Dow.

com
GENUINE GLUTARALDEHYDE
Efficacy. Safety. Purity.
About Dow Microbial Control
The leading provider of biocide and antimicrobial technologies that helps
control and prevent growth of nuisance and dangerous microorganisms
Driven to take action
We predict microbial problems
We diagnose microbial problems
We solve microbial problems
Our Advanced Sustainable Microbial Control technology does its job,
goes away and does no harm to products, people or the environment
A business unit of The Dow Chemical Company
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Innovative Science and Technology
One of the Broadest Portfolio of Active Ingredients
Offering well-known and respected products:
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Dow Microbial Control is the leading registrant in active ingredients, including several chemistries unique to Dow
Global Resources Personalized, Local Approach
12 Customer Application Centers: Laboratory Facilities

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12 Customer
Application Centers:
Laboratory Facilities
DMC Customer
Application Center
DMC Center of Excellence
Buffalo Grove
Illinois, USA
DMC Center of Excellence
Quertaro
Mexico
Spring House
Pennsylvania, USA
DMC Center of Excellence
Horgen
Switzerland
DMC Center of Excellence
Warsaw
Poland
Dubai
United Arab Emirates
Mumbai
India
Singapore
Shangai
China
Soma
J apan
Melbourne
Australia
So Paulo
Brazil
Customer Application Center

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Advanced microbiological and
analytical testing facility for
optimization of biocides in:
Oil and gas application
Industrial water treatment
Paint and coatings
Industrial water-based products
The Importance of a Microbial Control Program
Microorganisms are found everywhere in
our environment.
Left uncontrolled, microbes can cause:
Diseases in animals and humans
Spoilage in products
Disruption in industrial process

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Virus Bacteria
Fungus Algae
FPO
FPO
FPO FPO
Why Are Biocides Used in Oil and Gas Production?
Reduce corrosion
Combat souring
Promote optimum production rates
Protect functional fluids from spoilage

Use of Glutaraldehyde in Oil and Gas Applications
Glutaraldehyde is widely used to control microbial
growth in oil and gas systems:
Water flood injection water
Drilling, completion, workover and fracturing fluids
Produced waters
Pipelines

Excellent choice for use in preserving drilling muds and
other oil field fluids that are typically alkaline in pH.

Dosage:
50-2500 ppm Active, ~4 hrs contact time, daily/weekly
basis, slug dose

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Use of Glutaraldehyde in Oil and Gas Applications
Proven successful for more than
40 years
Highly effective against aerobes,
SRBs, APBs
Synergistic with quaternary amines
Incompatible with amines

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Use of Glutaraldehyde in Oil and Gas Applications
Glutaraldehyde is highly effective against a broad range of sulfate reducing
bacteria (SRBs) and acid producing bacteria (APBs).
The table below shows the efficacy of glutaraldehyde (50 ppm a.i.) against
oil- and gas-related microorganisms.

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Microorganisms
Time required for:
99% Kill Complete Kill
Thiobacillus novellus < 1 hr 3 hrs
Leptothrix discophora < 1 hr 1 hr
Clostridium sporogenes < 1 hr 3 hrs
Nitrobacter agilis < 1 hr 1 hr
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans < 3 hrs 7 hrs
Glutaraldehyde Mechanisms
Formation of highly reactive
intermediate with primary amines
Crosslinking of cellular
components


The Many Benefits of GENUINE GLUTARALDEHYDE
Does its job
Test results confirm that under
many application conditions,
GENUINE GLUTARALDEHYDE
performs more effectively than
products that use formaldehyde,
glyoxal or other materials.

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The Many Benefits of GENUINE GLUTARALDEHYDE
Goes away
GENUINE GLUTARALDEHYDE is more
sustainable than non-genuine products.
It is readily biodegradable, formaldehyde
free, non-carcinogenic, non-persistent
and non-bioaccumulative.

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The Many Benefits of GENUINE GLUTARALDEHYDE
Does no harm to products, people
or the environment
GENUINE GLUTARALDEHYDE has
a long safety record and its proper
use is well documented. Non-genuine
glutaraldehyde blends that contain
blended materials may place
products, workers, processes,
equipment and the environment in
harms way.

