Test Bank

TEST BANK EARTH SCIENCE
1. What rock-forming process occurs when hot magma forces its way into rock?
regional metamorphism
biochemical sedimentation
contact metamorphism (correct answer, your response)
deposition

Feedback: Great job!

Points earned: 5 out of 5

2. Which type of plate boundary is shown in the diagram?

Divergent
Transform
Convergent (correct answer, your response)
Universal
3.
Feedback: Good job!


3. If granite undergoes high temperatures and high pressures at depth within Earth,
what type of rock will be formed? Assume that the granite does not melt.
magma
an igneous rock
a metamorphic rock (correct answer, your response)
a sedimentary rock
4.
Feedback: Great job!


4. Which image best represents the orbit of the Hubble Space Telescope compared to
the orbit of the Earth's Moon?

Image 1 (your response)
Image 2 (correct answer)
Image 3
Image 4
5.
Feedback: The Hubble is in geostationary orbit which is very close to the Earth
compared to the Moon.


5. As water evaporates from oceans, lakes, streams, and soil, it enters air as the
invisible gas ____________.

water vapor (correct answer, your response)
ozone
nitrogen
carbon dioxide
6.

6. ________ is a gas molecule that is made up of three oxygen atoms

water vapor
oxygen
carbon dioxide
ozone (correct answer, your response)
7.

7. What is the uneven breakage of a mineral called?
crystal form (your response)
cleavage
fracture (correct answer)
hardness
8.
Feedback: Maybe next time.


8. Transpiration ____________ the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere.

absorbs
increases (correct answer, your response)
decreases
limits
9.

9. Today's atmosphere contains less carbon dioxide than in 1957
True
False (correct answer, your response)
10.

10. Absolute age and relative age used to determine geologic age differ primarily
because____.

absolute age is a number while relative age is a comparison to surroundings.
(correct answer, your response)
relative age is far more accurate than absolute age.
index fossils are the main technique used to determine absolute age.
they do not actually differ because they are different names for the same thing.
11.

11. Human astronauts have landed on
the Moon with regularity since July 1969, but have not ventured farther.
Mars and the Moon, but have not returned since the late 1970's.
Mars in the late 1990's and the Moon in the late 1960's and early 1970's.

the Moon in the late 1960's and early 1970's, but have not returned. (correct
answer)
12.
Feedback: Man has not been to Mars and quit going to the Moon in the early 1970's.


12. The Law of Conservation of Energy states that when one form of energy is converted
into another
some amount of energy cannot be accounted for.
energy is created in the process.
no energy is lost in the process. (correct answer)
energy is lost in the process.
13.

13. is the atmospheric layer which is rich in ozone.(1)
stratosphere (correct answer)
troposphere
atmosphere
tropopause
14.

14. Which agent of metamorphism can cause the overall composition of the rock to
change?
a hydrothermal solution (correct answer)
pressure
running water
heat
15.


15. Temperature in the troposphere usually decreases with height but when the
temperature increases with height at this level it is called
a .(1)
temperature confusion
height inversion
temperature inflection
temperature inversion (correct answer)
16.

16. Two tombstones, located in the same cemetary approximately 10 meters apart, face
east. Tombstone A had dates cut into the rock in 1922. Tombstone B had dates cut
into the rock in 1892. Which statement best explains why the dates are more difficult
to read on Tombstone A than on Tombstone B?

Tombstone A contains minerals less resistant to weathering than Tombstone B
(correct answer)
Tombstone A has undergone a longer period of weathering than Tombstone B
Tombstone A has experienced cooler temperatures than Tombstone B
Tombstone A was exposed to less acid rain than Tombstone B
17.
Feedback: Only reasonable answer is tombstones are made of differnt minerals so
the weather at different rates.


17. If the need for copper becomes greater in the future then copper mining will
increase. One way for supplying this possible copper need without further depleting
the resource would be to
import copper from another country.
make copper in laboratories
recycle copper that is no longer used (correct answer)
outlaw the use of copper
18.
Feedback: Recycling is always a method to reduce depletion.


18. Most of the heat for contact metamorphism is supplied by ____.
deep burial within Earth
frictional heating along a fault
a nearby mass of magma (correct answer)
radioactive elements
19.


19. Which of the following minerals will fizz in contact with hydrochloric acid?
calcite (correct answer)
fluorite
quartz
gold
20.


