Edu Joshuatly Com Juj 2010 Chemistry PDF March 1 2012-12-12 Am 1 6 Meg

Projek Jawab Untuk Jaya 2010
CHEMISTRY SCORE A MODULE

SET

1. The Structure of Atom
2. Chemical Formulae and Equations
3. Periodic Table of Elements
4. Chemical Bonds

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PAPER 2 STRUCTURE
SECTION A

1 Diagram 1 shows the graph for the temperature against time of solid substance X when
heated. Substance X is an organic compound and flammable.

Diagram 1

(a) Draw a set-up of the apparatus used to determine the melting point of substance X.

[2 marks]

(b) (i) State the melting point of substance X

.................................................................................................................................
. [1 mark]

(ii) What is the state of matter of substance X at :

PQ : ................................................................................................................

Temperature /
0
C
Time/
s
78
3
0
36
0
P
Q
R
S
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RS :
.......................................................................................................................... [2
marks]

(iii) Explain why the temperature remains constant from Q to R.

..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(iv) State how the movement of substance X particles changes between R and S
during heating.

[1 mark]

(c) If substance X is cooled to the room temperature without stirring, draw the graph of
temperature against time obtained.

[2
marks]
(d) Identify substance X

..............................................................................................................................................
....

[1 mark]

2 Diagram 2 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements.V,W,X,Y and Z do not represent
the actual symbol of the elements.

1
18
2 13 14 15 16 17
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W X V Z
Y

DIAGRAM 2

(a) Write the electron arrangement of V ion.

..............
...[1 mark ]

(b) (i) Which of the element is not chemically reactive.

.
.......................................................................................................................[1 mark ]

(ii) Explain your answer in (b)(i).

................................................................................................................................

[2 marks ]

(b) V and Y are located in the same group in the Periodic Table of Elements.

(i) Which of the element is more reactive?

.................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(ii) Explain your answer in (c)(i).

............................
..........

............................
..........

............................
..........

[3 marks]

(d) Y reacts with iron to form a compound.

(i) State one physical property of the compound formed.

...................... [1 mark]
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(ii) Draw a set up of apparatus of the reaction between Y and iron, Fe

[2
marks]

3 Table 3 shows the melting point, boiling point and electrical conductivity of substances P, Q,
R, and T.

Substance
Melting point
(
o
C)
Boiling point
(
o
C )
Electrical conductivity
Solid Molten
P 805 1460 No Yes
Q

1549 2950 Yes Yes
R

-210 -153 No No
T

-7 59 No No

Table 3

(a) Which of the substances is exist as a metal ?

.
[1 mark]

(b) (i) State the type of particle in substance P ?

..
[1 mark]

(ii) Explain why substance P cannot conduct electricity in solid but can conduct
electricity in molten state.

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.................................................................................................................................
..............

..............................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(c) (i) What is the physical state of R and T at room temperature ?

R : ............................................
T : ......................................
[2 marks]
(ii) Draw the arrangement of particles in substance T at room temperature .

[2 marks ]

(iii) Explain why the melting and boiling points of substance R and T is low ?

[2 marks ]

4 Diagram 4 shows the electron arrangement of compound J. Compound J is formed from
the reaction between element X and element Y

__ 2 +
__

Y X Y

Diagram 4

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(a) State how are Y ion and X ion formed from their respective atoms?

Y ion:
..

X ion :

[ 2 marks]

(b) (i) Write the formula for compound J

....................................................................................................................
... [1 mark]

(ii) Name type of bond in compound J

....................................................................................................................
... [1 mark]

(iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between element X and
element Y to form compound J.

.......................................................................................................................
..................
[1 mark]
(c) (i) Write the electron arrangement for atom of elements X and Y
X :.
Y : ..
[2 marks]
(ii) Between the atoms of elements X and Y, which one has a smaller size.
....................................................................................................................
......

[1
mar
k]
Explain your answer in (b) (ii)

.........................................................................................................................
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....................................................................................................................
.....
[
2
mar
ks]

(d) Y can react with carbon to form a compound. Draw the electron arrangement for
the compound formed.
[Given that proton number for carbon is 6]

[2 marks]
5 In an experiment to determine the empirical formula of an oxide of copper , the
combustion tube with the porcelain dish are weighed. Oxide of copper is added into the
porcelain dish and the tube is weighed again. The oxide of copper is heated strongly.
After the set of apparatus cools down to room temperature the combustion tube with its
content is weighed again.

The following data is obtained.

Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish = 19.60 g
Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + oxide of copper = 25.68 g
Mass of combustion tube +porcelain dish + copper = 24.46 g

(a) What is meant by empirical formula?

[1 mark]
(b) Draw a set-up of the apparatus for the experiment.

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[2 marks]

(c) Calculate the empirical formula of the oxide of copper.
[Given that the relative atomic mass of O=16 , Cu=64]

[3
marks]

(d) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in the experiment.

..............
.................

[1 mark]

(e) Before oxide of copper is heated, hydrogen gas is allowed to pass through the
apparatus until all the air in the combustion tube is completely removed.
Describe the steps that should be taken to ensure that all air in the combustion
tube has been removed.

[3 marks]

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(f) (i) Can the empirical formula of magnesium oxide be determined using the same
method as above? Explain your answer.

.................
..................

.................
..................

[2 marks]

(ii) Draw a labeled diagram of the set-up of the apparatus for the experiment

[2 marks]

6. Diagram 6 shows the chemical symbols which represent elements R, S and T.

R S T

Diagram 6

(a) (i) Write the electron arrangement of atom T

[ 1 mark]

(ii) State the period and the group for element T in the Periodic Table.

Period : ..........

Group : .................... [2
marks]

(b) Atoms of R and S can react to form a compound.

17 6 11
35 12 23
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(i) Name the type of bond in the compound formed between atoms R and S.

[
1 mark]

(ii) State one physical property of the compound formed in b(i)

..
[
1

m
a
r
k
]

(c) (i) Atoms of R and T can also react to form compound. Draw the electron
arrangement for the
compound formed.

[2 marks]

(ii) Name the force that exists between particles in the compound formed .

.................................................................................................................................
.....
[
1

m
a
r
k
]

(iii) The melting point of the compound formed is 801 C and its boiling points is 1413
C.
What is the state of matter for this compound at 1000 C.

..........................................................................................................................
......
[
1 mark]

(d) Arrange R, S and T according to the increase of the atomic size

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[1
mark]

7 Lactic acid is an acid produced in milk by bacteria that causes the milk to taste sour.
Table 7 shows the percentage of composition by mass of each element in lactic acid.

Element Percentage
Carbon 40.00
Hydrogen 6.67
Oxygen 53.33

Table 7

(a) Based on the information above, calculate the empirical formula of lactic acid.
Given that the relative atomic mass of H = 1 ; C = 12 ; O = 16

[3 marks]

(b) Relative molecular mass of lactic acid is 90. Determine the molecular formula of
lactic acid.

[2 marks]
(c) Calculate the number of hydrogen atom in 1 mol of lactic acid?
Given that Avogadro number ,N
A
= 6.02 10
23
mol
-1

[2 mark]
(d) Calculate the number of moles of 4.5 g lactic acid.
Given that the relative atomic mass of H = 1 ; C = 12 ; O = 16

[1 mark]
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8 Table 8 shows the formula of four ions.

Name of ions Silver ion Zinc ion Nitrate ion Chloride ion
Formula of ions Ag
+
Zn
2+
NO
3
-
Cl
-

TABLE 8

(a) Write the formula for each compound below :

(i) Silver nitrate .. ...............................................................................

(ii) Zinc chloride : .............................................................................................

(ii) Silver chloride : ............................................................................................

(iii) Zinc nitrate : ...........................................................................................
[4
marks]

(b) When silver nitrate solution is added to zinc chloride solution, white precipitate, silver
chloride and zinc nitrate solution are formed.

(i) Identify the reactants and products of the reaction.

Reactants
:...................................................................................................

Products :
..................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction occurs in (b).

.....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(c) The following equation shows the decomposition of silver nitrate by heat.

2AgNO
3
2Ag + 2NO
2
+ O
2

If 85.0 g of silver nitrate is heated completely, calculate :

(i) the mass of silver formed.
Given that the relative atomic mass of N =14; O = 16; Ag =108

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[3 marks]

(ii) the volume of oxygen gas formed at room conditions.
Given that the Molar volume : 24 dm
3
at room conditions

[2 marks]

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PAPER 2
ESSAY SECTION B

9 (a) Diagram 9 shows the models of atoms which were developed by Ernest Rutherford and
Neils Bohr
and modern atomic model.

Electron moves outside the
nucleus

Nucleus contains protons

Rutherfords model Bohrs model

DIAGRAM 9

(i) Describe th atomic structure of the Bohrs model
[4 marks]

(ii) What is the difference in the position of electrons between the Rutherfords
model
and Bohrs Model
[2 marks]

(iii) Draw the electron arrangement of an atom that consists of 13 electrons using
the Modern Atomic Model
[2 marks]

(b) Chlorine has two isotopes which are chlorine-35 and chlorine-37.The proton number of
chlorine is 17.
X
(i) Write the symbol for one of the isotopes of chlorine in the form of A
Z
[3 marks]

(ii) Compare the number of sub atomic particles in these two isotopes
[4 marks]

(c) Describe fully the atomic structure for chlorine isotopes that you have stated in 1(b)(i)
[5 marks]

Electron
Shell
Nucleus contains
protons
Modern
atomic
structure
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PAPER 2
ESSAY SECTION C

10 (a)

Explain the above statement.
Given that relative molecular mass of carbon dioxide = 44 g mol
1
,
relative molecular mass of oxygen = 2 g mol
1

[3 marks]

(b) (i) What is meant by empirical formula?
[1 mark]

(ii) Describe an experiment in the laboratory to determine the empirical
formula of magnesium oxide. Your answer should consist of the
following.
- Procedures of the experiment
- Calculation involved
- Precautions need to be taken
Given that relative atomic mass of Mg = 24, O = 16
[13
marks]

(c) Magnesium can reduce copper oxide to copper.
Explain why the empirical formula of the copper oxide cannot be determined by
heating the mixture of copper oxide and magnesium powder.
[3 marks]

11 Table 11 shows the proton number of atoms P, Q and R.

Element P Q R
Proton number 8 12 17

TABLE 11

(a) Based on electron arrangement, explain the formation of chemical bond between

(i) element P and element P
[5 marks ]
(ii) element Q and element R
[7 marks ]

(b) Gas P reacts with element Q to produce a white solid.

(iii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between gas P and element Q.
(ii) State three physical properties of the white solid.
[4 marks]

(c) What is the position of element Q in the Periodic Table of the elements?
Explain how to obtain your answer.
[4 marks ]
The volume of 2.2 g of carbon dioxide gas is less than
the volume of 2.2 g of hydrogen at the same temperature and pressure.
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PAPER 3
STRUCTURE

12. The diagram below shows the apparatus set-up for the experiment to determine the freezing
point of
substance X.

The diagram below shows the thermometer reading for the cooling of substance X at
certain time intervals.

90
95
85
0 Minute

1
st
minute 2
nd
minute

3
rd
minute

85
90
80
85
90
80
85
90
80
85
90

85
90
80
75
80
70
70
75
65
4
th
minute

5
th
minute 6
th
minute

7
th
minute

thermometer
Substance X
Volumetric flask
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(a) Record the thermometer readings shown in the diagram above by completing the
table below.

[3 marks]
(b) Draw the graph of temperature against time on the graph paper provided.
[3 marks]

(c) Based on the graph in (b),

(i) State the change in temperature of substance X for the whole experiment.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
[
3
mar
ks]

(ii) State the inference for your answer in (c) (i) .

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

[3
mar
ks]
Time(minutes) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Temperature/
o
C

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(d) What is the freezing point of substance X? label it on the graph to how you have
obtained the answer.

.............

[3 marks]

(e) Based on this experiment, what is meant by freezing point?

...

...

[3 marks]

(f) If substance X is heated from room temperature until 100
o
C, what is the temperature
when substance X starts to melt? Explain your answer.

.......................
[3 marks]

13

An experiment is carried out to investigate the statement above.The table below shows
the apparatus set up and the observations for the experiment to determine the reactivity
of the Group 1 elements based on their reactions with water.

Apparatus set-up Observation towards the metal

Lithium moves slowly on the surface of the water
with a hiss sound.

Potassium moves vigorously and randomly on the
surface of the water with a hiss sound.
Elements in Group 1 of the Periodic Table of Elements can be arranged based on the
reactivity of the elements with water.
water
))
)))
Potassium
)) ) )

water
Lithium
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Sodium moves quickly and randomly on the
surface of the water with a hiss sound.

(a) State all the variables that are involved for the experiment and the action to be
taken to contol the variables.

Name of variables Action to be taken
(i) Manipulated variable:

..

..

(i) The way to manipulate variable:

..

...

(ii) Responding variable:

(ii) What to observe in the responding variable:
..

..

(iii) Controlled variable:

..

..

(iii) The way to maintain the controlled variable:

[6 marks]

(b) State one hypothesis for the experiment.

[3 marks]

(c) Based on the observations in the figure above, arrange lithium, potassium and
sodium in the descending order of reactivity of metals towards water.

Descending order of reactivity of metals towards water.

water
sodium
)) )
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When lithium metal is put in water, it moves very slowly on the surface of the water. When sodium
metal is put in water, it moves quite fast and produces hiss sound. When potassium metal is put in
water, it moves very fast and produces small explosions.
Metal

[3
marks]

(d) Solution X was produced from the reaction of sodium with water. Classify the
ions that exist in solution X into positive ions and negative ions.

Positive Ions Negative Ions

[3 marks]

14

Plan an experiment in the laboratory to investigate the reactivity of lithium, sodium and
potassium with water and describe the effect of the solution produced towards a red litmus
paper.
The planning of your experiment must consist of the following:

(a) Aim of experiment
(b) Statement of the hypothesis
(c) All the variables
(d) List of substances and apparatus
(e) Procedure of the experiment
(f) Tabulation of data
[17 marks]
Water
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SET

5. Electrochemistry
6. Oxidation and Reduction

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PAPER 2

SECTION A

1 Diagram 1 shows the set-up of apparatus for the electrolysis 2.0 moldm
-3
copper(II) chloride
solution using carbon electrodes.

Diagram 1

(a) Write the formula of all the ions present in the aqueous copper (II)chloride
solution.

[1
mark]

(b) (i) State the observation at carbon electrode Z

.....
[1
mark]

(ii) Write the half equation for the reaction at carbon electrode Z.

[1
mark]

(c ) Gas X is formed at carbon electrode Y. When gas X is delivered into
aqueous potassium iodide solution , the solution turns to brown.

(i) Name gas X.
Gas X
Carbon electrode Y
Copper(II) chloride solution 2.0 mol dm
-3

Carbon electrode Z
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.
[1
mark]

(ii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction between gas X and potassium
iodide solution.

.
..
[2
marks]

(iii) State the substance that acts as a reducing agent.

.
[1
mark]

(d) When electrolysis is carried out after 2 hours , gas W which is a colourless gas is
produced at electrode Y.

(i) Name gas W.

[1
mark]

(ii) Describe a chemical test to identify gas W.
.

.
[3
marks]

2 Diagram 2.1 shows the set-up of the apparatus for an experiment to construct the
Electrochemical Series through the ability of metals to displace other metals from their
salt solution.

The experiment was repeated using copper and P metals to replace zinc and P nitrate
solution to replace silver nitrate solution.
Table 2.2 shows the result obtained.

Experiment Metal Silver nitrate solution P nitrate solution
Silver nitrate solution
Zinc plate

Diagram 2.1
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I Zinc Silver metal is displaced. P metal is displaced.
II Copper Silver metal is displaced. No reaction.
III P Silver metal is displaced.
Table 2

(a) What is meant by Electrochemical Series?
.................................................................................................................................
...

[1 mark]

(b) Based on the results in Table 2, arrange the metals silver, copper, P and zinc in
ascending order of electropositivity.

[1 mark]

(c) Name the suitable metal P.
..

[1 mark]

(d) Based on Experiment I :
(i) Zinc can displace silver metal from silver nitrate solution. Explain why.

[1 mark]
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

[2 mark]
(iii) What is the change in the oxidation number of zinc?

[1 mark]

(e) Diagram 2.2 shows the set up of apparatus for the reaction between metal P and
copper(II) nitrate solution.

More electropositive

Copper(II) nitrate
solution
Metal P plate
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Zinc plate
Zinc sulphate
solution
Diagram 2.2

What is the colour change of the of copper (II) nitrate solution?.
Explain why.

..

..

[2 marks]

(f) State two uses of the Electrochemical Series besides the determining the ability
of a metal to displace another metal from its salt solution.
.............

.............

[2 marks]

3 Diagram 3 shows the set- up of apparatus of Voltaic cell.

Diagram 3

(a) State the function of porous pot.

Copper plate
Solution of Y
Porous pot
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[1
mark]

(b) (i) Suggest one suitable solution of Y.

[1
mark]

(ii) Name the ions exist in the solution you have stated in (b)(i).

[1
mark]

(c) State the electrode acts as positive terminal. Explain your answer

.............
[2
marks]
(d) State the observation at zinc electrode .

..............
[1
mark]

(e) Electrode zinc is replaced by silver metal and zinc sulphate solution is replaced
by silver nitrate solution.
Complete Table 3 to show the differences that happen in voltaic cell before and
after zinc electrode and zinc sulphate solution are replaced by silver electrode
and silver nitrate solution.

Silver electrode
and silver nitrate solution.

Zinc electrode
and zinc nitrate solution

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Observation at
solution Y you have
suggested in (b) (i)

Half equation for the
reaction occur at
copper electrode.

Table 3
[4 marks]

(f) Explain why there are differences in observation you have stated in (e) in terms
of the number of Cu
2+
in the solution.

[1 mark]

4 Diagram 4 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the reaction between potassium
iodide solution and chlorine water through the transfer of electrons at a distance.

Diagram 4

(a) What is the function of galvanometer ?
..................

[1 mark]

(b) On the Diagram 4, draw the direction of the flow of electrons.
[1 mark]

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(c) (i) What is the colour change in the solution around electrode P?

................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(ii) Describe a chemical test to identify the product formed in the solution at electrode
P.

........................

........ ...............

[2 marks]

(d) What is the substance that is being oxidised in the experiment? Explain why.

..........

.........

[2 marks]

(e) Write a half equation for the reaction that occurs at electrode Q.

...........

[1 mark]
(f) Suggest another reagent that can replace chlorine water.

............................

[1 mark]

(g) What is the change in oxidation number of chlorine in the reaction?

.......................

[1 mark]

5 Diagram 5 shows a laboratory experiment to change Fe
2+
ion to Fe
3+

ion.

Chlorine water

Iron (II) sulphate solution

Diagram 5
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(a) State one observation in this experiment.

.............................................................................................................................
[
1
mar
k]

(b) Write the ionic equation for the reaction occured.

..............................................................................................................................
[
2
mar
ks]
(c) (i) What is the role of chlorine water?

..........................................................................................................................
[
1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer.

......................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(d) State the changes in oxidation number of iron in this experiment.
....................................................................................................................................
[
1 mark]

(e) Reducing agent is then added to the solution in diagram 5.
(i) What is meant by reducing agent in terms of electron transfer?
..................................................................................................................................
.

[1 mark]
(ii) Suggest one reducing agent that can be used .

.................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(iii) What would you expect to observe when the reducing agent is added to the
solution.

.................................................................................................................................
[
1 mark]

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6. Diagram 6.1 shows the apparatus set-up for the experiment to study the effect of metals
P and Q on the rusting of iron nail. The results are recorded after one day.

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Diagram 6.1

(a) What is the function of Experiment A?

.................................................................................................................................
[
1 mark]

(b) Name the ion which gives the dark blue precipitate in the experiment.

.................................................................................................................................
Experiment After 1 day Observation
A

Some dark blue
precipitate.

B

Large amount of dark blue
precipitate

C

No dark blue precipitate.
Solution turns pink.

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[1
mark]

(c) In which experiment, the rusting of iron nail does not occur? Explain your answer.

.................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

[2
marks]

(d) Arrange the metals Fe, P and Q in order of decreasing electropositivity.

.................................................................................................................................
[
1 mark]

(e) (i) What happens to metal Q in test tube C?

.................................................................................................................
[
1 mark]

(ii) Suggest a metal that can be used as metal Q.

.................................................................................................................
.
[
1 mark]

(f) State the ion that causes the solution in test tube C to turn pink.

.................................................................................................................................
...
[
1 mark]

7 Three different powdered metals oxide P, Q and R are heated and hydrogen gas is allowed
to pass over them as shown in Diagram 7. Table 7 shows the results obtained.

Diagram 7
Dry hydrogen
gas
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Metal
oxide
Observation
During heating After heating
P Glows dimly The brown powder turns shiny grey
Q Does not glow
It turn yellow when hot and white when
cold
R Glows brightly The black powder turns brown

Table 7

(a) Why does metal Q does not glow during the heating?

.

[1 mark]
(b) Arrange metals P, Q, R and Hydrogen in descending order of reactivity.

.

[1 mark]

(c) Based on the reaction between P and hydrogen gas, which substance is
reduced?
State your reasons.

..................

[2 marks]

(d) Which substance acts as the oxidizing agent in the reaction between P oxide
and hydrogen?

[1 mark]

(e) Given that the oxide of metal P has the empirical formula of PO, write chemical
equation to represent the reaction between oxide P and hydrogen gas.

.

[2 marks]

(f) Name the brown powder formed.

. [1
mark]

(g) The following shows the positions of carbon and metals X, Y and Z in the
reactivity series of metals
X, carbon, Y, Z
Increasing reactivity
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Can carbon can be used to extract metal X from its oxide?
Explain your answer.

.........

.........

[2 marks]

SECTION B

8 (a) What is the meaning of oxidation and reduction in terms of electron transfer.
[2 marks]

(b) Describe the oxidation and reduction process in terms of the electron transfer that
occurs in each of the following reaction :

(i) combustion of magnesium in excess oxygen
(ii) Voltaic cell using zinc and copper as a pair of metals.

Include half-equations and ionic equations in your answer.
[9
marks]

(c) You are supplied with the following apparatus :
- U-tube
- Carbon electrodes
- Galvanometer
- Connecting wire

Using suitable chemicals and the apparatus above,

(i) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus that you can use to investigate
electron transfer at a distance for the following reaction.

