Anholonomic Deformations in Einstein and Lagrange-Finsler Gravity and Ricci Flow Theories

The Method of Anholonomic Deformations ...
Anholonomic Deformations in
Einstein and Lagrange–Finsler
Gravity and Ricci Flow Theories
A Brief Review
Sergiu I. Vacaru
Science Department UAIC
Seminarul Informal de Noutǎţi Geometrice

(SING)
November 17, 2009
091117uaic˙transp.tex
c Sergiu I. Vacaru 2009
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Abstract
I review a geometric approach for constructing exact
solutions in gravity and Ricci flow theories:
the method of anholonomic deformations.

The formalism is derived following the geometry of
nonlinear connections and associated nonholonomic
frames developed in Lagrange–Finsler geometry.
We apply such methods for semi–Riemannian spaces,

Einstein gravity and generalizations,
analogous Lagrange–Finsler models of Einstein spaces and
Ricci evolution/flow of fundamental geometric structures.
There are summarized and discussed former results and

future developments in modern geometry and physics.
References
PDF files in: arXive.org/ Vacaru
http://www.scribd.com/people/documents/1455460-
sergiu-vacaru
° 2/ 21
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Subjects
I. Preliminaries: Nonlinear Connections
II. General Solutions in Gravity

a. Separation of Einstein eqs for
distinguished connections
b. Integration of (non) holonomic Einstein eqs
III. Analogous Lagrange–Finsler Models of Gravity
IV. Nonholonomic Ricci Flows
V. Conclusions and Perspectives
° 3/ 21
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I. Preliminaries: Nonlinear Connections
Concept/ coefficient form of N–connections: H. Cartan, A. Kawaguchi, Ehressman ....

1. R. Miron and M. Anastasiei, The Geometry of Lagrange Spaces ...(Kluwer, 1994)
2. G. Vranceanu, Sure les espaces non holonomes. C. R. Acad. Paris 103 (1926) 852–854
3. A. Bejancu and H. R. Farran, Foliations and Geometric Structures (Springer, 2005)
4. S. Vacaru, Finsler and Lagrange geometries in Einstein and string gravity, Int. J. Geom.
Methods. Mod. Phys. (IJGMMP) 5 (2008) 473-511
Geometry of Nonholonomic Manifolds/Bundles

Geometrization of nonholonomic mechanics =⇒
concept of nonholonomic manifold V = (M, D)
smooth & orientable M , non–integrable distribution D
N–anholonomic manifold enabled with nonlinear
connection (N–connection) structure
N : T V = hV ⊕ vV
Examples:
1) V is a (semi/pseudo) Riemannian manifold
2) V = E(M ), or = T M, is a vector, or tangent, bundle
Local coordinates u = (x, y), or uα = (xi, y a)

h–indices: i, j, ... = 1, 2, 3 and v–indices: a, b, ... = 4, 5
Local coefficients N = Nia(u) dxi ⊗ ∂y∂ a

Particular case: Nia(u) = Γabi(x)y b
° 4/ 21
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Proposition:
∃ N–adapted (co) frames (vielbeins)
µ ¶
∂ ∂ ∂
eν = ei = i − Nia(u) a , ea = a ,
∂x ∂y ∂y
µ
¡ i i a a a i
¢
e = e = dx , e = dy + Ni (u)dx .
γ
Nonholonomy: [eα, eβ ] = eαeβ − eβ eα = Wαβ eγ
Anholonomy coefficients Wiab = ∂aNib and W¡jia =¢ Ωaij ,
N–connection curvature Ωaij = ej (Nia) − ei Nja
γ
holonomic/ integrable case Wαβ = 0.
¤
Distinguished Connections:
A d–connection D on V is a linear connection preserving
under parallelism the N–connection splitting.
γ ¡ i a i a
¢
Locally, D ⇒ Γ αβ = Ljk , Lbk , Cjc, Cbc ,
h
D = (Lijk , Labk ) and v D = (Cjc
i a
, Cbc )
Distinguished objects: d–objects, d–tensors
d–vectors X = hX + vX = hX + v X
Y =hY + vY,
N–adapted geometric constructions.
Levi–Civita connection ∇ is not N–adapted
° 5/ 21
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Torsion and Curvature d–tensors

