Absolutism An absolute monarchy.

This is a type of government in which the

single monarch has the power to control the country/nation
without the threat of opposition or laws. This type of government
has been seen throughout history especially in the early 1600s
with King Louis XIV.
Agriculture
(Systematic)
Systematic Agriculture is the annual flow of rich mud allowed
plants previously gathered over wide areas to be seeded and
harvested by both men and women.
Aristocracy A system of government predominately governed by a small class of
privileged folk who are considered fit to rule ie. The more
intellectually superior (and rich). Many times aristocracy and an
oligarchy are confused due to the subjective nature of who is
superior and fit to rule. Aristocracies can be observed in France
during the 18
th
century. The result of this was the French
revolution.
Culture The art and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement
regarded collectively. OR the characteristics of a particular group of
people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine,
social habits, music and arts.
Bureaucracy A system composed of highly trained administrators hired full time
to perform administrative services and tasks. Bureaucracys have
been seen throughout history, especially in the forming of nation
states and are the foundations of corporations.
Totalitarian An ideology where all social, economic, and political powers are
centered in the government completely.
City-State A small independent state consisting of an urban center and the
surrounding agricultural territory. Can be seen in political form in
Mesopotamia, and Classical Greece.
Civilization A society that has a high level of culture and social organization
including organized government, job specialization, and a
organized system of belief. Ex. Mayan Civilizations, roman
civilization.
Culture
Diffusion
The spreading of ideas through contact such as trade or war. Ex.
When prisoners are taken and spared their lives they can
contribute to society such as introducing new ideas and customs. Or
when the English entered America and exchanged customs with the
Natives, but also other things like diseases and such.
Demography The science of vital and social statistics, as of the births, deaths,
diseases, marriages, etc., of populations.
Divine Right The justification of monarchy through the word of God.
Dynasty A succession of rulers of a country from the same family.
Empire A collection of nations or peoples ruled by a single authority,
usually a monarch, but can be other systems of government as well.
Epidemic The rapid spread of disease, affecting many people at the same time
and spreading from person to person.
Theocracy A government with religious figures in positions of political power
Globalization Broad process of global social, economic, and environmental change
that leads to an increasingly similar and integrated world
Indentured
Servant
A migrant to the British colonies in the Americas who paid for
passage by agreeing to work for a set term ranging from about 4-7
years.
Imperialism The complete control of a weaker nations social, economic, and
political life by a stronger nation.
Kingdom a state or government having a king or queen as its head.
Medieval Literally middle age a term that historians of Europe use for the
period ad?bc? 500-1500 signifying its intermediate point between
Greco/Roman ancient times and the Renaissance
Humanism Focus on humankind as center of intellectual and artistic
endeavor; method of study that emphasized the superiority of
classical forms over medieval styles, in particular to the study of
ancient language
Monotheism Belief in a single divine entity. Ex. The Jewish belief in Yahweh, one
god.
Monarchy A political system in which a country is ruled by a monarch (king).
Neolithic The period of the Stone Age it follows the Paleolithic period.
Nobility The noble, rich, powerful class or the body of nobles in a
country.
Nomad A person who belongs to a group of people who move from place to
place seasonally in search of food and water.
Oligarchy A political system in which the government is under the control of
the merchant class
Orthodoxy A branch of Christianity developed by the Byzantine Empire, after
its split from the Roman Empire. It spread throughout the eastern
Mediterranean and Russia
Papacy The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church of which
the pope is the head.
Renaissance Cultural and political movement in Western Europe; began in Italy
1400 CE, rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce;
combined art and literature with more secular views
Patriarchal Relating to a social system in which the father is the head of the
family
Nationalism Political ideology that stress peoples membership in a community
defined by a common culture and history as well as territory. Ex.
Nationalism as a force of unity during the Revolutionary War.
Polytheism The belief in many gods/goddesses
Paleolithic The period 750,000 BCE-10,000 BCE (Old stone age). A period of
time in human history characterized by the use of stone tools and
the use of hunting and gathering as a food source.
Primary Those that provide first-hand accounts of the events, practices, or
Source conditions you are researching Ex. Diary of Anne Frank
Revolution A dramatic change in ideas, practice, or government.
Rural Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the country, country life, or
country people
Scribe Men who had undergone the lengthy training required to be able to
read and write using hieroglyphics, or other early, writing systems.
Secondary
Source
Information that was created later by someone who did not
experience first-hand or participate in the events or conditions
youre researching.
Serf Farmers who were tied to the land during European feudalism.
They werent slaves because they could not be bought or sold. But
they couldnt leave the manor easily. They were given farm land in
exchange for service.
Secular Not bound by any religious faction
Coup detat The acting of overthrowing a government in favor of another,
usually through violent means
Nation State An independent state or country, A state whose territory
corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been
transformed into a nationality
Ethnocentric To look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own
culture
Urban A characteristic of the city life





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