A

Major Project Report on

MICROCONTROLLER ENABLED SPEAKING SYSTEM FOR DEAF AND DUMB

Submitted to
RAJIV GANDHI TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
BHOPAL (M.P)

In Partial fulfillment for award of degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
By
SARVESH SHASTRI

(0187EC101093)

SOURABH DUBEY

(0187EC101103)

SUJIT SINGH

(0187EC101106)

SARVESH BATRA

(0187EC101092)
Under the Guidance of

MOHD.ABDULLAH

SAGAR INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE &TECHNOLOGY (SISTec)

GANDHI NAGAR, BHOPAL-462036 (M.P.)

MAY-2014

SAGAR INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(Approved by AICTE Delhi, Affiliated to RGTU Bhopal and Govt. of Madhya Pradesh)

NEAR AIRPORT, GANDHI NAGAR, BHOPAL-462036

Declaration
We hereby declare that the project entitled MICROCONTROLLER
ENABLED SPEAKING SYSTEM FOR DEAF & DUMBis the actual work
carried out by us in the department of ELECTRONICS &
COMMUNICATION under the guidance of
MOHD. ABDULLAH.
Name

Enrollment Number

Signature

SARVESH SHASTRI

(0187EC101093)

SOURABH DUBEY

(0187EC101103)

SUJIT SINGH
SARVESH BATRA

(0187EC101106)

(0187EC101092)

..

..

SAGAR INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(Approved by AICTE Delhi, Affiliated to RGTU Bhopal and Govt. of Madhya Pradesh)

NEAR AIRPORT, GANDHI NAGAR, BHOPAL-462036

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled MICROCONTROLLER ENABLED
SPEAKING SYSTEM FOR DEAF & DUMB has been carried out by
Under my guidance in partial fulfillment for the award of (BACHELOR OF
ENGINEERING) in ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION by the Rajiv Gandhi
Technical University, Bhopal (M.P.), during the academic year 2013-14.

DR. RAVI SHANKAR MISHRA

MOHD. ABDULLAH

Assistance Professor & Head of

Project Guide

Department of Electronics & Communication

(Dr. Manish Billore)

Principal

SAGAR INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(Approved by AICTE Delhi, Affiliated to RGTU Bhopal and Govt. of Madhya Pradesh)

NEAR AIRPORT, GANDHI NAGAR, BHOPAL-462036

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

It gives me a great pleasure to express my deep sense of gratitude and

indebtedness to my guide MOHD. ABDULLAH for their valuable support
and encouraging mentally throughout the project. I am highly obliged to them
for providing me this opportunity to carry out their ideas and work during my
project period and helping me to gain the successful completion of my
Project.

My special thanks to Head of the Department of Electronics &

Communication Engineering of my college, Dr. Ravi Shankar Mishra and to
all of the faculties for allowing me and encouraging me constantly to work
hard in project.
I am highly grateful to the Honorable principle of SISTec, Dr. Manish Billore,
for giving me this golden opportunity to be a part of this organization for this
period.

Name
SARVESH SHASTRI
SOURABH DUBEY

Enrollment Number
0187EC101093
0187EC101103
4

Signature

SUJIT SINGH

0187EC101106

SARVESH BATRA

0187EC101092

INDEX
Abstract

(i)

List of Table

(ii)

List of Figure

(iii)

