HERPES

1. Names and origin

Protein
names
Recommended name:
Poliovirus receptor-related protein 1
Alternative name(s):
Herpes virus entry mediator C
Short name=Herpesvirus entry mediator C
Short name=HveC
Herpesvirus Ig-like receptor
Short name=HIgR
Nectin-1
CD_antigen=CD111
Gene names Name: PVRL1
Synonyms: HVEC, PRR1
Organism Homo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic
identifier
9606
Taxonomic
lineage
Eukaryota Metazoa Chordata Craniata Vertebrata Euteleostomi Mamma
lia Eutheria Euarchontoglires Primates Haplorrhini Catarrhini Hominida
e Homo
Protein attributes
Sequence length 517 AA.
Sequence status Complete.
Sequence processing The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence Evidence at protein level
General annotation (Comments)
Function Promotes cell-cell contacts by forming homophilic or heterophilic trans-
dimers. Heterophilic interactions have been detected between
PVRL1/nectin-1 and PVRL3/nectin-3 and between PVRL1/nectin-1 and
PVRL4/nectin-4. Functions as an entry receptor for herpes simplex virus
and pseudorabies virus.
Subunit structure Can form trans-heterodimers with PVRL3/nectin-3 and with
PVRL4/nectin-4. Interacts (via C-terminus) with afadin (via PDZ
domain); this interaction recruits PVRL1 to cadherin-based adherens
junctions. Interacts with integrin alphaV/beta3. Interacts with herpes
simplex virus 1 (HHV-1), herpes simplex virus 2 (HHV-2), and
pseudorabies virus (PRV) envelope glycoprotein D; functions as an
entry receptor for these viruses.
Subcellular location Isoform Alpha: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.
Isoform Delta: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.
Isoform Gamma: Secreted.
Involvement in
disease
Ectodermal dysplasia, Margarita Island type (EDMI) [MIM:225060]:
An autosomal recessive form of ectodermal dysplasia, a heterogeneous
group of disorders due to abnormal development of two or more
ectodermal structures. It is a syndrome characterized by the association
of cleft lip/palate, ectodermal dysplasia (sparse short and dry scalp hair,
sparse eyebrows and eyelashes), and partial syndactyly of the fingers
and/or toes. Two thirds of the patients do not manifest oral cleft but
present with abnormal teeth and nails.
Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented
in this entry.
Non-syndromic orofacial cleft 7 (OFC7) [MIM:225060]: A birth defect
consisting of cleft lips with or without cleft palate. Cleft lips are
associated with cleft palate in two-third of cases. A cleft lip can occur
on one or both sides and range in severity from a simple notch in the
upper lip to a complete opening in the lip extending into the floor of the
nostril and involving the upper gum.
Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented
in this entry.
Sequence similarities Belongs to the nectin family.
Contains 2 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains.
Contains 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain.
Sequence caution The sequence CAA53980.2 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous
initiation.
Ontologies
Keywords
Biological process Cell adhesion
Host-virus interaction
Cellular component Cell membrane
Membrane
Secreted
Coding sequence
diversity
Alternative splicing
Disease Ectodermal dysplasia
Domain Immunoglobulin domain
Repeat
Signal
Transmembrane
Transmembrane helix
Molecular function Host cell receptor for virus entry
Receptor
PTM Disulfide bond
Glycoprotein
Phosphoprotein
Technical term 3D-structure
Complete proteome
Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process adherens junction organization
axon guidance
cell adhesion
cell junction assembly
cell-cell adhesion
cell-cell junction organization
desmosome organization
enamel mineralization
heterophilic cell-cell adhesion
homophilic cell adhesion
immune response
iron ion transport
lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye
regulation of synapse assembly
retina development in camera-type eye
signal transduction
viral entry into host cell
Cellular_component adherens junction
axon
cell-cell adherens junction
extracellular region
growth cone membrane
integral component of membrane
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
membrane
plasma membrane
synapse
Molecular_function carbohydrate binding
cell adhesion molecule binding
coreceptor activity
protein homodimerization activity
virion binding
virus receptor activity

2. Names and origin
Protein names Recommended name:
Thymidine kinase
EC=2.7.1.21
Gene names Name: TK
ORF Names: UL23
Organism Human herpesvirus 1 (strain 17) (HHV-1) (Human herpes simplex
virus 1) [Reference proteome]
Taxonomic
identifier
10299 [NCBI]
Taxonomic
lineage
Viruses dsDNA viruses, no RNA
stage Herpesvirales Herpesviridae Alphaherpesvirinae Simplexvirus
Virus host Homo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606]
Protein attributes
Sequence length 376 AA.
Sequence status Complete.
Protein existence Evidence at protein level
General annotation (Comments)
Function In latent infection, may allow the virus to be reactivated and to grow in
cells lacking a high concentration of phosphorylated nucleic acid
precursors, such as nerve cells that do not replicate their genome By
similarity.
Catalytic activity ATP + thymidine = ADP + thymidine 5'-phosphate.
Subunit structure Homodimer.
Biotechnological use Used in molecular biology as a selectable marker to identify transfected
eukaryotic cells. Used in cancer suicide gene therapy to selectively kill
transformed cells.
Miscellaneous Phosphorylates and thereby activates certain drugs like acyclovir
(ACV), valaciclovir, and famciclovir to a toxic form, that leads to
successful suppression of the infection, while the uninfected cell does
not have this ability because it lacks TK. Mutations in thymidine kinase
may induce HSV resistance to antiviral therapies in
immunocompromised patients. The most frequently observed resistant
strains are unable to express TK and are avirulent in animal models of
disease. Resistance may be acquired less frequently by selecting variants
which no longer recognize ACV or ACV triphosphate as substrates but
which retain normal functions.
Sequence similarities Belongs to the herpesviridae thymidine kinase family.
Ontologies
Keywords
Biological process DNA synthesis
Developmental
stage
Early protein
Ligand ATP-binding
Nucleotide-binding
Molecular function Kinase
Transferase
Technical term 3D-structure
Complete proteome
Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process DNA replication
TMP biosynthetic process
Molecular_function ATP binding
thymidine kinase activity