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Not All Products Labeled Glutaraldehyde Are
GENUINE GLUTARALDEHYDE

Some unscrupulous dealers are selling blends of
formaldehyde, glyoxal and other impurities.
This poses serious performance, health, safety,
financial, legal and ethical issues.
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Non-Genuine Glutaraldehyde
Early 2011, Dow Microbial Control launched a
campaign to warn consumers against non-
genuine glutaraldehyde products sold mainly by
Chinese traders.
In 2012, the Customer Application detected
excessive amounts of formaldehyde in non-
genuine glutaraldehyde products sold in the
global market.
Of the non-genuine products tested, the
laboratory detected the presence of 21-22%
glutaraldehyde, 17.3-17.5% formaldehyde and
0.1-1.3% glyoxal.

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21-22%
Glutaral-
dehyde

17.3-
17.5%
Formald
ehyde
0.1-1.3%
Glyoxal
Non-Genuine Glutaraldehyde
Product
50%
Glutaral
dehyde

0%
Dows Genuine 50%
Glutaraldehyde Product
Non-Genuine Glutaraldehyde
Occupational health hazard
Formaldehyde is known to be a human carcinogen (cancer-causing agent).
Effects of excessive and prolonged exposure to formaldehyde is associated
with irritation of the respiratory tract, skin and eyes, and possibly
naso/pharyngeal cancers.
Without a proper understanding of the product, workers can be exposed
unknowingly to the formaldehyde present in the non-genuine product. This
presents serious health risks to the workers.
By using non-genuine glutaraldehyde, businesses are putting workers,
processes, products and equipment at risk of possible health/mechanical
damage by these high concentrations of formaldehyde in the non-genuine
formulation.

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Non-Genuine Glutaraldehyde
Workplace Safety and Health
Employers are legally obligated
to ensure safety of their workers,
according to the Workplace
Safety and Health Act in their
respective country.






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It shall be the duty of every employer to take, so
far as is reasonably practicable, such measures as
are necessary to ensure the safety and health of
his employees at work.

Ensuring that those persons are not exposed to
hazards arising out of the arrangement, disposal,
manipulation, organisation, processing, storage,
transport, working or use of things.

Ensuring that those persons at work have
adequate instruction, information, training and
supervision as is necessary for them to perform
their work.

Non-Genuine Glutaraldehyde
Overpaying for non-genuine product
Purchase of cheap non-genuine products does not
equate to cost savings. Unknowingly, customers are
overpaying for non-genuine material.
Unscrupulous formulators are making a quick and
substantial profit at the expense of customers.


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*
Non-Genuine Glutaraldehyde
Cost comparison
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AQUCAR IG 50 Water
Treatment Biocide
China Non-Genuine
% Glutaraldehyde 50 22
% Formaldehyde - 17.5
% Glyoxal - 1.3
Product price/kg 3.8 USD/Kg
DDP
2.25 USD/Kg
DDP


100% Glut Price/kg 7.6 USD/Kg
DDP
10.22 USD/Kg
DDP

Overpaying - 2.62 USD/Kg
Therefore, at 100 MT 100% glutaraldehyde per year, the customer overpays by
USD $262,000
Non-Genuine Glutaraldehyde
Reduced efficacy against microorganisms
Formaldehyde is not as efficacious as
glutaraldehyde in killing microorganisms
commonly found in industrial
environments.
Glutaraldehyde rapidly kills
microorganisms, requiring only a short
contact time to react.
Figure on the right shows that
glutaraldehyde can inhibit bacteria even
when used at a lower ppm
concentration.
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Non-Genuine Glutaraldehyde
Reduced efficacy against microorganisms
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0
50
100
150
200
250
Genuine Glut Product A Product D FA
p
p
m

p
r
o
d
u
c
t

Dose needed to achieve 2-log kill of SRB in
2 hours in the presence of 100 ppm SBS
Product A: 28.7% glutaraldehyde + 14.3% formaldehyde
Product D: 20.8% glutaraldehyde + 18.0% formaldehyde
The True Cost of Using Non-GenuineGlutaraldehyde
Environmental, health and safety
Non-genuine glutaraldehye is a health hazard to workers who unknowingly handle high
levels of formaldehyde, which is a known carcinogen.

Human ethics and legal complications
Farm managers/formulators fail to protect workers from danger.

Loss of money
From cost computation, customers are overpaying for non-genuine materials.

Compromised O&G application protection
Reduced efficacy to protect equipment from prevailing spoilage microorganisms.


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Ensure You Get Only GENUINE GLUTARALDEHYDE
Buy from a reputable source
The Dow Chemical Company is one of only two
known companies that has the process technology
and capabilities to manufacture glutaraldehyde on a
commercial scale.
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Ensure You Get Only GENUINE GLUTARALDEHYDE
Look for the special
FORMALDEHYDE FREE
tamper-proof seal on product
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Ensure You Get Only GENUINE GLUTARALDEHYDE
When in doubt, test the product
Dow Microbial Control has
developed a simple test to detect
non-genuine glutaraldehyde.