20. The movement of tectonic plates is inferred by many scientists to be driven by.
tidal motions in the hydrosphere.
density differences in the troposphere.
convection currents in the asthenosphere. (correct answer)
solidification in the lithosphere
21.
Feedback: Heat in the mantle raises and the convestion current moves the plates.


21. In the nonliving portion of the water cycle, water vapor in the atmosphere condenses
and falls to the Earths surface as rain or snow. Some of this water seeps into the soil
and becomes part of the ________________
ground
surface water
ground water (correct answer)
rain water
22.

22. What determines the properties of a mineral?
structure and size
composition and structure (correct answer)
composition and age
size and shape
23.


23. The tendency of minerals to break along smooth flat surfaces is called ____.
streak
crystal form
cleavage (correct answer)
fracture
24.


24. Which of the following is true about rocks?
Coal is not considered a true rock.
Most rocks are a mixture of minerals. (correct answer)
Rocks are composed of only one mineral.
Rocks do not contain any non-mineral matter.
25.


25. The smallest particle of an element that still retains all the elements properties is
a(n) ____.
mineral
isotope
Compound
atom (correct answer)
26.


26. Carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere by each of the follow EXCEPT
burning fossil fuels.
decay of organic matter.
hydrogen fuel cells. (correct answer)
eruption of volcanoes.
27.
Feedback: Waste from fuel cells is simple water vapor.


27. Which of the following is NOT considered to be a rock?
coal
lava (correct answer)
sandstone
pumice
28.


28. Fossils are only found in ____.
foliated metamorphic rocks
sedimentary rocks (correct answer)
intrusive igneous rocks
nonfoliated metamorphic rocks
29.


29. The study of the ozone layer led to an agreement to limit the use of which
has led to a decrease in chlorine in the atmosphere.
EPA
CFC (correct answer)
DEA
VOC
30.

30. What determines whether a mineral will show cleavage or break in irregular
fractures?
Density
external shape
hardness
internal atomic structure (correct answer)
31.


31. According to Figure 3-2, a coarse-grained rock with angular fragments would be
classified as a ____.

breccia (correct answer)
conglomerate
sandstone
crystalline limestone
32.


32. Earths' atmosphere extends how far above the surface of the earth.(1)
0-25 km
100 km
1000 km (correct answer)
to the moon
33.

33. What are the two energy sources that are responsible for cycling matter through
living and non-living components on Earth?
Sun and Moon
Moon and tides
Earth's core and Moon
Earth's core and the Sun (correct answer)
34.
Feedback: Sun is obvious. Remember that even though the Moon provides energy
for the tides that is just water moving up and down. Deep sea life is being supported
by hot water vents from the Earth's core and the tectonic plates are being recycled
at subduction zones and we are talking about cycling living and non-living matter.


34. What is the smallest particle of a covalent compound that shows the properties of
that compound?
an atom
a molecule (correct answer)
an element
an ion
35.


35. Based on the image what is the atmospheric pressure at 10 Km approximately

1000 mb
100 mb
0 mb
300 mb (correct answer)
36.

36. A mineral that contains carbon, oxygen, and the metallic element magnesium would
be classified as a(n) ____.
silicate
oxide
carbonate (correct answer)
sulfate
37.


37. According to Figure 3-2, a clastic sedimentary rock with particles that are 1.5
millimeters in diameter would be classified as a ____.

conglomerate
coquina
sandstone (correct answer)
siltstone
38.


38. absorbs nearly all of the suns' ultraviolet radiation which is the
reason that the stratosphere's temperature increases with height. (1)
Ozone (correct answer)
SPF 40 sunblocker
Methane
Water vapor
39.

39. The most abundant element in Earths continental crust (by weight) is ____.
calcium
oxygen (correct answer)
iron
silicon
40.


40. The reason that the temperature in the stratosphere increases with height is that it is
closer to the sun.(1)
True
False (correct answer)
41.

41. Why can two igneous rocks have the same minerals but different names?
The rocks may be found in different areas.
The rocks may have different colors.
The rocks may be of different sizes.
The rocks may have different textures. (correct answer)
42.


42. Which of the following changes may occur during metamorphism?
Certain minerals may recrystallize.
The rock becomes more compact.
Crystals may grow larger.
all of the above (correct answer)
43.