INTRODUCTION
1.1

GENERAL

1.2

BLOCK DIAGRAM

1.3 VOICE DRIVER CIRCUIT

1.2.1.1 MICROCONTROLLER

1.2.1.1.0 MEMORY ORGANIZATION

VOICE MODULE
2

13

Literature Review
2.1 Microcontroller Devices
Methodology
3.1

15

LAYOUT DESIGNING
3.2
IRONING
3.3
ETCHING
3.4
DRILLING
3.5
SOLDERING

17
17
18
19
20
21

EMBEDDED C CODING

22-23

RESULT

24

CONCLUSION

25

REFERENCE

26

ABSTRACT

< Font Type: Arial, Bold, Font Size 14>

Micro controller based speaking system for deaf and dumb is designed to give the signs,
which are preloaded in the device. It is a micro controller based device, which gives the alert
sounds just by pressing the control buttons, which are given some redefined messages like
asking for water, washroom etc., here the person can just press the control button which
indicates the sign of water (example) then the device sounds the same with some output
volume.
Micro controller is the heart of the device. It stores the data of the needs of the person. So
that it can make use of the data stored whenever the person uses the device. This device
helps the deaf and dumb people to announce their requirements. By this the person who is
near can understand their need and help them. This saves the time to understand each
other and ease in communication.
This device is designed to provide with a greater advantage producing voice based
announcement for the user i.e. the user gets the voice which pronounces his need as and
when it is required.

LIST OF TABLES

Table No.
1.

Table Name

Page No.
26

7805 MODE

ii

LIST OF FIGURES

< Font Type: Arial, Bold, Font Size 14>

Block diagram of speaking microcontroller FIG 1.1 Page no. 6

Voice driving circuit .. FIG 1.2 Page no. 7
LED .FIG 1.3 Page no. 7
SWITCHES. FIG 1.4 Page no. 7
7805 voltage regulator IC. FIG 1.5 Page no. 8
Architecture of P89V51RD2BN.. FIG 1.6 Page no. 9
PIN diagram of P89V51RD2BN.. FIG 1.7 Page no. 10
PIN diagram of voice modular IC FIG 1.8 Page no. 14
Layout design of speaking microcontroller FIG 1.9 Page no. 17
Ironing process. FIG 1.10 Page no. 18
Etching process FIG 1.11 Page no. 19
Drilling process. FIG 1.12 Page no. 20
Soldering process. FIG 1.13 Page no. 21
Microcontroller enabled speaking system for deaf and dumb.. FIG 1.14 Page no. 24

iii

1 Introduction
1.1.

General

Micro controller based speaking system for deaf and dumb is designed to give the signs,
which are preloaded in the device. It is a micro controller based device, which gives the alert
sounds just by pressing the control buttons, which are given some redefined messages like
asking for water, washroom etc., here the person can just press the control button which
indicates the sign of water (example) then the device sounds the same with some output
volume. Micro controller is the heart of the device. It stores the data of the needs of the
person. So that it can make use of the data stored whenever the person uses the device.
This device helps the deaf and dumb people to announce their requirements. By this the
person who is near can understand their need and help them. This saves the time to
understand each other and ease in communication his device is designed to provide with a
greater advantage producing voice based announcement for the user i.e. the user gets the
voice which pronounces his need as and when it is required.
The main features of this project
1. User-friendly interaction with the use.
2. Reliable for dumb people.
3. Easy to operate.
This project provides learnings on the fallowing advancements:
1. Characteristics of micro controller.
2. Building audible tone generating circuit.
3. Voice generation circuit.
4. Embedded C programming.
5. PCB design.
The major building blocks of this project are:
1. Regulated Power Supply.
2. User Input Interfacing.
3. Voice Recording Module.
4. Tone Generating circuit
9

5. Micro controller.
1.2.

Block diagram

The block diagram of Microcontroller enabled speaking system for deaf and dumb are as
follows:-

F
ig 1.1: - Simple Block diagram of Microcontroller enabled speaking system for deaf and
dumb.
From the fig 1.1, we can understand the working of Microcontroller enabled speaking system
for deaf and dumb as we can see there are five main blocks as 8051 controller, Regulated
Power Supply, Buzzer, Control Buttons, Voice Driver Circuit, LED Indicator, and IC Based
Voice Circuit. As we can see the microcontroller in the heart of the device and it controls
each and every part of the device. The controller is programmed in C language in Keil IDE
which is used to develop logics. The micro controller controls the voice drive circuit.
This Voice circuit works on 5v Dc and produces a loud sound for different purposes and
behaves as an alarm system.
The fig 1.1 describes the different processes of device as the micro controller controls the
Voice module according to the defined input which we are providing through the switches. All
these switches provide a high pulse for the input port and a predefined programming of the
microcontroller generates the corresponding output signals for different LEDs and different
sounds.
10

