TA:Zara Tabi(ztabi(&uoEd,edu) BICD120:Dr.

Crawford
AI Mz: t a b i 0 6OH :B ye ma i l A p p t. Week7
PlantNutrition
-Nutrients essentialfor life> Found inthe
dissolved andtakenupbytheroots
.TheMacronutrients: _, _, .TheMicronutrients:
_, _, _, _, otn
v\v
-t -t

+" !'

(1 ) Siteofcelldivision (5) - Middlelayerofroot

(2) - Canconsist
ofoneor manylayersdependingon
Protects fromdamaoe
rootmeristem theolant
(3) - Outermost ofa root (6)
layer - Surrounds
vascular
tissue
- Reponsible forHzOabsorbtion (7)
(4) impermeable
endodermis bylonsandHzO
e o i d e rma l ce l l s (B) - Regionofvascular
tissue
- Increased surface areaforHzO/ion
absorbtion phloem)
(xylem,

tt0i
NutrientUptake
- lonscantravel2 waysthrougha root:
1) - System ofcytoplasm viaplasmodesmata
connected
2) - System ofcellwalls
- CANNOT reachthesteleof a rootthrouqh transport
oftheendodermis
actsasa block
needtocrossa plasma
- lonseventually membranetoenterthesymplasm l[tPArrqnl+nP
. Activetransport
>
- Uses
. Canbypass stripbyplasmodesmata
theCasparian
, '0 HowHzO& Salts
Transpiration: travelfrom
-v?
fromthestomata
- HzOevaporation "pulls"
waterupshoot>
- H-Bondingbetweenwatermolecules
allows H2Ocolumntostayintact>
llrL
-Controlled
bytheopening& closing
of
| ,t e . \A/hen
Y Open,allOws in(forPhotosynthesis)
and out

,,n]il10
- LoNH2D prtenml
- ioittl
higlr
I
-oPen: Light'
Lowoz -Close:
n.--.^. |
Dark,HighTemp,
:_L1 | - ...
HighCOz,LowHzO(ABA)
/

- ,^- leow
O iorns
il
€Srut rK X --+
* -_L-e
t \ lJ
shnnh \1,/./\
- }lqr't'lroPrlenirol .-r-t-
.\
- 0i'rr[) qitng 0sr'Ylosis
Otlro{o,nl r4a'
€) l,|rorntefsvrod6lt'losi5
 the Occurs
andcanbemultidirectional
ateTransoort:
Source: photosynthate
Where is produced photosvnthate
orstored Sink:Where is needed
a a o a

a (inSummer) a (inSummer)
a a a a

(inSpring) a (inSpring)
- Osmotic FlowTheory-
Pressure Useofosmoticpressure,
based
onsucrose
[ ], totransport

Nitroqen
Fixation: of
Theconversion form(
intoa usable Relationship
) > Symbiotic
- KeyEnzyme: > Provided (_)
bytheBacteria
. Energy process
Intensive > Needs t _
. Needs
Fe& Mo> Sensitive
to J Energy
andProper supplied
environment by
I

The
'1)Plants
release
compounds bacteria
toattract 2)Bacteria roothairto
attachto roots,causing
genesinbacteria
areactivated
to
nitrogenase
synthesize
Af
\,/ ttl
(-
t

u!
\
-
/r
-ie+€ oo- etog'
/\ 4*a
q- ph.rrobiowt
A \*"j"
,
[r

entertheplantviaan
3) Bacteria 4) Newplant
- Siteoffutur
rren0
is protected
- Bacteria fromplantdefense
systems
F
?
)
-/
\

5) Bacteria
terminally to
differentiate 6) Nodule
formation
iscomplete!

- CanNOLONGER
DIVIDE
 andDefense
PlantPatholoqv
- Plant of
ina largeamount
Epidemics-Result and lost
. Ex.GreatPotato
Blight(Phytoptera), (Psylid)
SDCitrusQuarantine
. Chanceofepidemicisgreater
with overa largearea
) useofonevariety

orBiotic) understand
CanbeAbiotic
- PlantStresses: thetwoandknowexamples!
between
thedifference

of bioticattack:
- Methods
a -+atingofplant ) Performed
tissue by and
. CellInfection--gain to
access ) (bacteria, etc.)
fungi,

vs,Predators
-Plants
PlantDefense-Howdothevprotect themselves? MicrobeAttack-Howdotheyqetpastthesedefenses?
1) Defense- entryinto
Protect 1) - lnfectatwoundsites
cytoplasm alreadypresent
(duetoherbivory,pruning,
etc.)
cellwall
Ex.Bark,Waxcuticle,
- Thebreakingdownof
2) Defense protective ortoxins
layerswithenzymes
(fungi,
: Lectins protease
bacteria)or . Enzymes are : Hydrolases
(insects,
inhibitors animals) - Breakdown cellwall
metabolites
Secondary . Toxins:Small phytohormones
organics, (auxin,
- Phenolics, Alkaloids
Tanins, gibberellin)
cytokinin,
similar
to antibiotics
. Mosttoxinsare 3) : candiffer
- lf a general
toxin,canbestored in
safely between microbes
different
vacuole, structures
cellwall,orspecialized until . Ex.Entrance
through (stomates)
naturalopenings
needed

- Specific Herbivory
Case: inPotato
Defense
. Whenattacked. (Pl's)
are
fPr disrupting
released,
wounding
- Simple induces
intheherbivore's
digestion
thiseffect
stomach

ispossible
+ U tr 4 '
2')
communication
. -1 ) Signalmolecule (protein)
t . / t \( //
,r\/
lvLlr' d{ /* - Transported
throughthe
alsopossible
communication
) Signalmolecule (volatile)
"n4nomn6n4... - Onlywoundedplantscanproduce
signal