43. Geothermal, wind, and solar are some of the energy resources which Georgia could
use to generate electricity. The benefits of their usage compared to other energy
sources is that these resources
are cheap to establish as the main source of electrical energy.
are constantly being replenished, renewable resources. (correct answer)
produce large amounts of carbon dioxide.
require very small amounts of land.
44.
Feedback: Renewable, replenished, recycle all good words.


44. A foliated metamorphic rock forms when crystals ____.
align themselves parallel to the direction of the forces acting on them
combine but do not form visible bands
combine and form visible bands (correct answer)
become less compact
45.


45. Sedimentary rocks with ripple marks suggest that the rocks formed ____.
along a beach or stream bed (correct answer)
when wet mud dried and shrank
from the shell fragments of ancient sea-dwelling animals
when ancient animals walked over them
46.


46. To which mineral group does orthoclase feldspar ( ) belong?
the oxides
the carbonates
the halides
the silicates (correct answer)
47.


47. The primary agent of contact metamorphism is ____.
flowing water
weathering
heat (correct answer)
extreme pressure
48.


48. An atom that loses or gains electrons is called a(n) ____.
isotope
ion (correct answer)
neutron
proton
49.


49. The appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral is called
____.
streak
color
cleavage
luster (correct answer)
50.


50. In the figure, what process or processes would be occurring in the part of the rock
cycle labeled E?

compaction and cementation (correct answer)
melting
cooling
weathering and erosion
51.


51. When a star is first formed, it is made mostly of which element?
Oxygen
Hydrogen (correct answer)
Carbon
Nitrogen
52.
Feedback: Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe.


52. Earths gravity keeps ______ of the total mass of the atmosphere within 32 km of
Earths surface.

21%
1%
78%
99% (correct answer)
53.

53. Air that contains a lot of water vapor is _________than drier air
varying density
the same density
less dense (correct answer)
more dense
54.

54. Minerals form from bodies of water due to the process of ____.
melting
precipitation (correct answer)
cooling
condensation
55.


55. The process of mineral formation from magma is called ____.
precipitation
evaporation
crystallization (correct answer)
melting
56.


56. Compounds with high melting points have ____.
metallic bonds
ionic bonds (correct answer)
covalent bonds
no chemical bonds
57.


57. The building block of the silicate minerals is called the ____.
silicon-oxygen tetrahedron (correct answer)
silicon-oxygen triangle
silicon-aluminum triangle
aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron
58.


58. Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of rock?
igneous
metamorphic
sedimentary
magma (correct answer)
59.


59. Which of the following metamorphic rocks would most likely have formed at the
highest temperatures and pressures?
slate
phyllite
gneiss (correct answer)
schist
60.


60. atmospheric pressure _________ as altitude ___________. Select all that would be
correct.
decreases, increases (correct answer)
increases, decreases (correct answer)
decreases, decreases
increases, increases
61.

61. The color of the powdered form of a mineral is called ____.
luster
fracture
streak (correct answer)
cleavage
62.


62. Winds in the United States of America generally blow from the
North Pole toward the Equator
Equator toward the North Pole
east toward the west
west toward the east (correct answer)
63.
Feedback: We get out weather from California, wind push the weather, so the wind
blows from west to east.


63. When large masses of magma solidify far below Earths surface, they form igneous
rocks that have a ____.
clastic texture
glassy texture
coarse-grained texture (correct answer)
fine-grained texture
64.


64. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of minerals?
formed by inorganic processes
crystalline structure
definite chemical composition
either liquid or solid (correct answer)
65.


65. Which information indicates that new seafloor rock is forming along a mid-oceanic
ridge and then moving horizontally away from the ridge?

Most volcanoes are located under ocean water and found near the continental
shelves.

Paleomagnetic studies of the ocean floor demonstrate that the orientation of
Earth's magnetic field has remained constant.
Fossils of marine organisms can be found at high elevations on continents.

The age of the seafloor rock increases as the distance from the mid-ocean ridge
increases. (correct answer)
66.
Feedback: New rock is close and old rock is farther away. Proof.


66. Ozone in the upper atmosphere forms the ozone layer, which harmful
ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

absorbs (correct answer)
deflects
transmits
refracts
67.