Torsion of D =( hD, v
D), by the d–tensor field
T(X, Y) + DXY − DY X − [X, Y],
T(X, Y) = {hT(hX, hY), hT(hX, vY), ..., vTvX, vY)}
N–adapted: T = {Tαβγ = (T ijk , T ija, T ajk , T bja, T bca)}
Curvature: R(X, Y) + DXDY − DY DX−D[X,Y],
α
¡ i a i c i c
¢
R = {R βγδ = R hjk ,R bjk ,R hja,R bja,R hba,R bea }
Ricci: Ric + {Rβγ = Rαβγα = (Rij , Ria, Rai, Rab)}
Distinguished metric (d–metric)

g = hg⊕Nvg = [ hg, v g]
g = gij (x, y) ei ⊗ ej + hab(x, y) ea ⊗ eb
Coordinate co–frames: g = g αβ (u) duα ⊗ duβ

· ¸
gij + NiaNjbhab Njehae
g αβ =
Niehbe hab
for Nje(u) = Nje(x, y)

Data for generic off–diagonal metrics and N–connections
£ b
¤
g = {gαβ } = gij , hab, Nj
° 6/ 21
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Levi–Civita and canonical d–connection

Levi–Civita connection ∇ = { g Γγαβ },
T αβγ = 0 and ∇g =0
Canonical d–connection D b = { gΓ
bγ }
αβ
b =0 and hT(hX,
Dg b b
hY ) = 0, v T(vX, vY ) = 0
g γ
Γ = gΓ b γ + gZ γ
αβ αβ αβ
g γ
Distortion tensor Z αβ
completely defined by g
³ ´
bγ = L
N–adapted coefficients Γ bi , L
ba , C
bi , C
ba ,
αβ jk bk jc bc
b i 1 ir
Ljk = g (ek gjr + ej gkr − er gjk ) ,
2
b a a 1 ac ¡ d d
¢
Lbk = eb(Nk ) + h ek hbc − hdc ebNk − hdb ecNk ,
2
b i 1 ik b a 1 ad
Cjc = g ecgjk , Cbc = h (echbd + echcd − edhbc) .
2 2
bγ
Nontrivial torsion T αβ
Tbija = C
bjb
i ba
, T ji = −Ωaji, Tbaj
c bcaj − ea(Njc)
=L
bγ = 0
If T αβ
g γ g bγ
Γ αβ = Γ αβ
b
even, in general, ∇ 6= D
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II. General Solutions in Gravity
a. Separation of Einstein eqs for d–connections

The Einstein equations for a d–metric gβδ can be
rewritten equivalently using the canonical d–connection,
Rb βδ − 1 gβδ sR = Υβδ ,
2
bcaj = ea(Njc), C
L bjb
i
= 0, Ωaji = 0,
b βδ is for Γ
Ricci tensor R b γ , sR = gβδ R
b βδ and
αβ
Υβδ → κTβδ for D b → ∇.
For instance, (2+2) splitting, (uα = (xk , t, y 4),

ansatz with Killing symmetry ∂/∂y 4,
K
g = g1(xk )dx1 ⊗ dx1 + g2(xk )dx2 ⊗ dx2
+h3(xk , t)e3⊗e3 + h4(xk , t)e4⊗e4
where for Ni3 = wi(xk , t), Ni4 = ni(xk , t),

e3 = dt + wi(xk , t)dxi,
e4 = dy 4 + ni(xk , t)dxi
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Theorem 1 (Separation of Eqs)