2Fe
2+
(aq)
+ Br
2 (aq)
2Fe
3+

(q )
+ 2Br
-
(aq)

In your diagram, show the positive and negative terminal.
[5
marks]
(ii) Name the oxidising and reducing agents in the reaction in c (i).
[2
marks]

(iii) State the changes that can be observed after 10 minutes.
[2
marks]

9 (a) Table 9 shows two reactions and their equation respectively.

Reaction The equation
I KOH + HCl KCl + H
2
O
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II Mg + 2HCl ZnCl
2
+ H
2

Table 9

Based on table 8, determine which reaction is a redox reaction and which
reaction
is non-redox reaction.
Explain your answer [4 marks]

(b) By using a suitable example for each of the reaction below, explain how these
reactions can occur.

(i) Oxidation of Mg atoms to Mg
2+
ions. [5 marks]
(ii) Reduction of MnO
4
2-
ions to Mn
2+
ions [5 marks]

Include half-equations for the oxidation and reduction reactions in your answers.

(c) Diagram 9.1 shows the set-up of the apparatus of the displacement reaction.

Diagram 9.1

State the observation for this reaction and write the half equation for the chemical
changes that takes place. Identify the oxidising agent and reducing agent for this
reaction.

[6 marks]

SECTION C

Copper sulphate solution
Zinc plate
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10 (a) Using a suitable example explain the meaning of electrolyte. [2
marks]

(b) You are supplied with the following substances:

- Zinc plate
- Copper plate
- Copper (II) sulphate solution

By using the above substances and suitable apparatus in the chemistry laboratory,
describe an experiment to transform the chemical energy to electrical energy.
In your description, draw a labelled diagram, explain how the transformation
can occur and write the half equation for the reactions.

[8 marks]

(c) (i) One of the factor that affects the discharge of ion at the electrode for electrolysis of
aqueous solution is the position of ion in Electrochemical Series.
State two other factors.
[2 marks]

(ii) Explain the electrolysis of copper (II) sulphate solution using carbon electrodes. In
your description, state the observations and write the half equations for the reaction
at cathode and anode.

[8 marks]

11 (a) What is the meaning of electrolysis and ions?
[2 marks]

(b) Using lead(II) bromide as an example, explain the ionic theory during the electrolysis is
of molten lead (II) bromide.

[8 marks]

(c) You are provided with copper(II) sulphate solution and all the apparatus needed, describe
an experiment to determine the product of electrolysis at the anode and cathode. You are
required to describe the test to confirm the product at the anode. You should also include
the half equation at the electrodes.

[
10
marks]

12 (a) Using a suitable example ,
explain what is meant by a redox reaction in terms of oxidation numbers.

[4 marks]

(b) The transfer of electrons takes place in many redox reactions.With the help of a labelled
diagram, describe an experiment that you can carry out to study the redox reaction
through the transfer of electrons.
Predict the observation and explain the reaction that will take place in the experiment.
[12
marks]

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(d) Using a suitable example, explain why double decomposition is not a edox reaction.
Give another example of reaction which is not a redox reaction.

[4
marks]

13 (a) A tablespoon of common salt is dissolved in 250cm
3
of water and electrolysed using
carbon electrodes.Name the product at the cathode and write the half equation for the
reaction.
[2
marks]

(b) Diagram 12 shows a voltaic cell.

Diagram 12

By naming suitable substances for P,Q,X,Y and Z, describe the reactions that occur in
the voltaic cell. Your explanation should include the observation and half equation for the
reactions that take place at the electrodes.

[8 marks]

(c) A student intends to investigate the redox reaction by the transfer of electrons
at a distance. The chemicals supplied are

- Dilute sulphuric acid
- Acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution
- Iron(II) sulphate solution.

Design a laboratory experiment for the above purpose.
[10
marks]

Metal X

Metal Z
Solution Z
Solution P
Solution Q
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PAPER 3

14 An experiment is carried out to construct an electrochemical series of metals. Diagram 14
shows the set-up of apparatus of voltaic cell .The potential difference between electrode
metal L and metal M
-3
measured. An experiment is repeated by replacing metal M with
metal J and Q.

DIAGRAM 14

Diagram 14.1 shows the potential difference of three voltmeters A, B and C for the voltaic
cells
with pair of metal L/M, L/J and L/Q respectively.

Diagram 14.1

Pair of Metals Voltmeter
Potential
difference(V)
Positive
terminal
L dan M A

L
L dan J B

L
V
Metal M
Metal L
Salt solution L
1.0 mol dm
-3
0
1.0
2.0
3.0
0.5
1.5
2.5
V

0
1.0
2.0
3.0
0.5
1.5
2.5
V

A
B
C
0
1.0
2.0
3.0
0.5
1.5
2.5
V

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L dan Q C

Q

Table 14.1

(a) Record the voltmeter reading for the pairs of metals in the table 14.1.
[3
marks]

(b) State the hypothesis of the experiment

...................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................
[3
marks]

(c) Arrange J, L, M and Q metals in a descending order in the electrochemical series

..........................................................................................................
[3
marks]

(d) Iron metal is located between metal M and metal L in the electrochemical series.
State which metals are more electropositive and less electropositive than iron
metal.

.......................................................................................................................

Less electropositive than iron

.................................................................................................................................
[3
marks]

(e) By using the data from that experiment, suggest the possible voltage, if M and Q
metals is used to construct electrochemical series.

..................................................................................................................
....
[3
marks]

15 The diagram below shows a simple chemical cell that was set up to investigate the
arrangement of metals P, Q, R and S.

Electode
Electrolyte
Electodes
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The table below shows the pair of metals used for each experiment.

Exsperiment Pairs of metals Negative electrodes Voltmeter readings (V)
I R and Q Q
II S and R S
III P and S P
IV S and Q

The voltmeter readings for each experiment are shown in the diagram below.

(a) Read and record the voltmeter readings in the table above. [3 marks]

(b) State the variables for this experiment.

(i) The manipulated variable.

.............
(ii) The responding variable

0

1
2

Experiment I
0

1
2

Experiment II
0

1
2

Experiment III

0

1
2

Experiment IV
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(iii) The fixed variable

[3marks]
(c) State the hypothesis for this experiment.

[3
marks]
(d) Predict the negative terminal in experiment IV.

[3
marks]
(e) Based on the voltmeter reading, arrange the metals of P,Q, R, dan S according
to ascending order of electropositivity.

[3
marks]
(f) What is the inference that can be made for the mass of the negative electrode
and the positive electrode in each experiment after a certain time interval?
..

[3
marks]
(g) Why is the voltmeter reading for experiment II bigger than experiment IV?

[
3
marks]
(h) In experiment I, if Q is copper metal, R is silver metal, and sulphuric acid is used
as the electrolyte,
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(i) state two observations that can be made in the experiment.

[
3
marks]
(ii) write the half equation for the reaction that occurs at the copper metal.

[3
marks]

(i) Classify the metals that can displace and cannot displace metal Q from the salt solution
of Q.

Metals that can displace metal Q
from salt solution of Q.
Metals that cannot displace metal Q
from salt solution of Q.

[3
marks]

17 The diagram below shows two sets of electrolysis that can be carried out on copper(II)
sulphate solution using different types of electrodes. The two experiments will give two
different results.

Carbon
electrode
sod
karbon
Carbon
electrode
Copper
electrode
Copper
electrode
Copper(II)
sulphate
solution
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.

Based on the observations above, plan an experiment to investigate the effect of type of
electrodes in the electrolysis of copper(II) sulphate solution.

Your planning must consists of the following:
(a) Statement of the problem
(b) Hypothesis
(c) Variables
(d) List of substances and apparatus
(e) Procedures
(f) Tabulation of data
[17 marks]

Intensity of the blue
colour decreases
Intensity of the blue
colour remains the same
Copper(II)
sulphate
solution
Before Experiment After Experiment
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CHEMISTRY PERFECT SCORE MODULE

SET

7. Acids and Bases
8. Salts
9. Rate of Reaction
10. Thermochemistry

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PAPER 2

SECTION A

1 Table 1 below shows the description and observation for two experiments involving two
solutions:

Hydrogen chloride in solvent X
Hydrogen chloride in solvent Y

Experiment Description
Observation
HCl in solvent X HCl in solvent Y
I
Reaction of hydrogen
chloride in solvent X and
solvent Y with calcium
carbonate lumps.
Effervescence
occurs. A colourless
gas is liberated.
No change occur
II
Electrolysis of hydrogen
chloride in solvent X and
solvent Y
Reading of the
ammeter is 1 A
Reading of the
ammeter is 0 A.

Table 1
(a) Name a suitable compound for

Solvent X: ........................................................................
Solvent Y: .........................................................................
[2
marks]
(b) (i) Which of the solution shows acidic properties?

...................................................................................................................
[1
mark]
(ii) What is the role of solvent in (b) (i) that enables the solution to show
acidic properties?

....................................................................................................................
.
[2
marks]
(c) (i) Effervescence occurs when hydrogen chloride in solvent X react with
calcium carbonate. Name the gas liberated.

.............................................................................................................
[1
mark]
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(ii) Describe a chemical test to identify the gas liberated in (c) (i)

..............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
[2
marks]

(iii) Write ionic equation for the reaction in (c) (i).

....................................................................................................................
.....

[3
marks]
(d) Hydrogen chloride in solvent X can conduct electricity but hydrogen chloride in
solvent Y cannot conduct electricity. Explain why.

......................................................................................................................
......
......................................................................................................................
......
[2
marks]

(e) Calculate the mass of hydrogen chloride gas, HCl to prepare 100 cm
3
of 0.5 mol
dm
-3

HCl acid.
[Given that the relative atomic mass of H = 1, Cl = 35.5 , C = 12, O = 16 , Ca =
40 ]

[3 marks]

2 Diagram 2 shows series of reactions for the preparation of copper(II) chloride from
copper(II) carbonate.

Copper(II) carbonate Solid X Carbon dioxide gas
Step I
Step II
Excess solid X is added to
dilute hydrochloric acid
+
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Diagram 2

Based on the diagram,

(a) (i) name the solid X

[1
mark]

(ii) suggest how to change copper(II) carbonate to solid X in step I.

[1
mark]

(iii) Draw a labelled diagram to show the apparatus set-up that can be used to
produce solid X and identify gas Y in step I.

[2 marks]

(b) (i) Why is excess of solid X added to the heated dilute hydrochloric acid in step II?

[1 mark]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in step II.

Solution R
Copper(II) chloride
Step III
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[1 mark]

(c) Describe how copper(II) chloride crystals are obtained from solution R in step III.

[3 marks]

3 The diagram 3 shows the formation of lead(II) nitrate and its changes to other
compounds.

Diagram 3

(a) (i) Lead(II) oxide has reacted with compound J to form lead(II) nitrate.
Name compound J

....................................................................................................................
.........
[
1 mark]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in (a) (i)

....................................................................................................................
.........
[
1 mark]

(b) (i) Name the brown gas.

....................................................................................................................
.......
[
1 mark]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in (b) (i)

Lead(II) oxide

Lead(II) nitrate
+ compound J
Brown gas
+ copper(II) chloride solution
Compound Z + copper(II) nitrate
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....................................................................................................................
.........
[
1 mark]

(c) When copper(II) chloride solution is added to lead(II) nitrate solution, a
precipitate Z and copper(II) nitrate are produced.

(i) Name the type of reaction that occurs.

....................................................................................................................
......

[1
mark]

(ii) Write the ionic equation for the formation of compound Z.

....................................................................................................................
.........
[1 mark]

(iii) State how compound Z is separated from copper(II) nitrate.

....................................................................................................................
........
[1 mark]

(d) Sodium hydroxide solution is added a little at a time to lead(II) nitrate solution
until in excess. What is the observation?

.................................................................................................................................
...

[2
marks]

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4 10.0 cm of 1.0 mol dm
-3
sodium iodide is poured to 8 different test tubes. Different
volume of 1.0 mol dm
-3
lead(II) nitrate are added to each test tube. The height of
precipitate formed in each test tube is measured.

The graph 4 below is obtained when the height of precipitate is plotted against the
volume of lead(II) nitrate solution.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Graph 4

(a) Name the precipitate formed.

..................................................................................................................................
[1
mark]

(b) 10 cm
3
of 1.0 mol dm
-3
lead(II) nitrate is added to 10 cm
3
of 1.0 mol dm
-3
sodium iodide solution. Estimate the height of the precipitate formed.

.................................................................................................................................
[1
mark]

(c) Based on the above graph, what is the volume of lead(II) nitrate needed to
completely react with sodium iodide solution?

.................................................................................................................................
[1
mark]

(d) Calculate

(i) the number of moles of sodium iodide in the reaction.

Height of precipitate/ cm
5
Volume of lead(II)nitrate / cm
3

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[1
mark]

(ii) the number of moles of lead(II) nitrate that has completely reacted
with sodium iodide solution

[1
mark]

(e) Write the ionic equation for the formation of the precipitate.

.................................................................................................................................
[1
mark]

(f) The concentration of lead(II) nitrate is changed from 1.0 mol dm
-3
to 2.0 mol dm
-
3 .

Sketch the graph obtained on the above graph.

[2
mark]

5 An experiment is carried out to study the decomposition of 25 cm
3
of hydrogen peroxide at
room temperature with the presence of manganese (IV) oxide as a catalyst.

The results of the experiment are shown in Table 5 below.

Time/ s 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Volume of gas/ cm
3
0 17 29 34 36 36 36

Table 5

(a) Write the balance equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide with
the presence of catalyst.
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...........................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]
(b) Draw a graph of volume of gas against time for the reaction.
[3 marks]
(c) Based on the graph in (b),
calculate
(i) the average rate of reaction in the first minute

[1 mark]

(ii) the rate of reaction at 60 seconds.

[2 marks]

(d) Based on the volume of oxygen gas released, calculate the concentration of hydrogen
peroxide in the experiment.
[1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm
3
at room temperature and pressure]

[3 marks]

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(e) The rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is very low.
Based on the collision theory, explain how the presence of catalyst increases the rate of
decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
......................................................[3 marks]
6 An experiment is carried out to determine heat of displacement for the reaction between
50 cm
3
of 0.1mol dm
-3
copper(II) sulphte solution and zinc powder. Excess of zinc
powder is added to the copper(II) sulphate solution in a polystyrene cup.
The results of the experiment are shown in Table 6 below.

Initial temperature /
0
C 28.2
Maximum temperature /
0
C 33.4

Table 6

[Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g
-1

0
C
-1
]

(a) What is meant by heat of displacement in the experiment?

[1
mark]

(b) State another observation besides the change in temperature.

[1mark]

(c) Calculate

(i) the heat released in the experiment.

[1 mark]

(ii) the number of moles of copper(II) sulphate that has reacted with zinc.

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[1
mark]
(iii) Heat of displacement .

[2 marks]

(d) Draw the energy level diagram for the reaction .

[2 marks]

(e) Polystyrene cup A is used in the above experiment . The experiment is repeated
using cup B. Predict the change in temperature. Explain your answer.

Prediction:

[1 mark]

Explanation:

..........

............
[2 marks ]

Polystyrene
cup
Cup A Cup B
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7 50 cm
3
of 2.0mol dm
-3
sodium hydroxide solution is pour in a plastic cup and initial
temperature is recorded. 50 cm
3
of 2.0 mol dm
-3
hydrochloric acid is measured and its
initial temperature is also recorded. The hydrochloric acid is added to the sodium
hydroxide in the plastic cup. The mixture is stirred and the highest temperature is
recorded.
The following data in Table 7 was obtained.

Initial temperature of sodium hydroxide solution/
0
C 27 .0
Initial temperature of hydrochloric acid/
0
C 27 .0
Highest temperature of mixture/
0
C 39. 0

Table 7

(a) What is meant by heat of neutralization?

............................................

[1 mark]
(b) Why is a plastic cup used in this experiment?

..........................................

[1 mark]

(c) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that has taken place.

....................................

[1 mark]

(d) State one precaution that must be taken while carrying out the experiment.

..............................

[1 mark]
(e) Calculate
(i) the heat change in the experiment.
[Given that heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g
-1
C
-1
]

[1 mark]
(ii) the heat of neutralization in this experiment.

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[2 marks]

(f) Draw an energy level diagram for the reaction that occurred in this experiment.

[2
marks]

(g) The heat of neutralization calculated in this experiment is less than theoretical
value.
Explain this statement.

..............................................

[1 mark]

8 Diagram 8 shows the set-up of the apparatus used in an experiment to determine
the heat of precipitation.
25cm
3
of 0.5 moldm
-3
of barium chloride solution is added with 25.0 cm
3
of 0.5 moldm
-3

of sodium sulphate solution.

Diagram 8

The following data in Table 8.1 was obtained.

Initial temperature of sodium sulphate solution 28 .3
0
C
Initial temperature of barium chloride solution 28 .7
0
C
Highest temperature of mixture 31. 0
0
C

Table 8.1

(a) What is meant by heat of precipitation?
Barium chloride solution +Sodium sulphate solution
Thermometer
Polystyrene cup
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[1
mark]

(b) State one observation of the experiment.

..
[1
mark]

(c) Complete the ionic equation for the reaction that occurred.

Ba
2+
+ SO
2-
4
.
[1
mark]

(d) Calculate:

(i) the change of heat in the experiment
[Given that the specific heat capacity of the solution is 4.2 Jg
-1

0
C
-1
and
the density of the solution is 1.0gcm
-3
]

[2 marks]
(ii) the heat of precipitation in the experiment.
The number of moles of barium chloride
= the number of moles of sodium sulphate that reacted

= .

The heat of precipitation, H = .
[2
marks]

(e) The experiment is repeated using 25cm
3
of 1.0moldm
-3
barium chloride solution and
25cm
3
of 1.0mol dm
-3
sodium sulphate solution. Predict the temperature
change in this experiment.

...
.
[1
mark]

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PAPER 2
ESSAY
SECTION B

9 (a) What is effective collisions? [1
mark]

(b) An experiment is carried out to study the rate of reaction between magnesium strip and
different type of acids.
The time taken by magnesium strip to dissolve in acids in each experiment is recorded in
Table 9.

Experiment
Reactant

Temperature
(
0
C)
Time
(s)
I
20 cm
3
of 1.0 moldm
-3
ethanoic acid +
15 cm of magnesium strip
30 150
II
20 cm
3
of 1.0 moldm
-3
hydrochloric acid +
30 60
III
20 cm
3
of 1.0 moldm
-3
sulphuric acid +
30 30

TABLE 9

(i) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between magnesium strip and acid.
[2
marks]

(ii) Compare the rate of reaction between

- experiment I and experiment II,
- experiment II and experiment III

Explain your answer based on the collision theory.
[6
marks]

(iii) If experiment II is repeated at 40
0
C, predict the time taken for the
15 cm magnesium strip to dissolve completely.
[3
marks]
(c) Explain why

(i) food stored in the refrigerator lasts longer than food stored in
the kitchen cabinet.
[3
marks]

(ii) meat cut into small pieces can be cooked faster compare with
meat in big chunks.
[3
marks]

(iii) food cook in a pressure cooker can save energy and time compared to
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the normal cooker.
[2 marks]

10 Three experiments have been carried out to study the effect of factors affecting the rate
of reaction at room temperature. Table 10 shows the results of the experiments.

Experiment I II III
Set-up of apparatus

Time taken for
magnesium strip to
react completely(s)
60 30 10

Table 10

(a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and sulphuric
acid. Calculate the maximum volume of gas released in experiment I and experiment
II.
[Molar volume: 24 dm
3
mol
-1
at room condition]

[6 marks]

(b) Sketch the graph for the volume of gas released against time for Experiment I, II
and III on the same axes.

[
3
marks]

(c) Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I, II and III in cm
3
s
-1
.

[3 marks]

(d) Compare the rate of reaction between

10 cm
3
of
1 mol dm
-3

sulphuric acid
Excess of
magnesium
strip
10 cm
3
of
2 mol dm
-3

sulphuric acid

Excess of
magnesium
strip

Excess of
magnesium
powder

10 cm
3
of
2 mol dm
-3

sulphuric acid

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- Experiment I and Experiment II;
- Experiment II and Experiment III.

For each of the above cases, explain why there is a difference in the rate of
reaction
based on the collision theory.

[8 marks]

PAPER 2
ESSAY
SECTION C

11 (a) Name a soluble salt and an insoluble salt.
Write a chemical equation for the preparation of each type of salt given by you.

[4
marks]

(b) You are given zinc nitrate crystals. Describe how you can perform a chemical test
to confirm the presence of zinc ions and nitrate ions in the zinc nitrate crystals.
[6 marks]

(c) You are required to prepare magnesium nitrate salt from the chemical substances
provided below.

Your answer should include all the chemical equations involved in the reactions.
[10
marks]

- Magnesium sulphate solution
- Dilute nitric acid
- Sodium carbonat solution
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12 (a) 11.2 g of solid potassium hydroxide, KOH, is dissolved in distilled water to produce a
solution of
1000 cm
3
. The solution produced has the concentration of 11.2 g dm
-3
and molarity of x
mol dm
-3
.

(i) State the meaning of the molarity for the solution produced. [1
mark]

(ii) Write the formula that represents the relationship between the number of mole
(n),
molarity (M) and volume (V) for the solution.
[1 mark]
(iii) Find the value of x.
[Relative atomic mass of H=1, O=16, K=39]
[3
marks]

(b) Table 12 shows the results of an experiment to compare the strength of acids.

Table 12

Explain why the pH values of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid in Table 12 are
different.
[ 5
marks]

(c) (i) State two preparation method of soluble salts.
(ii) Silver chloride is an insoluble salt. With the aid of labelled diagrams,
describe how to prepare silver chloride from silver nitrate.
[10 marks]

13 (a) What is menat by heat of neutralisation? [ 1
mark ]

(b) Table 13 shows the values of heat of reaction between different types of acids
and alkalis.

Reaction Chemical equation
Heat of
reaction
I NaOH(aq) +HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H
2
O(l) 57 kJ
II KOH(aq) +HNO
3
(aq) KNO
3
(aq) + H
2
O(l) 57 kJ
III 2NaOH(aq) + H
2
SO
4
(aq) Na
2
SO
4
(aq) + 2H
2
O(l) 114kJ
IV
NaOH(aq) + CH
3
COOH(aq) CH
3
COONa(aq)
+H
2
O(l)
55kJ

Table 13

Acid pH value
Hydrochloric acid of 0.1 mol dm
-3
1
Ethanoic acid of 0.1 mol dm
-3
4
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Explain why,

- heat of reaction I equal to heat of reaction II
- heat of reaction III is double the heat of reaction I
- heat of reaction IV is less than heat of reaction I
- heat of neutralisation of reaction III is 57kJmol
-1
and not 114kJmol
-1
.
[7
marks]

(c) Describe an experiment to determined the heat of neutralisation between a
strong acid and a strong alkali. You must include the calculation and precautions
that need to be taken.
[12 marks]

14. (a) Diagram 14.1 and 14.2 show energy level diagrams.

