fifth Grade

English, science, Math and Social studies

Present Continuous
FORM
[am/is/are + present participle]
Examples:
You are watching TV.
Are you watching TV?
You are not watching TV.
Complete List of Present Continuous Forms
USE 1 Now

Use the Present Continuous with Normal Verbs to express the idea that
something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show
that something is not happening now.
Examples:
You are learning English now.
You are not swimming now.

Are you sleeping?
I am sitting.
I am not standing.
Is he sitting or standing?
They are reading their books.
They are not watching television.
What are you doing?
Why aren't you doing your homework?

Write sentences with each child.

adverbs of manner


Adverbs of manner are usually formed from adjectives by adding ly:
bad > badly; quiet > quietly; recent > recently; sudden > suddenly
but there are sometimes changes in spelling:
easy > easily; gentle > gently
If an adjective ends in ly we use the phrase in a . way to express manner:
Silly > He behaved in a silly way.
Friendly > She spoke in a friendly way.
A few adverbs of manner have the same form as the adjective:
They all worked hard.
She usually arrives late.
I hate driving fast.
Note: hardly and lately have different meanings:
He could hardly walk = It was difficult for him to walk.
I havent seen John lately = I havent seen John recently.
We often use phrases with like as adverbials of manner:
She slept like a baby.
He ran like a rabbit.
Past Continuous
FORM
[was/were + present participle]
Examples:
You were studying when she called.
Were you studying when she called?
You were not studying when she called.
Complete List of Past Continuous Forms
USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past

Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past
was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the
Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an
interruption in time.
Examples:
I was watching TV when she called.
When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.
What were you doing when the earthquake started?
I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm.
You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the
oven off.
While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.
Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane.
While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went
off.
A: What were you doing when you broke your leg?
B: I was snowboarding.
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USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption

In USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by a
shorter action in the Simple Past. However, you can also use a
specific time as an interruption.
Examples:
Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.
Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.
IMPORTANT
In the Simple Past, a specific time is used to show when an action
began or finished. In the Past Continuous, a specific time only
interrupts the action.
Examples:
Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner.
I STARTED EATING AT 6 PM.
Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
I STARTED EARLIER; AND AT 6 PM, I WAS IN THE PROCESS OF
EATING DINNER.
USE 3 Parallel Actions

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When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same
sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening
at the same time. The actions are parallel.
Examples:
I was studying while he was making dinner.
While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.
Were you listening while he was talking?
I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I
made several mistakes.
What were you doing while you were waiting?
Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either.
They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a
good time.
USE 4 Atmosphere
In English, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe the
atmosphere at a particular time in the past.
Example:
When I walked into the office, several
people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones,
the boss was yelling directions, and customers were
waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a
secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to
each other about the bad service.
USE 5 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"

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The Past Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly"
expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often
happened in the past. The concept is very similar to the expression
"used to" but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words
"always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."
Examples:
She was always coming to class late.
He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.
I didn't like them because they were always complaining.
While vs. When
Clauses are groups of words which have meaning, but are often not
complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such
as "when she called" or "when it bit me." Other clauses begin with
"while" such as "while she was sleeping" and "while he was surfing."
When you talk about things in the past, "when" is most often
followed by the verb tense Simple Past, whereas "while" is usually
followed by Past Continuous. "While" expresses the idea of "during
that time." Study the examples below. They have similar meanings,
but they emphasize different parts of the sentence.
Examples:
I was studying when she called.
While I was studying, she called.
REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs
It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be
used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous
meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses.
Instead of using Past Continuous with these verbs, you must
use Simple Past.
Examples:
Jane was being at my house when you arrived. Not Correct
Jane was at my house when you arrived. Correct


Atoms Around Us


Atoms are building blocks. If you want to create a language, you'll
need an alphabet. If you want to build proteins, you will need amino
acids. If you want to build molecules, you will need atoms of
different elements. Each element is a little bit different from the
rest. Those elements are the alphabet in the language of
molecules.

Why are we talking about elements? This is the section on
atoms. Atoms are the general term used to describe pieces of
matter. You are made up of billions and billions of atoms. However,
you may only find about 40 elements inside of your body. You would
find hydrogen (H) atoms, oxygen (O) atoms, and a bunch of others.
Those other atoms are made of the same basic pieces, but they are
organized in different ways to make each element unique.


Common Elements


Let's work with that idea for a bit. If you read a book, you will find
a bunch of words on a page. Letters make up those words. In
English, we only have twenty-six letters, but we can make
thousands of words. In chemistry, you are working with around 120
elements, and when you combine them you can make millions of
molecules.

Molecules are groups of atoms bonded together in the same way
that words are groups of letters. An "A" will always be an "A" no
matter what word it is in. Asodium (Na) atom will always be a
sodium atom no matter what compound it is in. While the atoms
may have different masses and organization, they are all built with
the same parts. Electrons, protons, and neutrons make the
Universe the way it is.

