Copyright American Welding Society

Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100

Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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2
NOTE: Although care was taken in choosing and presenting the data in this guide, AWS cannot guarantee that it is
error free. Further, this guide is not intended to be an exhaustive treatment of the topic and therefore may not include all
available information, including with respect to safety and health issues. By publishing this guide, AWS does not insure
anyone using the information it contains against any liability or injury to property or persons arising from that use.
2004 by American Welding Society. All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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3
Basic Safety Precautions ...........................................4
Introduction...............................................................6
Nomenclature of Groove Joint Details......................7
Legend for Groove Details ..................................7
Legend for AWS Joint Designations ...................8
Square-groove weld (1)
Butt joint (B), Corner joint (C) ..........................10
Butt joint (B) ......................................................11
T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) ..............................12
Single-V-groove weld (2)
Butt joint (B) ......................................................13
Butt joint (B) ......................................................14
Corner joint (C)..................................................15
Double-V-groove weld (3)
Butt joint (B) ......................................................16
Butt joint (B) ......................................................17
Single-U-groove weld (4)
Butt joint (B) ......................................................18
Single-bevel-groove weld (4)
T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) .............................. 19
Butt joint (B) ..................................................... 20
Double-bevel-groove weld (5)
T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) .............................. 21
Butt joint (B) ..................................................... 22
Butt joint (B), T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) ...... 23
Single-U-groove weld (6)
Butt joint (B), Corner joint (C).......................... 24
Double-U-groove weld (7)
Butt joint (B) ..................................................... 25
Single-J-groove weld (8)
Butt joint (B) ..................................................... 26
T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) .............................. 27
Double-J-groove weld (8)
Butt joint (B) ..................................................... 28
T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) .............................. 29
Metric Conversion Table ........................................ 30
Other Publications Available from AWS ............... 31
Table of Contents
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
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4
Burn Protection. Molten metal, sparks, slag,
and hot work surfaces are produced by welding,
cutting, and allied processes. These can cause
burns if precautionary measures are not used.
Workers should wear protective clothing made
of fire-resistant material. Pant cuffs, open pock-
ets, or other places on clothing that can catch
and retain molten metal or sparks should not be
worn. High-top shoes or leather leggings and
fire-resistant gloves should be worn. Pant legs
should be worn over the outside of high-top
shoes. Helmets or hand shields that provide pro-
tection for the face, neck, and ears, and a head
covering to protect the head should be used. In
addition, appropriate eye protection should be
used.
Electrical Hazards. Electric shock can kill.
However, it can be avoided. Live electrical
parts should not be touched. The manufacturers
instructions and recommended safe practices
should be read and understood. Faulty installa-
tion, improper grounding, and incorrect opera-
tion and maintenance of electrical equipment
are all sources of danger.
All electrical equipment and the workpiece
should be grounded. The workpiece lead is
not a ground lead. It is used only to complete
the welding circuit. A separate connection is
required to ground the workpiece. The work-
piece should not be mistaken for a ground
connection.
Basic Safety Precautions
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
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5
Fumes and Gases. Many welding, cutting,
and allied processes produce fumes and gases
which may be harmful to health. Avoid breath-
ing the air in the fume plume directly above the
arc. Do not weld in a confined area without a
ventilation system. Use point-of-welding fume
removal when welding galvanized steel, zinc,
lead, cadmium, chromium, manganese, brass, or
bronze. Do not weld on piping or containers
that have held hazardous materials unless the
containers have been inerted properly.
Compressed Gas Cylinders. Keep caps on
cylinders when not in use. Make sure that gas
cylinders are chained to a wall or other structural
support.
Radiation. Arc welding may produce ultra-
violet, infrared, or light radiation. Always wear
protective clothing and eye protection to pro-
tect the skin and eyes from radiation. Shield
others from light radiation from your welding
operation.
AWS also recommends a personal copy of Arc Welding Safely, Fire Safety in Welding and
Cutting, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, and The Independent Shops Guide
to Welding Safety and Health.
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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6
This pocket handbook consists of selected welded
joint details applicable to the welding of plate and
shapes for structural applications. The joint details
conform to the design and dimensions for Prequalified
Joint Details in AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004, Structural
Welding CodeSteel. The user should consult AWS
D1.1/D1.1M:2004 (or later edition) for joint dimen-
sional tolerances that are permissible and for notes
concerning application of the specific joint detail. The
joint details shown in this pocket handbook are appli-
cable for designing joints that are to be used in making
complete joint penetration welds in plate and shapes.
Several of the joint details in this pocket handbook
are applicable for welding joints in tubular products.
Submerged arc welding (SAW) is applicable for
diameters greater than 24 in. (610 mm). Joints to be
used for tubular connections should have a groove
angle of not less than 60.
These joint details specifically apply to welded joints
made in low carbon construction steels. Several of
these details may be applicable for welding alloy
steels as well as structural aluminum. When applying
the joint details in this pocket handbook to materials
other than low carbon construction steels, the appro-
priate welding specifications for the specific material
should be consulted.
Introduction
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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7
Nomenclature of Groove Joint Details
Figure 1Example of Details for Illustrative Purpose