Diagram 14.1 Diagram 14.2

(i) Compare both the energy level diagrams above.
Your explanation should include the following

ionic equations
type of chemical reactions
energy content of reactants and products
[6 marks]

(ii) Based on diagram 3.1, calculate the change in temperature of the
solution if excess magnesium powder is added to 50 cm
3
of 0.2 mol dm
-3
iron(II) sulphate solution.
[Given that Specific heat capacity of solution : 4.2 J g
-1 o
C
-1
]
[3
marks]

(b) Explain why the heat of reaction between 1.0 mole of silver nitrate solution and
1.0 mole of sodium chloride solution is the same as the heat of reaction between
1.0 mole of silver nitrate solution and 0.5 mole of magnesium chloride solution.
[4
marks]

Mg(s) + FeSO
4

MgSO
4
+ Fe
Energy Energy
CaCl
2
+ Na
2
CO
3

CaCO
3
+ 2NaCl
H= - 200 kJ H= + 12.6 kJ
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(c ) A student carried out an experiment to determine the heat of neutralisation for
the reaction between 50 cm
3
of 2.0 mol dm
-3
hydrochloric acid and 50 cm
3
of 2.0
mol dm
-3
sodium hydroxide solution.

The following data was obtained:

Initial temperature of hydrochloric acid = 30.2
o
C
Initial temperature of sodium hydroxide solution = 30.2
o
C
Highest temperature of the mixture of the solutions = 42.2
o
C

(i) Calculate the heat of neutralisation for this reaction.
[Given that specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g
-1 o
C
-1
]
[3
marks]

(ii) If the experiment is repeated using sulphuric acid to replace hydrochloric
acid and all other conditions are the same, predict the heat change.
[4
marks]

15 Table 15 shows the molecular formula and heat of combustion of three types of alcohol.

Alcohol

Molecular formula

Heat of combustion/kJ mol
-1

Methanol CH
3
OH 725
Ethanol C
2
H
5
OH 1 376
Propan-1-ol C
3
H
7
OH 2 015

Table 15

(a) (i) What is the meaning of the heat of combustion of an alcohol?
[1 mark]

(ii) Explain why there are differences in the value of heat of combustion of the
alcohols in
Table 15.
[3 marks]

(b) Describe an experiment that you can carry out in your school laboratory to
determine the heat of combustion of one of the alcohol in Table 15. Your
description should include precautionary steps and the steps involved in the
calculation.
[12
marks]
(c) In another experiment to determine the heat of precipitation of lead (II) sulphate,
50.0 cm
3
of 2.0 mol dm
-3
lead(II) nitrate solution is reacted with 50.0 cm
3
of 2.0
mol dm
-3
sodium sulphate solution. Increment of the temperature in the mixture
is 10
o
C.

The equation for the reaction is :
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Pb(NO
3
)
2
+ Na
2
SO
4
PbSO
4
+ 2NaNO
3

Calculate the value of the heat of precipitation of lead(II) sulphate in this reaction.
[Use the information that the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 J g
-1 o
C
-1
]

[4 marks ]
PAPER 3

16 A student carried out a titration process using hydrochloric acid solution to determine the
unknown concentration of a sodium hydroxide solution. 25 cm
3

of sodium hydroxide
solution is poured into a conical flask. Three drops of phenolphtalein is added to the sodium
hydroxide solution. The solution is then titrated with 0.1 mol dm
-3
hydrochloric acid from a
burette. The titration process is carried out until the end point is obtained. Initial and final
burette reading for the three titrations carried out are shown in Diagram 16 below.

Diagram 16

(a) State the colour change in the conical flask at the end point.

[3 marks]

(b) Based on the Diagram 16 above, complete the table below.

Number of titrations 1 2 3
Final reading/cm
3

Initial reading/cm
3

Volume of hydrochloric
acid solution used/cm
3

[3 marks]
Initial
reading
Final
reading
Initial
reading
Final
reading
Initial
reading
Titration 1 Titration 2
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(c) What is the average volume of the hydrochloric acid used to neutralise exactly
25 cm
3
of sodium hydroxide solution?

[3 marks]

(d) Based on your answer in (c), determine the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution.

[3 marks]

(e) Predict the volume of the acid used that can neutralise 25 cm
3
of the same sodium
hydroxide solution if the hydrochloric acid solution is being replaced by:
(i) ethanoic acid 0.1 mol dm
-3

(ii) sulphuric acid 0.1 mol dm
-3

[3 marks]
17 Table 17 below shows the data obtained by a student to investigate the relationship between
the
concentration of acid with the pH value of hydrochloric acid. The standard concentration of
each solution is 0.1 mol dm
3
. The solution is then diluted to give solutions with different
concentrations.
pH value for each solution is determined with a pH meter and the value recorded.

Concentration / mol dm
-3

0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00001

pH value

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

Table 17

(a) Based on the information above, complete the table below.


....


..

................



..

..



Titration Titration
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....

.

.
[6 marks]

(b) State the hypothesis of the experiment.

...................................................................................................................................
.................

...................................................................................................................................
.................

[3 marks]

(c) Why does the pH value of hydrochloric acid increase when the concentration decreases?

[ 3
marks ]

(d) Why hydrochloric acid solution with the same concentration with ethanoic acid solution
has a
lower pH value?

..

.

[
3
mar
ks]

18 An experiment is carried out to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction
of sodium thiosulphate solution 0.05 mol dm
-3
with hydrochloric acid solution 1.0 mol dm
-
3
. Time for a certain quantity of sulphur precipitated is recorded as in Table 18 below.

Temperature of sodium thiosulphate /
o
C 30 35 40 45 50
Time for a certain quantity of sulphur
precipitated / s
55 48 42 37 33
1 / s
-1
Time

Table 18
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(a) Based on the information above, complete the table below.


..

..


...

...



...

...


..

..


[6 marks]

(b) State the hypothesis for this experiment.

..

..
[
3
mar
ks]

(c) Complete Table 1 for the values of 1/time
[3
marks]

(d) Draw the graph of temperature against 1/time on a graph paper.
[3 marks]

(e) From the graph at (c), predict the time taken for a certain quantity of sulphur precipitates
if the concentration of sodium thiosulphate used is 0.01 mol dm
-3
.

[3 marks]

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19 Diagram 19 below shows the experiment to determine the heat of combustion of ethanol.
200 cm
3
of water used in this experiment.

Beginning of Experiment End of Experiment

Initial temperature of water: ..................
o
C

Highest temperature of water: ....................
o
C

Change in temperature: .......................
o
C

Initial mass of spirit lamp and ethanol:
........... g

Final mass of spirit lamp and ethanol:
............ g

Mass of ethanol used: ......................... g

Diagram 15

(a) Write the initial and final temperature of water and the initial and final mass of the spirit
lamp
with ethanol in the diagram. [3
marks]

(b) Construct a table that can be used to record the data from the experiment for
temperature.

60
65
55
20
25
15
217.5
218.5
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[3 marks]
(c) (i) Calculate the energy change in this experiment.
[Given: Energy change = mcu, specific heat capacity of water, c = 4.2 Jg
-1o
C]

[3 marks]

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of ethanol burnt in this experiment.
[Molar mass of ethanol = 46 gmol
-1
]

[3 marks]

(iii) Calculate the heat of combustion of ethanol in this experiment.

[3 marks]

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(d) The table below shows the heat of combustion of three alcohols.

Name of alcohol Molecular formula Heat of combustion/k mol
-1
Methanol CH
3
OH 725
Ethanol C
2
H
5
OH 1376
Propanol C
3
H
7
OH 2015

If ethanol is replaced with methanol for the experiment above, with the same amount of
energy change, predict the mass of methanol burnt.
[Given the molecular mass of CH
3
OH: 32 g mol
-1
]

...........................
.................
[3 marks]

20

Plan a laboratory experiment to prove the statement above.

Your planning should include the following:

(i) Statement of the problem.
(ii) All the variables
(iii) Hypothesis
(iv) List of materials and apparatus
(v) Procedure
(vi) Tabulation of data. [17
marks]

The rate of reaction is affected by the size of the solid reactant.
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SET

11. Carbon Compounds
12. Manufactured Substances in
Industry
13. Chemicals for Consumers

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PAPER 2
STRUCTURE

SECTION A

1 Diagram 1 shows the structural formulae of compounds J and K.

Diagram 1

(a) (i) State the homologous series for compounds J and K.

Compound J: .........

Compound K: .....
[2 marks]

(ii) State the functional group and general formula of compound K

Functional group :
General formula :..
[
2
marks]

(b) Compound K can be produced from compound J under a high temperature and
pressure in the presence of a catalyst.

(i) Name compound K.

.......
[1 mark]
(ii) Name the reaction.

............
[1 mark]
(c) Compound L is produced when an acidic potassium dichromate(VI) solution is
added into a test
tube containing compound K.

(i) State one observation for this reaction.

.......
[1 mark]
H H

H C C H

H H

Compound J
H H

H C C H

H OH

Compound K
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Reaction I
Reaction II

(ii) Write the molecular formula of compound L.

.......
[1 mark]

(d) Compound K burns completely in excess oxygen.

(i) Write the chemical equation for the complete combustion of J.

....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) 4.6 g of compound K undergoes complete combustion at room conditions.
Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas released.
[1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm
3
at room conditions; Relative atomic mass: H,1;
C,12]

[3 marks]
.

2. The diagram below shows the change of propene to other compounds.

(a) What is the name for reaction I?

[1 mark]
(b) Write the chemical equation for the reaction I

[1 mark]

(c) State the reagent, temperature and pressure for the reaction II.

....................
.................
[1 mark]
PROPENE PROPANOL PROPANE
Reaction III
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(d) Draw all the structural formulae and give the IUPAC name for all the isomers of propanol

[4marks]

(e) Combustion of propene produced more soot than combustion of propane. Explain
why.
[Given that relative atomic mass of H ; 1, C ; 12 ]

.
.

.

..
.

[3 marks]

(f) Propanol can be changed to propanoic acid through oxidation

(i) Write the oxidation equation for oxidation of propano l.

[1 mark]

(ii) Propanoic reacts with ethanol to form ester. Name the ester formed.

[1
mark]

(iii) Draw structural for the ester formed in (f) (ii).

[1
mark]

3 The diagram below shows the flow chart for the conversion of an organic compound to
other compounds through process I, II ,III and combustion of compound L.

Acidified potassium dicromate(VI) solution

Compound J
C
2
H
6
O
Compound K
C
2
H
4
O
2
Glucose
C
6
H
12
O
6
I
II
III
IV
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Complete combustion in air

(a) (i) Name reaction I

.
[
1 mark]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for reaction I

[
1 mark]

(b) (i) Name gas X.

.........................
[
1 mark]

(ii) Write a balanced equation for the combustion of L in air

.......................
[
2
marks]

(iii) 0.5 mole of L burn completely in the air. Calculate the volume of gas X
released.
[1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm
3

[2
marks]

Compound L
C
2
H
4

Gas X + H
2
O
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(c) What is the observation on acidified potassium mangganate(VII) solution in
reaction III?

..

[1 mark]

(d) Compound J reacts with compound K to form compound M.

(i) Name compound M.

[
1 mark]

(ii) Draw the structural formula of M.

[1 mark]

(iii) State one special characteristic of compound M.

[1 mark]

(e) Draw the set up of apparatus used in process III.

[2
marks ]

4. The diagram below shows the flow chart for the conversion of C
2
H
4
and C
3
H
7
OH to
other compounds.

(a) Name process I.

C
2
H
5
OH C
2
H
5
COOH

C
2
H
4

Compound P C
3
H
6

C
3
H
7
OH
Process 1
Process 2
Polymerization
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..........
.

[1
mark]

(b) Draw the structural formulae of C
2
H
4
and compound P in the equation below to
represent the polymerisation of C
2
H
4
.

[2 marks]

(c) (i) Name process 2.

...
.....
[
1 mark]

(ii) Acidified potassium dichromate(VII) solution is used in process 2. State the
observation on the colour change of acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution.

...
.

[1
mark]

(d) Name the product formed from the dehydration of C
3
H
7
OH

[
1 mark]
(e) The products from process 1 and process 2 react to form a sweet smell
compound.

(i) Name the process for the formation of the compound.

[
1 mark]

(ii) Draw the structural formula of the compound.

Polymerization
Compound P
C
2
H
4

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[1 mark]

(iii) Name the compound.

[
1 mark]

(f) C
3
H
6
in the above diagram undergoes polymerisation. Name the polymer
formed.

[
1 mark]

(g) The boiling point of C
3
H
6
is higher than C
2
H
4.
Explain why.

.
..

..

[3 marks]

5 The diagram shows an industrial preparation of compound X from suphuric acid and
ammonia.

(a) (i) Sulphur dioxide is produced at the stage I of Contact Process.
Name the reactants for the formation of sulphur dioxide.

Contact Process Suphuric acid

Compound X
Reaction A
Haber Process
Ammonia
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..
.....

[1 mark]

(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction in (a) (i)

..
.....

[1 mark]

(b) In Contact Process, oleum is produced.

(i) Write the chemical equation for the formation of oleum.

....................................

[1 mark]

(ii) How is sulphuric acid produced from oleum?

......................

[1 mark]

(c) Name the catalyst used in Contact Process.

[
1
mark]

(d) (i) Write the chemical equation for the formation of ammonia in Haber
Process

......................................................................................................
..............................
[1
mark]
(ii) State the temperature, pressure and catalyst used in the Haber Process.

....................................................................................................................
........

[1 mark]

(e) In the above diagram, sulphuric acid reacts with aqueous ammonia to form
compound X.

(i) Name the reaction A.

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...........................
.......

[1 mark]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for reaction A.

............
................

[1 mark]
(iii) What is the use of compound X in daily lives?

.......................

[1 mark]

6.

(a) Name the main element added to copper to form bronze.

[1mark]

(b) What type of particles is present in pure copper?

..

[1
mark]

(c) Draw an arrangement of the particles in

(i) Pure copper

[1 mark]

(ii) bronze

Bronze and pewter are two example of an alloy.
Bronze is made up of copper as a major component and other
elements.
Bronze is harder than pure copper.

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[1 mark]

(d) Explain why is bronze is harder than pure copper?

..............................................................................................................................................
................

..............................................................................................................................................
................

..............................................................................................................................................
................
[3 marks]

(e) (i) Name the major component of pewter.

..............................................................................................................................................
..
[
1 mark]

(ii) Beside hardness, state another purpose of alloying to produce pewter.

........................................................................................................................................
.......
[
1
mar
k]

7 The table shows the examples and uses of four types of manufactured substances in
industry.

Type of manufactured
substance
Example Component
P Reinforced concrete

Cement, sand,
small pebbles and steel
.
Alloy Brass
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Copper and zinc

Polymer S

Vinyl chloride

(a) (i) Name the type of substance P.

.......

[1 mark]

(ii) Concrete in an important component in construction. Suggest how the strength
of concrete is increased to be used as a pillars of building.

..
[
1
mar
k]

(i) The diagram shows the structure of S.

Draw the structural formula for monomer S.

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450
o
C 500
o
C
Concentrated
H2SO4

[1 mark]

(b) The diagram below shows an industrial preparation of sulphuric acid by the Contact
Process.

(i) Name compound X and Y.

Compound X :.........................................................................

Compound Y : .......................................................................
[2
marks]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between sulphur and oxygen to
produce
sulphur dioxide.

.......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

8 Diagram A shows the structural formula of a detergent and a soap.

Part P Part Q Part P Part Q

Sulphur Sulphur dioxide + oxygen Sulphur trioxide
Compound Y
Sulphuric acid
Compound X, 1 atm
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Detergent Soap

(a) Name part P and part Q of the detergent and soap molecules.

[
1 mark]

(b) Differentiate the detergent and soap molecule the aspect of:

Detergent Soap
Name of part Q

Sources

Effectiveness in hard water

[3 marks]

(c) Some of detergent are not biodegradable .What is meant by not biodegradable?

..

[1 mark]
9 The following equation shows how soap can be prepared.

(a) (i) What is the name of this process?

[1 mark]

(b) State the name of substance X.

[1
mark]

(c) Sodium chloride solid is added to the soap mixture to complete this
process.Explain why.

[1 mark]

Palm oil + Sodium hydroxide Substance X + Glycerol
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(d) Two cleaning agents, J and K, are used to wash clothes in sea water and tap
water.Table 9 shows the result obtained.

Cleaning agent Sea water Tap water
J Forms scum Does not form scum
K Does not form scum Does not form scum

Table 9

(i) State the type of cleaning agents J and K.

J:

K:
[2 marks]

(ii) What is the meaning of scum?

[1 mark]
(iii) State one advantage of cleaning agent J compared to K.

[1 mark]

10 Soap, detergent, food additive and modern medicine are important chemicals for consumer.

a) The diagram shows the structural formula of a soap

i) State the property of hydrophobic and hydrophilic part of soap molecule.

........................................................................................................................................
................

..........
................

[2 mark]
ii) Detergent is more effective cleaning agent in hard water than soap. Explain why.

CH 2
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
C-O
-
Na
+

||
O
CH2
Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic
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..

..

..

[2 marks]
b) Preservative and antioxidant are two types of food additive.

i) State the function of antioxidant

[ 1
mar
k]

ii) Give one example of food preservative.

[
1
mar
k]

c) What is the type of medicine should be given to a patient who is stress and depressed .

Give an example of the medicine.

i) Type of medicine:

[1
mar
k]
ii) Example of medicine:

[1
mar
k]

11. The Table 11 shows the examples of modern and traditional medicines.

Examples of Medicines
i) Aspirin
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Table 11

Refer to Table 11 and answer the following questions.

(a) State two examples of

i) modern medicine: .
[2
marks]

ii) traditional medicine :
[2
marks]

(b) i) Name an example of antibiotic.

..
[1
mark]

ii) State the function for your answer in b)(i).

..
[1
mark]

iii) Why do you need to complete the full course of antibiotic?

..
[1
mark]

(c) Name one example of disease which can be cured using kuinin.

[1
mark]

(d) Name one traditional medicine that is used as antioxidant.

[1
mark]

ii) Garlic
iii) Aloe Vera
iv) Paracetamol
v) Penicilin
vi) Kuinin
vii) Pudina
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12 Table 12 shows the examples and side effects of modern medicine.

Name of medicine Side Effects
Amphetamine
Cause addiction, suspicious, fearful, aggressive,
insomnia and weight loss
Barbiturate Cause addiction and death
Cortisone
Weight gains, high blood pressure, weak heart,
blindness, childrens growth stunted, headache

Table 12

a. State the type of modern medicine in Table 12

i. Amphetamine:

ii. Barbiturate: ..

iii. Cortisone:

[3
mar
ks]

b. State the function of stimulant .

[1
mar
k]

c. Why psychotherapeutic drugs cannot be taken without doctors prescription?

.

[1 mark]
d. Name two health problems that can be treated using cortisone?

.

[2
mar
ks]

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ESSAY

SECTION B

13 (a)

(i) Explain the cleansing action of soap on greasy stains.
[6 marks]

(ii) Explain why detergent is more effective than soap as a cleansing agent in
hard water.
[5 marks]

(b)

(i) What is meant by `analgesic`?
[1 mark]

(ii) State two examples of analgesics besides aspirin.
[2 marks]
(iii) Discuss four uses of aspirin and two side effects on health of using
aspirin.
[6 marks]
(iv)

14 (a) Alcohol Q contains 52.2% carbon, 13.0% hydrogen and 34.8% oxygen by mass.

(i) Determine the empirical formula and molecular formula of alcohol Q if
the molar mass of alcohol Q is 46 gmol
-1
.
Relative atomic mass of H=1, C=12 dan O=16
[6 marks]

(ii) Draw the structural formula of alcohol Q.
[1 mark]

(b) Describe how you could produce alcohol Q from glucose, C
6
H
12
O
6
.
[8 marks]

(c) Describe how you could produce an acid from alcohol Q in the laboratory. In your
answer, include the chemical equation for the reaction involved.

[5 marks]

Soap and detergent are two cleansing agents that we used in our daily life.
Aspirin is an example of analgesic that should never be given
to children.
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15 (a) Two compounds below are most used in daily life as preservative.

Describe how the compounds act as preservative.
[2 marks]

(b)

(i) Explain the cleansing action of soap on the oily stains in soft water.
[5 marks]

(ii)

Discuss how detergent can pollute the environment and suggest how to overcome it.
[6 marks]

(c)

(i) What is the meaning of analgesic? [1 mark]
(ii) State two others medicine to replace the aspirin. [2 marks]
(iii) Discuss the uses of aspirin and it effects on our health. [4 marks]

SECTION C

16 (a)

Sulphuric acid is an example of manufactured substance in industry
that has many uses in our daily life.
Two cleansing compounds which are commonly use are soap and detergent.
Ministry of Science Technology and Environment always advice public
to keep our river clean including not to discard waste water from
washing that contain high quantity of detergent into the river.
Aspirin is an example of analgesic medicine which cannot be taken
by children below 12 years old.
* Salt
* Sugar
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(i) State three uses of sulphuric acid. [3
marks]

(ii) Describe the process of producing sulphuric acid in industry. [7
marks]

(b) .

Describe how you could compare the rate of rusting between iron, steel and
stainless steel. Your answer should include tabulation of data and conclusion.

[10
marks]

Paper 3

17 The diagram below shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to compare the elasticity
properties of vulcanised rubber and unvulcanised rubber.

An experiment is carried out using weights of 10g, 20g and 30g to get the increase in length of
the vulcanised rubber and the unvulcanised rubber.

The table below shows the results obtained from the experiment.

Types of rubber
Vulcanised
rubber
Unvulcanised
rubber
Weights (g) 10 20 30 10 20 30
Initial length, l
1
(cm) 8 8 8 8 8 8
Steel and stainless steel are examples of alloys and their
major metal is iron.
Rubber strip
Clip
Weight
Ruler
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Length after stretching, I
2
(cm) 10 12 11 12 16 20
Increase in length, I
2
I
1
(cm)
Increase in length after weight is removed. (cm) 8.5 9 9.5 10 12 14

(a) Complete the table above based on the above experiment.
[3 marks]

(b) State one hypothesis for this experiment.