67. As solar radiation passes through Earth's atmosphere, which of the following does
NOT occur? Some of the solar radiation
reflects back into space.
scatters into the atmosphere.
decays into stable elements. (correct answer)
is absorbed by Earth's surface.
68.
Feedback: We are talking about energy here. The elements are made of matter.


68. Air is a poor conductor. Which of the following is NOT true of how the atmosphere is
primarily affected by conduction?
Most energy transfer by conduction occurs right at Earths surface.
At night, the ground cools, conducting heat away from the adjacent air.
During the day, solar radiation heats the ground, heating the air next to it.

Molecules in the atmosphere are heated, causing the atmosphere to vibrate.
(correct answer)
69.
Feedback: Molecuses in a gas are not packed tightely together so they have to
collide to conduct heat. Just vibrating does not transfer heat unless the are collisions.


69. Why are some telescopes placed in space above Earth's atmosphere?

Having the telescope above the atmosphere puts it closer to the object for better
magnification.

Having the telescope above the atmosphere puts it closer to to the object for
better sound detection.

Some types of electromagnetic radiation from stars are absorbed by Earth's
atmoshpere. (correct answer)

Some of the light being sent out from telescopes can be blocked by Earth's
atmosphere.
70.
Feedback: Looking up through the Earth's stmosphere is like looking through a dirty
window and the atmosphere filters out harmful radiation such as UV, x-rays and
gamma rays.


70. In Figure 3-1, what type of rock should occur in the part of the rock cycle labeled F?

lava
metamorphic
sedimentary (correct answer)
igneous
71.


71. Select the most abundant elements in the atmosphere
argon (correct answer)
carbon dioxide
oxygen (correct answer)
water vapor
nitrogen (correct answer)
72.

72. Base your answer to the question on the cross section below, which shows an
underwater mountain range in the Atlantic Ocean. The oceanic bedrock is composed
mainly of basalt, Points X and Y are locations in the bedrock that have been
diverging at the same rate. The movement of the North American Plate and Eurasian
Plate is shown by the two arrows.

The basalt at location X is youunger than the basalt at location Y. Both locations
have the same magnetic orientation.

The basalts at location X and Y are the same age. Both have the same magnetic
orientation. (correct answer)

The basalt at location X and Y are the same age. Location X has normal magnetic
orientation and location Y has reversed magnetic orientation.

The basalt at location X is older than the basalt at location Y. Location X has
reversed magnetic orientation and location Y has normal magnetic orientation.
73.
Feedback: both the same distance so they are the same age. Since they are the
same age they have the same magnetic orientation.


73. What are the building blocks of minerals?
elements (correct answer)
electrons
rocks
isotopes
74.


74. Oxygen molecules(O2) are split by solar rays in the stratosphere. The oxygen atoms
then combine with another oxygen molecule to form ozone(O3). (1)
True (correct answer)
False
75.

75. A conglomerate is a rock that forms as a result of ____.
intense heat and pressure
slow cooling
rapid cooling
compaction and cementation (correct answer)
76.


76. Igneous rocks that crystallize from magma and are composed almost entirely of
quartz and feldspars have a(n) ____.
basaltic composition
ultramafic composition
andesitic composition
granitic composition (correct answer)
77.


77. The igneous rock texture that is characterized by two distinctly different crystal sizes
is called ____.
coarse-grained texture
porphyritic texture (correct answer)
glassy texture
78.


78. The main types of chemical bonds are ____.
isotopic, covalent, and metallic
ionic, compound, and metallic
ionic, covalent, and metallic (correct answer)
ionic, covalent, and nonmetallic
79.


79. The force that dominates the formation of a star is
pressure.
magnetism.
gravity. (correct answer)
electricity.
80.
Feedback: It's all about gravity.


80. The foliated metamorphic rock that forms when the sedimentary rock shale is
subjected to relatively low temperatures and pressures is ____.
quartzite
marble
granite
slate (correct answer)
81.


81. Which of the following is NOT an agent of metamorphism?
pressure
heat
running water (correct answer)
a hydrothermal solution
82.


82. What is the density of a mineral with a mass of 41.2 g and a volume of 8.2 cm^3?
337.8 g/cm^3
0.19 g/cm^3
49.4 g/cm^3
5.02 g/cm^3 (correct answer)
83.