The Einstein eqs for ansatz K g and Db are:
b 1 b 2 1
−R1 = −R2 = (1)
" 2g g
1 2 #
• • • 2 0 0 0 2
g g (g ) gg (g )
g2•• − 1 2 − 2 + g100 − 1 2 − 1 = Υ4(xk ),
2g1 2g2 2g2 2g1
−Rb 3 = −Rb4 =
3 " 4 #
2
1 ∗∗ (h∗4 ) h∗3 h∗4
h4 − − = Υ2(xk , t), (2)
2h3h4 2h4 2h3
" #
b wk (h∗4 )2 h∗3 h∗4
R3k = h∗∗ − − (3)
2h4 4 2h4 2h3
∗
µ ¶
h4 ∂k h3 ∂k h4 ∂k h∗4
+ + − = 0,
4h4 h3 h4 2h4
µ ¶
b4k h4 ∗∗ h4 ∗ 3 ∗ n∗k
R = nk + h3 − h4 = 0, (4)
2h3 h3 2 2h3
where a• = ∂a/∂x1, a0 = ∂a/∂x2, a∗ = ∂a/∂t.
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b)Integration of (non)holonomic Einstein eq
Theorem 2 (Integral Varieties)

Eqs(1)–(4), written for h∗3,4 6= 0 and Υ2,4 6= 0,
ψ̈ + ψ 00
2Υ4(xk )
= (5)
h∗4
2h3h4Υ2(xi, t)/φ∗
= (6)
βwi + αi
0 = (7)
n∗∗
i + γni
0 ∗
= (8)
³ ´ ∗
h∗4 |h4 |3/2
αi = h4 ∂iφ, β = h4 φ , φ = ln | √
∗ ∗ ∗
|, γ = ln |h3|
|h3 h4 |
ψ(xk )
General solution: g1 = g2 = e
Z
0 k (exp[2 φ(xk , t)])∗
h4 = h4(x ) ± 2 dt,
Υ2
·q ¸2
1
h3 = ± |h∗4 (xi, t)| exp[−2 φ(xk , t)]
4
wi = −∂iφ/φ∗ Z
1
¡ i
¢ 2
¡ i
¢ p
ni = nk x + nk x [h3/( |h4|)3]dt
Levi–Civita (LC) conditions:

wi∗ = ei ln |h4|, ek wi = eiwk , n∗i = 0, ∂ink = ∂k ni
° 10/ 21
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Important special cases

a) h∗4 = 0 → Υ2 = 0;
K ψ(xk )
1 g = e dxi ⊗ dxi + h3(xk , t)e3⊗e3 + 0h4(xk )e4⊗e4,
e = dt + w·i(xk , t)dxi,
3
¸
Z
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
e4 = dy 4 + 1nk xi + 2nk xi h3dt dxi,
arbitrary generating functions h¡3(x¢k , t), wi(xk¡, t),

¢
0
h4 (xk
)
and integration functions 1nk xi and 2nk xi .
¡ i¢
LC–cond. nk x = 0 and ∂i 1nk = ∂k 1ni,
2
wi∗ + ∂i 0h4 = 0 and ∂i wk = ∂k wi.