....
[
3
marks]

(c) Based on the information above, complete the following table.


..

..


..

...


..

..


..

..


[6 marks]

(d) Based on the experiment above, which rubber strip is more elastic?.
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..

..

..
[3 marks]

(e) Give the definition of vulcanised rubber?

.
[3 marks]

18

Referring to the above situation, plan an experiment in the laboratory to investigate the effect
of alloying towards the hardness of pure metal.

Your planning should include the following:

(i) Statement of the problem
(ii) Hypothesis
(iii) Variables
(iv) List of substances and apparatus
(v) Procedures
(vi) Tabulation of data
[17 marks]

Copper wire in an electric cable can be bent with our bare hands.
One cent shilling made from the alloy of copper with tin and zinc
cannot be bent easily.
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MARK SCHEME
CHEMISTRY
SCORE A
MODULE

- Set 1
- Set 2
- Set 3
- Set 4

SET 1 Section A

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1. (a)

[Functional diagram ] 1
[ Labeled] 1

(b) (i) 80
o
C 1

(ii) PQ : solid 1
RS : liquid 1

(iii) 1.The energy is absorbed 1
2.to overcome the forces of attraction between the particles 1

(iv) The particles move faster 1

(c )

[The shape of the graph is correct and 80
0
C on graph] 1
[ Both axis are labeled with unit ] 1

(d) naphthalene 1
------
11
====

Heat
Substance X
water
Thermometer
Temperature /
0
C

Time/s

80
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2 (a) 2.8.8
1
(b) (i) Z
1
(ii) Achieve octet electron arrangement // achieve 8
electron in the outermost shell // 8 valence electron
1

(c) (i) V
1

(ii) The atomic size of V is smaller than the atomic size of Y
1
The attraction between the nucleus and the outermost occupied shell
is stronger in an atom V than an atom Y
1
It is easier for atom V to receive electron
1

(d) (i) High melting / boiling point// dissolve in water// do not dissolve in
organic solvents // conduct electricity in aqueous solution or molten state
1

(ii)

1. Functional diagram and heating is shown
1
2. Y/Chlorine gas and iron labeled
1
-
-
-
-
-

10
Y/Chlorine gas
Iron
Heat
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===

3 (a) Q
1

(b)(i) Ion
1

(b)(ii) 1. solid state : Ions are not freely moving// ions are in a fixed position.
1
2. molten state : Ion can move freely
1

(c )(i) R : Gas
1
T : Liquid

(c )(ii)
2

(c )(iii) 1. Van der waal/intermolecular forces are weak
1
2. Small amount of heat is required to overcome it
1

------

10

===

4. (a) Atom Y receive one electron 1
Atom X receive two electron 1

(b) (i) X
2
Y 1
(ii) Ionic bond 1
(iii) 4X + Y
2
2X
2
Y 1

(c ) (i) X : 2.8.2 1
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Y : 2.8.7 1

(ii) Y
(iii) 1. Atom X and atom Y have the same number of shells
occupy with electrons 1
2. The number of proton in the nucleus of atom Y is
more than X 1
3. Nulcei attraction to the electrons in the shells of atom Y
is stronger than X 1

(d) 1. Electron arrangement all atoms are correct 1
2. One carbon atom share four pairs of electrons with 4 Y atoms 1
-----
12
===

5 (a) Formula that shows the simplest ratio of the number of atoms
for each element in the compound. 1

(b)

Functional set-up apparatus and heating are shown 1
Dry hydrogen gas and oxide of copper are labelled 1

(c) Cu O

24.46 19.60 / 4.86 25.68 24.46 / 1.22 1

4.86 / 0.076 1.22 / 0.076 1
64 16

CuO 1

(d) CuO + H
2
Cu + H
2
O 1
(e) Collect the gas in a test tube 1
Put lighted wooden splinter at the mouth/into the test tube
1
No pop sound produced
1
(f) (i) No 1
Magnesium more reactive than hydrogen //
Hydrogen less reactive than magnesium // hydrogen below
magnesium in reactivity series. 1

Dry hydrogen gas
Oxide of copper
Heat
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(ii)

Functional diagram and heating is shown 1
Magnesium is labeled 1
14

6. (a) (i) 2.8.1 // 2,8,1 1
(ii) 3 1
1 1

(b) (i) Covalent bond 1
(ii) Low melting point and boiling point// 1
insoluble/does not dissolve in water//soluble/dissolve in
organic solvent//
does not conduct electricity in any state
[Choose one]

(c ) (i)

Number of electrons for ion T and ion R are correct
1
Charge of ions and ratio of ion T to ion R are correct
1

(ii) Elecrostatic
1

(iii) Liquid / molten state
1

(d) S, R,T
1

7. (a)
Element C H O
Heat
Magnesium
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Number of moles
(mol)
12
00 . 40

= 3.33
1
67 . 6

= 6.67
16
33 . 53

= 3.33
Ratio of moles 1 2 1

1. Number of mole 1
2. Ratio of mole 1

The empirical formula of the compound is CH
2
O 1

(b) n [ 12 + 2(1) + 16 ] = 90
n =
30
90

= 3 1

Molecular formula of lactic acid is C
3
H
6
O
3
1

(c ) One molecule of lactic acid contains 6 hydrogen atoms//
1 mol of lactic acid contains 6 mol of hydrogen atoms 1
1 mol of lactic acid contains 6 6 .02 10
23
hydrogen atoms 1

(d) The number of mole of lactic acid =
90
5 . 4

= 0.05 mol 1

(e) 3 M
r
of ethanoic acid = 2 M
r
of lactic acid
M
r
of ethanoic acid =
3
90 2 x

= 60 1

(f) n (30) = 60
n = 2
Molecular formula of ethanoic acid is C
2
H
4
O
2
/ CH
3
COOH 1
-------
11
====

8. (a) (i) AgNO
3
1

(ii) ZnCl
2
1
(iii) AgCl 1
(iv) Zn(NO
3
)
2
1

(b) (i) Silver nitrate and zinc chloride 1
Silver chloride and zinc nitrate 1

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(ii) 2AgNO
3
+ ZnCl
2
2AgCl + Zn(NO
3
)
2
1

(c ) (i) Number of moles of AgNO
3
=
170
85

= 0.5 mol 1

2 moles of AgNO
3
produce 2 moles of Ag
0.5 mole of AgNO
3
produce 0.5 mole of Ag 1

Mass of Ag = 0.5 108
= 54 g 1

Volume of O
2
= 0.25 24
= 6 dm
3
1

------
10
===

SECTION B

9 (a) (i) 1. Atom consist proton and electron
1
2. Electrons in the shell
1
3. Protons are in the nucleus
1
4. The nucleus in the middle of the atom
1

(ii) 1. Rutherfords model: Electrons outside the nucleus
1
2. Bohrs model: Electrons in the shell
1
(iii)

1. Atom with nucleus and the number of shells is 3
1
2. Correct number of electrons: 2.8.3
1

(b) (i) 35 37
Cl Cl
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17 17
1. Symbol of an element
1
2. Nucleon number
1
3. Proton number
1

(ii) 1. Chlorine-35 and chlorine-37 have 17 protons// The electron arrangements of
chlorine-35 and chlorine- 37 are 2.8.7
1
2. The number of neutron in chlorine-35 and chlorine- 37 are 18 and 20 respectively//
The nucleon number of chlorine-35 and chlorine- 37 are 35 and 37 respectively
1

(c) 1. Nucleus is at the centre of the atom
2. Nucleus contains 17 protons, which are positively charged particles
3. The number of neutrons are 18/20 which are neutral particles
4. The nucleon number is 35/37
5. Electron cloud consist of 17 electrons
6. Electron which is negatively charged particles move around the
nucleus// Electron is located outside the nucleus/in the shell
7. Electron arrangement is 2.8.7// The number of shells field with electrons are 3
Max 5

Total:
20

SECTION C

10 (a) Number of mole of carbon dioxide =
44
2 . 2
= 0.05 mol
1
Number of mole of hydrogen =
2
2 . 2
= 1.1 mol
1

The number of mole of carbon dioxide is smaller; therefore, its volume is smaller than
the volume of hydrogen
1

(b) (i) formula that shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element
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present in the compound.
1

(ii) Material and apparatus:
Magnesium ribbon, sand paper, crucible with lid, tongs, Bunsen burner,
tripod stand, pipe-clay triangle and balance. or [diagram]
2

Procedure:

1. A crucible and its lid is weighed
1
2. its weight is recorded.
1
3. A 10 cm length of magnesium ribbon is placed in the crucible.
1
4. The crucible with its lid and content are weighed again
1
5. and the weight is recorded .
6. The crucible is heated strongly
1
7. The crucible and its lid and content are weighed again
8. and its weight is recorded.

[Precautions taken]
9. The magnesium ribbon is cleaned with sand paper.

10. The crucible must cover.
11. The processes of heating, cooling and weighing are repeated until
a constant mass is obtained.

[any two of the above]
2

[ Results ]
12. Crucible + lid = a g
Crucible + lid + magnesium = b g
Crucible + lid + magnesium oxide = c g
1

[ Calculation ]
Element Magnesium Oxygen
Mass(g) b-a c-b
Number of moles of atoms b-a/24 c-b/16
Simplest ratio of moles X y
1. Mass 1
2. Simplest ratio of moles 1
2

Empirical formula = Mg
x
O
y

1

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(c) 1 Unable to make sure that all the magnesium is oxidised .
1
2 The products (Cu and MgO) cannot be separated.
1
3 The mass of copper and oxygen cannot be determined.
1

-----

20

===

11 (a)(i) 1. Two atoms of P combine through covalent bond.
1
2. Each atom of P needs two more electrons to achieve
octet electron arrangement.
1
3. Each atom of P contributes two electrons to each other
for sharing.
1
4. Two atoms of P share two pairs of electrons.
1
5. A double covalent bond is formed.

2

(ii) 1. Atom Q and atom R combine through ionic bond.
1
2. To achieve octet electron arrangement,
1
3. atom Q with 6 valence electrons loses two electrons to form Q
2+
ion
1
P P
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4. Two atom R, each atom with 7 valence electrons
gains one electron to form R
-
ion.
1
5. Q
2+
ion and R
-
ion are attracted to each other by strong electrostatic
force.1

_ 2+ _

R Q R

2

(b)(i) 2Q + P
2
2QP
1

(ii) 1. Have high melting point
1
2. Usually soluble in water
1
3. Conduct electricity in the molten state or aqueous solution.
1

1. Element Q is located in Group 2
1
2. because it has two valence electrons
1
3. Element Q is located in Period 3
1
4. because it has three shells occupied with electrons
1

20

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PAPER 3

Question Rubric
12 (a) Able to record all the readings correctly to 1 decimal place.

Time
(minute)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Temperature
(
o
C)
95.0 89.0 84.5 83.0 83.0 83.0 77.0 70.0

12 (b) Able to draw the graph with the following elements::
- X-axis is labeled(minute) and y-axis temperature(
o
C) with consistent
scales
- Size of the graph is at least half the page of the graph paper.
- All the points are plotted correctly
- Curve of the graph is correct and smooth

Graph of temperature against time
Temperature/
0
C
Melting point
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Question Rubric
12 (c) (i) Able to explain the change of temperature with time from the graph.
Suggested answer:
- In the first 3 minutes, the temperature of substance X will decrease from
95
o
C to 83
o
C.
- Constant temperature at 83
o
C for 3 minutes.
- The temperature decreases again after 83
o
C
12 (c) (ii) Able to make the correct inference.
Suggested answer:
- Temperature decreases because heat is released to the surrounding.
- Temperature is contant because heat released to the surrounding is
balanced by the heat released when bonds are formed.
- The freezing process is at 83
o
C // solid and liquid X exist together

12 (d)
- Able to state the freezing point accurately based on the graph with the
correct unit.
- Dotted line is shown on the graph.
- Labeling the freezing point at temperature axis.
12 (e) Able to give the meaning of freezing point accurrately.
Suggested answer:
Freezing point is the constant temperature at 83
o
C even though substance X is
let to cool to room remperature.

12 (f) Able to predict the melting point of substance X accurately with unit and with
correct reasons.
Suggested answer :83.0
o
C
Value of melting point substance X is the same as its freezing point.

13 (a) Able to predict the manipulated variable, the responding variable and the
constant variable completely.

Suggested answer:
Manipulated variable : metals of Group 1 elements // sodium, lithium,
potassium.

Responding variable: the reactivity of the reaction with water // the speed of
movement on the water surface
Time, minute
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Constant variable: size/mass of metals. Volume of water

Able to state how to control the manipulated variables correctly

Suggested answer:
Repeat the experiment by using the metals of sodium, lithium and potassium
Able to state correctly the way to control the manipulated variable

Suggested answer:
To observe how fast the metals move on the surface of water.

Able to use the metal granules with the same size
Suggested answer :
Use the metal granules with the same size.

Question Rubric

13 (b) Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the
responding variable correctly..
Suggested answer: The reactivity of Group 1 elements increases going down
the group.
13 (c) Able to arrange correctly the reactivity series of the metals according to
descending order.
Answer: potassium, sodium, lithium
13 (d) Able to classify the ions correctly.
[to name or write all the formula of the ions correctly at the cations and anions
group.]
Answer: positive ion/ cation : sodium ion/ Na+, hydrogen ion/ H+
Negative ion/anion : hydroxide ion/ OH-
14(a) [Able to state the aim of experiment accurately]
To compare the reactivity of lithium, sodium and potassium based on the
reaction with water and describing the effect of the solution towards the red
litmus paper.
14(b) Hypothesis
Metals of lithium, sodium and potassium show different rate of reactivity with
water and the solution formed turns red litmus paper to blue.
14(c) Variables
a) Manipulated variable :type of metals
b) Responding variable : reactivity of reaction
c) Constant variable : water and temperature
14(d) [Able to list the correct and complete substances and apparatus.]
Substances and Apparatus
Lithium, sodium and potassium metals with water, basin, knife, forceps, blue
litmus paper and white tile.
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14(e) [Able to give all the procedures correctly, steps 1 - 7]
1. Lithium metal is cut into a small piece
2. The paraffin oil on the surface of the metal is wiped with the filter.
3. A basin is filled with water.
4. Lithium metal is put on the surface of the water with a pair of forceps.
5. Reactivity of the reaction is observed and recorded.
6. The experiment is repeated with sodium and potassium metals.
14(f) [Able to show the accurate tabulation of data with correct title.]

Metals Observations
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium

SET 2

1 (a) Cu
2+
, H
+
, Cl
-
, OH
-

1
(b) (i) Brown solid deposited
1
(ii) Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
1

(c ) (i) Chlorine
1
(ii) Cl
2
+ 2I
-
I
2
+ 2Cl
-

The formula of reactants and product correct
1
Balanced
1
(iii) Potassium iodide / iodide ion
1

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(d) (i) Oxygen
1
(ii) Put a glowing wooden splinter near the mouth of/into the test tube
1
Glowing wooden splinter is lighted up
1

2 (a) An arrangement of metal ions based on the tendency of each metal atom to
donate electrons.
1
(b)

More electropositive
1
(c) Iron //Tin // Lead
1
(d) (i) Zinc is higher than silver in the Electrochemical series//
Zinc is more electropositive than silver
1
(ii) Zn + 2AgNO
3
Zn(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag
1. Correct formula for reactants and products
1
2. Balanced
1
(iii) 0 to +2
1
(e) Blue to colourless / become fade / paler
1
The number / the concentration of Cu
2+
becomes lower
1
(f) Determine the terminal of a voltaic cell
1
Compare the standard cell voltages of voltaic cells
1

3 (a) to allow ions to flow/move through it
1
(b) (i) Copper(II) sulphate// Copper(II) chloride// Copper(II) nitrate
1
(ii) Copper (II) ion, sulphate ion//chloride ion//nitrate ion
1
(c) Copper
1
Copper less electropositive than zinc
1
(d) zinc becomes thinner
1

(e)
Silver electrode and Zinc electrode and
Copper silver P zinc

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silver nitrate solution.

zinc nitrate solution
Observation on Y
solution you have
suggested in (b) (i)

The intensity of blue
colour increases.

The intensity of blue
colour decreases.

Half equation for the
reaction at cooper
electrode

Cu Cu
2+
+ 2e

Cu
2+
+2e Cu

1+1+1+
1
(f) If silver metal is used, the number of Cu
2+
ion increases but if Zn metal is used,
the number of Cu
2+
ion decreases.
1

4 (a) To detect the flow of electric current
1

(b)

(c) (i) Colourless to brown 1
(ii) 1. Put a few drops of starch solution 1
2. A blue precipitate is formed 1
(d) 1. Potassium iodide // Iodide ion 1
2. Loss electron // increase in oxidation number 1
(e) Cl2 + 2e 2Cl
-
1
(f) Bromine water // acidified KMnO4 solution // acidified K2Cr2O7 solution 1
(g) 0 to -1 1

5 (a) The colour of the solution changes from green to brown/yellow 1
(b) Cl2 + 2 Fe
2+
2Fe
3+
+ 2Cl
-

1. correct formula for reactants and products 1
2. Balanced 1
(c) (i) Oxidising agent 1
(ii) Change Fe
2+
to Fe
3+
1
(d) +2 to + 3 1
(e) (i) The substance that loss of electrons 1
(ii) zinc 1
e
e e
e
Dilute sulphuric acid

electrode Q
Chlorine water
Potassium iodide
solution
Electrode P
G
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(iii) The colour of the solution changes from brown to green 1

6 (a) Control experiment 1
(b) Iron(II) ion 1
(c) 1. Experiment C. 1
2. Iron(II) ion does not exist/present 1
(d) Q, Fe, P 1
(e) (i) Metal Q corrodes 1
(ii) Zinc/Aluminium/Magnesium 1
(f) OH
-
//hydroxide ion 1

7 (a) because hydrogen is less reactive than metal Q/
Hydrogen is unable to reduce the oxide of metal Q
1
(b) Q, Hydrogen, P, R
1
(c) P oxide,
1
loss oxygen/gain of electrons/decrease in oxidation number
1
(d) P oxide
1
(e) PO + H
2
P + H
2
O
2
(f) Copper
1
(g) No,
1
because carbon is less reactive than metal X/
Carbon is unable to reduce the oxide of metal X.
1

------

10

===

8 (a) Oxidation is loss of electron
1
Reduction is a gain of electron.
1

(d) (i) 1. Magnesium atom loses two electrons to form magnesium ion / Mg
2+

1
2. Mg Mg + 2e
1
3. Oxygen molecule gains the electrons to form oxide ions / O
2-

1
4. O
2
+ 4e 2O
2-

1
5.Ionic equation :
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2Mg + O
2
2Mg + 2O
2-

1

(c ) (i) 1. At anode :
Copper(II) ion / Cu
2+
gain two electrons to form copper atom
1
2. Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
1

3. At cathode :
Zinc atom gains two electrons to form zinc ion / Zn
2+

1
4. Zn Zn
2+
+ 2e
1

5. Ionic equation :
Zn + Cu
2+
Zn
2+
+ Cu
1 10

(max:9)

(c )(ii)

Funtional diagram 1
[Lables for :
bromine water 1
iron(II) sulphate solution 1
sulphuric acid 1
Positive and negative terminal 1 5

(d)(i) Oxidizing agent : bromine water / Br
2

1
Reducing agent : iron(II) sulphate solution / iron(II) ion / Fe
2+

1

(ii) 1. The green colour of iron(II) sulphate changes to yellow/brown colour.
1
Carbon electrodes
Carbon electrodes
Positive terminal negative terminal
Bromine water Iron(II) sulphate
solution
Sulphuric acid
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2. The brown colour of bromine water becomes colourless.
1

----

20

===

9 (a) 1. Reaction I is a non-redox reaction
1
2. Because all the elements in reaction I do not undergo any change
in oxidation numbers
1
3. Reaction II is a redox reaction
1
4. Because zinc and hydrogen undergo changes in oxidation numbers
1

(b) (i) 1. Magnesium react with copper(II)sulphate solution
1
2. Magnesium atoms are oxidized to magnesium ions
1
3. Copper(II)ions are reduced to copper atoms
1
4. Mg Mg
2+
+ 2e
1
5. Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
1..