83. The central region of an atom is called the ____.
neutron
proton
electron
nucleus (correct answer)
84.


84. Minerals are classified by ____.
density
size
Color
composition (correct answer)
85.


85. A metamorphic rock can be classified according to its ____.
density and color
texture and composition (correct answer)
density and texture
color and composition
86.


86. Why is ice in a glacier considered to be a mineral, but water from a glacier is not?
Water does not have a chemical composition.
Water is not naturally occurring.
Ice is not naturally occurring.
Ice is a solid, but water is not. (correct answer)
87.


87. When fusion of hydrogen ceases in our Sun's core, the Sun will
explode as a supernova.
collaspe into a white dwarf star.
contract into a black hole.
expand into a red giant. (correct answer)
88.
Feedback: Our Sun is a small yellow main sequense star and will expand into a red
giant.


88. Mineral formation caused by high pressures and high temperatures would most likely
occur in which of the following environments?
a lava flow
deep within Earth (correct answer)
a cave
the ocean
89.


89. When two or more elements bond together in definite proportions, they form a(n)
____.
Nucleus
ion
compound (correct answer)
atom
90.


90. The layer of the atmosphere where the temperature always increases with height is
called the .(1)
tropopause
atmosphere
stratosphere (correct answer)
troposphere
91.

91. Which of the following is NOT one of the eight most common elements in Earths
continental crust?
aluminum
carbon (correct answer)
silicon
oxygen
92.


92. What is a naturally occurring, solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter?
a mineral
a rock (correct answer)
a fossil
lava
93.


93. A rock that forms from cooling lava is classified as an ____.
extrusive igneous rock (correct answer)
intrusive volcanic rock
extrusive metamorphic rock
intrusive igneous rock
94.


94. use carbon dioxide and produce almost all of the oxygen
in the atmosphere (1)
Photosynthetic organisms (correct answer)
cellular respiration
perspiration
one hour photoshop
95.

95. Which subatomic particles are most involved in chemical bonding?
electrons (correct answer)
isotopes
protons
neutrons
96.


96. Which activity demonstrates chemical weathering?
Freezing of water in the cracks of a granite bounder.
Abrasion of a streambed by tumbling rocks.
Dissolving of limestone by carbonic acid. (correct answer)
Boulders falling from a clift and shattering on the rocks below
97.
Feedback: A, B & D are physical weathering. Only possible answer is C.


97. The mass number of an atom is obtained by totaling the number of ____.
electrons and neutrons
protons and neutrons (correct answer)
electrons and protons
neutrons and isotopes
98.


98. A rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earths surface is called an ____.
intrusive igneous rock (correct answer)
extrusive igneous rock
intrusive metamorphic rock
extrusive sedimentary rock
99.


99. The atmosphere contains various tiny solid particles, called ___________.

sleet
rain
particulates (correct answer)
gases
100.

100. Atoms containing the same numbers of protons and different numbers of
neutrons are ____.
ions
compounds
neutrons
isotopes (correct answer)
101.


101. Which sedimentary rock would most likely be deposited in a very high-energy
stream?
conglomerate (correct answer)
coal
siltstone
shale
102.


102. Which of the following statements about the chemical combination of atoms
to form compounds is NOT true?

Compounds form when atoms are less stable in a combined form. (correct
answer)
When atoms combine, they gain, lose, or share electrons.
When atoms combine, they are at a lower energy state.
Compounds form when atoms are more stable in a combined form.
103.


103. As the rate of cooling of igneous rocks increases, the size of the crystals that
form ____.
decreases (correct answer)
increases
cannot be determined
is not affected
104.


104. Select the most abundant compounds in the atmosphere
oxygen
water vapor (correct answer)
carbon dioxide (correct answer)
argon
nitrogen
105.

105. Greenhouse gasses help keep Earth at a habitable temperature by
blocking the cold winds and ices originating in outer space.
serving as essential nutrients for atmospheric phytoplankton.
allowing only infrared light to reach Earth's surface.
retaining some of the Sun's energy in our lower atmosphere. (correct answer)
106.
Feedback: No wind in space, no plants in the air, and infrared rays always hit the
surface.


106. The two most abundant Greenhouse Gasses in Earth's atmosphere are
water vapor and carbon dioxide (correct answer)
carbon dioxide and methane
ozone and carbon monoxide
nitrogen and oxygen
107.
Feedback: Both water vapor (clouds) and carbon dioxide hold radiation in the
atmosphere.


