7
8.1
1.3
2.7
4.3
6.0
9.3
12.7
16.0
19.3
6.7
9.0
14.6
20.2
0.7
1.5
2.4
3.3
5.2
7.1
9.0
10.9
1.3
2.6
4.3
6.0
9.3
12.6
16.0
19.3
4.5
6.0
97.5
13.5
m3 de
madera por
m (*)
m3 / m
0.00048
0.00097
0.00144
0.00193
0.00290
0.00387
0.00484
0.00580
0.00064
0.00130
0.00193
0.00257
0.00387
0.00517
0.00644
0.00774
0.00144
0.00193
0.00290
0.00387
Grupo
A
Kg/m
B
Kg/m
C
Kg/m
0.33
0.66
1.07
1.48
2.31
3.13
3.96
4.78
0.44
0.88
1.43
1.98
3.08
4.18
5.28
6.38
0.99
1.32
2.14
2.97
0.30
0.60
0.97
1.35
2.10
2.85
3.60
4.35
0.40
0.80
1.30
1.80
2.80
3.80
4.80
5.80
0.90
1.20
1.95
2.70
0.27
0.54
0.88
1.21
1.89
2.56
3.24
3.91
0.36
0.72
1.17
1.62
2.52
3.42
4.32
5.22
0.81
1.08
1.75
2.43
3 x 14
3 x 19
3 x 24
3 x 29
4x4
4 x 6.5
4x9
4 x 14
4 x 16.5
4 x 19
4 x 24
4 x 29
5x5
5 x 6.5
5x9
5 x 14
5 x 16.5
5 x 19
5 x 24
5 x 29
6.5 x 6.5
6.5 x 9
6.5 x 14
6.5 x 16.5
6.5 x 19
6.5 x 24
1 1/2 x 6
1 1/2 x 8
1 1/2 x 10
1 1/2 x 12
2x2
2x3
2x4
2x6
2x7
2x8
2 x 10
2 x 12
2 1/2 x 2 1/2
2 1/2 x 3
2 1/2 x 4
2 1/2 x 6
2 1/2 x 7
2 1/2 x 8
2 1/2 x 10
2 1/2 x 12
3x3
3x4
3x6
3x7
3x8
3 x 10
42.0
57.0
72.0
87.0
16.0
26.0
36.0
56.0
66.0
76.0
96.0
116.0
25.0
32.5
45.0
70.0
82.5
95.0
120.0
145.0
42.2
58.5
91.0
107.2
123.5
156.0
686.0
1714.7
3456.0
6097.3
21.3
91.5
243.0
914.6
1497.4
2286.3
4608.0
8129.7
52.1
114.4
303.7
1143.3
1871.7
2857.9
5760.0
10162.1
148.7
394.9
1486.3
2433.2
3715.3
7488.0
98.0
180.5
288.0
420.5
10.7
28.2
54.0
130.7
181.5
240.6
384.0
560.6
20.8
35.2
67.5
163.3
226.9
300.8
480.0
700.8
45.7
87.7
212.3
294.9
391.1
624.0
31.5
42.7
54.0
65.2
21.3
34.7
48.0
74.7
88.0
101.3
128.0
154.7
52.1
67.7
93.7
145.8
171.9
197.9
250.0
302.1
148.7
206.0
320.4
377.6
434.8
549.2
21.0
28.5
36.0
43.5
10.7
17.3
24.0
37.3
49.0
50.7
64.0
77.3
20.8
27.1
37.5
58.3
68.7
79.1
100.0
120.8
45.7
63.4
98.8
116.2
133.8
169.0
0.00580
0.00774
0.00967
0.01161
0.00257
0.00387
0.00517
0.00774
0.00904
0.01031
0.01291
0.01548
0.00404
0.00484
0.00644
0.00967
0.01128
0.01291
0.01612
0.01935
0.00580
0.00774
0.01161
0.01354
0.01548
0.01935
4.62
6.27
7.92
9.57
1.76
2.86
3.96
6.16
7.26
8.36
10.56
12.76
2.75
3.57
4.95
7.70
9.07
10.45
13.20
15.95
4.64
6.43
10.01
11.80
13.58
17.16
4.20
5.70
7.20
8.70
1.60
2.60
3.60
5.60
6.60
7.60
9.60
11.60
2.50
3.25
4.50
7.00
8.25
950.00
12.00
14.50
4.22
5.85
9.10
10.72
12.35
15.60
3.78
5.13
6.48
7.83
1.44
2.34
3.24
5.04
5.94
6.84
8.64
10.44
2.25
2.92
4.05
6.30
7.42
8.55
10.80
13.05
3.80
5.26
8.19
9.65
11.11
14.04
6.5 x 29
9x9
9 x 14
9 x 16.5
9 x 19
9 x 24
9 x 29
14 x 14
14 x 16.5
14 x 19
14 x 24
14 x 29
19 x 19
19 x 24
19 x 29
24 x 24
24 x 29
29 x 29
1.5 x 2
1.5 x 4
1.5 x 6.5
1.5 x 9
1.5 x 14
1.5 x 19
1.5 x 24
1.5 x 29
3 x 12
4x4
4x6
4x7
4x8
4 x 10
4 x 12
6x6
6x7
6x8
6 x 10
6 x 12
8x8
8 x 10
8 x 12
10 x 10
10 x 12
12 x 12
3/4 x 1
3/4 x 2
3/4 x 3
3/4 x 4
3/4 x 6
3/4 x 8
3/4 x 10
3/4 x 12
188.5
81.0
126.0
148.5
171.0
216.0
281.0
196.0
231.0
266.0
336.0
406.0
361.0
456.0
551.0
576.0
696.0
841.0
3.0
6.0
9.7
13.5
21.0
28.5
36.0
43.5
13210.7
546.7