(ii) 1. Acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution react with
iron(II)chloride solution
1
2. iron(II) ions are oxidized to iron(III)ions
1
3. Manganate (VII) ions are reduced to Mn
2+
ions
1
4. Fe
2+
Fe
3+
+ e
1
5. MnO
2-
4
+ 8H
+
+ 5e Mn
2+
+ 4H
2
O
1

(c ) 1. Zinc dissolve //Brown precipitate /deposited//blue solution becomes
colourless
1
2. Zn Zn
2+
+2e
1
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3. Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
1
4. Zinc acts as a reducing agent
1
5. Copper (II)ions acts as an oxidizing agent
1

10 (a) 1. Compound that can conduct electricity in molten state
or aqueous solution.
1
2. [ example: suitable electrolyte]
1

(b) 1. Functional diagram
1
2. Labelled
1
3. Copper plate and zinc are dipped into the beaker contains
copper(II) sulphate solution
1
4. Copper plate and zinc are connected to voltmeter.
1
5. Voltmeter shows readings// the voltmeter needle deflected
1
6. The flow of electrons form zinc to copper produces electrical energy.
1
7. Zn Zn
2+
+ 2e
1
8. Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
1

(c) (i) 1. concentration of ion
1
2. Type of electrode
1

(ii) 1. OH
-
ion and SO
4
2-
ion move to anode
1
2. OH
-
is selected to be discharged to produce oxygen.
1
3. Bubble of gas is formed at anode
1 5. 4OH
-
O
2
+ 2H
2
O + 4e
1
6. Cu
2+
ion and H
+
ion move to cathode
1
7. Cu
2+
ion is discharged to form copper
1
8. Brown solid deposited at cathode
1
9. Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
1

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11 (a) 1. Electrolysis is a process whereby a compound is decomposed into its
constituent elements when an electric current passes through
an electrolyte
1
2. Ion : The charged particle // negative (or positive) charged particle
1

(b) 1. the ions presents are lead ions / Pb
2+
and bromide ions / Br
-

1 2. lead ions / Pb
2+
are attracted to the cathode
1 3. bromide ions / Br
-
are attracted to the anode
1 4. at the cathode the lead ions / Pb
2+

receive two electrons to
become lead metal
1
5. Pb
2+
+ 2e Pb
1
6. at the anode the bromide ions / Br
-
to become bromine atom
1
7. two bromine atom combine to form bromine gas / molecule
1
8. 2Br
-
Br
2
+ 2e
1

(c)
Diagram
1. Functional
1
2. Labelled
1
Procedure :
1. Pour the copper(II) sulphate solution into the electrolytic cell
1
2. Fill the test tube with copper(II) sulphate solution and inverted the test
tube on the carbon electrodes .
1
3. Switch on the current.
1
4. Collect the gas produce at the anode. Test the gas.
1
Observation
5. Cathode : Brown solid deposited
1
6. Anode : Colourless gas released
1
7. Place a glowing wooden splinter near the mouth of the test tube
1
8. glowing wooden splinter is lighted up
1
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Equation :
9. Cathode : Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
1
10. Anode : 4OH
-
2H
2
O + O
2
+ 4e 1

Max 10

12 (a) 1. changes in the oxidation number
1
2. [ state a suitable example//write chemical equation of redox reaction]
1
Example:The reaction between chlorine and potassium iodide solution
3. [The element that undergoes oxidation has increase of oxidation number]
1
Example: Iodide ion is oxidized to iodine because the oxidation number
of iodine increase from -1 to 0.
[The element that undergoes reduction has decrease of oxidation
number]
Example: Chlorine is reduced to chloride ion because the oxidation
4. number of chlorine decrease from 0 to -1
1

(b) 1. [Material : Any suitable oxidizing agent , any suitable reducing agent
and any suitable electrolyte]
1

2. [ Apparatus : U-tube , carbon electrodes , connecting wires and
galvanometer]
1
Diagram
3. Functional
1
4. Labelled
1
Prosedure
5. Sulphuric acid is put in a U-tube until 1/3 full
1
6. Bromine water is put in one end of the U-tube while potassium
iodide solution is put in the other end of the U-tube
1
7. carefully
1
8. Two carbon electrodes connected by connecting wires to a galvanometer
are dipped into the two solution at the two ends of the U-tube.
1

Observation
9. The colour of bromine water change from brown to colourless
1
10. The colour pf potassium iodide solution change from
colourless to yellow/brown
1
11. The needle of the galvanometer is deflected
1

Reaction that take place
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12. Oxidation reaction : Br
2
+ 2e 2Br
-

1
13. Reduction reaction: 2I
-
I
2
+ 2e
1
Max :
12

(c) 1. [Any suitable example of double decomposition]
1
2. [ A balanced equation]
1
3. The reaction is not redox reaction because the oxidation number of
all elements do not undergo any change
1
4. Neutralization
1

13 (a) 1. Hydrogen
1
2. 2H
+
+ 2e H
2

1

(b) 1. X=Zinc ,Y=Copper ,Z=Potassium chloride ,
P=Zinc sulphate , Q= copper(II)sulphate
1
2. Zinc negative terminal
1
3. Zn Zn
2+
+ 2e
1
4. Zinc becomes thinner
1
5. Copper is the positive terminal
1
6. Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
1
7. Brown solid deposited//Intensity of the blue colour of copper(II)
sulphate solution decreases
1
8. electron flow from zinc to copper
1

(c ) 1. Apparatus: U-tube , galvanometer, connecting wires,
carbon electrodes
1
2. Dilute sulphuric acid is poured into U-tube
1
3. Iron(II)sulphate solution is added into one of the arms of the U-tube
1
4. Carefully
1
5. Acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution is added to the other
arm of the Utube
1
6. A carbon electrode is then immersed into each arm of the U-tube
1
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7. The electrodes are then connected to the galvanometer by connecting
Wires
1
8. The green colour of iron(II)sulphate turns to yellow
1
9. The purple colour of potassium manganate(VII) decolourises
1
10. The deflection of the galvanometer needle shows that electrons
Flow from iron (II) sulphate to acidified potassium manganate(VII)
1

Paper 3 :

Question
Number
Rubric
14(a)
[Able to write potential difference with two decimal correctly]
Pair of metals Potential
difference(V)
Positive terminal
L and M 1.10 L
L and J 1.80 L
L and Q 0.40 Q
14(b)
[Able to give the hypothesis accurately]
The further the distance between two metals in the electrochemical series, the
higher the potential difference / voltage
14(c)
[Able to arrange the metals in the electrochemical series in descending order
correctly]
J, M, L, Q
14(d)
[Able to classify the metals correctly]:
More electropositive : J, M
Less electropositive : L, Q
14(e)
[Able to predict correctly]
Answer: 1.50V

15 (a) Experiment Voltmeter reading(V)
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I 0.60
II 1.00
III 1.60
IV 0.40
(b) Manipulated : Pairs of metals//Different pairs of electrodes
Responding: Voltmeter reading
Fixed: Volume and concentration of the electrolyte.
(c) The further the distance between two metals in the electrochemical series,the
higher the value of the voltage/ voltmeter reading.
(d) S
(e) R, Q, S, P
(f) Mass of negative electrode decreases but the mass of positve electrode increases.
(g) Distance between S and R is further than S and Q in the Electrochemical Series.
(h)(i)

Copper strip becomes thinner.
Intensity of blue colour remains the same.
(h)(ii) Cu Cu
2+
+ 2e
(i) Can displace:P,S
Cannot displace: R

Question
Number
Rubric
16 Problem Statement
How does the type of electrodes affects the products of electrolysis of copper(II)
sulphate solution?
Variables
a) manipulated: type of electrodes / carbon and copper electrodes
b) responding : product of electrolysis
c) fixed: volume and concentration of copper(II) sulphate solution
Substances
Copper(II) sulphate solution 1.0 mol dm
-3

Apparatus
Batteries, connecting wires with crocodile clips,ammeter, rheostat, carbon
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electrodes, copper strips and beaker.
Procedures
1. Two copper strips are cleaned with sand paper and the mass is recorded.
2. A beaker is filled with copper(II) sulphate solution.
3. Two copper strips are immersed in the copper(II) sulphate.
4. Both copper strips are connected to the connecting wires, switch, ammeter
and rheostat.
5. On the switch/ complete the circuit and let the experiment continue for 20
minutes.
6. Record the observation of the solution, anode and cathode.
7. Repeat the experiment by using carbon rods

Tabulation of data

Type of
electrodes
Observations
Anode Cathode
Copper electrode.
Carbon electrode

SET 3

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1 (a) X water
1 Y [organic solvent], example : benzene/ toluene / tetrachloromethane
1

(b) (i) HCl in solvent X / water
1
(ii) HCl molecules ionize to produce hydrogen ion / H
+

1

(c) (i) Carbon dioxide
1
(ii) Passed the gas through the lime water, the lime water turn chalky
1 (iii) 2H
+
+ CO
3
2-
CO
2
+ H
2
O
1

(d) 1. In solvent X / water, hydrogen chloride molecules ionize to produce free moving
ions /
H
+
and Cl
-

1
2. In solvent Y / [organic solvent] hydrogen chloride remains in the form of
molecules
/ do not ionize
1

(e) Number of mol of HCl = MV/1000

= 0.5 x 100 = 0.05
1
1000
Mass of HCl = number of mol x molar mass of HCl
= 0.05 x 36.5
1 = 1.825 g
1

2. (a) (i) copper(ii) oxide 1
(ii) Heat strongly 1

(iii)

1. Functional apparatus 1
2. Label 1

(b)(i) All hydrochloric acid has reacted 1
(ii) CuO + 2HCl CuCl
2
+ H
2
O 1
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(c ) Heat the solution until saturated, cool the solution ,
filter and dry with filter paper 1

3(a) (i) Nitric acid (dilute) 1
(ii) PbO + 2HNO3 Pb(NO3)2 + H2O 1

(b) (i) Nitrogen dioxide 1
(ii) 2Pb(NO3)2 2PbO + 4NO2 + O2 1

(c) (i) Precipitation reaction /Double decomposition 1

(ii) Pb
2+
+ 2Cl
-
PbCl2 1

(ii) Filter, rinse with distill water 1

(d) White precipitate 1
Dissolve in excess of sodium hydroxide solution 1

4.(a) Lead(II) iodide
1
(b) 5 cm
1
(c) 5 cm
3

1

(d) (i) the number of mole of sodium iodide
= 1 x 10.0 // 0.01 mol
1
1000
(ii) the number of mole of lead(II) nitrate
= 1 x 5 // 0.005 mol
1
1000
(e) Pb
2+
+ 2I
-
PbI2
1
(f)

1

2.5 5

5 (a) 2H
2
O
2
2H
2
O + O
2

1

(b) Graph:
- X axis and Y axis are labelled with unit
1
- Appropriate scale and consistence.

5
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- All points are plotted correctly
1
- Smooth curve
1

(c) (i)
0 60
0 29
= 0.483 cm
3
s
-1

1
(ii) Tangent at the curve is shown.
1
(accept 0.2 0.3) cm
3
s
-1

1
(d) Number of mole of O
2
=
24000
36
= 0.0015 mol
1

1 mol O
2 :
2 mol H
2
O
2

0.0015 mol O
2
: 2(0.0015) mol H
2
O
2
1
= 0.003 mol H
2
O
2

Concentration of H
2
O
2
= 0.003 x
25
1000
= 0.12 mol dm
-3

1
(e) 1. Catalyst/manganese(IV) oxide lowers the activation energy
of hydrogen peroxide molecules
1
2. The frequency of collision between hydrogen peroxide
molecules increases
1
3. The frequency of effective collision between hydrogen peroxide
molecules increases
1

6 (a) Heat is released when 1 mol of copper is displaced from
copper(II) sulphate solution by zinc
1
(b) Blue colour of copper(II) sulphate solution becomes colourless //
brown solid is deposited // zinc dissolves/ the polystyrene cup becomes hot
1
(c) (i) Heat released = 50 x 4.2 x 5.2 J / 1092 J
1

(ii) Number of mole of copper(II) sulphate = 0.1 x 50 / 0.005 mol
1
1000

(v) Heat of displacement = 1092
0.005
1
= - 218400 J mol
-1
// -218.4 kJ mol
-1
1
[negative sign, correct answer with unit]
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(d) Zinc + copper(II) sulphate

Zink sulphate + copper

1. The position and name/formulae for the reactants and products are
correct 1
2 Label for the energy axis and arrow for the two levels are shown.
1

(e) 1. Lower/smaller
1
2. The total surface area exposed to the air is larger
1
3. Heat is lost to the environment
1

7 (a) 1. The heat of neutralization is the energy change when one mole of water
is formed from the neutralization between one mole of hydrogen ions
from an acid and one mole of hydroxide ions from an alkali.
1

(b) to reduce heat loss to the surrounding
1
(c) H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O
1

(c) stir the solution // carried out in minimum air movement//mix the acid
and alkali quickly
1

(e) (i) Heat change = 100 x 4.2 x 12 J //5040 J
1
(ii) Number of moles of NaOH and HCl reacted = 50 x 2.0 // 0.1

1000
1
Heat of neutralization = - 5040 Jmol
-
// -50.4kJmol
-

1
0.1
Energy
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(f) energy
NaOH + HCl

H = -50.4kJmol
-

NaCl + H
2
O

1. Axes with label of energy 1
2. The position of reactants and products correct 1

(g) Heat is lost to the surrounding. 1

8 (a) The heat of precipitation is the energy change when one mole of precipitate
is formed from its ions. 1
(b) White precipitate is formed
1

(c) BaSO
4

1

(d)(i) H = 50 x 4.2 x 2.5
1
= 525J
1
(ii) The number of moles of barium chloride
= the number of sodium sulphate that reacted
= 25 x 0.5 // 0.0125 mol
1
1000

Heat of precipitation = 525 // 42000 Jmol
-
// 42kJmol
-

1
0.0125

(e) 5
0
C
1

8

9 (a) Collisions which achieve activation energy and with correct orientation.
1

(b) (i) Mg + 2H
+
Mg
2+
+ H
2

1. correct reactants and products 1
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2. balance 1

Comparing experiment II and experiment I

1. Ethanoic acid is a strong acid, whereas hydrochloric acid is a strong acid //
Ethanoic acid ionises partially,
whereas hydrochloric acid ionises completely in water.
1 2. Concentration of H
+
ions in hydrochloric acid is high.
1
3. The frequency of collision between H
+
ions and magnesium is high.
1
Comparing experiment II and experiment III
1. Sulphuric acid is a diprotic acid, whereas hydrochloric acid is a
monoprotic acid //1 mole of sulphuric acid ionises to produce 2 mole
of hydrogen ions,whereas 1 mole of hydrochloric acid ionises to
produce 1 mole of hydrogen ions.
1
2. Concentration of H
+
ions in sulphuric acid is higher than that in
hydrochloric acid.
1
+
ions and magnesium is high.
1..6

(ii) The time taken becomes shorter.
1

1. When the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of H
+
ions increases /
H
+
ions move faster.
1
2. The frequency of effective collision between H
+
ions and
magnesium atom increases
1..3

(c) (i) The decaying and decomposition of food is a chemical reaction
caused by the action of microorganisms (bacteria or fungi)
1
The temperature in refrigerator is lower than the temperature in
kitchen cabinet.
1
Low temperature slow down the activities of microorganisms.
1..3

(ii) Meat in small pieces has larger total surface area, whereas
1
Meat in big chunks has smaller total surface area.
1
Heat can be absorbed faster.
1..3
(iii) In a pressure cooker, the high pressure raises the boiling point of
water//above 100
o
C
1
At high temperature, food can be cooked faster
1..2

20

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10 (a) Mg + H
2
SO
4
MgSO
4
+ H
2
1
Experiment I:
Number of mole of H
2
SO
4
=
1000
1 10
= 0.01 1
1 mole of H
2
SO
4
produce 1 mole of H
2

0.01 mole of H
2
SO
4
produce 0.01 mole of H
2
1

Volume of hydrogen gas = 0.01 x 24000
= 240 cm
3
1
Experiment II:
Number of mole of H
2
SO
4
=
1000
2 10
= 0.02 1

Volume of hydrogen gas = 0.02 x 24000
= 480 cm
3
1..6

(b)

3
(c) Average rate of reaction:
Experiment I =
60
240
= 4 cm
3
s
-1
1
Experiment II =
30
480
= 16 cm
3
s
-1
1
Experiment III =
10
480
= 48 cm
3
s
-1
1

(d) Comparing experiment I and experiment II:
1. The concentration of sulphuric acid in experiment II is higher
than that in experiment I . 1
//The number of reacting particles/ H
+
ions per unit volume of
acid increases. 1

+
ions and
magnesium atom increases. 1
Volume of
hydrogen gas
/ cm
3

Time / s

II
III
480
240
I
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3. The frequency of effective collision increases. 1
4. The rate of reaction of experiment II is higher than
the rate of reaction of experiment I. 1

Comparing experiment II and experiment III:
1. The total surface area of magnesium in experiment III is larger than
that in experiment II. 1
+
ions and magnesium atom
increases. 1
3. The frequency of effective collision increases. 1
4. Thus, the rate of reaction of experiment III is higher than
the rate of reaction of experiment II. 1

11 (a) Soluble salt: copper(II) sulphate 1
Insoluble salt: barium sulphate 1

H
2
SO
4
+ CuO CuSO
4
+ H
2
O //
H
2
SO
4
+ CuCO
3
CuSO
4
+ H
2
O + CO
2
1

BaCl
2
+ Na
2
SO
4

BaSO
4
+ 2NaCl 1..4

(b) 1 Zinc nitrate crystals are dissolved in distilled water and
the solution is divided into two portions in two test tubes.
1
2 For the first portion, ammonia solution is added drop by
drop untill in excess.
1
3 A white precipitate is formed and insoluble in excess ammonia solution.
1
4 For the second portion, dilute sulphuric acid is added follow by
iron(II) sulphate solution. The mixture is shaken well.
1
5 Then, concentrated sulphuric acid is added carefully down
the side of the test tube. 1
6 A brown ring is formed.
1..6

(c) 1 Magnesium sulphate solution is added to sodium carbonate
solution in a beaker.
1
2 The mixture is shaken well/ stirred and a white solid, MgCO
3
is formed.
1
3 The white precipitate is filtered out and rinsed with distilled water.
1
4 The white precipitate is added to the nitric acid in a beaker until in excess/

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some of it no longer dissolve
1
5 The excess white precipitate is filter out.
1
6 The filtrate is poured into an evaporating dish.
1
7 The salt solution is gently heated until saturated.
1
8 The hot saturated salt solution is allowed to cool for crystals to form.
1
9 The crystals formed are filtered out, washed with a little cold distilled water.
1
and dried between sheets of filter paper.

Max 8
10 Chemical equations:

MgSO
4
+ Na
2
CO
3

MgCO
3
+ Na
2
SO
4

1
MgCO
3
+ 2HNO
3
Mg(NO
3
)
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2

1..10

12 (a) (i) Number of moles of solute//potassium hydroxide that are present in
1 dm
3
of solution
1
(ii) n= MV
1
(iii) Relative molecular mass of KOH = 39 + 16 + 1 = 56
1
Molarity of KOH = 11.2/56
1
= 0.2 mol dm
-3

1

(b) 1. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid whereas ethanoic acid is a weak acid
1
2. Ethanoic acid ionise partially in water to produce a low concentration
of hydrogen ions.
1
3. Hydrochloric acid ionise completely in water to produce a high concentration
of hydrogen ions.
1
4. The concentration of hydrogen ions in hydrochloric acid is higher than
that in ethanoic acid.
1
5. Thus, hydrochloric acid has lower value of pH compared to ethanoic acid
1

(c) (i) 1. Reaction between acid and alkali
1
2. Reaction between acid and metal oxide
1
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3. Reaction between acid and reactive metal
1
4. Reaction between acid and metal carbonate

( Any 2 from above)

(ii) 1. 50 cm
3
of 1 mol/dm
-3
silver nitrate is measured using a measuring cylinder and
poured into a beaker
1
2. 50 cm
3
of 1 mol/dm
-3
sodium chloride [any chloride solution] is measured
using a measuring and poured into silver nitrate solution
1
3. The mixture is stirred.
1
4. The mixture is filtered.
1
5. The residue/silver chloride is washed with a little cold distilled water
1
6. and dried between sheets of filter paper.
1

1+1

13 (a) The heat of neutralisation is the heat produced when
one mole of water is formed from the reaction between an acid and alkali.
/ 1 mole of H
+
ion react with 1 mole of OH
-
ion to form one mole of water.
1

(b) Comparing the heat of reaction of Reaction I and Reaction II
1. NaOH and KOH are strong alkalis, whereas
HCl and HNO
3
are strong acids.
1

2. Both reactions involved combination of 1 mole of hydrogen ions and
1 mole of hydroxide ions to produce 1 mole of molecule water.
1

Comparing the heat of reaction of Reaction III and Reaction I
1. Sulphuric acid is a strong diprotic acid.
1
2. The reaction between sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide involved
2 mole of hydrogen ions and 2 mole of hydroxide ions to produce
2 mole of molecule waters.
1
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Comparing the heat of reaction of Reaction IV and Reaction I
1. In reaction IV, ethanoic acid is a weak acid// ionises partially in water
to produce hydrogen ions of low concentration.
1

2. Some of the heat given out is used to dissociate the molecule of
ethanoic acid completely in water.
1

Heat of neutralisation of reaction III is 57kJmol
-1
and not 140 kJmol
-1

1. Because the heat of neutralisation is the heat produced when
one mole of water is formed.

Thus, 114 kJ 2 mol = - 57kJmol
-1

1.. 7

(b) 1. Materials: sodium hydroxide//potassium hydroxide, hydrochloric/nitric/
sulphuric acid
1
2. 50 cm
3
of 2 moldm
-3
sodium hydroxide solution is measured using a
measuring cylinder and poured into a plastic cup.
1
3. 50 cm
3
of 2 moldm
-3
hydrochloric acid is measured using another
measuring cylinder and poured into a plastic cup.
1
4. The initial temperature of the solutions are measured after a few minutes.
1
5. The hydrochloric acid is then poured quickly and carefully into the
sodium hydroide solution.
1
6. The mixture is stirred using a thermometer and the highest temperature
reached is recorded.
1

Max 5
Results:
Initial temperature of sodium hydroxide solution = T
1

0
C.
Initial temperature of hydrochloric acid = T
2

0
C
Highest temperature = T
3

0
C
1
Calculation:
Average temperature of acid and alkali = T
1
+ T
2

2
= T
x

0
C
1
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Increase in temperature = (T
3
-T
x
) =
0
C
1

Heat released in the reaction = (50 +50) ( C )
= P Joule
1
Number of mole of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid
= 50 x 2
1000
= 0.1 mol
1
0.1 mole of hydrochloric acid reacts with 0.1 mole of sodium hydroxide to
release P joule of heat.
Thus , 1 mole of hydrochloric acid reacts with 1 mole of sodium hydroxide
to release 1 X P joule haba = Q joule
1
0.1
Heat of neutralisation, H =
1000
Q
kJmol
-1

1..12

20

4. (a)(i)

1+1
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(ii) Number of moles of FeSO
4
= MV
1000
= (0.2)(50) = 0.01 mol 1
1000
Heat change = 0.01 x 200 kJ
= 2 kJ // 2000 J 1
Heat change = mc
= 2000
(50)(4.2)
= 9.5
o
C 1

(h) 1. 1 mole of silver nitrate solution produces 1 mole of Ag
+
ion
1 mole of sodium chloride solution produces 1 mole of Cl
-
ion 1

2. The heat of reaction of silver chloride is heat that released when
1 mole of Ag
+
ion react with 1 mole Cl
-
ion //
Ag
+
+ Cl
-
AgCl 1

4. Half of the mole of magnesium chloride produces 1 mole
of Cl
-
ion 1

5. Number of mole of Cl
-
ion in 1 mole of sodium chloride same as
number of mole of Cl
-
ion in half mol of magnesium chloride 1

(c ) (i) Heat change = mc
= (100)(4.2)(42.2 30.2)
= 5040 J / 5.04 kJ 1

Number of moles of HCl / H
+
ion = (50)(2)
1000
= 0.1 mol

Number of moles of NaOH / OH
-
ion = (50)(2)
1000
= 0.1 mol 1

The heat of neutralization = 5.04
0.1
H = - 50.4 kJ mol
-1
1

Characteristic

Figure 3(i)

Figure 3(ii)