8051 C:
The 8051 microcontroller is the heart of the device as it controls each part and
processes of the device. It is the 8 bit microcontroller which provides an automatic control.
Voice Driver Circuit
The APR9600 device offers true single-chip voice recording, non-volatile storage, and
playback capability for 40 to 60 seconds. The device supports both random and sequential
access of multiple messages. Sample rates are user-selectable, allowing designers to
customize their design for unique quality and storage time needs. Integrated output amplifier,
microphone amplifier, and AGC circuits greatly simplify system design. The device is ideal for
use in portable voice recorders, toys, and many other consumer and industrial applications.

Fig 1.2: - Voice Driver Circuit

LEDs:
A Light Emitting Diode is a two lead semiconductor light source that resembles a basic PN
junction diode, except that an LED also emits light.

Fig 1.3: - LEDs

Switches:
In electronics, an electronic switch is an electronic component or device that can switch an
electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another
11

Fig 1.4: - Relay circuit

7805 VOLTAGE REGULATOR:
7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is a member of 78xx series of fixed linear
voltage regulator IC. The voltage source in a circuit may have fluctuations and would not give
the fixed voltage output.

Fig 1.5: - 7805 voltage regulator IC

1.2.1 Components
S. no
Components
1.2.1.1
P89V51RD2BN
1.2.1.2
Voice driver circuit
1.2.1.3
LEDs
1.2.1.4
Resistances
1.2.1.5
Capacitances
1.2.1.6
Crystal
1.2.1.7
Switches
1.2.1.8
7805 IC
1.2.1.9
Adapter
Table: - 1.1 list of components
1.2.1.1

P89V51RD2BN (8051C): The P89V51RD2 is an 80C51 microcontroller with

64 kB Flash and 1024 bytes of data RAM. A key feature of the P89V51RD2 is
its X2 mode option. The design engineer can choose to run the application with
the conventional 80C51 clock rate (12 clocks per machine cycle) or select the
X2 mode (6 clocks per machine cycle) to achieve twice the throughput at the
same clock frequency. Another way to benefit from this feature is to keep the
same performance by reducing the clock frequency by half, thus dramatically
reducing the EMI.
12

The Flash program memory supports both parallel programming and in serial
In-System Programming (ISP). Parallel programming mode offers gangprogramming at high speed, reducing programming costs and time to market.
ISP allows a device to be reprogrammed in the end product under software
control. The capability to field/update the application firmware makes a wide
range of applications possible. The P89V51RD2 is also In-Application
Programmable (IAP), allowing the Flash program memory to be reconfigured
even while the application is running.
The highlighted features are: 80C51 Central Processing Unit
5 V Operating voltage from 0 to 40 MHz
64 kB of on-chip Flash program memory with ISP (In-System Programming)
and IAP (In-Application Programming)
Supports 12-clock (default) or 6-clock mode selection via software or ISP
SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) and enhanced UART
PCA (Programmable Counter Array) with PWM and Capture/Compare
functions
Four 8-bit I/O ports with three high-current Port 1 pins (16 mA each)
Three 16-bit timers/counters
Programmable Watchdog timer (WDT)
Eight interrupt sources with four priority levels
Second DPTR register
Low EMI mode (ALE inhibit)
TTL- and CMOS-compatible logic levels
Block diagram of the IC is shown below to demonstrate the architecture: -

Fig 1.6: - Architecture of P89V51RD2BN

13

To understand the working of this IC lets have a look on PIN diagram of the IC
P89V51RD2BN.