2058.0
3361.1
5144.2
10368.0
18291.8
3201.3
5240.8
8002.2
16128.0
28453.8
10860.1
21888.0
38615.9
27648.0
48778.0
58940.0
1.0
8.0
34.3
91.1
343.0
857.4
1728.0
3048.6
911.1
121.5
294.0
408.3
541.5
864.0
1261.0
457.3
635.2
842.3
1344.0
1962.3
1143.2
1924.0
2663.2
2304.0
3364.0
4064.8
1.0
4.0
10.6
20.2
49.0
90.2
144.0
210.2
663.7
546.7
850.5
1002.4
1154.2
1458.0
1761.7
3201.3
3773.0
4344.7
5488.0
6631.3
10860.1
13718.0
16575.9
27648.0
33408.0
58940.1
0.6
1.1
1.8
2.5
3.9
5.3
6.7
8.1
204.2
121.5
189.0
222.7
256.5
324.0
391.5
457.3
539.0
620.6
784.0
947.0
1143.2
1444.0
1744.8
2304.0
2784.0
4064.8
0.7
1.5
2.4
3.3
5.2
7.1
9.0
10.9
0.02322
0.01031
0.01548
0.01808
0.02065
0.02579
0.03096
0.02322
0.02709
0.03096
0.03870
0.04646
0.03705
0.05161
0.06194
0.06428
0.07742
0.09288
0.00048
0.00097
0.00144
0.00193
0.00290
0.00387
0.00484
0.00580
20.73
8.91
1386.00
16.33
18.81
23.76
28.71
21.58
25.41
29.25
36.96
44.66
39.71
50.16
60.61
63.36
76.56
92.51
0.33
0.66
1.07
1.48
2.31
3.13
3.96
4.78
18.85
8.10
12.60
14.81
17.10
21.60
26.10
19.80
23.10
26.60
33.60
40.60
36.10
45.60
55.10
57.60
69.60
84.10
0.30
0.60
0.97
1.35
2.10
2.85
3.60
4.35
16.96
7.29
11.34
13.34
15.39
19.44
23.49
17.64
20.79
23.94
30.24
36.54
32.49
41.04
49.59
51.84
62.64
75.69
0.27
0.54
0.88
1.21
1.89
2.56
3.24
3.91
2x2
2x4
2 x 6.5
2x9
1x1
1x2
1x3
1x4
4.0
8.0
13.0
18.0
1.3
10.7
45.8
121.5
1.3
5.3
14.1
27.0
1.3
2.7
4.3
6.0
1.3
2.6
4.3
6.0
0.00064
0.00130
0.00193
0.00257
0.44
0.88
1.43
1.98
0.40
0.80
1.30
1.80
0.36
0.72
1.17
1.62
GRUPO
A
E0.05 Emin
95,000
75,000
55,000
Eprom
130,000
100,000
90,000
fm
210
150
100
fc
145
110
80
Fc1
40
28
15
fv
15
12
ft
145
105
75
2x3
2x4
2x6
2x7
GRUPO
Real
bxh
cm
4 x 6.5
4x9
4 x 14
4 x 16.5
ESPACIAMIENTO (Cm)
30
40
50
60
80
100
120
9.50
7.20
5.70
4.80
3.60
2.90
2.40
8.70
6.50
5.20
4.30
3.30
2.60
2.20
7.80
5.90
4.70
3.90
2.90
2.30
2.00
13.20
9.90
7.90
6.60
5.00
4.00
3.30
12.00
9.00
7.20
6.00
4.50
3.60
3.00
10.80
8.10
6.50
5.40
4.10
3.20
2.70
20.50
15.40
12.30
10.30
7.70
6.20
5.10
18.70
14.00
11.20
9.30
7.00
5.60
4.70
16.80
12.60
10.10
8.40
6.30
5.00
4.20
24.20
18.20
14.50
12.10
9.10
7.30
6.10
22.00
16.50
13.20
11.00
8.30
6.60
5.50
19.80
14.90
11.90
9.90
7.40
5.90
5.00
2x8
2 x 10
3x8
27.90
20.90
16.70
13.90
10.50
8.40
7.00
25.30
19.00
15.20
12.70
9.50
7.60
6.30
22.80
17.10
13.70
11.40
8.60
6.80
5.70
35.20
26.40
21.10
17.60
13.20
10.60
8.80
32.00
24.00
19.20
16.00
12.00
9.60
8.00
28.80
21.60
17.30
14.40
10.80
8.60
7.20
45.30
34.00
27.20
22.60
17.00
13.60
11.30
41.20
30.90
24.70
20.60
15.40
12.40
10.30
4 x 19
4 x 24
6.5 x 19
C
3 x 10
3 x 12
6.5 x 24
6.5 x 29
37.00
27.80
22.20
18.50
13.90
11.10
9.30
57.20
42.90
34.30
28.60
21.50
17.20
14.30
52.00
39.00
31.20
26.00
19.50
15.60
13.00
46.80
35.10
28.10
23.40
17.60
14.00
11.70
69.10
51.80
41.50
34.60
25.90
20.70
17.30
62.80
47.10
37.70
31.40
23.60
18.90
15.50
56.60
42.40
33.90
28.30
21.20
17.00
14.10
Kg/m3
13
35
25
30
100
15
3
25
30
30
9
13
17
80
70
80
70
160
67
55