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ONE LINER FACTS IN UMTS

UMTS stands for Universal Mobile Telecommunication System.
UMTS consists of Radio Access Network (RAN) and Core Network (CN).
The air-interface is based on full duplex channel bandwidth of 5 MHz.
The frequency reuse of 1 is allowed in UMTS.
Multiple access is based on WCDMA with a chip rate of 3.84 Mcps.
The control plane protocol stack is used to transfer signalling information.
The user plane protocol stack is used to transfer application data.
SRBs are the end to end logical connections between peer RRC entities.
Logical channels are used to transfer data between RLC and MAC layers.
Transport channels are used to transfer data between MAC and PHY layers.
For control plane signalling, 4 or 5 SRBs are supported.
TM and UM mode of RLC are uni-directional whereas AM mode of RLC is bi-directional.
SRB0 uses TM mode of RLC in uplink and UM mode of RLC in downlink.
SRB1 uses UM mode of RLC in both direction.
SRB2, SRB3 and SRB4 uses AM mode of RLC.
SRB0, SRB1, SRB2 are used for Access Stratum signalling messages.
SRB3 and SRB4 are used for Non Access Stratum signalling messages.
SRB3 used for low priority signalling.
SRB4 is optional and used for high priority signalling.
SRB0 is created during Cell Setup.
SRBs 1,2,3,4 are created during RRC Connection establishment.
SRB0 is mapped on RACH in UL and FACH in DL.
SRBs 1,2,3,4 are mapped on RACH in UL and FACH in DL when UE is in CELL FACH state.
SRBs 1,2,3,4 are mapped on on DCH or E-DCH in UL and DCH or HS-DSCH in DL.
RRC messages are encoded using unaligned PER ASN.1 specified by ITU-T recommendation X.691.
UE can be in RRC Ideal mode or Connected mode.
RRC Connected mode includes CELL DCH, CELL FACH, CELL PCH and URA PCH.
UE in RRC Idle mode are identified by their IMSI, TMSI or P-TMSI.
UE in RRC Connected mode are identified by U-RNTI, C-RNTI, H-RNTI or E-RNTI.
TM RLC is suitable for real time services like speech or video.
TM RLC doesn't add any header.
In RLC TM mode, complete SDU should be transmitted in the same TTI if segmentation is done.
In RLC TM mode, multiple SDU can be transferred in a single TTI if segmentation is not done to
higher layer packets.
TM RLC doesn't support ciphering.
For TM RLC, ciphering is done at MAC layer.
UM RLC is suitable for real time services where the packet size is not predictable e.g. VoIP.
UM RLC adds header of at least 1 byte.
AM RLC suitable for services where reliable data transfer is required e.g. file transfer, email etc.
AM RLC adds header of at least 2 bytes.
UM and AM support ciphering.
The physical layer is responsible for processing the transport blocks generated by the MAC layer and
subsequently using them to modulate RF carrier.
CRC bits are attached to allow error detection at the receiver after channel decoding.
Longer CRC bits means less probability of undetected errors.
Rate Matching used to match different SIR requirements of each transport channels.
Rate Matching improved efficiency when transferring multiple transport channel on a single physical
channel.
Rate Matching involves either repetition or puncturing.
In uplink, dynamic rate matching is used depending on transport format combination and spreading
factor.
In downlink, static rate matching is used irrespective of transport format combination.
Spreading is used to increase the bit rate to chip rate of 3.84 Mcps.
Chip sequences are known as channelization codes.
SRBs can be mapped either on RACH(UL)/FACH(DL) or DCH(UL)/DCH(DL) or EDCH(UL)/HS-
DSCH(DL).
HSDPA is introduced in the Release 5 version to increase throughput in DL.
RRC signalling can be transferred using parallel DPCH if HSDPA is configured only for user data.
HSDPA uses a fixed TTI of 2 ms.
Buffering is done at RNC in HSDPA unless NodeB schedules the HSDPA data of that UE.
HARQ is used as a re-transmission protocol between NodeB and UE.
RTWP is the Received Total Wideband Power and it's a measure of UL interference.
The value in the range -91 dbm to -102 dbm is acceptable value of RTWP.
If RTWP value is greater than RTWPthreshold, then CELL detects UL overload.
For UM and AM entities, ciphering is done at RLC whereas for TM entities, ciphering is done at
MAC.
In the RRC Connection Reject message, the RNC should include "RRC Redirection Info" if there is
inter-frequency or inter-system neighbours present.
During SRNS Relocation, if the both IU i.e CS and PS exist then the Relocation Preparation should be
triggered towards both domain i.e MSC and SGSN.
During Inter-system relocation towards GSM, if the both IU i.e CS and PS exist then the Relocation
Preparation should be triggered towards only one CN either circuit switched Cn or packet switched CN.
The measurement reports can be based on either path loss, CPICH RSCP or CPICH EcNo.
Event 1a, 1b and 1c is used for the Intra-freq measurement reports.
Event 1c indicates UTRAN to trigger intra-freq handover.
Event 2b, 2d, 2f is used for inter-freq measurement reports.
Event 2d indicates UTRAN to activate compressed mode for inter-system measurement as UE is in
cell edge area.
Event 2f indicates UTRAN to deactivate compressed mode as the current cell is strong enough.
Event 2b indicates UTRAN to trigger inter-frequency handover.
If the RNC decides to initiate the SRNS Relocation procedure, the RNC shall initiate simultaneously
a relocation preparation on all IU existing on the UE.