Fig 1.7:- PIN diagram of P89V51RD2BN

The pin description is given in the table below: Symbol

Pin

P0.0 to
P0.7

39-32

P1.0 to
P1.7

1-8

Type

Description

I/O

Port 0: Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bi-directional I/O

port. Port 0 pins that have 1s written to them oat,
and in this state can be used as high-impedance
inputs. Port 0 is also the multiplexed low-order
address and data bus during accesses to external
code and data memory. In this application, it uses
strong internal pull-ups when transitioning to 1s. Port
0 also receives the code bytes during the external
host mode programming, and outputs the code bytes
during the external host mode verication. External
pull-ups are required during program verication or as
a general purpose I/O port.
I/O port with Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port internal
internal pull- pull-up. The Port 1 pins are pulled high by the internal
up
pull-ups when 1s are written to them and can be
used as inputs in this state. As inputs, Port 1 pins that
are externally pulled LOW will source current (IIL)
because of the internal pull-ups. P1.5, P1.6, P1.7
14

have high current drive of 16 mA. Port 1 also receives

the low-order address bytes during the external host
mode programming and verication.
P1.0

P1.1

P1.2

P1.3

P1.4

P1.5

P1.6

P1.7

P2.0 to
P2.7

21-28

P3.0 to
P3.7

10-17

I/O

T2: External count input to Timer/Counter 2 or Clockout from Timer/Counter 2

I
T2EX: Timer/Counter 2 capture/reload trigger and
direction control
I
ECI: External clock input. This signal is the external
clock input for the PCA.
I/O
CEX0: Capture/compare external I/O for PCA Module
0. Each capture/compare module connects to a Port 1
pin for external I/O. When not used by the PCA, this
pin can handle standard I/O.
I/O
SS:
Slave
port
select
input
for
SPI
CEX1:Capture/compare external I/O for PCA Module
1
I/O
MOSI: Master Output Slave Input for SPI
CEX2: Capture/compare external I/O for PCA Module
2
I/O
MISO: Master Input Slave Output for SPI
CEX3: Capture/compare external I/O for PCA Module
3
I/O
SCK: Master Output Slave Input for SPI
CEX4: Capture/compare external I/O for PCA Module
4
I/O
with Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with
internal pull- internal pull-ups. Port 2 pins are pulled HIGH by the
up
internal pull-ups when 1s are written to them and can
be used as inputs in this state. As inputs, Port 2 pins
that are externally pulled LOW will source current (IIL)
because of the internal pull-ups. Port 2 sends the
high-order address byte during fetches from external
program memory and during accesses to external
Data
Memory
that
use
16-bit
address
(MOVX@DPTR). In this application, it uses strong
internal pull-ups when transitioning to 1s. Port 2 also
receives some control signals and a partial of highorder address bits during the external host mode
programming and verication.
I/O
with Port 3: Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with
internal
internal pull-ups. Port 3 pins are pulled HIGH by the
pull-up
internal pull-ups when 1s are written to them and can
be used as inputs in this state. As inputs, Port 3 pins
that are externally pulled LOW will source current (IIL)
because of the internal pull-ups. Port 3 also receives
some control signals and a partial of high-order
15

P3.0
P3.1
P3.2
P3.3
P3.4
P3.5
P3.6
P3.7
PSEN

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
29

I
O
I
I
I
I
O
O

RST

EA

31

ALE/
PROG

30

I/O

NC

I/O

address bits during the external host mode

programming and verication.
RXD: serial input port
TXD: serial output port
INT0: external interrupt 0 input
INT1: external interrupt 1 input
T0: external count input to Timer/Counter 0
T1: external count input to Timer/Counter 1
WR: external data memory write strobe
RD: external data memory read strobe
Program Store Enable: PSEN is the read strobe for
external program memory. When the device is
executing from internal program memory, PSEN is
inactive (HIGH). When the device is executing code
from external program memory, PSEN is activated
twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN
activations are skipped during each access to
external data memory. A forced HIGH-to-LOW input
transition on the PSEN pin while the RST input is
continually held HIGH for more than 10 machine
cycles will cause the device to enter external host
mode programming.
Reset: While the oscillator is running, a HIGH logic
state on this pin for two machine cycles will reset the
device. If the PSEN pin is driven by a HIGH-to-LOW
input transition while the RST input pin is held HIGH,
the device will enter the external host mode,
otherwise the device will enter the normal operation
mode.
External Access Enable: EA must be connected to
VSS in order to enable the device to fetch code from
the external program memory. EA must be strapped
to VDD for internal program execution. However,
Security lock level 4 will disable EA, and program
execution is only possible from internal program
memory. The EA pin can tolerate a high voltage of
12V.
Address Latch Enable: ALE is the output signal for
latching the low byte of the address during an access
to external memory. This pin is also the programming
pulse input (PROG) for ash programming. Normally
the ALE[1] is emitted at a constant rate of 16 the
crystal frequency[2] and can be used for external
timing and clocking. One ALE pulse is skipped during
each access to external data memory. However, if AO
is set to 1, ALE is disabled.
No Connect
16