b) h∗3 = 0 and h∗4 6= 0;
K ψ(xk )
2 g= e dxi ⊗ dxi − 0h3(xk )e3⊗e3 + h4(xk , t)e4⊗e4,
e = dt + wi(xk , t)dxi, e4 = dy 4 + ni(xk , t)dxi,
3
∗ 2
(h 4)
h∗∗
4 − − 2 0
h 3 h4 Υ2 (xk
, t) = 0,
2h4 Z
1
¡ i
¢ 2
¡ i
¢ p
ni = nk x + nk x [1/( |h4|)3]dt,
p
e e∗ e ∗
and wi = −∂iφ/φ , for φ = ln |h4 / | 0h3h4||.
¡ i¢
LC–configurations: nk x = 0 and ∂i 1nk = ∂k 1ni,
2
³ ´∗ ³ ´∗
e + wi[φ]
wi[φ] e h4[φ] e + ∂ih4[φ] e = 0,
e = ∂k wi[φ].
∂i wk [φ] e
° 11/ 21
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c) φ = φ0 = const
If h∗3 6= 0 and h∗4 6= 0, 0h = const,
K k k
3 g =eψ(x )dx1 ⊗ dx1 + eψ(x )dx2 ⊗ dx2
0 2
£ ∗ ¡ i ¢¤2 ¡ i ¢ 3 3 2
¡ i ¢ 4 4
− h f x , t |ςΥ x , t |e ⊗e + f x , t e ⊗e ,
3 k i 4 4
¡ i ¢ i
e = dt + wi(x , t)dx , e = dy + nk x , t dx ,
¡ k ¢
∂iςΥ x , t
Solutions: wi = − ∗ k or any wi(xk , t) if h∗4 = 0,
ςΥ (x , t) ,
Z £ ∗ ¡ i ¢¤2
1
¡ i¢ 2 ¡ i¢ f x ,t ¡ i ¢
nk = nk x + nk x 2 ςΥ x , t dt,
i
[f (x , t)]
Z
¡ i ¢ ¡ i¢ h20 k 2
¡ i ¢2
for ςΥ x , t = ς4[0] x − Υ2(x , t)[f x , t ] dt
16
¡ i¢ ¡ i ¢
We chose ς4[0] x = ±1 if ςΥ x , t = ±1 for Υ2 → 0.
0 2
£ ∗ ¡ i ¢¤2 2
¡ i ¢
In such a case, h3 = − ph f x , tp , h4 = f x , t
solve the equation (2), |h3| = 0h( |h4|)∗.
2
¡ i¢ 1
¡ i¢
LC–conditions: nk x = 0 and nk x are any
functions ∂i 1nk = ∂k 1ni. Constraints on wi = −∂iςΥ/ςΥ∗
result in constraints on ςΥ determined by Υ2 and f,
(wi[ςΥ])∗ + wi[ςΥ] (h4[ςΥ])∗ + ∂ih4[ςΥ] = 0,
∂i wk [ςΥ] = ∂k wi[ςΥ]
° 12/ 21
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General Solutions
Non–Killing metrics
Dependence on 4th coordinate via ω 2(xj , t, y)
g = +gi(xk )dxi ⊗ dxi + ω 2(xj , t, y)ha(xk , t)ea⊗ea,
e3 = dy 3 + wi(xk , t)dxi, e4 = dy 4 + ni(xk , t)dxi,
ek ω = ∂k ω + wk ω ∗ + nk ∂ω/∂y = 0,
ω 2 = 1 results in solutions with Killing symmetry.
Sketch proof: Recompute the Ricci h–v and v–components
and get zero distortion contribution for v– d’Allambert
conditions, and/or additional sources determined by ω.
N–deformations and exact solutions
’Polarizations’ ηα and ηia, nonholonomic deformations,
◦
g = [ ◦gi, ◦ha, ◦Nka] → η g = [ gi, ha, Nka].
Deformations of frame/metric/fundamental geometric
structures are more general than moving frame method:
η
g = ηi(xk , t) ◦gi(xk , t)dxi ⊗ dxi
+ ηa(xk , t) ◦ha(xk , t)ea⊗ea,
e3 = dt + ηi3(xk , t) ◦wi(xk , t)dxi,
e4 = dy 4 + ηi4(xk , t) ◦ni(xk , t)dxi.
° 13/ 21
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Remarks:
1. ”Almost” any solution of Einstein eqs, gα0β 0 , via frame/
α0
coordinate transform eα = e α(xi, y a)eα0 ,
0
α0 β
gαβ = e αe β gα0β 0 , can be expressed in a form gαβ =
¯ ¯
¯ g1 + ω 2 (w12 h3 + ω 2 (n12 h4 ) ω 2 (w1 w2 h3 + n1 n2 h4 ) ω 2 w1 h3 ω 2 n1 h4 ¯
¯ ¯
¯ ω 2 (w1 w2 h3 + n1 n2 h4 ) g2 + ω 2 (w22 h3 + n22 h4 ) ω 2 w2 h3 ω 2 n2 h4 ¯
¯ ¯
¯ ω 2 w1 h3 ω 2 w2 h 3 h3 0 ¯
¯ ¯
¯ 2
ω n1 h4 2
ω n2 h4 0 h4 ¯
2. Concept of general solutions for systems of nonlinear