Legend for
Groove Details
Shown:
R = Root Opening (maximum)
S
1
= Depth of Groove, Side 1
S
2
= Depth of Groove, Side 2
T = Base Metal Thickness
= Groove Angle (minimum)
= Bevel Angle (maximum)
f = Root Face (maximum)
Additional, But Not Illustrated:
r = Groove radius (minimum)
s = Spacer strip
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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8
Symbols for joint types
(B) butt joint (C) corner joint (WP) Welding Positions Permitted
(T) T-joint (BC) butt or corner joint (GS) FCAW Gas Shielding Reqd.
(TC) T- or corner joint (BTC) butt, T-, or corner joint (Desig.) AWS Joint Designation
Symbols for base metal thickness
L limited thickness U unlimited thickness
Symbols for weld types
(1) square groove (6) single-U-groove
(2) single-V-groove (7) double-U-groove
(3) double-V-groove (8) single-J-groove
(4) single-bevel-groove (9) double-J-groove
(5) double-bevel-groove (10) flare bevel groove
Legend for AWS Joint Designations
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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9
Symbols for welding process, if not
shielded metal arc
S submerged arc welding
G gas metal arc welding
F flux cored arc welding
Welding processes
SMAW shielded metal arc welding
GMAW gas metal arc welding
SAW submerged arc welding
FCAW flux cored arc welding
Welding positions
F flat H horizontal
V vertical OH overhead
The lower case letters, e.g., a, b, c, etc.,
are used to differentiate between joints
that would otherwise have the same joint
designation.
BACKGOUGE
(EXCEPT B-L1-S)
Welding Process
SMAW
GMAW
FCAW SAW SAW
Desig. B-L1b B-L1b-GF B-L1a-S B-L1-S
T 1/4 max 3/8 max 5/8 max 3/8 max
R T
1
/2 1/8 0 0
WP All All F F
GS Not reqd.
Figure 2Example of
Designations for Illustrative Purpose
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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10
Square-groove weld (1)
Butt joint (B)
Corner joint (C)
Welding Process
SMAW SMAW
GMAW
FCAW
Desig. B-L1a C-L1a B-L1a-GF
T
1
1/4 max 1/4 max 3/8 max
T
2
U
R T
1
T
1
T
1
WP All All All
GS Not reqd.
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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Welding Process
SMAW
GMAW
FCAW SAW SAW
Desig. B-L1b B-L1b-GF B-L1a-S B-L1-S
T 1/4 max 3/8 max 5/8 max 3/8 max
R T
1
/2 1/8 0 0
WP All All F F
GS Not reqd.
BACKGOUGE
(EXCEPT B-L1-S)
Square-groove weld (1)
Butt joint (B)
Copyright American Welding Society
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12
Welding Process
SMAW
GMAW
FCAW SAW
Desig. TC-L1b TC-L1-GF TC-L1-S
T
1
1/4 max 3/8 max 3/8 max
T
2
U U U
R T
1
/2 1/8 0
WP All All F
GS Not reqd.
Square-groove weld (1)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Copyright American Welding Society
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--`,,,,``,,,,,,````,,``,,,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
13
Welding Process
SMAW
GMAW
FCAW SAW SAW SAW
Desig. B-U2 B-U2-GF B-L2c-S B-L2c-S B-2Lc-S
T U U >1/2 to 1 > 1 to 1-1/2 >1-1/2 to 2
R 1/8 1/8 0 0 0
60 60 60 60 60
f 1/8 1/8 1/4 1/2 5/8
WP All All F F F
GS Not reqd.