107. What type of composition does an igneous rock have that contains mostly
plagioclase feldspar and about 30 percent dark silicate minerals?
Ultramafic
basaltic
andesitic (correct answer)
granitic
108.


108. According to Figure 3-2, which of the following is responsible for the
formation of rock gypsum?

weathering and erosion
precipitation from a water solution (correct answer)
cooling of magma
recrystallization from high temperatures and high pressures
109.


109. Minerals with the silicon-oxygen structure, shown in Figure 2-1, are classified
into what group?

carbonates
silicates (correct answer)
sulfates
oxides
110.


110. The resistance of a mineral to being scratched is called ____.
Streak
hardness
fracture (correct answer)
cleavage
111.


111. What can we conclude from the observation that nearly all galaxies are
moving away from us?
The once smaller universe is expanding in all directions. (correct answer)
The Sun and Earth are located at the center of the universe.
Everything in the universe is moving in the same direction.
Massive black holes are drawing galaxies away from Earth.
112.
Feedback: remember, in science we deal only with what is known and not what we
think. That means that only answer A is correct.


112. Which of the following is an example of an extrusive igneous rock?
granite
rhyolite (correct answer)
coal
andesite
113.


113. Which of the following is a use for fossils found in sedimentary rocks?
interpreting past environments
indicating when the rock formed
matching rocks of the same age found in different places
all of the above (correct answer)
114.


114. What is the hardness of an unknown mineral that scratches glass, but will not
scratch quartz?
5.0
8.0
6.0 (correct answer)
7.5
115.


115. Mohs scale is used to determine what property of minerals?
hardness (correct answer)
density
luster
cleavage
116.


116. Which of the following metamorphic rocks has a nonfoliated texture?
marble (correct answer)
slate
schist
gneiss
117.


117. What type of rocks are formed by processes powered by the sun?
igneous rocks
No rocks are formed by energy from the sun.
sedimentary rocks (correct answer)
metamorphic rocks
118.


118. Most metamorphic processes take place ____.
several hundred kilometers below Earths surface
a few kilometers below Earths surface (correct answer)
just below Earths surface
at Earths surface
119.


119. The percentage of water vapor in the atmosphere varies depending on factors
such as
longitude
time of day (correct answer)
location (correct answer)
seaon (correct answer)
altitude
120.

120. Without the ozone layer, living organisms would be severely _________ by
the suns ultraviolet rays.

damaged (correct answer)
altered
improved
mutated
121.

121. In the section on Atmospheric structure it is noted that the mesophere and
the thermosphere have a great affect on the weather.(1)
True
False (correct answer)
122.

122. Which of the following properties is generally the least useful in identifying
minerals?
color (correct answer)
hardness
streak
cleavage
123.


123. How could you determine if a sample of gold is pure?
Determine whether the sample will fizz in contact with hydrochloric acid.
Determine whether the sample is magnetic.
Compare the samples color with that of pure gold.
Compare the samples density with that of pure gold. (correct answer)
124.


124. Which of the following represents the correct order of the processes involved
in sedimentary rock formation?
deposition, cementation, compaction, erosion, weathering
weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation (correct answer)
compaction, cementation, deposition, weathering, erosion
erosion, weathering, compaction, cementation, deposition
125.


125. The ________ layer shielded the earth from harmful ultraviolet rays.(1)
water
carbon dioxide
ozone (correct answer)
alien force field
126.

126. All of the energy that drives Earths rock cycle comes from ____.
the wind
Earths interior and the Sun (correct answer)
the breakdown of organic matter
the movement of water over Earths surface
127.


127. The three groups of rocks are classified by ____.
how they formed (correct answer)
color
grain size
chemical composition
128.


128. _____________ the force per unit area that is exerted on a surface by the
weight of the atmosphere
vapor pressure
gravity
atmospheric pressure (correct answer)
weight
129.

129. What type of sedimentary rock is formed from weathered particles of rocks
and minerals?
clastic sedimentary rock (correct answer)
chemical sedimentary rock
intrusive sedimentary rock
biochemical sedimentary rock
130.


130. Niagara Falls is a good example of
energy being created
potential energy being converted into kinetic energy (correct answer)
energy being lost
kinetic energy being converted into potential energy
131.