partial differential eqs? Topology, symmetries etc.
Arbitrariness and uniqueness of solutions, sources?
3. Kawaguchi metrization procedure and Miron’s sets of
metric compatible d–connections, generalized connections
(the set of connections completely defined by a metric
structure and various types of nonholonomic distributions)
4. Complex/supersymmetric/ nonholonomic / quantum
distributions – applications to modern gravity and physics
5. Higher dimension generalizations - ”shell by shell”.
Almost Kähler/ Hermitian structures etc, generalized
(algebroid etc) symmetries. Nontrivial topology etc
6. Exact solutions in astrophysics, cosmology: black
ellipsoids/toruses, wormholes, solitons, Dirac waves,
pp–waves etc
° 14/ 21
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III. Analogous Gravity and Lagrange–Finsler

Geometry
Unified formalism for Riemann–Cartan, Finsler spaces and geometric mechanics.

M. Visser’s works on analogous gravity. ”Pseudo” (relativistic) geometric mechanics.
Signature (− + ++), local pseudo–Euclidian with x1 = i ◦ x1 , i2 = −1.
Lagrange spaces
”Mechanical” modelling of gravitational interactions on
semi–Riemannian manifolds V, or E = TM,
fundamental/generating Lagrange function L(x, y) :
2
L 1 ∂ L
gab = , det|gab| 6= 0.
2 ∂y a∂y b
Canonical N–connection
L i ∂ LGi L i 1 L ij ∂ 2L k ∂L
Nj (x, y) = , G = g ( i ky − i)
∂y j 4 ∂y ∂x ∂x
i
nonlinear geodesic equations for xi(τ ), y i = dx dτ
d2xi L i k dx
j
+ 2 G (x , )=0
dτ 2 dτ
equivalent to Euler–Lagrange eqs dτd ( ∂y
∂L ∂L
i ) − ∂xi = 0
³ ´
c c γ
Cartan’s d–connection D : Γ αβ = L b ,C
i b ,
a
jk bc
c
D Lg = 0, for instance, Sasaki lift of L ij
g to L
g on
T M.
° 15/ 21
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Finsler geometry
Fundamental Finsler function F (x, λ) = λF (x, y) for
0 6= λ ∈ R, particular case of Lagrange geometry L = F 2.
Theorem: Any Lagrange (Finsler) geometry can be
modelled equivalently as a N–anholonomic Riemann
manifold V, and inversely, with canonically induced by L
(F ) d–metric structure
L
g = Lgij (u) ei ⊗ ej + Lgab(u) Lea ⊗ Leb
ei = dxi, Leb = dy b + LNjb(u)dxj ;
Lb L
(not) N–adapted connections, D; equivalently, ∇.
Almost Kähler variables/models in gravity and/or
Lagrange–Finsler geometry (quantum gravity,
nonsymmetric metrics, nonholonomic Ricci flows).
Almost complex structure: J(ei) = −ei and J(ei) = ei
L 1 ∂L i
L(x, y) induces a canonical 1–form ω= 2 ∂y i e
metric Lg induces a canonical 2–form

L
θ(X, Y) + Lg(JX, Y) = Lgij (x, y)ei ∧ ei
An almost Kähler model of Lagrange–Finsler spaces with
the Cartan d–connection θ Db = cD,
θb b X J = 0.
DX Lg = 0 and θ D
° 16/ 21
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Main publications (with M. Anastasiei, P. Stavrinos, E. Gaburov, D. Gonţa, D. Sin-