BACKGOUGE
Single-V-groove weld (2)
Butt joint (B)
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
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Welding Process
SMAW SMAW SMAW
GMAW
FCAW
GMAW
FCAW
GMAW
FCAW SAW SAW
Desig. B-U2a B-U2a B-U2a B-U2a-GF B-U2a-GF B-U2a-GF B-L2a-S B-U2a-S
T U U U U U U 2 max U
R 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/16 3/8 1/4 1/4 5/8
45 30 20 30 30 45 30 20
WP All F, V, OH F, V, OH F, V, OH F, V, OH F, V, OH F F
GS Required Not reqd. Not reqd.

Single-V-groove weld (2)

Butt joint (B)
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15
Welding Process
SMAW
GMAW
FCAW SAW
Desig. C-U2 C-U2-GF C-U2b-S
T U U U
R 1/8 1/8 1/8
60 60 60
f 1/8 1/8 1/4
WP All All F
GS Not reqd.
Single-V-groove weld (2)
Corner joint (C)
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Welding Process
SMAW SMAW SMAW SAW
Desig. B-U3a B-U3a B-U3a B-U3a-S
T U U U U
R 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8
45 30 20 20
f 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/4
s 1/8 R 1/8 R 1/8 R 1/4 R
WP All F, V, OH F, V, OH F

Double-V-groove weld (3)

Butt joint (B)
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Welding Process For B-U3c-S only
SMAW
GMAW
FCAW SAW
T
1
S
1
over to
Desig. B-U3b B-U3-GF B-U3c-S 2 2-1/2 1-3/8
T U U U 2-1/2 3 1-3/4
R 1/8 1/8 0 3 3-5/8 2-1/8
60 60 60 3-5/8 4 2-3/8
f 1/8 1/8 1/14 4 4-3/4 2-3/4
S
1
See table 4-3/4 5-1/2 3-1/4
WP All All F 5-1/2 6-1/4 3-3/4
GS Not reqd.

Double-V-groove weld (3)

Butt joint (B)
Copyright American Welding Society
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Welding Process
SMAW SMAW
GMAW
FCAW
GMAW
FCAW
GMAW
FCAW SAW SAW
Desig. B-U4a B-U4a B-U4a-GF B-U4a-GF B-U4a-GF B-U4a-S B-U4a-S
T U U U U U U U
R 1/4 3/8 3/16 1/4 3/8 3/8 1/4
45 30 30 45 30 30 45
GS Required Not reqd. Not reqd.
WP All All All All F, H F F

Single-U-groove weld (4)

Butt joint (B)
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19
Welding Process
SMAW SMAW
GMAW
FCAW
GMAW
FCAW
GMAW
FCAW SAW SAW
Desig. TC-U4a TC-U4a TC-U4a-GF TC-U4a-GF TC-U4a-GF TC-U4a-S TC-U4a-S
T U U U U U U U
R 1/4 3/8 3/16 3/8 1/4 3/8 1/4
45 30 30 30 45 30 45
GS Required Not reqd. Not reqd.
WP All F, H, OH All F All F F
Single-bevel-groove weld (4)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Copyright American Welding Society
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Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
--`,,,,``,,,,,,````,,``,,,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
20
Welding Process
SMAW
GMAW
FCAW SAW
Desig. B-U4b B-U4b-GF B-U4b-S
T U U U
R 1/8 1/8 0
45 45 60
f 1/8 1/8 1/4
WP All All F
GS Not reqd.

Single-bevel-groove weld (4)

Butt joint (B)
Copyright American Welding Society
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Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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21
Welding Process
SMAW
GMAW
FCAW SAW
Desig. TC-U5b TC-U5-GF TC-U5-S
T U U U
R 1/8 1/8 0
45 45 60
f 1/8 1/8 1/4
GS Not reqd.
WP All All F
Double-bevel-groove weld (5)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
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Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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Welding Process
SMAW
GMAW
FCAW
Desig. B-U5a B-U5-GF
T U U
R 1/8 1/8
f 1/8 1/8
45 45
15 15
WP All All
GS Not reqd.