Type of
chemical
reaction
Exothermic reaction

Endothermic reaction

Energy content
of reactants
and products

The energy content in
the reactants exceed the
energy content in the
products

The energy content in the
reactants less than the
energy content in the
products

Ionic equation

Mg + Fe
2+
Mg
2+
+ Fe Ca
2+
+ CO
3
2-
CaCO
3

1+1
1+1
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(ii) 1. The heat change is two times
1
2. Hydrochloride acid is monoprotic acid , sulphuric acid is diprotic acid
1
3.1 mole HCl produces 1 mole H
+
ion // HCl H
+
+ Cl
-

1
4. 1 mole H
2
SO
4
produces 2 mole H
+
ion // H
2
SO
4
2H
+
+ SO
4
2-

1

15. (a)(i) The heat given off when one mole of an alcohol is burnt
completely in an excess of oxygen.
1

(ii) 1. As the number of carbon atom increase, the value of heat combustion increase.
1
2. The greater the number of carbon atoms, the more products will be obtained.
1
3. More heat is released for the formation of bonds
1..3

(b) Procedure :
1. Measure [100 -250] cm
3
of water and pour it into the
copper container /aluminium can
1
2. Measure and record the initial temperature of the water.
1
3. Fill the small lamp with alcohol* then weigh it and record the initial mass.
1
4. Light the wick of the lamp.
1
5. Place the lamp as near as possible to the copper container.//
[ Diagram : Using wooden block ]
1
6. [The apparatus is protected by a wind shield] // [Diagram]
1
7. Stir the water continuously.
8. Put out / blown out the flame when the temperature rises
[ 10 30 ]
o
C and record the highest temperature of the water.
1
9. Weigh the lamp as quickly as possible and record the final mass.
1

Result :
Initial temperature of the water/
o
C = T
1
Highest temperature of the water/
o
C = T
2

Temperature rise of the water/
o
C = T
2
T
1

Initial mass of lamp + alcohol* / g = m
1
Final mass of lamp + alcohol* / g = m
2

Mass of alcohol that was burnt / g = m
1
m
2

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1

Calculation :

Energy chage/heat given off = 200 4.2 (T
2
T
1
) 1

Number of mole of alcohol =
1

Heat of combustion of alcohol*, H =

=

1

(c ) Number of mole of lead(II) nitrate =
50 x 2
1000
= 0.1 mol
or
Number of mole of sodium sulphate =
50 x 2
1000
= 0.1 mol 1

Ratio of mole :

1 mol Pb(NO
3
)
2
/ Na
2
SO
4
1 mol PbSO
4

0.1 mol Pb(NO
3
)
2
/ Na
2
SO
4
0.1 mol PbSO
4
1

Energy change/heat given off = 200 4.2 10
= 4200 J 1

Heat of precipitation of PbSO4 =
1 . 0
4200

m
1
m
2

M
r
of alcohol*
Energy
change
Number of mole of
alcohol
200 4.2 (T
2
T
1
)
m
1
m
2

M
r
of alcohol*
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= 42000 J mol-1 / 4.2 kJ mol-1 14

---------
20
======

Paper 3

Questio
n
Rubric
16(a) Pink to colourless
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(b)
Titration Number 1 2 3
Final reading 24.90 49.50 25.70
Initial reading 0.10 24.90 1.00
Volume of hydrochloric acid used 24.80 24.60 24.70
(c)
[Steps for calculation]
24.70 cm
3
(d)
[Steps for calculation]
0.0988 mol/dm
3

(e) (i) Volume is bigger than 24.70 cm
3

(e) (ii) 12.35 cm
3

17 (a) (i)

Manipulated variable:
Concentration of hydrochloric
acid

Way to manipulate:
Dilute the acid to different concentrations: 0.1
mol dm
-3
, 0.01 mol dm
-3
, 0.001 mol dm
-3
,
0.0001 mol dm
-3
, dan 0.00001 mol dm
-3
Responding variable
pH value
What to observe:
The lower the concentration of hydrochloric
acid, the bigger the pH value.
Fixed variable:
Type of acid

Way to fix the variable
Use the same type of acid in each experiment
17 (a)
(ii)
The higher the concentration of acid, the lower the pH value.
17 (b) The concentration of the hydrogen ions, H
+
in the acid decreases
17 (c) Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid, that will ionise completely in water to give high
concentration of H
+
ions.
Ethanoic acid is a weak acid, ionise partially in water to low concentration of H
+
ions.

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Question Rubric

18(a)

Suggested answer
Manipulated variable:
Temperature of sodium thiosulphate
solution.
Heat the solution to different temperatures
Responding variable:
Rate of reaction //Time for a certain
quantity of precipitate formed
Take the time taken: Time decreases with
increased temperature
Fixed variable:
Volume and concentration of
hydrochloric acid //Volume and
concentration of sodium
thiosulphate
Use the same volume and concentration
of hydrochloric acid // sodium thiosulphate
solution for each experiment.

(b) [Able to relate the manipulated variable and the responding variable]
Answer:
The higher the temperature of the sodium thiosulpate solution, the higher the rate of
reaction // The higher the temperature of the sodium thiosulpate solution, the shorter
the time taken for a certain quantity of sulphur precipitate formed
(c) Values of 1/time: 0.018, 0.021, 0.024, 0.027, 0.030
(d) Able to draw graph with the following characteristics:
-
x-axis is labelled with 1/time and with unit s
-1
y-axis is labelled with temperature and with unit
o
C
-
Consistent scale and size of graph at least 1/3 the size of graph paper.
-
Correct tranfer of plots
-
Graph passed through / near the origin and smooth
(e) Able to determine the time from the graph.
1/t = 0.005
t = 200 s
19(a) Initial temperature: 25
o
C
Final temperature: 65
o
C
Change in temperature: 20
o
C
Initial mass of spirit lamp + ethanol: 218.5 g
Final mass of spirit lamp + ethanol : 217.5 g
Maas of ethanol used: 1.0 g
(b)
Initial temperature /
o
C 25
Final temperature /
o
C 65
Change in temperature/
o
C 20
(c)(i) Energy change = 200 x 4.2 x 20
= 16800 J
(ii) No. of moles of ethanol burnt = 1/46
= 0.02
(iii) Heat of combustion of ethanol = - 16800
0.02
= - 840000 J mol
-1
/-840 kJmol
-1

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(e) 0.736 g

Question Rubric

20

(i)Problem Statement
Is the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid is affected by the
size of the calcium carbonate chips?
[ accept any suitable reactants]

(ii) Variables
d) manipulated: size of calcium carbonate/marble chips.
e) responding : The rate of reaction
f) fixed: Mass of marble chips ;volume and concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid ;
temperature of reaction mixture.
(iii) Hypothesis

The rate of reaction increases when smaller calcium carbonate chips are used.

(iv)Materials
0.2 moldm
-3
hydrochloric acid , small and large marble chips
Apparatus
100cm
3
conical flask , basin,burette,delivery tube with rubber stopper , retort stand with clamp ,
stop-watch, measuring cylinder,weighing balance.
(v)Procedures
1. The basin and burette are filled with water. The burette is inverted in the basin and the
meniscus is marked at 50.00cm
3
.
2. 6g of large marble chips is weighed and put into the conical flask.
3. 50cm
3
of 0.2moldm
-3
hydrochloric acid is measured with a measuring cylinder and then
poured into conical flask.
4. Immediately the conical flask is covered with a rubber stopper and shaken.The
stopwatch is started.
5. The volume of gas collected in the burette is recorded every 30 seconds until no more
gas is liberated.
6. The experiment is repeated with 6g of small marble chips.
7. For both experiment, graphs of volume of carbon dioxide gas released against time are
drawn on the same axis.

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(v)Tabulation of data

Using large marble chips
Time/s
Burette
reading(cm
3
)

Volume of
gas(cm
3
)

Using small marble chips
Time/s
Burette
reading(cm
3
)

Volume of
gas(cm
3
)

SET 4

1. (a)(i) J: alkene 1
K: alcohol 1

(a)(ii) Hydroxyl 1
C
n
H
2n+1
OH 1

(b)(i) Ethanol 1

(b)(ii) Hydration/addition of steam 1

(c )(i) Orange to green 1

(c )(ii) C
3
H
7
COOH 1

(d)(i) C
2
H
5
OH + 3O
2
2CO
2
+ 3H
2
O 1

(d)(ii) No of mole C
2
H
5
OH =
46
6 . 4

= 0.1 1
1 mole of C
2
H
5
OH 2 mole CO
2

0.1 mole of C
2
H
5
OH

0.2 mole CO
2
1

Volume of CO
2
= 0.2(24)
= 4.8 dm
3
/ 4800 cm
3
1
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2. (a) Hydrogenation/ addition reaction with hydrogen 1
(b) C
3
H
6
+ H
2
C
3
H
8
1
(c ) -Concentrated Phosphoric acid 1
- 180
C
- 60 atm 1

(d) H H H H OH H

HC C C OH H C C C H

H H H H H H
Propan-1-ol Propan-2-ol

1. Structure formula 1
2. IUPAC name 1

(e) - % of C in propane = 12x3 x 100% = 81.8% 1
44
- % of C in propene = 12x3 x 100% = 85.7% 1
42
- percentage of carbon in propene is higher than propane 1

(f)(i) C
3
H
7
OH + 2[O] C
2
H
5
COOH + H
2
O 1

(f)(ii) Ethyl propanoate 1

(f)(iii)

H H O H H

HC C C O C C H 1

H H H H
------
12
===

3 (a) (i) Fermentation 1
(ii) C
6
H
12
O
6
2C
2
H
5
OH + 2CO
2
1
(b) (i) Carbon dioxide 1
(ii) C
2
H
4
+ 3O
2
2CO
2
+ 2H
2
O 1+1
(iv)
1 mol C
2
H
4
2 mol CO
2
//
0.5 mol C
2
H
4
1 mol CO
2
1

Volume of gas X / CO
2
= 1 x 24 dm
3
// 24 dm
3
1
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(c) Purple to colourless 1
( d) (i) ethyl ethanoate 1
(ii) O
//
CH
3
-C O C
2
H
5
1

(iii) sweet smell 1

(e)

1. Functional diagram 1
2. Label 1
13
==

4. (a) Hydration

(b)

1

n
n
C

C

H

H

H

H

Glass wool
damped
with
ethanol
Porcelain
Heat
gas
water
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(c ) (i) Oxidation
1
(ii) Orange of to green
1
(d) Propane
1
(e) (i) Esterification
1
(ii)

1
(iii) Ethyl propanoate
1

(f) Polypropane
1
(g) 1. The size of propane molecule is larger than ethane molecule
1
2. The intermolecular forces between propane molecules stronger
than ethane
1
3. More energy is needed to overcome the forces between propane.
1

13

==

5. (a)(i) Sulphur and oxygen gas 1
(a)(ii) S + O
2
SO
2
1

(b)(i) SO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
H
2
S
2
O
7
1

(b)(ii) Dissolve oleum water 1
(c ) Vanadium(V) oxide 1

(d)(i) 3H
2
+ N
2
2NH
3
1
(d)(ii) [450
o
C], [200 atm], Iron 1

(e)(i) Neutralization 1

(e)(ii) H
2
SO
4
+2 NH
4
OH (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
+2H
2
O 1
H
2
SO
4
+2 NH
3
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
1
(e)(iii) Fertilizer 1
----
10
===

C

C

H

H

H

H

C

O

H

O

C

C

H

H

H

H

H

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6
(a) Tin
1
(b) Atom
1
(c) (i)

- 2

(ii)

- 2

(d) 1. Atoms of pure copper metal are the same size,
they arranged orderly in layered pattern. 1
2. Layers of atoms are easily slide over each other when
external force is applied on them. 1
3. Foreign atoms in alloy disrupt the orderly arrangement
of metal atoms 1
4. Layers of metal atoms are prevented from sliding each other when
external force is applied. 1

(e) (i) Tin 1
(ii) Improve appearance / prevent corrosion. 1
Copper atom
Copper atom
Tin atom
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7. (a) (i) Composite material 1
(a) (ii) Add steel 1

(b) H H

C=C

H Cl 1

(f) (i) X : vanadium (v) oxide 1

Y : Oleum 1

(ii) S + O
2
SO
2
1
-----
6
===

8 (a) hydrophobic , hydrophilic
1
(b)

Soap Detergent
Name of part Q

Carboxylate Sulphonate
Sources

Oil petroleum
Effectiveness in hard water

Not effective Effective

1+1+1
(c) Cannot decomposed by microorganism 1

9. (a) Saponification 1
(b) Soap/ sodium palmitate 1
(c ) To reduce the solubilty of soap. 1
(d)(i) J : Soap 1
K : Detergent 1
(d)(ii) Precipitate formed when soap anion react with Ca
2+
or Mg
2+
1

(d)(ii) Cleaning agent J is biodegredable 1
----
7
===

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10 (a) (i) Hydrophobic dissolve in organic solvent
1
Hydrophilic dissolve in water
1

(ii) Soap forms scum
1
detergent does not form scum
1

(b) (i) Prevent food from being oxidized by oxygen in the oxygen in the air.
1
(ii) sodium benzoate
1

(c) (i) Antidepressant
1
(ii) Tranquilizer / Barbiturate
1

8

11 (a) i) Aspirin, Paracetamol , Penicilin
1
ii) Garlic, kuinin, Pudina
1

(b) i) Penicilin
1
ii) To kill the bacteria
1
iii) To avoid bacteria from building resistance towards the antibiotic.
1
.
(c) Malaria
1
(d) Garlic
1
7

12 (a) i) Stimulant
1
ii) Antidepressant
1
iii) Steroid
1
(b) To stimulate positive emotion from the patience like self-confidence, more active
and energetic.
1

(c) Usage of psychotherapeutic drugs can cause many side effects like addiction,
fear, aggressiveness or death in a person.
1
(d) Arthritis
1
Any two
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Asthma
1

7

SECTION B

13 (a) (i) 1. Soap anion consists of hydrophilic and hydrophobic.
1 2. Hydrophilic dissolves in water.
1
3. Hydrophobic dissolves in oils/grease.
1
4. Soap reduces surface tension of water.
1
5. Hydrophobic emulsify oil or grease.
1
6. During rinsing, soap will remove the grease
1.6

(ii) 1. Hard water contains calcium ions/Ca
2+
and magnesium ions/ Mg
2+
1
2. Soap anions react with calcium ions/Ca
2+
or magnesium ions/ Mg
2+
to
form scum 3. Scum is insoluble in water
1
4. Waste soap
1
5. Detergent does not form scum
1....5

(b) (i) Medicine used to relieve pain without causing numbness or

affecting consciousness
11

(ii) Paracetamol
1
Codeine
12

(iii) 1. Relieves pain caused by headache, toothache

2. Reduces fever
3. Treat arthritis /reduce inflammation of the joints
4. Reduces blood clotting / prevents stroke / prevents heart attacks
5. Reduces inflammation caused by infection or injury
(any four) 1+1+1+1

1. Causes internal bleeding of the stomach / Ulceration
2. Causes brain / liver damage if given to children
3. Overdose causes death
(any two)
1+1....2.6
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20
14
(a) Element C H O
1. Number of moles 52.2 13.0 34.8 1
of atoms 12 1 16
=4.35 =13.0 =2.175
2. Ratio 2 6 1 1

3. Empirical formula of Q is C
2
H
6
O 1
Relative molecular mass of (C
2
H
6
O)
n
= 46
4. 2n(12) + 6n(1) + n(16) = 46 1
46n = 46
5. n = 1 1
6. Molecular formula of Q is C
2
H
6
O / C
2
H
5
OH 1....6
7. Structural formula is
H H

H - C - C -OH
| |
H H 1....1

(b) 1. Add glucose into a conical flask. 1
2. Add water. 1
3. Add yeast. 1
4. Close the conical flask 1
5. Leave the flask for 1 to 3 days. 1
6. Filter the content 1
7. Distille the filtrate 1
8. Collect the fraction that boils at 78 -80
0
C 1....8

(c) 1. Add alcohol Q in a test tube. 1
2. Add acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution 1
3. Heat the solution. 1
4. The purple colour of the solution turns colourless 1
5. [Chemical equation] 1....5
20

15 a. Salt / sugar absorb water from the food / microorganism 1
without water microorganism dead 1.. 2

b. i. Soap molecule/ ions consist of head/ part which have ionic characteristic
and tail/ hydrocarbon part / covalent/ ion/ soap molecule consist of
hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts 1

Head/ ion/ hydrophilic parts dissolve in water 1

Tail/ hydrophobic / hydrocarbon parts dissolve in grease 1

The tail of the soap enter/ the soap break/ emulsified. Dissolve grease/oil 1

During swirling/ rinse/ scrub, soap ion/ molecule remove dirt/ grease/dirt 1

ii. [Encourage the growth of algae] 1 ..5
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Answer scheme:
Dispose water from the detergent encourage the development of algae
and causing the water drainage to be block.

[Prevent sunlight] 1
Answer scheme:
Lots of algae form will prevent the sunlight from reaching the aquatic organism.

[Quantity of oxygen in the water decreases] 1
Answer scheme:
Decomposition of algae causes the quantity of oxygen in the water decreases.

[Unbiodegradable detergent] 1
Answer scheme:
Dispose water from the detergent is more stable/ slow
biodegradable

[Change of pH due to detergent/ poison the water] 1 ..5
Answer scheme: max 3
Detergent which contain alkaline can change the alkalinity of water.
This can kill the aquatic organisms

Ways to avoid

[Do not use excessive detergent] 1
[Use biodegradable detergent] 1
[Add substance, which can speed up the biodegradability of detergent] 1
[Waste (dispose water) is channel to the drainage] 1 ..4
max 3
..6
c. i. Medicine which reduce the pain 1

ii. Paracetamol 1
Codeine 1........
2

iii. Help to reduce fever 1
Cure arthritis/ reduce swollen joint 1
Reduce blood clog/ prevent heart attack 1
Excessive usage will cause bleeding in the stomach 1
4

20

SECTION C

16 ( a)(i) 1. Manufacture fertilizers,
2. Manufacture detergents,
3. As an electrolyte in car batteries
4. Manufacture paint pigments,
5. Synthetic fibres ,
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6. Plastics,
7. Clean metals,
8. Pesticides
[any 3 above] 1+1+1....3

(ii) 1. Sulphur is burnt in the air // Zinc sulphide is burnt to produce sulphur dioxide
// Equation S + O
2
SO
2
//
2ZnS + 3O
2
2ZnO + 2SO
2
1
2. Sulphur dioxide react with oxygen to produce sulphur trioxide // Equation
2SO
2
+ O
2
2SO
3
1
3. Catalyst: vanadium(V) oxide 1
4. Temperature: (400 500
o
C) 1
5. Pressure: 1 atm 1
6. Sulphur trioxide reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid to produce oleum
// Equation: SO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
H
2
S
2
O
7
1
7. Oleum is diluted with water to produce sulphuric acid // Equation
H
2
S
2
O
7
+ H
2
O 2H
2
SO
4
1..7

b) 1. Material: iron nail, steel nail, stainless steel nail, jelly solution,
potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution 1

2. Apparatus: Test tubes, test tube rack 1
3. Put iron nail in test tube A, steel nail in test tube B and stainless steel in
test tube C 1
4. Add jelly solution and a few drops of potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)
Solution 1

5. Pour the jelly solution until the nails are fully immersed 1

6. Leave the test tubes for 2-3 days 1
7. Observation 1

Test tube Intensity of blue colour
A (Iron nail) High
B (Steel nail) Low
C (Stainless steel nail) Nil

8. Potassium hexacynoferrate(III) solution to detect iron(III) ions 1
9. The higher the intensity of the blue colour, the higher the rate of rusting 1
10. Rate of rusting of iron is the highest follow by steel and stainless steel
does not rust 1..10
20

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Paper 3
Question Rubric
17 (a) [Able to record all the six readings correctly.]
Vulcanised rubber: 2, 4, 6
Unvulcanised rubber: 4, 8, 12
17(b) [Able to relate between the manipulated variable and the responding variable.]
Vulcanised rubber is more elastic than the unvulcanised rubber// Unvulcanised rubber is less
elastic than the vulcanised rubber

17(c)

Variable Action to be taken
(i) Manupilated variable
Vulcanized and unvulcanized
rubber// Mass of weight
(i) The way to manupilate variable
Repeat by replacing vulcanized rubber with
unvulcanized rubber//Use weights with different
masses
(ii) Responding variable
Increase in length of rubber
strip//elasticity
(ii) What to observe in the responding variable
To measure length of rubber strip
(iii) Fixed variable
Initial length of rubber strip
(iii) The way to maintain the controlled variable
Use the same length of vulcanized and unvulcanized
rubber strips
17(d) [Able to make the correct inference]
(i) Vulcanized rubber
(ii) Presence of the sulphur cross links between the chain of rubber polymers in vulcanized
rubber makes the small increase in length and can return to its original length after
stretching.
17(e) [Able to make an operational definition correctly:]
Rubber that can stretch a bit and returns to its original length when not stretched.
18 (i) [Able to give the correct problem statement.]
How does alloying affects the hardness of metal?//What is the effect of alloying towards the
hardness of metal?
18 (ii) [Able to state the hypothesis correctly]
The harder the material the smaller the diameter of dent
18 (iii) [Able to state all the variables correctly]
Manipulated variable: metal and its alloy//copper and brass/bronze// iron and steel
Responding variable: size/diameter of dent
Fixed variable : Mass of weight//height of weight//type of metal of ball bearing//
size of ball bearing
18 (iv) [Able to list completely the substances and apparatus]
Metal (named), its alloy(named),Steel ball bearing, weight, ruler, rope/thread, retort stand
18 (v) [Able to state the procedures correctly]
1. Put a ball bearing on a metal block/its alloy.
2. Hang a weight until (50-100 cm) above the metal block/its alloy
3. Let the weight fall.
4. Measure and record the diameter of the dent formed.
5. Repeat the activity a few more times
6. Repeat steps 1 5 by replacing the metal with its alloy// alloy wits metal
18 (vi)

[Able to show the correct tabulation of data]

1. 4 colums and 3 rows
2. Titled metal (named), its alloy (named), diameter (with unit), Average (with unit)
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Example
Diameter
(cm)
Average
(cm)
1 2
Metal (named)
Alloy(named)

THE MOLE

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MODULE THE MOLE

By
ZULKIFLI MAHMOOD
Guru Cemerlang Kimia

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ACTIVITY 1

Complete the table below.
Lengkapkan jadual dibawah

One mole
atom

Relative atomic mass = 1 mole of atoms = (6.02 x 10
23
atoms) = ( A
r

in grams

Example :
Each 7g lithium, 12g carbon, 56g iron, 64g copper, 197g gold contains
6.02 x 10
23
atoms (1 mole atom)

[Relative atomic mass: Li,7 ; C,12 ; Fe,56 ; Cu,64 ; Au,197 ]

One mole
molecule

Relative molecular mass = 1 mole of molecules = (6.02 x 10
23
molecules)
= ( M
r
in grams )

Example :
Each 2g hydrogen gas, 16g methane gas, 17g ammonia gas, 44g carbon
dioxide gas contains 6.02 x 10
23
molecules.
[Relative atomic mass : H,1 ; C,12 ; N,14 ;O,16 ]

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[ Relative atomic mass, A
r
: C,12 ; Al,27 ; He,4 ; H,1 ; O,16 ; N,14 ]
A
r
: Atomic mass
J isim atom
M
r
: Molecular mass
J isim molekul

Substance
[Bahan]

Symbol
or
[Formula]

A
r
or M
r

Mass of
1 mole
[J isim 1
mol]

Mass of
6.02 x10
23

Particles
[J isim 6.02 x10
23

Zarah]

Molar
mass
[J isim
molar]
Carbon

C

12
[1C]

12g

12g

12gmol
-1

Aluminium

27g

Helium

He

4g

Hydrogen

H
2

2 x 1
[2H]

2 gmol
-1

Carbon
Dioxide

44

Ammonia

17g

Hydrogen
chloride

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x Molar mass

Molar mass

Or write in formula,

Mass of substance in gram
J isim bahan dalam gram
Number of moles of a substance =
Bilangan mol bahan Molar mass of substance
J isim molar bagi bahan

Example 1:

Calculate the number of moles of an atom which is found in 28g of iron.
Hitung bilangan mol bagi atom yang terdapat didalam 28g besi.
[ Relative atomic mass : Fe, 56 ]

Solution :

mass
Step1 Number of moles =
relative atomic mass

Step 2 28
=
56

= 0.5 mol

Example 2 :

Calculate the mass of 0.5 mol carbon dioxide, CO
2
?
Hitung jisim 0.5 mol karbon dioksida, CO
2
?