gleton, O. Ţı̂nţǎreanu–Mircea, F.–C. Popa ...)
Remarks:
1. There is a unique geometric formalism of nonholonomic
deformations and analogous modeling of gravitational and
”pseudo” mechanical interactions. It originates from the
Poincaré principle of duality of geometries and physical
theories.
2. All Lagrange–Finsler like geometric objects can be
related to nonholonomic (pseudo) Riemannian / almost
0
α0 β
Kähler similar ones, gαβ = e αe β gα0β 0
3. Key questions: for what types of connections we
postulate the field equations and what class of
nonholonomic constraints is involved?
4. In Finsler geometry, different d–connections
³ (for ´
γ
instance) Chern’s connection ChΓ αβ = L bi , C
ba = 0 ,
jk bc
Ch
D F g 6= 0, but Ch
T = 0.
5. Nonmetricity is not compatible with standard physics:
a. Definition of spinors; b. Conservation laws;
c. Supersymmetric / noncommutative generalizations of
Finsler like spaces;
d. Exact solutions?
° 17/ 21
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IV. Nonholonomic Ricci Flows
Constrained Ricci Evolution

(Non) commutative/ supersymmetric Lagrange–Finsler,
almost Kähler and nonholonomic Ricci flows
1. Families regular Lagrangians L(u, χ) = L(x, y, χ) on
T M, or V
2. for instance, gαβ as solutions of Einstein eqs
Rαβ = λ gαβ
3. gαβ (χ) as solutions of the Ricci flow eqs
∂gαβ
= −2Rαβ
∂χ
real parameter χ, Ricci tensor Rαβ for the Levi Civita
connection ∇ or any metric compatible connection D,
Dg = 0, but torsion g,D T 6= 0
4. N–adapted evolution
∂ h i ∂
b
gii = −2 Rii − λgii − hcc (Nic)2,
∂χ ∂χ
∂ ³ ´
haa = −2 R baa − λhaa ,
∂χ
bαβ = 0, for α 6= β
R
° 18/ 21
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S. Vacaru and M. Visinescu: Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 22 (2007) 1135

S. Vacaru: Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 21 (2006) 4899; J. Math. Phys. 49 (2008) 043504;
Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics (EJTP) 6, N21 (2009) 63; 6, N20, (2009) 27;
Int. J. Theor. Phys. 48 (2009) 579; Rep. Math. Phys. 63 (2009) 95; J. Math. Phys.
50 (2009) 073503
Nonholonomic Ricci flows and exact solutions

Using exact solutions for Einstein (non) holonomic
manifolds. Examples Nic(χ):
∂ ∂
a) ∂χ haa = 0, constraint: ∂χ [gii + hcc (Nic)2] = 0
∂
b) ∂χ [hcc (Nic)2] = 0,
[gij and/or hab] are d–metrics not depending on χ;
we get families of wi(xk , t, χ), ni(xk , t, χ)
∂
c) Constraints ∂χ [hcc (Nic)2] = 0 on integration functions
b11 = R
R b22 = −Υ4(xk ), R
b33 = Rb44 = −Υ2(xk , t)
∂ ∂
gii = 2(Υ4 + λ)gii, haa = 2(Υ2 + λ)haa
∂χ ∂χ
• nonholonomic evolution of (semi) Riemannian
geometries into Lagrange–Finsler/ nonsymmetric ones
• (non) commutative and supersymmetric Ricci flows
• running of physical constants
• nonholonomic mutual flows/tansforms/deformations of
black elipsoids/torus/wormholes/ cosmologies etc
° 19/ 21
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V. Conclusions and Perspectives
Conclusions
Anholonomic deformations → geometric method of
constructing exact solutions of arbitrary dimensions.
Mach and Poincaré: Geometry – Fields conventionalism.
Poincaré Convention/Theorem/Hypothesis on spacetime
topology and 3–d, geometrization of mechanics/ physics.
Main Directions after 1994 (active research with ?)