XTAL1

19

XTAL2

18

VDD
VSS

40
20

Crystal 1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplier and

input to the internal clock generator circuits.
O
Crystal 2: Output from the inverting oscillator
amplier.
I
Power supply
I
Ground
Table 1.1: - PIN description of P89V51RD2BN

1.2.1.1.0 Memory organization

The device has separate address spaces for program and data memory.
1.2.1.1.0.0 Flash program memory
There are two internal ash memory blocks in the device. Block 0 has 64 k bytes and
contains the users code. Block 1 contains the Philips-provided ISP/IAP routines and may be
enabled such that it overlays the rst 8 k bytes of the user code memory.
The 64 kB Block 0 is organized as 512 sectors, each sector consists of 128 bytes.
Access to the IAP routines may be enabled by clearing the BSEL bit in the FCF register.
However, caution must be taken when dynamically changing the BSEL bit. Since this will
cause different physical memory to be mapped to the logical program address space, the
user must avoid clearing the BSEL bit when executing user code within the address range
0000H to 1FFFH.
1.2.1.1.0.1 Data RAM memory
The data RAM has 1024 bytes of internal memory. The device can also address up to 64 kB
for external data memory.
1.2.1.1.0.2 Expanded data RAM addressing
The P89V51RD2 has 1 kB of RAM. See Figure 5 Internal and external data memory
structure. on page 17.
The device has four sections of internal data memory:
1. The lower 128 bytes of RAM (00H to 7FH) are directly and indirectly addressable.
2. The higher 128 bytes of RAM (80H to FFH) are indirectly addressable.
3. The special function registers (80H to FFH) are directly addressable only.
4. The expanded RAM of 768 bytes (00H to 2FFH) is indirectly addressable by the move
external instruction (MOVX) and clearing the EXTRAM bit. (See Auxiliary Register (AUXR) in
Section 6 Special function registers on page 10)
Since the upper 128 bytes occupy the same addresses as the SFRs, the RAM must be
accessed indirectly. The RAM and SFRs space are physically separate even though they
have the same addresses.

Voice Module
The APR9600 device offers true single-chip voice recording, non-volatile storage, and
playback capability for 40 to 60 seconds. The device supports both random and sequential
access of multiple messages. Sample rates are user-selectable, allowing designers to
17

customize their design for unique quality and storage time needs. Integrated output amplifier,
microphone amplifier, and AGC circuits greatly simplify system design. The device is ideal for
use in portable voice recorders, toys, and many other consumer and industrial applications.
APLUS integrated achieves these high levels of storage capability by using its proprietary
analog/multilevel storage technology implemented in an advanced Flash non-volatile memory
process, where each memory cell can store 256 voltage levels.
This technology enables the APR9600 device to reproduce voice signals in their natural form.
It eliminates the need for encoding and compression, which often introduce distortion.

Fig 1.8 :- PIN diagram of voice modular IC

FEATURES
Single-chip, high-quality voice recording & playback solution.
- No external ICs required.
- Minimum external components.
Non-volatile Flash memory technology.
-No battery backup required.
User-Selectable messaging options.
- Random access of multiple fixed-duration messages.
- Sequential access of multiple variable-duration messages.
User-friendly, easy-to-use operation.
- Programming & development systems not required.
- Level-activated recording & edge-activated play back switches.
Low power consumption.
- Operating current: 25 mA typical.
- Standby current: 1 uA typical.
18

- Automatic power-down.