Double-bevel-groove weld (5)
Butt joint (B)
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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23
Welding Process
SMAW SMAW SMAW
Desig. B-U5b TC-U5a TC-U5a
T U U U
R 1/4 1/4 3/8
45 45 30
f 1/8 1/8 1/8
s 1/8 R 1/4 R 1/4 R
WP All All F, OH

Double-bevel-groove weld (5)
Butt joint (B)
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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24
Welding Process
SMAW SMAW SMAW SMAW
GMAW
FCAW
GMAW
FCAW
Desig. B-U6 B-U6 C-U6 C-U6 B-U6-GF C-U6-GF
T U U U U U U
R 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8
45 20 45 20 20 20
f 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8
r 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4
GS Not reqd. Not reqd.
WP All F, OH All F, OH All All

Single-U-groove weld (6)
Butt joint (B)
Corner joint (C)
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
--`,,,,``,,,,,,````,,``,,,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
25
Welding Process
SMAW SMAW
GMAW
FCAW SMAW
Desig. B-U7 B-U7 B-U7-GF B-U7-S
T U U U U
R 1/8 1/8 1/8 0
45 20 20 20
f 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/4
r 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4
WP All F, OH All F
GS Not reqd.

Double-U-groove weld (7)

Butt joint (B)
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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26
Welding Process
SMAW
GMAW
FCAW SAW
Desig. B-U8 B-U8-GF B-U8-S
T U U U
R 1/8 1/8 0
45 30 45
f 1/8 1/8 1/4
r 3/8 3/8 3/8
WP All All F
GS Not reqd.
Single-J-groove weld (8)
Butt joint (B)
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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Welding Process
SMAW SMAW
GMAW
FCAW SAW
Desig. TC-U8a TC-U8a TC-U8a-GF TC-U8a-S
T U U U U
R 1/8 1/8 1/8 0
45 30 30 45
f 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/4
r 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8
WP All F, OH All F
GS Not reqd.

Single-J-groove weld (8)

T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
--`,,,,``,,,,,,````,,``,,,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
28
Welding Process
SMAW
GMAW
FCAW
Desig. B-U9 B-U9-GF
T U U
R 1/8 1/8
45 30
f 1/8 1/8
r 3/8 3/8
WP All All
GS Not reqd.

Double-J-groove weld (8)
Butt joint (B)
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
--`,,,,``,,,,,,````,,``,,,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
29
Welding Process
SMAW SMAW
GMAW
FCAW
Desig. TC-U9a TC-U9a TC-U9a-GF
T U U U
R 1/8 1/8 1/8
45 30 30
f 1/8 1/8 1/8
r 3/8 3/8 3/8
WP All F, OH All
GS Not reqd.

Double-J-groove weld (8)

T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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30
Metric Conversion Table
(Commonly used conversions)
Property To Convert From To Multiply by
area inches
2
millimeters
2
6.452 10
2
millimeters
2
inches
2
1.550 10
3
flow rate feet
3
/hour liters/minute 0.472
liters/minute feet
3
/hour 2.119
linear inches millimeters 25.4
millimeters inches 3.937 10
2
inches centimeters 2.54
centimeters inches 0.3937
feet meters 0.305
meters feet 3.281
mass (weight) pounds kilograms 2.205
kilograms pounds 0.454
pressure psi kilopascal (kPa) 6.895
kPa psi 0.145
tensile strength psi megapascal (MPa) 6.895 10
3
MPa psi 1.450 10
2
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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31
Other Publications Available from AWS
Order No. Title
D1.1 Structural Welding CodeSteel
Acknowledged worldwide as being a universal standard for assuring quality welding.
D1.3 Structural Welding CodeSheet Steel
Gives allowable stresses and supplies correct techniques, qualification, and inspection instructions for
coated or galvanized sheet steel.
D1.4 Structural Welding CodeReinforcing Steel
Seven succinct chapters, appendices, tables, illustrations.
PHB-1 The Everyday Pocket Handbook for Arc Welding Steel
Good electrode coverage for SMAW, GMAW, and FCAW.
A3.0 Standard Welding Terms and Definitions
Terms you wont find in your regular dictionary. Correct and nonstandard terms are both included.
1,200 definitions.
For more information on AWS publications go to www.aws.org.
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
--`,,,,``,,,,,,````,,``,,,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
32
550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida 33126
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100
Not for Resale, 01/08/2006 05:09:39 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
--`,,,,``,,,,,,````,,``,,,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---