1. ? Exact solutions in gravity and applications
2. ? Gauge Models of Locally Anisotropic Gravity (and
supersymmetric and noncommutative generalizations)
3. ? Nonholonomic Clifford–Lagrange Structures and Finsler
Spinors
4. ? Lagrange–Finlser twistor theory
5. Lagrange–Finsler supergeometry and strings, branes
6. ? Noncommutative Lagrange–Finsler geometry and gravity
7. Metric–Affine Lagrange–Finsler Spaces
° 20/ 21
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8. (Supersymmetric) Locally Anistoropic kinetic and

stochastic processes
9. Geometric thermodynamics and Lagrange–Finsler
geometry
10. Antisymmetric metrics and nonholonomic gravity
11. ? Nonholonomic Ricci Flows, generalized (non)
commutative and/or nonsymmetric metrics and
connections.
12. Non–integrable curve flows and solitonic hierarchies
13. ? Quantum Gravity and Lagrange–Finsler methods
14. ? Gerbes and Atiah–Singer Theorems for Clifford–Finsler
spaces, topologically nontrivial exact solutions
15. ? Clifford nonholonomic algebroids and exact solutions
16. Nearly Autoparallel Maps of Nonholonomic (Super) Spaces
17. Analogous Gravity and Geometric Methods in Physics
18. ? Lagrange–Finsler Cosmology
19. ? Generalized nonholonomic complex/ Hermit / Kähler
structures in geometry and classical and quantum gravity,
Ricci flow theory
20. Geometric methods in condensed matter/ plasma ...
physics, biophysics, economics
° 21/ 21
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Anholonomic Deformations in Einstein and Lagrange-Finsler Gravity and Ricci Flow Theories

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The Method of Anholonomic Deformations ...

Science Department UAIC

Seminarul Informal de Noutǎţi Geometrice

the method of anholonomic deformations.

We apply such methods for semi–Riemannian spaces,

There are summarized and discussed former results and

PDF files in: arXive.org/ Vacaru

I. Preliminaries: Nonlinear Connections

II. General Solutions in Gravity

III. Analogous Lagrange–Finsler Models of Gravity

IV. Nonholonomic Ricci Flows

V. Conclusions and Perspectives

I. Preliminaries: Nonlinear Connections

Concept/ coefficient form of N–connections: H. Cartan, A. Kawaguchi, Ehressman ....

Geometry of Nonholonomic Manifolds/Bundles

Local coordinates u = (x, y), or uα = (xi, y a)

Local coefficients N = Nia(u) dxi ⊗ ∂y∂ a

Torsion and Curvature d–tensors

Ricci: Ric + {Rβγ = Rαβγα = (Rij , Ria, Rai, Rab)}

Distinguished metric (d–metric)

Coordinate co–frames: g = g αβ (u) duα ⊗ duβ

for Nje(u) = Nje(x, y)

Levi–Civita and canonical d–connection

II. General Solutions in Gravity

a. Separation of Einstein eqs for d–connections

For instance, (2+2) splitting, (uα = (xk , t, y 4),

where for Ni3 = wi(xk , t), Ni4 = ni(xk , t),

Theorem 1 (Separation of Eqs)

where a• = ∂a/∂x1, a0 = ∂a/∂x2, a∗ = ∂a/∂t.

b)Integration of (non)holonomic Einstein eq

Theorem 2 (Integral Varieties)

Levi–Civita (LC) conditions:

Important special cases

arbitrary generating functions h¡3(x¢k , t), wi(xk¡, t),

wi∗ + ∂i 0h4 = 0 and ∂i wk = ∂k wi.

2. Concept of general solutions for systems of nonlinear

III. Analogous Gravity and Lagrange–Finsler

Unified formalism for Riemann–Cartan, Finsler spaces and geometric mechanics.

metric Lg induces a canonical 2–form

Main publications (with M. Anastasiei, P. Stavrinos, E. Gaburov, D. Gonţa, D. Sin-

IV. Nonholonomic Ricci Flows

Constrained Ricci Evolution

S. Vacaru and M. Visinescu: Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 22 (2007) 1135

Nonholonomic Ricci flows and exact solutions

V. Conclusions and Perspectives

Main Directions after 1994 (active research with ?)

8. (Supersymmetric) Locally Anistoropic kinetic and

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