Literature Review
2.1 Microcontroller Devices
A microcontroller can be considered a self-contained system with a processor, memory and
peripherals and can be used as an embedded system.[6] The majority of microcontrollers in
use today are embedded in other machinery, such as automobiles, telephones, appliances,
and peripherals for computer systems. While some embedded systems are very
sophisticated, many have minimal requirements for memory and program length, with no
operating system, and low software complexity. Typical input and output devices include
switches, relays, solenoids, LEDs, small or custom LCD displays, radio frequency devices,
and sensors for data such as temperature, humidity, light level etc. Embedded systems
usually have no keyboard, screen, disks, printers, or other recognizable I/O devices of a
personal computer, and may lack human interaction devices of any kind.
Interrupts
Microcontrollers must provide real time (predictable, though not necessarily fast) response to
events in the embedded system they are controlling. When certain events occur, an interrupt
system can signal the processor to suspend processing the current instruction sequence and
to begin an interrupt service routine (ISR, or "interrupt handler"). The ISR will perform any
processing required based on the source of the interrupt, before returning to the original
instruction sequence. Possible interrupt sources are device dependent, and often include
events such as an internal timer overflow, completing an analog to digital conversion, a logic
level change on an input such as from a button being pressed, and data received on a
communication link. Where power consumption is important as in battery operated devices,
interrupts may also wake a microcontroller from a low power sleep state where the processor
is halted until required to do something by a peripheral event.
Programs
Typically microcontroller programs must fit in the available on-chip program memory, since it
would be costly to provide a system with external, expandable, memory. Compilers and
assemblers are used to convert high-level language and assembler language codes into a
compact machine code for storage in the microcontroller's memory. Depending on the
device, the program memory may be permanent, read-only memory that can only be
programmed at the factory or program memory that may be field-alterable flash or erasable
read-only memory.
Manufacturers have often produced special versions of their microcontrollers in order to help
the hardware and software development of the target system. Originally these included
19

EPROM versions that have a "window" on the top of the device through which program
memory can be erased by ultraviolet light, ready for reprogramming after a programming
("burn") and test cycle. Since 1998, EPROM versions are rare and have been replaced by
EEPROM and flash, which are easier to use (can be erased electronically) and cheaper to
manufacture.
Other versions may be available where the ROM is accessed as an external device rather
than as internal memory, however these are becoming increasingly rare due to the
widespread availability of cheap microcontroller programmers.
The use of field-programmable devices on a microcontroller may allow field update of the
firmware or permit late factory revisions to products that have been assembled but not yet
shipped. Programmable memory also reduces the lead time required for deployment of a
new product.
Where hundreds of thousands of identical devices are required, using parts programmed at
the time of manufacture can be an economical option. These "mask programmed" parts have
the program laid down in the same way as the logic of the chip, at the same time.
A customizable microcontroller incorporates a block of digital logic that can be personalized
in order to provide additional processing capability, peripherals and interfaces that are
adapted to the requirements of the application. For example, the AT91CAP from Atmel has a
block of logic that can be customized during manufacture according to user requirements.
Microcontrollers usually contain from several to dozens of general purpose input/output pins
(GPIO). GPIO pins are software configurable to either an input or an output state. When
GPIO pins are configured to an input state, they are often used to read sensors or external
signals. Configured to the output state, GPIO pins can drive external devices such as LEDs
or motors.
Many embedded systems need to read sensors that produce analog signals. This is the
purpose of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Since processors are built to interpret and
process digital data, i.e. 1s and 0s, they are not able to do anything with the analog signals
that may be sent to it by a device. So the analog to digital converter is used to convert the
incoming data into a form that the processor can recognize. A less common feature on some
microcontrollers is a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) that allows the processor to output
analog signals or voltage levels.
In addition to the converters, many embedded microprocessors include a variety of timers as
well. One of the most common types of timers is the Programmable Interval Timer (PIT). A
PIT may either count down from some value to zero, or up to the capacity of the count
register, overflowing to zero. Once it reaches zero, it sends an interrupt to the processor
indicating that it has finished counting. This is useful for devices such as thermostats, which
periodically test the temperature around them to see if they need to turn the air conditioner
on, the heater on, etc.
A dedicated Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) block makes it possible for the CPU to control
power converters, resistive loads, motors, etc., without using lots of CPU resources in tight
20

timer loops.
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) block makes it possible to receive and
transmit data over a serial line with very little load on the CPU. Dedicated on-chip hardware
also often includes capabilities to communicate with other devices (chips) in digital formats
such as IC and Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI).

