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A dentin B - epithelial rests C cementoblasts D - cementum
E - resting lines F - periodontal region

Formation of Cementum
Dentin (A) lies along the right margin of the field, the periodontal region
occupies the left side. Note the islands of epithelial cells (B) near the
center of the field. These islands are called epithelial rests (of Malassez).
As the epithelial root sheath breaks up, connective tissue of the dental
follicle (sac) comes into contact with the dentin. In these regions multi
potential cells of the dental follicle differentiate into cementoblasts (C)
adjacent to the dentin. They deposit a ground substance around collagen
fibers of fibroblast origin. The osteoid-like mixture of ground substance
with collagen fibers is called cementoid. Mineralization converts
cementoid to cementum.
Cementum (D) in this image contains several basophilic "resting" lines
(E) that reflect periods when formation slows down or stops and then
starts again. Resting lines are incremental lines formed by fiber-free
ground substance. No cells are trapped in this cementum so it is classified
as acellular cementum - the first type to be formed. It is also referred to as
primary cementum.



























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Primary Cementum
This is a ground section of a tooth. From the bottom of the field up
identify the following layers: dentin with dentinal tubules (A), Tomes'
granular layer (B), primary (acellular) cementum (C). Note that primary
cementum is a relatively clear layer, containing no cells (cementocytes).













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Enamel pearls are localized masses of enamel that develop ectopically,
typically over the root surface (A) in close proximity to the cemento-enamel
junction (B)


















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Horizontal Fibers of the PDL
Horizontal principal fibers (A) are seen in this field. Note they pass
horizontally from cementum (B) to the alveolar bone (C) just below its
crest. This initial group of horizontal fibers was once referred to as
"cervical fibers". Note that Sharpey's fibers (D) can be seen inserting into
the cemntum on the right, and the alveolar bone on the left.