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MMSE
= SA
0
(6)
where A
0
has to be obtained so that the MSE is minimized.
(7)
Hence, the linear MMSE estimator of H can be written as
(8)
3.4 RMMSE CHANNEL ESTIMATION
The MMSE channel estimator assumes the perfect knowledge of the matrix . This assumption may be unrealistic in
practical applications. Therefore, we relax it and simplify the MMSE estimator by using the matrix in lieu of in
where the parameter is adjusted to minimize the MSE.
We have that for any training matrix, the RMMSE channel estimator is given by
(9)
4. Differential Evolution Algorithm
The DE algorithm is a population based algorithm like genetic algorithms using the similar operators; crossover,
mutation and selection. The main difference in constructing better solutions is that genetic algorithms rely on crossover
while DE relies on mutation operation. This main operation is based on the differences of randomly sampled pairs of
solutions in the population.
The algorithm uses mutation operation as a search mechanism and selection operation to direct the search toward the
prospective regions in the search space. The DE algorithm also uses a non-uniform crossover that can take child vector
parameters from one parent more often than it does from others. By using the components of the existing population
members to construct trial vectors, the recombination (crossover) operator efficiently shuffles information about
successful combinations, enabling the search for a better solution space.
An optimization task consisting of D parameters can be represented by a D-dimensional vector. In DE, a population of
NP solution vectors is randomly created at the start. This population is successfully improved by applying mutation,
crossover and selection operators.
The main steps of the DE algorithm is given below:
Initialization
Evaluation
Repeat
Mutation
Recombination
Evaluation
Selection
Until (termination criteria are met)
IPASJ International Journal of Electronics & Communication (IIJEC)
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The evolution function is optimized by using this algorithm.
The Evolution Function =
5. Stimulation Results
For the MIMO-OFDM model a 4X4 antenna model is considered. By considering the no. of OFDM symbols as 128 and
no. of frames as 100.
Table.1 Parameters used for stimulation
Fig .1 The Comparison plot of all Channel estimation methods
Fig .2 The frequency plot of all Channel estimation methods
Parameter Values
Modulation Technique BPSK
No.of frames 100
No.of Receivers 4
No.of Subcarriers 128
No.of Training vectors 5/10/15
No.of Transmitters 4
Optimization Technique Differential Evolution
IPASJ International Journal of Electronics & Communication (IIJEC)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEC/IIJEC.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivatin........ Email: editoriijec@ipasj.org
Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2014 ISSN 2321-5984
Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2014 Page 13
Fig .3 Comparison of Optimized estimation and MMSE,RMMSE
Fig .4 Comparison of DE algorithm by varying no.of generations
Fig .5 Comparison of DE algorithm by varying population size
6. Conclusion
The accuracy of the channel estimation techniques is improved by minimizing the cost function using the differential
evolution approach. The DE algorithm based optimization technique has less computational complexity which reduced
the time elapsed for the optimization of the evolution function. Further the Channel can be estimated accurately which
allows us to eliminate the noise added due to transmission through the channel which improves the voice clarity
through any channel.
IPASJ International Journal of Electronics & Communication (IIJEC)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEC/IIJEC.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivatin........ Email: editoriijec@ipasj.org
Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2014 ISSN 2321-5984
Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2014 Page 14
References
[1] K.Vidhya and Dr.K.R.Shankar Kumar, CHANNEL ESTIMATION OF MIMO-OFDM USING CUCKOO
SEARCH ALGORITHM in J ournal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20th September 2013.
Vol. 55 No.2
[2] M.P. Chitra and S.K. Srivatsa, "BER Analysis of Coded and Uncoded MIMO-OFDM System in Wireless
Communication", Indian Journal of Computer Science and Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 4, Dec 2010.
[3] Neetu Sood, Ajay K Sharma and Moin Uddin, "On Channel Estimation of OFDM-BPSK and -QPSK over
Nakagami-m Fading Channels", An International Journal (SPIJ), Vol. 4, pp: 239-246, 2010.
[4] M. Biguesh and A. B. Gershman, Training-based MIMO channel estimation: a study of estimator tradeoffs and
optimal training signals, in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 54, NO. 3, MARCH 2006.
[5] Marcello Cicerone, Osvaldo Simeone and Umberto Spagnolini, "Channel Estimation for MIMO-OFDM Systems
by Modal Analysis/Filtering", IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 54, No. 11, Nov 2006