3 Methodology
3.1 There are five steps in PCB designing

1. Circuit & layout designing

2. Ironing
3. Etching
4. Drilling
5. Soldering

Circuit & Layout Designing

We have used Cadstar software for circuit design. We have used Orcade for layout
designing. The PCB layout is a mirrored positive one black on white. After the layout
designing we print the layout in butter paper or glossy paper. Now we have the layout. Now
other process has to come.

21

Fig 1.9 :- Layout design of speaking microcontroller

Ironing process

Ironing is the process in which we take the print of layout from glossy paper to PCB.

22

Fig 1.10:- Ironing process

23

Etching process

The developed PCB is etching with a 220 g/l solution of FeCl3 (Ferrous Chloride).
220 gram added to one litter of water and mix it until everything is dissolved.
When the Ferrous Chloride is dissolved it is a clear liquid.After the etching process total part
of copper will be remove.

24

Fig 1.11 :-Etching process

Drilling process

Drilling is the process in which we drill the holes on PCB for the placement of component.

25

Fig 1.12 :-Drilling process

Soldering process
In this process we placed the component in there right place in PCB. We use soldering wire
to place the component tightly.

26

27

Fig 1.13 :- Soldering process

CODING
//Program to interface voice module with 8051 microcontroller (AT89S52)
#include<reg51.h>
sbit ip1=P1^0;
sbit ip2=P1^1;
sbit ip3=P1^2;
sbit ip4=P1^3;

// input for switch1

// input for switch2
// input for switch3
// input for switch4

sbit v1=P2^0;
// output for 1st voice
sbit v2=P2^1; // output for 2nd voice
sbit v3=P2^2; // output for 3rd voice
sbit v4=P2^3; // output for 4th voice
sbit bzr=P2^7;// output for buzzer
void delay(unsigned int count)
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<count;i++)
for(j=0;j<1275;j++);
}
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void main()
{
bzr=0;
ip1=1;

//Function to provide delay

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ip2=1;
ip3=1;
ip4=1;
while(1)
{
if(ip1==0)
{v1=0;
v2=1;
v3=1;
v4=1;
bzr=1;
delay(1000);
}
else if(ip2==0)
{v1=1;
v2=0;
v3=1;
v4=1;
bzr=1;
delay(1000);
}
else if(ip3==0)
{v1=1;
v2=1;
v3=0;
v4=1;
bzr=1;
delay(1000);
}
else if(ip4==0)
{v1=1;
v2=1;
v3=1;
v4=0;
bzr=1;
delay(1000);
}
else
{v1=1;
v2=1;
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v3=1;
v4=1;
}
delay(10);
v1=1;
v2=1;
v3=1;
v4=1;
bzr=0;

RESULT
This device is working properly as per required result.
ggg

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Fig 1.14:- Microcontroller enabled speaking system for deaf and dumb
CONCLUSION
This device is working properly as it is very useful for deaf and dumb people as
they are incapable of speaking and listening things,hence this is a device which
give them a platform to express their feeling at least at a time where they need
help of others. It is one of the innovative idea which we have created in a very
small amount of money hence with a 8 bit microcontroller and a voice module
we have developed a system for the betterment of the society.

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REFERENCE
WEB REFERENCE
www.technido.com
www.electronicstutorials.com
www.mycollegeproject.com
www.sooxmatechnologies.com
www.engineergarage.com
[6] Heath, Steve (2003). Embedded systems design. EDN series for design
engineers (2 ed.). Newnes. pp. 1112. ISBN 9780750655460.
BOOKS REFERENCE
Pic Microcontroller.
Microcontroller and Embedded System.
Mazidi, M.A/Mazidi, J. G. Pearson Edu.

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