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FLOW LINE (FOR ISOTROPIC SOIL) FOR SHEET PILE & CONCRETE DAM

The Steps to Constructs Flow Line For The Soil Under Sheet Pile

Description Figure
1. Draw a cross section of
the diagram in
accordance with the
appropriate scale.
2. Start by planning a
number of flow lines are
drawn with the proposal
indicate how the number
of flow line.



3. Start sketching the first
flow line (HJ), followed
by the subsequent flow
lines, KL. Flow line should
be parallel to each other
line by line (nearby).



4. Then start sketch of
equipotential lines by
drawing equipotential
lines under the first sheet
pile.
5. Make sure each line of
intersection between line
flow and equipotential
lines make a square
corner.
6. Sketch the equipotential
lines to make sure every
other intersection
equipotential lines and
flow lines make a square
corner.

a)

b)


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HASPINA SULAIMAN (HAS)
7. If this sketch has met all
the required criteria,
complete the sketch
lines to make straight
lines as shown in figure.





The Steps to Constructs Flow Line For The Soil Under Concrete Dam



Draw a cross section of the diagram in accordance with the
appropriate scale.






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HASPINA SULAIMAN (HAS)

FLOW LINE FOR EARTH DAM

There are 2 types of earth dam on impermeable layer.











Earth dam with filter/horizontal drainage Earth dam with non-filter/surface overflow


The Steps Of Top Flow Line (TFL) For Impermeable Layer Earth Dam With Horizontal
Drainage/Filtered

Description Figure
1. Draw a cross section of
earth dams in accordance
with the appropriate scale.
2. Mark the points A, B, C, D, H
& S on the drawing paper.




3. Mark point G (G = 0.3HS).
4. Mark point F (focal point) in
the upper left of the
horizontal drainage (filter)
5. With GF as the radius and
the point G as a centre,
sketch a curve until it
intercept the waterline.
Extend down to get IE line
called directrix.
6. Mark a point O that lies
between E and F.






Horizontal drainage
with filter
No filter on the
end and water
are allowed to
seepage on the
surface overflow
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HASPINA SULAIMAN (HAS)


7. For the other points on the
parabola can be obtained
in the following way:
Draw a straight line
upward parallel with
the directrix through
any point and state as
x1, x2, x3 etc.
Take the distance from
x1 to directrix and point
F as the center, and
sketch the curve at x1
line. Mark the point as
A1. This point is called
parabolic point.
For other parabolic
points can be found in
the same way.



8. Joint the point-
counterpoint on the line
parabola until the point G.



9. Draw a perpendicular at
AB line to the point S as a
correction line for TFL and
joint the line of the original
parabola until point O.







10. Sketch of the other flow line
where the boundary of the
flow line from the O-F and
S-A only.



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HASPINA SULAIMAN (HAS)




11. Then draw the
equipotential lines.





The Steps Of Top Flow Line (TFL) For Impermeable Layer Earth Dam With Overflow Surface/Unfiltered

Description Figure
1. Draw a cross section of
earth dams in accordance
with the appropriate scale.
2. Mark the points A, B, C, D, H
& S on the drawing paper.



3. Mark point G (G = 0.3HS).
4. Mark point F (focal point),
where point F is equal with
point D.
5. With GF as the radius and
the point G as a centre,
sketch a curve until it
intercept the waterline.
Extend down to get IE line
called directrix.
6. Mark a point O that lies
between E and F.



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HASPINA SULAIMAN (HAS)
12. For the other points on the
parabola can be obtained
in the following way:
Draw a straight line
upward parallel with
the directrix through
any point and state as
y1, y2, y3 etc.
Take the distance from
y1 to directrix and point
F as the center, and
sketch the curve at y1
line. Mark the point as
A1. This point is called
parabolic point.
For other parabolic
points can be found in
the same way.



13. Get (a+a), from the point
of intersection curve up to
point F. Measure (a+a)
with a ruler as shown in
figure.
14. Determine the angle of
dam, and use the table
to make correction, and
then find the value of a.
Extend a line for a and get
the point M.



15. Draw a line from the point S
as a correction line for TFL
and joint the line of the
original parabola until point
M.


16. Sketch the others flow line
and equipotential line.
a)


b)
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