[ Relative atomic mass : C, 12; O,16 ]
Mass (g)
Number of moles
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Solution :
mass
Step 1 Number of moles =
Relative molecular mass

Step 2 0.5 = mass

12 + ( 2 x 16 )

0.5 = mass

44

Thus, Mass of carbon dioxide = 0.5 x 44

= 22g

Problem involving relationships between number of moles, number of particles and
mass of substance can be solved using a combination of both equations.
Perkaitan masaalah perhubungan diantara bilangan mol, bilangan zarah dan jisim bahan
boleh diselesaikan dengan mengabungkan kedua-dua persamaan.

To solve questions on the relationship between number of moles, number
of particles and mass of substance, the following step can be used.
Untuk menyelesaikan perhubungan diantara bilangan mol, bilangan zarah dan jisim
bahan, langkah-langkah berikut boleh digunakan.

Step 1
Number of particles
[Bilangan zarah]
Number of moles =
[Bilangan mol] N
A
Mass
Number of moles =
Ar or Mr
Number of particles Mass
=
N
A
Ar or Mr
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Langkah 1

Write the formula :
Tulis formula:

Number of particles mass
=
N
A
A
r
or M
r

Step 2
Langkah 2

Substitute the values given into the formula.
Gantikan nilai yang diberikan kedalam formula

Example 3 :

Calculate the number of atoms found in 28g of iron.
Hitung bilangan atom yang didapati didalam 28g besi.
[ Relative atomic mass : Fe,56 ; N
A
= 6.02 x 10
23
mol
-1
]

Solution :

Number of atoms mass
=
N
A
relative atomic mass

Number of atoms 28
=
6.02 x 10
23
56

28
Thus, the number of atoms = x 6.02 x 10
23
atoms
56

= 3.01 x 10
23
atoms

Example 4 :

Calculate the mass in gram for 1.5 x 10
24
chlorine molecules.
Hitung jisim dalam gram bagi 1.5 x 10
24
molekul klorin

( Relative atomic mass : Cl,35.5 ; N
A
= 6.02 x 10
23
)
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Solution :

Number of atoms mass
=
N
A
relative molecular mass

1.5 x 10
24
= mass

6.02 x 10
23
2 x 35.5

Thus, the mass of chlorine = 1.5 x 10
24
x 71

6.02 x 10
23

= 177.5 g

ACTIVITY 2:

Complete the table below
Lengkapkan jadual dibawah

[ Relatif atomic mass : Ne,20 ; Zn,65 ; H,1 ; Cl,35.5 ; Na,23 ; O,16 ; Al,27 ; S,32 ; C,12 ;
Ba,137 ;
Avagdro Number, N
A
= 6.02 x 10
23
mol
-1
]

No Element
Mass
(g)
Number of
moles
( mol )
Number of
particles
1
Neon,Ne

4
2 Zinc, Zn
25 x 10
24
atoms

3

Hydrochloric acid, HCl

1.5

4

Sodium oxide, Na
2
O

28
5

Aluminium
chloride,AlCl
3

8.5 x 10
22
ions
ACTIVITY 3 : CALCULATING RELATIVE MOLECULAR MASS
MENGHITUNG J ISIM MOLEKUL RELATIF

No
Name of Compound
Nama sebatian
Formula of
Compound
Formula
Relative Molecule Mass/
Relative Formula Mass
J isim molekul relatif/
Ans
J wp
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sebatian J isim formula relatif
1 Copper(II) chloride CuCl
2
64 + 2(35.5) = 135 135
2 Potassium chloride 74.5
3 Sodium sulphate 142
4 Magnesium sulphate 120
5 Zink carbonate 125
6 Potassium nitrate 101
7 Iron(II) oxide 72
8 Calcium nitrate 164
9 Barium sulphate 233
10 Tin(II) chloride 190
11 Lead(II) oxide 223
12 Aluminum chloride
133.
5
13 Ammonium nitrate 80
14 Sodium nitrate 85
15 Silver oxide 232
16 Iron(III) chloride
162.
5
17 Sodium bromide 103
18 Sodium oxide 62
19 Lead(II) sulphate 303
20 Lithium oxide 30
21 Magnesium nitrate 148
22 Potassium iodide 166
23 Potassium sulphate 174
24 Magnesium oxide 40

No Name of Compound
Formula of
Compound
Relative Molecule Mass/
Relative Formula Mass
Ans
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25 Iron(II) carbonate 116
26 Carbon dioxide 44
27 Copper(II) carbonate 124
28 Sodium iodide 150
29 Ammonium nitrate 80
30 Copper(II) hydroxide 98
31 Calcium carbonate 100
32 Ammonium sulphate 132
33 Sodium carbonate 106
34 Silver sulphate 312
35 Aluminum oxide 102
36 Aluminum sulphate 342
37 Iron(III) oxide 160
38 Iron(III) sulphate 400
39 Potassium carbonate 138
40 Acetic acid 60
41 Sulfuric acid 98
42 Hydrochloric acid 36.5
43 Nitric acid 63
44 Magnesium hydroxide 58
45 Copper(II) nitrate 188
46 Magnesium etanoat (CH
3
COO)
2
Mg 142
47
Magnesium sulphate
hydrate
MgSO
4
.7H
2
O 246
48 Copper(II) sulphate hydrate CuSO
4
.5H
2
O 250
49 Butanoic acid C
3
H
7
COOH 88
50 Potassium manganese(VII) KMnO
4
158
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ACTIVITY 4:
1. Calculate the number of moles in each question :
Hitung bilangan mol bagi setiap soalan:
(a) 10 g Sodium hydroxide
Answer:
i. Formula for sodium hydroxide = NaOH

ii. Relative molecular mass for sodium hydroxide = 1(23)+1(16)+1(1)
= 40
iii. Molar mass for sodium hydroxide = 40g

iv. Number of mole = = 0.25 mol

(b) 2 g Copper(II) sulphate

(c) 10.44 g Potassium sulphate

(d) 4.75 g Magnesium chloride

(e) 2.97 g zinc hydroxide

(f) 1.484 g sodium carbonate
10 g
40 g
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@ C h e m i s t r y S c o r e A M o d u l e 2 0 1 0


(g) 2.769 g aluminum nitrate

(h) 32 g iron(III) sulphate

(i) 5.22 g magnesium hydroxide

(j) 1.655 g lead(II) nitrate

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2. Calculate the mass of :
Hitung jisim bagi:

(a) 0.5 mol sodium oxide
Answer:
i. Formula for sodium oxide = Na
2
O

ii. Relative molecular mass for sodium oxide = 2(23) + 1(16) = 62
iii. Molar mass for sodium oxide = 62g
v. Number of mole = 0.5 mol
vi. Mass for 0.5 mol sodium oxide = 0.5 x 62= 31.0g

(b) 1.2 mol tin(II) chloride

(c) 0.25 mol copper(II) carbonate

(d) 0.3 mol calcium chloride

(e) 0.125 mol iron(II) sulphate

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(f) 0.34 mol potassium sulphate

(g) 0.2 mol barium sulphate

(h) 0.3 mol silver nitrate

(i) 0.12 mol magnesium nitrate

(j) 0.05 mol calcium sulphate

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Answer:
1. (a) 0.25 mol (b) 0.0125 mol (c) 0.06 mol (d) 0.05 mol (e) 0.03 mol (f) 0.014 mol (g) 0.013 mol (h) 0.08 mol (i)
0.09 mol
(j)0.005 mol
2. (a) 31.0g (b) 228.0g (c) 31.0 g (d) 33.30 g (e) 19.0 g (f) 59.16 g (g) 46.60 g (h) 51.0g (i) 17.76 g (j)6.80 g

ACTICITY 5 :

1. Calculate the number of atoms in :
Hitung bilangan atom didalam:

(a) 4 g oxygen atom [answer;1.5 x 10
23
]

Answer:

i. Formula for oxygen = O

ii. Total of an atoms in oxygen = 1
iii. Relative atomic mass for oxygen = 16
iv. Molar mass for oxygen = 16g

v. Number of mole = = 0.25

vi. Number of atoms = 0.25 x 1 x 6.02 x 10
23
= 1.505 x 10
23

(b) 1.9 g zinc [answer;1.8 x 10
22
]

(c) 3 g magnesium [answer:7.5 x 10
22
]

(d) 2 g hydrogen atom [answer:1.2 x 10
24
]

(e) 10.08 g iron [answer:1.08 x 10
23
]

4 g
16 g
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(f) 0.2 mol sulfur [answer:1.2 x 10
23
]

(g) 0.128 mol nitrogen atom [answer:7.68 x 10
22
]

2. Calculate the number of atom in :
Hitung bilangan atom didalam:

(a) 4 g oxygen gas [answer:1.505 x 10
23
]

Answer:

i. Formula for oxygen gas = O
2
ii. Total of an atoms in oxygen gas = 2
iii. Relative atomic mass for oxygen = 2(16)
= 32
iv. Molar mass for oxygen = 32g


vi. Number of atom = 0.125 x 2 x 6.02 x 10
23
= 1.505 x 10
23

(b) 5.6 g magnesium oxide [answer:1.68 x 10
23
]

(c ) 4.9 g sulphuric acid [answer:2.1 x 10
23
]

4 g
32 g
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(d) 1.8 g magnesium sulphate [answer:5.4 x 10
22
]

(e) 1.96 g copper(II) hydroxide [answer:6 x 10
22
]

(f) 2.6625 g aluminum nitrate [answer:9.75 x 10
22
]

3. Calculate the number of ion in :
Hitung bilangan ion didalam:

(a) 4.9 g dilute sulphuric acid [answer:9 .03 x 10
22
]

Answer:

i. Formula for sulphuric acid = H
2
SO
4

ii. Total of an ions in sulphuric acid = 3 = 2H
+
+ 1SO
4
2-

iii. Relative atomic mass for sulphuric acid = 2(1) + 1(32) + 4(16) = 98
iv. Molar mass for sulphuric acid = 98g


vi. Number of ions = 0.05 x 3 x 6.02 x 10
23
= 9.03 x 10
23

(b) 1.8 g aqueous magnesium sulphate [answer:1.8 x 10
22
]

4.9 g
98 g
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(c) 4.7 g aquase copper(II) nitrate [answer:4.5 x 10
22
]

(d) 17 g aqueous zinc chloride [answer:2.25 x 10
23
]

(e) 17 g aqueous silver nitrate [answer:1.2 x 10
23
]

(f) 414 g aqueous potassium carbonate [answer:5.4 x 10
24
]

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4. Calculate the mass of :
Hitung jisim bagi:

(a) 3 x 10
23
oxygen atom [answer:8.0 g]

Answer:

i. Formula for oxygen atom = O
ii. Relative atomic mass for oxygen atom = 16
iii. molar mass for oxygen = 16g

iv. Number of mole = = 0.50 mol

v. mass for 3 x 10
23
oxygen atom = 0.50 x 16 = 8.0g

(b) 7.2 x 10
23
zinc atom [answer:78 g]

(c) 7.5 x 10
22
sulfur atom [answer:4.0 g]

(d) 1.8 x 10
21
lead atom [answer:0.621g]

(e) 2.4 x 10
22
magnesium atom [answer:0.96 g]

3 x 10
23
atom
6.02 x 10
23
atom
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(f) 3 hydrogen atom [answer;5 x 10
-24
g]

(g) 12 helium atom [answer:1.2 x 10
-22
g]

ACTIVITY 6: MOLE IN CHEMICAL EQUATION I
MOL DIDALAM PERSAMAAN KIMIA 1

1. 3.1 g of copper(II) carbonate is heated to produced copper(II) oxide and carbon dioxide
gas.
3.1g kuprum(II) karbonat dipanaskan untuk menghasilkan kuprum(II) oksida dan gas
karbon dioksida.
[ relative atomic mass for Cu,64;C,12;O,16; Molar Volume is 22.4 dm
3
at STP]

CuCO
3
CuO + CO
2

From the reaction, calculate:
Daripada tindakbalas, hitung:

(a) the mass of copper (II) oxide produced.
Jisim kuprum(II) oksida yang terhasil.

(b) the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced at STP
isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang terhasil pada STP.

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2. CaCO
3
CaO + CO
2

In this reaction, 300 cm
3
carbon dioxide gas are produced when calcium carbonate is
heated.
Dalam tindakbalas ini, 300 cm
3
gas karbon dioksida dihasilkan apabila kalsium karbonat
dipanaskan.
[ relative atomic mass for Cu,64;C,12;O,16; Molar Volume is 22.4 dm
3
at STP]

Calculate:
Hitung:

(a) the mass of calcium carbonate used.
Jisim kalsium karbonat yang digunakan.

(b) mass of calcium oxide produced.
Jisim kalsium oksida yang dihasilkan.

3. 2Na + 2H
2
O 2NaOH + H
2

When 0.23 g of sodium is added to water, the metal will react vigorously at the surface of the
water.
Apabila 0.23g natrium dimasukkan kedalam air, logam tersebut bertindakbalas dengan cergas
dipermukaan air.
[Relative atomic mass for Na,23;H,1;O,16;Molar volume is 24 dm
3
at room temperature]

Calculate:
Hitung:

(a) The mass sodium hydroxide produced.
Jisim natrium hidroksida yang dihasilkan.

(b) Volume of hydrogen gasses yang being produced at temperature room.
Isipadu gas hidrogen yang dihasilkan pada suhu bilik.

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4. 2Mg + O
2
2MgO

A strip of magnesium has a weight of 1.2 g are being burn with surplus oxygen to produced
magnesium oxide.
Kepingan magnesium seberat 1.2g dibakar dengan campuran oksigen untuk menghasilkan
magnesium oksida.
[Relative atomic mass Mg,24;O,16]

Calculate:
Hitung:

(a) The mass magnesium oxide being produced.
Jisim magnesium oksida yang dihasilkan

(b) The mass of oxygen that needed for this reaction.
Jisim oksigen yang diperlukan bagi tindakbalas ini.

5. C
3
H
8
+ 5O
2
3CO
2
+ 4H
2
O

Chemical equation above shows when propane gas was burned in oxygen. If 3.36 dm
3
of
carbon dioxide gas are produced in this reaction at STP,
Persamaan diatas menunjukkan apabila gas propane dibakar didalam oksigen. Sekiranya
3.36 dm
3
gas karbon dioksida dihasilkan dalam tindakbalas ini pada STP,
[ relative atomic mass for C,12;O,16;H,1; Molar Volume is 22.4 dm
3
at STP]

Calculate:
Hitung:

(a) The mass of propane burned
Jisim propana yang terbakar.

(b) Volume of oxygen gas that reacted
Isipadu oksigen yang bertindakbalas.

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6. 2Al + 3CuO Al
2
O
3
+ 3Cu

1.35g of aluminium powder and copper (II) oxide was heated strongly in laboratory to
produced aluminium oxide and copper.
1.35g serbuk aluminium dan kuprum(II) oksida dipanaskan dengan kuat didalam makmal
untuk menghasilkan aluminium oksida dan kuprum.
[ relative atomic mass for Al,27;O,16;Cu,64]

Calculate:
Hitung:

(a) The mass of copper (II) oxide reacted
Jisim kuprum(II) oksida yang bertindakbalas.

(b) The mass of aluminium oxide produced.
Jisim aluminium oksida yang dihasilkan.

(c) The mass of copper produced.
Jisim kuprum yang dihasilkan.

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Answer

1. (a) 2 g (b) 0.56 dm
3
2.(a) 1.25 g (b) 0.7 g 3. (a) 0.4g (b) 0.12 dm
3

4. (a) 2 g (b) 0.8 g 5.(a) 2.2 g (b) 5.6 dm
3
6.(a) 6 g (b) 2.55 g (c) 4.8 g

ACTIVITY 6 :MOLE IN CHEMICAL EQUATION II

1. 4K + O
2
2K
2
O

11.7 g of potassium was burnt in oxygen to produce potassium oxide.
11.7g kalium dipanaskan didalam oksigen untuk menghasilkan kalium oksida
[Relative atomic mass: K, 39; O, 16; Molar Volume is 24 dm
3

Calculate:
Hitung:

(a) Mass of potassium oxide being produced
Jisim kalium oksida yang dihasilkan.

(b) Volume of oxygen reacts at room temperature
Jisim oksigen yang bertindakbalas pada suhu bilik.

2. 2Fe + 3Cl
2
2FeCl
3

33.6 g of iron react with chlorine gas to produced iron (III) chloride at room temperature.
33.6g besi bertindakbalas dengan gas klorin menghasilkan Ferum(III) klorida pada suhu bilik.
[Relative atomic mass: Fe, 56; Cl, 35.5; Molar Volume is 24 dm
3

Calculate:
Hitung:

(a) Mass of iron (III) chloride produced
Jisim ferum(III) klorida yang dihasilkan.

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(b) Volume of chlorine gas reacts
Isipadu gas klorin yang bertindakbalas.

3. 2Mg + O
2
2MgO
3.84 g of magnesium was burnt in oxygen gas to produced magnesium oxide in a laboratory.
3.84g magnesium dibakar didalam oksigen untuk menghasilkan magnesium oksida didalam
makmal.
[Relative atomic mass: Mg, 24; O, 16; Molar Volume is 24 dm
3

Calculate:
Hitung:

(a) Mass of magnesium oxide produced.
Jisim magnesium oksida yang dihasilkan.

(b) Volume of oxygen reacts with magnesium at room temperature.
Isipadu oksigen yang bertindakbalas dengan magnesium pada suhu bilik.

4. 2KNO
3
2KNO
2
+ O
2

5.05 g of potassium nitrate was heated strongly to produce potassium nitrite and oxygen gas at
standard temperature.
5.05g kalium nitrat dipanaskan dengan kuat menghasilkan kalium nitrat dan gas oksigen pada
suhu piawai.
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[Relative atomic mass: K, 39; N, 14; O, 16; Molar Volume is 22.4 dm
3
at standard
temperature]

Calculate:
Hitung:

(a) Mass of potassium nitrite produced
Jisim kalium nitrat yang dihasilkan.

(b) Volume of oxygen produced
Isipadu gas oksigen yang dihasilkan.

5. 2Pb(NO
3
)
2
2PbO + 4NO
2
+ O
2

7.282 g of lead nitrate was heated strongly to produce products as above at STP.
7.282g plumbum nitrat dipanaskan dengan kuat untuk menghasilkan bahan tindakbalas seperti
diatas pada STP.
[Relative atomic mass: Pb, 207; N, 14; O, 16; Molar Volume is 22.4 dm
3
at standard
temperature and pressure]

Calculate:
Hitung:

(a) Mass of lead (II) oxide
Jisim plumbum(II) oksida.

(b) Volume of nitrogen dioxide gas released
Isipadu gas nitrogen dioksida yang dibebaskan.

(c) Volume of oxygen produced in the experiment.
Isipadu gas oksigen yang dihasilkan didalam eksperimen.

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6. 2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2

3.24 g of aluminum powder are added to hydrochloric acid in a conical flask. The reaction
released a hydrogen gas and produced a aluminum chloride solution.
3.24g serbuk aluminium ditambahkan kedalam asid hidroklorik didalam kelalang kon.
Tindakbalas tersebut menghasilkan gas hidrogen dan larutan aluminium klorida.
[Relative atomic mass: Al, 27; Cl, 35.5; H, 1; Molar Volume is 24 dm
3

Calculate:
Hitung:

(a) Mass of hydrochloric acid reacts with aluminum
Jisim asid hidroklorik yang bertindakbalas dengan aluminium

(b) Mass of aluminum chloride produced
Jisim aluminium klorida yang dihasilkan.

(c) Volume of hydrogen gas released at room temperature
Isipadu gas hydrogen yang dibebaskan pada suhu bilik.

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7. 3Mg + Fe
2
O
3
3MgO + 2Fe
3 g of magnesium powder was added to iron (III) oxide and heated very strongly. The reaction
produced a white fume of magnesium oxide and a brown metal of iron.
3 g serbuk magnesium ditambah kepada ferum(III) oksida dan dipanaskan dengan kuat.
Tindakbalas tersebut menghasilkan wasap putih magnesium oksida dan logam perang besi.
[Relative atomic mass: Mg, 24; O, 16; Fe, 56]

Calculate:
Hitung:

(a) Mass of iron (III) oxide reacts with magnesium.
Jisim ferum(III) oksida yang bertindakbalas dengan magnesium.