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Seeing Is Believing
Using a colorimetric method, Dows Customer Application Center is able to
distinguish non-genuine from genuine glutaraldehyde product within 1 hour.

Can you see the difference?

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1 ppm
Formaldehyde
5 ppm
Formaldehyde
10 ppm
Formaldehyde
Non-Genuine
Glutaraldehyde
10,000X dilution
Distilled Water
GENUINE
GLUTARALDEHYDE
10,000X dilution
Detection using the NASH Reagent
Advanced Analytical Testing for Quantitation of
Adulterants
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is
a sophisticated technique used to separate and
analyze the individual components in a product.

On the right, we compare a mini HPLC profile of a
non-genuine glutaraldehyde product (top) versus the
profile of a sample of genuine glutaraldehyde (below).

Between the retention time of 15 16 minutes (shown
on the right), we would expect a sharp peak at 15.26
minutes if formaldehyde is present.

What do you see?
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NO
formaldehyde
detected
Dow Chemicals Genuine Glutaraldehyde
Significant level
of formaldehyde
detected via
HPLC analysis
Counterfeit Product
Theres No Substitute for GENUINE GLUTARALDEHYDE
Get all the facts at www.glutaraldehyde.com

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Notice: No freedom from infringement of any patent owned by Dow or others is to be inferred. Because use conditions and applicable
laws may differ from one location to another and may change with time, Customer is responsible for determining whether products and
the information in this document are appropriate for Customer's use and for ensuring that Customer's workplace and disposal practices
are in compliance with applicable laws and other government enactments. The product shown in this literature may not be available for
sale and/or available in all geographies where Dow is represented. The claims made may not have been approved for use in all
countries. Dow assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this document. References to Dow or the Company mean the
Dow legal entity selling the products to Customer unless otherwise expressly noted. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED.

Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (Dow) or an affiliated company of Dow

Thank
You
Appendix
Common Non-Genuine Glutaraldehyde Combinations

De-mystifying the Missing Aldehydes Value
Common Non-Genuine Glutaraldehyde Combinations
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Glutaraldehyde Formaldehyde Glyoxal
Misleading
Comments
A 22% 17 18 % <1%
Glutaraldehyde with
impurity
B 35 43% 2 4%
More expensive grade of
glutaraldehyde that contains
less impurity
C 35.5% 7%
Formaldehyde-free
Glutaraldehyde.
Note:
If formaldehyde or glyoxal are detected in glutaraldehyde product, it is plausible that the former have been deliberately included.
GENUINE GLUTARALDEHYDE does not contain any of these adulterant chemicals.
Never assume formaldehyde-free glutaraldehyde to be GENUINE GLUTARALDEHYDE. Glyoxal may be used as the sole adulterant
and escape detection. Submit your samples to your local Dow Contact for verification by HPLC.
De-mystifying the Missing Aldehydes Value
For every 1% formaldehyde detected by HPLC, the same amount
of formaldehyde gives a value of 1.667% when titration is
performed. This gives an excess of 0.667% value to the reading.
Glyoxal 1% (HPLC) gives 1.726% when titration is performed.
This gives an excess of 0.726% value to the reading.
These excessive values are exploited by counterfeiters to cheat
customers by giving false values to the supposed
glutaraldehyde product.


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De-mystifying the Missing Aldehydes Value
Case Study: (date 17 Sept, 2012)


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Analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Analysis by
Titration
Serial No. Sample Description % GA % FA % Glyoxal % Total aldehyde % Total aldehyde
1
China Glut sample
(P-451, 12042101)
21.1 17.3 0.1 38.5 51.5
2
AQUCAR
TM
IG 50 (Batch:
ZI2255S4D1)
50.0 ND ND 50.0 50.5
Similar to results
obtained from titration
From the table above:
Although only 21.1% glutaraldehyde was detected by HPLC in the non-genuine sample, a total of
51.5% aldehyde was detected by titration.
How did this happen?
This artificially inflated value can be explained by calculation:
21.1% (GA) +17.3 x 1.667 % (FA) +0.1 x 1.726 % (Glyoxal) =Approx. 50.1%
De-mystifying the Missing Aldehydes Value
Learning point:
The addition of formaldehyde and glyoxal
artificially inflate the total aldehydes value,
giving a false perception of quantity.

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