131. What type of chemical bond forms between positive and negative ions?
metallic
ionic (correct answer)
covalent
Isotopic
132.


132. Earths' early atmosphere contained large amounts of carbon dioxide but the
earths' ___________ absorbed most of the carbon dioxide making the planet
inhabitable.
atmosphere
oceans (correct answer)
land
mountains
troposphere
133.

133. The color of a mineral, such as fluorite, changes due to ____.
differences in the crystal structure
small amounts of different elements (correct answer)
differences in the hardness
differences in the density
134.


134. If the atomic number of an element is 6 and its mass number is 14, how
many neutrons are contained in the nucleus?
14
8 (correct answer)
20
6
135.


135. After passing through a plant, the water moves into the atmosphere by
evaporating from the leaves, a process called ___________________.
respiration
oxidation
transpiration (correct answer)
photosynthesis
136.

136. In which of the following settings would a metamorphic rock most likely form?
a desert
8 kilometers below Earths surface (correct answer)
on the slopes of an active volcano
an ocean floor
137.


137. Isotopes of the same element differ in the number of ____.
protons
nuclei
electrons
neutrons (correct answer)
138.


138. Which of the following is the best statement comparing the water of today
with the water that was here 100 million years ago?
Water enters and leaves Earth duing evaporation and precipitation cycles.

The water present on Earth today is made of the same atoms but the molecules
have been recycled through biologic activity. (correct answer)

The atoms that made the water then were destroyed when they were used; the
atoms that make up water now were made more recently.
The molecules of water then are the same molecules that exist today.
139.
Feedback: Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. These are broken apart
during biologic activity and then reassemble afterward.


139. In Figure 3-1, what type of rock should occur in the part of the rock cycle
labeled B?

igneous (correct answer)
lava
sedimentary
metamorphic
140.


140. Where is the energy source found that drives the processes that form igneous
and metamorphic rocks?
moving water
the sun
the wind
Earths interior (correct answer)
141.


141. If you observed a new galaxy movingwitha velocity of 38,000 km/s, at what
distance should it be located?

60 Mpc
500 Mpc (correct answer)
600 Mpc
28,000 Mpc
142.
Feedback: Just follow the y-axis (dependant varieble) up to 38,000 and then follow
that value to the right until it intersects the line of other data points. At that
intersection go down to the x axis (independant variable) and read the value.


142. The layer of the atmosphere that extends from earths surface to approx 30
km above the earth is called the _____________. (select only one)
troposphere (correct answer)
stratosphere
mesophere
tropopause
143.

143. What is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with an orderly crystalline
structure and a definite chemical composition?
a compound
a mineral (correct answer)
an element
an isotope
144.


144. All minerals in the sulfate and sulfide groups contain what element?
sulfur (correct answer)
carbon
Silicon
oxygen
145.


145. What property can be used to distinguish talc and gypsum?
Gypsum has a soapy feel.
Talc has a soapy feel. (correct answer)
Talc fizzes with hydrochloric acid.
Gypsum can scratch glass.
146.


146. A deflection of winds and currents resulting from Earth's rotation is known as
the
Coriolis Effect (correct answer)
Greenhouse Effect
Tectonic Effect
Adiabatic Effect
147.
Feedback: Greenhouse is heat, tectonic is plate movements, adiabatic is reflection
(shiny), wind is Coriolis.


147. Lava that cools so quickly that ions do not have time to arrange themselves
into crystals will form igneous rocks with a ____.
porphyritic texture
glassy texture (correct answer)
coarse-grained texture
148.


148. According to Figure 3-2, what type of rock is composed of very fine crystalline
quartz?

chalk
rock gypsum
sandstone
flint (correct answer)
149.


149. Particulates can be a problem to global weather because it can remain
suspended in the atmosphere for _________.
minutes
years (correct answer)
days
months
150.

150. Most of earths' weather takes place in the .(1)
troposphere (correct answer)
hemisphere
tropopause
stratosphere
151.

151. What is density of a mineral?
a minerals mass
a minerals volume
the ratio of a minerals height to its weight
the ratio of a minerals mass to its volume (correct answer)
152.


152. The most common mineral group in Earths crust is the ____.
sulfides
silicates (correct answer)
carbonates
oxides
153.


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