If you want to do a little more thinking, start with the smallest
particles of matter. Those super-tiny subatomic particles are used
to create atoms. Atoms are used to create the molecules around
us. As we just learned, there are almost 120 known types of atoms.
That means there are almost 120 elements that can be found in the
molecules we know. Smaller molecules can work together and
buildmacromolecules. It just goes on. Everything you see is built
from something else.

You could start really small...
- Particles of matter
- Atoms
- Molecules
- Macromolecules
- Cell organelles
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Systems
- Organisms
- Populations
- Ecosystems
- Biospheres
- Planets
- Planetary Systems with Stars
- Galaxies
- The Universe
...And finish really big.

Wow. All of that is possible because of atoms.


The United States of America
Welcome to the United States of America, the "land
of the free and home of the brave".



The USA's People
The people of the United States are very
diverse. The people come from many different
cultures and backgrounds and practice many
different religions. The American people are
dedicated to the pursuit of happiness and freedoms
of speech and religion.
Children go to public school from age 5 to 18. The
average school day is seven hours long with a 45
minute lunch and recess break. Most high school
graduates go on to study at a college or university.
The USA's Homes
There are many different types of houses in the
United States. People live in single family homes,
apartments, townhouses (or rowhouses), mobile
homes, and even igloos in Alaska.
The USA's Culture
The United States, which is also referred to as America, is
made up of many diverse cultures, religions, and races. In
recent years it has become especially important to celebrate
these differences in the cultures and to acknowledge that it is
these distinct differences that make America unique and
special.
Music is everywhere in the United States. One special kind
of music that is typically American is called Jazz. Jazz
music has been strongly influenced by the music of Africa.
Electronic media is an important part of culture in the United

States. Television, movies, music, and video games take up
a great amount of American's free time.
Native Americans had lived in America for many centuries
before it was discovered. Gradually, settlers from mostly
Europe and Mexico populated the lands and drove off the
Native Americans from the lands where they had lived for
many thousands of years. Even though Native Americans
were the first people to live on the land of The United States,
the Native American population is only 1% of the total
population of the country. Many state and city names come
from Native American words. For example, Mississippi
comes from the word misi which means big and sipi which
means river.








The USA's Foods
Some favorite foods that Americans like to eat
include hamburgers, French fries, and a soda such
as Coca-Cola or Pepsi. In some areas of the United
States people refer to Coke or Pepsi as a soft drink
or soda pop. Pizza is another favorite among
Americans. Ethnic foods such as Mexican and
Chinese are also very popular. The diverse
population of people living in the United States has
brought many different foods to this country.
The USA's Activities
Baseball is often referred to as the American National pastime. Many
Americans also play or enjoy watching football, soccer, hockey and
basketball. Girls as well as boys are involved in many sports in the
United States.
The USA's Animals
The northwestern states are home to grizzly bears, elk, and
deer. Southern states are home to crocodiles and
snakes. Northeastern states have many opossum, raccoon, rabbits,
skunk and deer in the forests. There are many different climates and
ecosystems in the United States that each hold a unique variety of
animals and plants.



The USA's Holidays and Celebrations
Thanksgiving is celebrated on November 29th. It is a time
to give thanks for the harvest. The holiday was started in
the 1600's with the Pilgrims who first came to
America. President Lincoln declared Thanksgiving a
national holiday in 1863.
On Thanksgiving it is tradition to celebrate with a big
meal. Most Americans serve turkey or ham, cranberry
sauce, potatoes, corn, and pumpkin pie as well as many
other foods. Families usually try to have Thanksgiving
together.
The USA's Land
The United States is made up of many cities,
suburbs, and smaller towns. Big cities can be found
in every state. The cities, states, and regions of the
United States often have unique landmarks, foods,
celebrations, and dialects that make them different
from other areas of this vast nation.
It is usually cooler in the north and warmer in the
south. Most of the United States goes through four
seasonal changes: winter, spring, summer, and fall.
The USA's Cities and Landmarks
The Statue of Liberty was a special gift that was
given to the United States by the country of
France. The statue is located on a small island off
the coast of New York and New Jersey. The statue
has been a symbol of freedom to Americans since it
welcomed many immigrants on their way in to Ellis
Island.




The USA's Facts:
Area: 3,536,341 sq.
miles
Capital
City: Washington,
DC
Population: 272
million
Main
Language: English
Currency: US Dollar
Industries: leading
industrial power in
the world, highly
diversified and
technologically
advanced; petroleum,
steel, motor vehicles,
aerospace,
telecommunications,
chemicals,
electronics, food
processing,
consumer goods,
lumber, mining








Biography
President Barack Obama



Barack Obama was the 44th President of the United States.

Served as President: 2009-present
Vice President: Joseph Biden
Party: Democrat
Age at inauguration: 47

Born: August 4, 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii


Married: Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama
Children: Malia, Sasha
Nickname: none



Biography:

What is Barack Obama most known for?

Barack Obama is most famous for being the first African American
President of the United States.