(b) Mass of the white fume released in the reaction
Jisim wasap putih yang dibebaskan didalam tindakbalas.

(c) Mass of iron produced
Jisim besi yang dihasilkan.

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Answer

1. (a) 14.1 g (b) 1.8 dm
3
2.(a) 97.5 g (b) 21.6 dm
3
3.(a) 6.4 g (b) 1.92 dm
3

4. (a) 4.25 g (b) 0.56 dm
3
5. (a) 4.906 g (b) 0.9856 dm
3
(c) 0.2464 dm
3

6. (a) 13.14 g (b) 16.02 g (c) 4.32 dm
3
7.(a) 6.67 g (b) 5 g (c) 4.67 dm
3

ACTIVITY 7 : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1 The equation below represents the reaction to extract aluminium from aluminium oxide.
Persamaan dibawah mewakili tindakbalas pengekstakan aluminium daripada aluminium
oksida.
2Al
2
O
3
4Al + 3O
2

What is the mass of aluminium that can be extracted from 102 g of aluminium oxide?
Apakah jisim bagi aluminium yang boleh di ekstrak daripada 102g aluminium oksida?
[Relative atomic mass: O, 16; Al,27]

A 13.5 g
B 27.0 g
C 54.0 g
D 108.0 g

2 XCO
3
XO + CO
2

The equation above shows the action of heat on the carbonate salt of metal X.
How many moles of XCO
3
are needed to produced 4.0 g of oxide X?
Persamaan diatas menunjukkan tindak balas pemanasan garam karbonat bagi logam X.
Berapa mol XCO
3
yang diperlukan bagi menghasilkan 4.0g oksida X ?
[Relative atomic mass: C, 12; O, 16; X, 64]

A 0.03
B 0.05
C 0.08
D 0.09

3 Sulphuric acid used as an electrolyte in a car battery has a concentration of 0.5 mol dm
-3
.
How many moles of sulphuric acid is there in 100 cm
3?
Asid sulfuric digunakan sebagai elektrolit bateri kereta yang berkepekatan 0.5 mol dm
-3
.
Berapakah mol asid sulfuric didalam 100 cm
3
asid itu?

A 0.025
B 0.05
C 0.1
D 0.5

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4 Diagram 1 shows the set-up of apparatus for the titration of potassium hydroxide solution with
sulphuric acid.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi pentitratan larutan kalium hidroksida dengan asid
sulfuric.

Diagram 1

What is the total volume of the mixture in the conical flask at the end point of the titration in
Diagram 1 ?
Apakah jumlah isipadu campuran didalam kelalang kon pada titik akhir pentitratan pada Rajah
1

A 10 cm
3

B 20 cm
3

C 30 cm
3

D 40 cm
3

5 Diagram 2 shows an energy level diagram.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan rajah aras tenaga

Energy

J
(s)
+T
2+
(aq)

J
2+
(aq)
+ T
(s)

Diagram 2

20 cm
3
of potassium hydroxide
solution 0.1 mol dm
-3
and
phenolphthalein as an indicator
Sulphuric acid
0.1 mol dm-3
H=-220kJmol
-1

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Based on Diagram 2, what is the increase in temperature of the solution if excess J powder is
added to 50 cm
3
of T salt

solution 0.2 mol dm
-3
?
Berdasarkan Rajah 2, apakah pertambahan suhu terhadap larutan sekiranya serbuk J secara
berlebihan ditambah kepada 50 cm
3
larutan garam T 0.2 mol dm
-3
?
[Specific heat capacity of solution: 4.0 J g
-1

0
C
-1
]

A 4.4
0
C
B 5.5
0
C
C 8.8
0
C
D 11.0
0
C

6 Which of the following quantities of substance contain 6 x 10
22
molecules?
Manakah antara kuantiti bahan berikut mengandungi 6 x 10
22
molekul.
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1; C, 12; O, 16; Avogadros Constant: 6 X 10
23
mol
-1
]

I 1.8 g water
II 1.0 g hydrogen gas
III 3.2 g oxygen gas
IV 4.4 g carbon dioxide

A I and II only
B III and IV only
C I, III, and IV only
D I, II, III, and IV

8 The equation below represents the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide solution.
Persamaan dibawah mewakili penguraian larutan hydrogen peroksida.

2H
2
O
2(aq)
2H
2
O
(l)
+ O
2(g)

Which of the following are produced when 1 mole of hydrogen peroxide is decomposed
completely?
Manakah antara berikut menghasilkan 1 mol hydrogen peroksida apabila penguraian lengkap
berlaku?

[1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm
3
at room condition;
Avogadros Constant: 6.0 X 10
23
mol
-1
]

I 2 moles of water
II 12x dm
3
of oxygen gas
III 3 x 10
23
of oxygen molecules
IV 1.2 x 10
24
of water molecules

A I and III only
B I and IV only
C II and III only
D II and IV only

9. What is the number of molecules in 1 mole of ammonia, NH
3
?
Use the information that the Avogadro constant = 6.0 x 10
23
mol
-1
Apakah bilangan molekul didalam 1 mol ammonia, NH
3
?
Gunakan maklumat bahawa pemalar Avogadro = 6.0 x 10 23 mol
-1

A 1.5 X 10
23
molecules
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B 6.0 X 10
23
molecules
C 1.2 X 10
24
molecules
D 2.4 X 10
24
molecules

10. A compound with formula X
2
CO
3
has a relative formula mass of 138.
What is the relative atomic mass of X?
Use the information that the relative atomic mass of C = 12 and O = 16.
Sebatian yang berformula X
2
CO
3
mempunyai jisim formula relative 138.
Apakah jisim atom relative bagi X ?
Gunakan maklumat dimana jisim atom raltif bagi C = 12 dan O = 16

A 39
B 69
C 78
D 110

11. The equation shows the reaction between sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide.
Persamaan menunjukkan tindakbalas antara asid sulfuric dan natrium hidroksida.

H
2
SO
4
+ 2NaOH Na
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O

What is the volume of 1.0 mol dm
-3
sodium hydroxide solution which can neutralize 25.0 cm
3

of 1.0 mol
-3
sulphuric acid?
Apakah isipadu bagi 1.0 mol dm
-3
natrium hidroksida yang boleh meneutralkan 25.0 cm
3

asid sulfuric 1.0 mol dm
-3
.

A. 12.5 cm
3

B. 25.0 cm
3

C. 50.0 cm
3

D. 75.0 cm
3

12. 3.2 g of cooper(II) oxide powder is reacted with excess dilute nitric acid.
What is the mass of cooper(II) nitrate formed in the reaction?
3.2 g serbuk kuprum(II) oksida berttindakbalas dengan asid nitric cair secara berlebihan.
Apakah jisim kuprum(II) nitrat yang terbentuk dalam tindakbalas tersebut?

Use the information that the relative atomic mass of N = 14, O = 16 and Cu = 64.
Gunakan maklumat dimana jisim atom relative bagi N=14, O=16 dan Cu=64.

A. 3.76 g
B. 4.96 g
C. 5.04 g
D. 7.52 g

13. The following equation shows the combustion of heptane, C
7
H
16
, in excess oxygen.
Tindakbalas berikut menunjukkan pembakaran bagi heptana, C
7
H
16
, didalam oksigen
berlebihan.

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C
7
H
16 (l)
+ 1102
(g)
7CO
2 (g)
+ 8H
2
O
(l),
H = -5 512 kJ mol
-1

The combustion of heptane in excess oxygen released 1,378 kJ of energy.
What is the mass of heptane used?
Pembakaran heptana didalam oksigen berlebihan membebaskan 1,378 kJ tenaga.
Apakah jisim heptana yang digunakan ?

Use the information that the relative atomic mass of H = 1 and C = 12.
Gunakan maklumat dimana jisim atom relative bagi H=1 dan C=12.

A. 25.0g
B. 36.0g
C. 77.0g
D. 88.0g

14. The diagram shows two balloons filled with oxygen gas and hydrogen gas.
Rajah menunjukkan dua belon yang disikan penuh dengan gas oksigen dan gas hirogen.

Which of the following statements is true about the two gases?
Manakah antara berikut kenyataan benar tentang kedua-dua gas ?

A. The number of moles of oxygen gas is greater than hydrogen gas
Bilangan mol gas oksigen adalah lebih besar berbanding gas hydrogen.

B. The number of moles of oxygen gas and hydrogen gas is equal
Bilangan mol gas oksigen dan gas hydrogen adalah sama

C. The number of oxygen gas molecules is greater than hydrogen gas molecules
Bilangan molekul gas oksigen adalah lebih besar berbanding molekul gas hydrogen

D. The number of oxygen gas molecules is fewer than hydrogen gas molecules
Bilangan molekul gas oksigen adalah kurang berbanding molekul gas hidrogen

15. A hydrocarbon compound is burnt completely in air to form 17.6 g of carbon dioxide gas and
7.2 g of water.
What is the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon compound?
Sebatian hidrokarbon terbakar lengkap diudara membentuk 17.6g gas karbon dioksida dan 7.2
g air.
Apakah formula molekul bagi sebatian hidrokarbon tersebut?

Given that the relative atomic mass of C=12, H=1, O=16.
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Diberikan jisim atom relative bagi C=12, H=1, O=16.

A. C
2
H
6

B. C
3
H
8

C. C
4
H
8

D. C
4
H
10

16. The picture shows a waste disposal site. The activity of microorganisms in the waste produces
methane gas.
Gambar menunjukkan kawasan pembuangan bahan buangan. Aktiviti mikroorganisma
terhadap bahan buangan menghasilkan gas methana.

What is the mass of methane gas produced?
Apakah jisim gas methana yang dihasilkan?

Given that the relative atomic mass of H=1, C=12, and 1 mol of gas occupies 24dm
3
at room
temperature and pressure.
Diberikan jsim atom relatif bagi H=1, C=12 dan 1 mol sebarang gas memenuhi 24 dm
3
pada
suhu bilik dan tekanan piawai.

A.12g
B.16g
C.21g
D.27g

17. 5 g of element X reacted with 8 g of elements Y to form a compound with the formula XY
2
.
What is the relative atomic mass of element X?
5g unsur X bertindakbalas dengan 8g unsur Y untuk membentuk sebatian berformula XY
2
.
Apakah jisim atom relatif bagi unsur X?

Given that the relative atomic mass of Y=80.
Diberikan jisim atom relatif bagi Y = 80.

A. 25
B. 40
C. 50
D.100

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18. 0.12 g of magnesium reacts with excess hydrochloric acid to produced hydrogen gas. Given
that the relative molecular mass of H=1, Mg=24, Cl=35.5 and 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm
3
at
room temperature pressure.
Which of the following is true about the reaction?
0.12g magnesium bertindakbalas dengan asid hidroklorik berlebihan untuk menghasilkan gas
hidrogen.
Diberikan jisim atom relatif bagi H=1, Mg=24, Cl=35.5 dan 1 mol sebarang gas memenuhi 24
dm
3
pada suhu bilik dan tekanan piawai.
Manakah antara berikut adalah benar bagi tindakbalas tersebut?

I. Mg + 2H
+
Mg
2+
+H
2

II. Volume of gas released is 120 cm
3

Isipadu gas yang dibebaskan ialah 120 cm
3

III. Mass of the salt formed is 0.30g
Jisim garam yang terbentuk ialah 0.30g.
IV. This is a redox reaction
Ini merupakan tindakbalas redox

A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. I, II and IV only
D. II, III and IV only

19. In an experiment, the decomposition of 25cm
3
of 0.1 mol dm
-3
hydrogen peroxide solution
produces oxygen gas.
Didalam eksperimen penguraian 25 cm
3
larutan hidrogen peroksida 0.1 mol dm
-3
meghasilkan
gas oksigen.

If the experiment is repeated using
another solution, which solution will produce curve Q?
Sekiranya eksperimen diulangi dengan menggunakan larutan lain, larutan yang manakan
menghasilkan lengkung Q ?

A. 25 cm
3
of 0.15 mol dm
-3
hydrogen peroxide
B. 20 cm
3
of 0.15 mol dm
-3
hydrogen peroxide
C. 15 cm
3
of 0.15 mol dm
-3
hydrogen peroxide
D. 10 cm
3
of 0.25 mol dm
-3
hydrogen peroxide

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20. The chemical formula for potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) is K
3
Fe(CN)
6
.
What is its relative formula mass?
Formula kimia bagi kalium heksasianoferrat ialah K
3
Fe(CN)
6
.
Apakah jisim formula relatifnya?

[Relative atomic mass of C =12, N=14, K=39 and Fe = 56]

A 121
B 199
C 251
D 329

21. If the Avogadro number is represented by the letter x, what is the number of hydrogen gas
particles, H
2
, with the molar volume of 24 dm
3
mol
-1
at room temperature and pressure?
Sekiranya nombor avogadro diwakili oleh huruf x, apakah bilangan zarah gas hidrogen, H
2

dengan isipadu molarnya ialah 24 dm
3
mol
-1
pada suhu dan tekanan piawai ?

A x
B 2x
C x
2

D 1 x
2

22. A dibase acid, H
2
J has the concentration of 0.5 mol dm
-3

Letter J is not the actual symbol of the element. What is the volume of potassium hydroxide,
KOH, 1.0 mol dm
-3
that can neutralize 25.0cm
3
of the H
2
J acid solution?
Asid dwibes, H
2
J mempunyai kepekatan 0.5 mol dm
-3
.
Huruf J bukan merupakan symbol sebenar bagi unsur. Apakah isipadu bagi kalium hidroksida,
KOH, 1.0 mol dm
-3
yang boleh meneutralkan 25.0 cm
3
larutan asid H
2
J ?

A 6.25 cm
3

B 12.50 cm
3

C 25.00 cm
3

D 50.00 cm
3

23. Which of the following reactants produces the highest rate of reaction with zinc powder?
Manakah antara berikut bahan tindakbalas yang menghasilkan kadar tindakbalas yang tinggi
bagi serbuk zink ?

A 25 cm
3
of sulphuric acid 0.1 mol dm
-3

B 25 cm
3
of ethanoic acid 0.1 mol dm
-3

C 25 cm
3
of nitric acid 0.1 mol dm
-3

D 25 cm
3
of hydrochloric acid 0.1 mol dm
-3

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24. Diagram 2 shows three types of substances.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan tiga jenis bahan

Diagram 2

Which of the following is true about the substance in Diagram 2?
Yang manakah berikut adalah benar bagi bahan pada Rajah 2?

I. The number of particles in gas Z is 3x602x10
23
Bilangan zarah didalam gas Z ialah 3x602x10
23

II. All the substances have only 602x10
23
particles
Semua bahan mempunyai hanya 602x10
23
zarah
III. The number of particles in liquid X is less than in gas Z.
Bilangan zarah didalam larutan X adalah kurang berbanding gas Z.
IV. The number of particles in solid Y is two times greater than in liquid X.
Bilangan zarah dalam pepejal Y ialah dua kali ganda berbanding larutan X.

A I and II only
B III and IV only
C I, II and IV only
D I, III and IV only.

25. Which of the following gases contains 04 mol of atoms at room temperature and
pressure?
Manakah antara gas-gas berikut mengandungi 0.4 mol atom pada suhu bilik dan tekanan
piawai ?
[1 mol of gas occupies the volume of 24 dm
3
[1 mol gas memenuhi isipadu sebanyak 24 dm 3 pada suhu bilik dan tekanan piawai]

A 4 8 dm
3
He
B 4 8 dm
3
H
2

C 4 8 dm
3
SO
3

D 4 8 dm
3
CO
2

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26. The following equation shows the decomposition reaction of copper(II) carbonate when
heated at room temperature and pressure.
Persamaan berikut menunjukkan penguraian bagi tindakbalas kuprum(II) karbonat apabila
dipanaskan pada suhu bilik dan tekanan piawai.

CuCO
3
CuO + CO
2

Which of the following is not true when 1 mol of copper (II) carbonate is decomposed?
Yang manakah antara berikut tidak benar apabila 1 mol kuprum(II) karbonat diuraikan ?
[Relative atomic mass: C=12, O=16, Cu=64 and 1 mol of gas occupies the volume of 24
dm
3
at room temperature and pressure.]
[Jisim atom relative: C=12; O=16 dan 1 mol gas memenuhi isipadu 24 dm
3
pada suhu dan
tekanan piawai]

A 1 mol of copper(II) oxide is formed
1 mol kuprum(II) oksida terbentuk
B 1 molecule of carbon dioxide gas is given off
1 molekul gas karbon dioksida dibebaskan.
C 80 g copper(II) oxide is formed
80g kuprum(II) oksida terbentuk
D 24 dm
3
of carbon dioxide gas is given off
24 dm
3
gas karbon dioksida dibebaskan.

27. Diagram 13 shows the neutralization reaction between a strong acid and a strong alkali.
Rajah 13 menunjukkan tindakbalas penenutralan diantara asid kuat dan alkali kuat.

Diagram 13

What is the volume of the alkali needed to produced 14625 g of salt?
Apakah isipadu alkali yang diperlukan bagi menghasilkan 1.4625g garam ?

[Relative atomic mass: Na=23, Cl=355, H=1, O=16]
[Jisim atom relatif:Na=23, Cl=35.5, H=1, O=16]

A 0005 cm
3

B 0025 cm
3

C 5000 cm
3

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D 25000 cm
3

28. In an experiment, 24 g of magnesium powder is added to 100 cm
3
of 20 mol dm
3

copper(II) sulphate solution.
The temperature of the mixture increases by 10
0
C.
What is the heat of reaction in the experiment?
Didalam satu eksperimen, 2.4g serbuk magnesium ditambahkan kepada 100 cm
3
larutan
kuprum(II) sulfat 2.0 mol dm
-3
Apakah haba tindakbalas bagi eksperimen tersebut?

[Specific heat capacity of a solution = 42 J g
-10
C
-1
; Relative atomic mass of Mg = 24]
[Muatan haba tentu larutan = 42 J g
-10
C
-1
; Jisim atom relatif bagi Mg = 24]

A -042 kJ mol
-1

B -048 kJ mol
-1

C -420 kJ mol
-1

D -480 kJ mol
-1

29. Propane burns completely in oxygen according to the equation shown below.
Propana terbakar dengan lengkap dalam oksigen mengikut persamaan dibawah.

C
3
H
8

(g)
+ 5O
2

(g)
3CO
2

(g)
+ 4H
2
O
(l)

If 1.0 mole of propane gas is burnt completely, which volume of gaseous product is
obtained, measured at room temperature and pressure ?
Sekiranya 1.0 mol gas propana terbakar dengan dengkap, manakah isipadu gas yang
dihasilkan, diukur pada suhu bilik dan tekanan ?

A 0.1 dm
3
C 2.4 dm
3

B 0.3 dm
3
D 7.2 dm
3

30. A mixture containing 1 mole of ethane and 4 mole of oxygen is ignited, in a sealed
container at 100
0
C. The reaction occurring is shown by the equation below.
Campuran yang mengandungi 1 mol ethane dan 4 mol oxygen dinyalakan didalam bekas
yang tertutup pada suhu 100
0
C . Tindakbalas terbentuk ditunjukkan pada persamaan
dibawah.

C
2
H
4

(g)
+ 3O
2

(g)
2CO
2

(g)
+ 2H
2
O
(g)

What was the total number of moles of gas at the end of the reaction?
Apakah jumlah bilangan mol bagi gas pada akhir tindakbalas ?

A 2 C 4
B 3 D 5

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ACTIVITY 8 : STRUCTURED QUESTIONS

1. Diagram above shows the structural formula of aspirin.
Rajah menunjukkan formula struktur bagi formula aspirin

(a) What is the molecular formula of aspirin?
Apakah formula molekul bagi aspirin ?

(b) What is the molecular mass of aspirin?
Use the information that the relative atomic mass of H = 1, C = 12 and O = 16.
Apakah jisim molekul bagi aspirin
Gunakan maklumat dimana jisim atom relative bagi H=1, C=12 dan O=16.

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[Answer: (a) C9H8O4 (b) 180 ]
2. The ionic equation for the precipitation reaction of silver chloride is:
Persamaan ion bagi tindakbals pemendakan argentums klorida adalah:

Ag
+
(aq)
+ Cl
-
(aq)
AgCl
(s)

What is the number of moles of Ag
+
ions that reacted with Cl
-
ions?
Apakah bilangan mol bagi ion Ag
+
yang bertindakbalas dengan ion Cl
-
?

[Answer: 0.0125 mol]

3. When 10cm
3
of 0.5 mol dm
-3
sodium sulphate solution is added to excess lead(II) nitrate
solution, a white precipitate lead(II) sulphate is formed.
Apabila 10 cm
3
larutan natrium sulfat 0.5 mol dm
-3
ditambah kepada larutan plumbum(II)
nitrat berlebihan, mendakan putih terbentuk.

i. Write the chemical equation for the reaction.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas tersebut.

ii. Describe the chemical equation in (3)(i).
Perihalkan persamaan di (3)(i)

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iii. Calculate the number of mole of sodium sulphate in the solution.
Hitungkan bilangan mol natrium sulfat didalam larutan

iv. Calculate the mass of precipitate formed.
Given that the relative atomic mass of O=16, S=32, Pb=207.
Hitung jisim mendakan yang terbentuk.
Diberikan jisim atom relative bagi O=16, S=32, Pb=207

[Answer: (i) Pb(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 PbSO4 + 2NaNO3
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(ii) 1 mole lead(II) nitrate reacts with 1 mole of sodium sulphate to produce
1 mole of lead(II) sulphate and 2 moles of sodium nitrate
(iii) 0.005 mol
(iv) 1.515g ]

4. Chemical equation below shows how a nitrogen dioxide is converted into nitric acid.
Persamaan kimia dibawah menunjukkan bagaimana nitrogen dioksida ditukarkan kepada
asid nitrik

4NO
(g)
+ 2H
2
O
(l)
+ 3O
2
4HNO
3

(aq)

Calculate :
Hitung:

(a) The number of mole of nitrogen(II) oxide, NO.
Bilangan mol bagi nitrogen(II) oksida, NO.

(b) The maximum mass of nitric acid which can be produce from 720 dm
3
of
nitrogen(II) oxide, NO at room temperature and pressure.
Jisim maksima asid nitric yang dihasilkan daripada 720 dm
3
nitrogen(II) okside,NO
pada suhu bilik dan tekanan.

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[Answer: (a) 30 mol (b) 1890g ]

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